Patient Diet Analysis

Name: Kayla Cook Patient # 002

1. Patients Existing Diet - Look at your patients information. Determine the following based on the
questionnaire the patient completed. Fill in the information in the Example Diet column.
2. Recommended Daily Allowance Use the USDAs Choose My Plate website to help determine
what a healthy meal plan would be for your patient. Provide healthy amounts of each category based on
your patients background information.

Example Diet RDA

(examples of each category
from your patients diet)
Calories 3406 Calories 2000 Calories
% Carbohydrates 58% Calories 45- 65% Calories
% Fat 29% Calories 20 - 35% Calories
% Protein 14% Calories 10 - 35% Calories
Sodium 4098 mg < 2300 mg
Calcium 556 mg 1000 mg
3. Blood Panel Results Compare your patients blood panel results to what is recommended for a person
of the same age and build.

Patient Information Recommended Averages

Glucose 140 mg/dl 70-100 mg/dL
Protein 7.9 g/dl 46 g/d
LDL 215 130 - 159 mg/dL
HDL 35 50-59 mg/dL
Triglycerides 650 <150 mg/dL
Total Cholesterol 250 <300

4. Continued Analysis-

a. Beverages have calories; what types of beverages is your patient consuming regularly? It is
essential that the patient stay hydrated. Explain why this contributes to a healthy diet:
b. If your patients calorie total was greater than + or - 90 calories from the RDA, explain what
consequences this will have for the patient.
c. Analyze your patients HDL, LDL and triglyceride measurements. If your patient is outside the
recommended averages, what are the implications for their health?
d. What could a patient do to improve their cholesterol numbers? Give multiple suggestions of
factors and actions that could affect cholesterol numbers? Does your patient need to be mindful
of cholesterol? Explain.
e. How can a patient increase their fiber intake?

5. Include one, MLA formatted citation used to research information this diet analysis.
 Cook 1

Kayla Cook

Mrs. Norris

Honors Biology

4 February 2015

Patient Diet Analysis

Patient 002s example diet was compared to recommended daily amounts. Each day,

Patient 002 drinks four Sunkist sodas and one sports drink. She doesnt drink milk, water, or

coffee. 872 of her daily calories come from these drinks alone, and they dont hydrate her very

well. Water is essential because every part of the body needs water to function properly. It helps

keep the body maintain homeostasis. There is some water in these drinks, but plain water will be

a great improvement to her diet and in keeping her healthy. Patient 002 also needs to consider

drinking more milk, as her calcium levels are only half of what they should be. Calcium is

important, especially for bones in the body to remain strong.

Patient 002s calorie level was 1,406 calories over the recommended amount. Sometimes

calories can be good; the body needs calories for energy. But if Patient 002 doesnt burn off

enough calories she will gain weight and become less healthy. She should try to maintain her

2000 calorie goal and exercise 30 minutes a day to maintain a healthy weight. If she consumes

too many calories she is at risk of heart disease, diabetes, and unhealthy weight gain. If she

consumes too little she is at risk of exhaustion, anemia, and bone breakdown. She needs to

balance her calorie level to be healthy. She was also over in her sodium levels. To prevent

permanent damage to nerve cells, Patient 002 will have to cut back on the sodium.
 Cook 2

The doctor measured her good cholesterol (HDL), and her bad cholesterol (LDL), along

with her triglycerides found in her blood. Patient 002 went over the recommended LDL level by

about 85 mg/dL. She was under by 15 mg/dL in her HDL levels. The biggest problem that

Patient 002 faces is that her triglyceride level is 500 mg/dL over the recommended level. She

needs to increase her HDL, because it maintains cholesterol and lowers heart disease risk. High

LDL can build up in your arteries and increases risk of heart problems, so she needs to decrease

her LDL levels. Her high level of triglycerides is dangerous to Patient 002 because she could be

at risk of metabolic syndrome and/or a heart disease. Some triglycerides are necessary but too

many is hazardous.

Patient 002s glucose levels were about 40 milligrams higher than recommended. High

glucose levels are a risk because it puts her at risk of hyperglycemia. This means she has too

much glucose and not enough insulin. She could possibly have or be at risk of diabetes. She

needs to maintain her glucose levels and watch her levels carefully. A simple solution to high

cholesterol, controlled glucose levels, and a healthy weight is by adding more fiber into her diet.

Fiber is an important factor in doing all three of those things, and it is easy to add into her diet.

Fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds and whole grains are all good sources of fiber. Canned and

processed foods should be avoided as they dont have as much fiber in them.
 Cook 1

Kayla Cook

Mrs. Norris

Honors Biology

5 March 2015

Cancer and Health Analysis

Over one million people in the US alone are diagnosed with cancer. In the world 14

million people are diagnosed with the disease, and 8 million of those die from it. It is obviously a

growing problem in the world today. But what exactly is cancer? The term cancer is a term

that refers to many diseases. It starts when a regular process in the body goes out of control.

There are trillions of cells in your body. These cells go through a cell cycle, where cells

grow, divide by mitosis, and then die in a systematic fashion. However, sometimes the cell cycle

malfunctions. It goes out of control producing abnormal cancerous cells. Instead of dying, the

abnormal cells just keep dividing through the mitosis process and usually form masses of tissue

called tumors. There are different types of tumors: malignant and benign. Benign tumors can be

large, but cannot spread and usually dont grow back when removed. However, malignant

tumors can invade and spread to nearby tissues. While spreading, some cancerous cells break off

and spread throughout the bloodstream or lymph vessels to other places in the body to create

even more tumors. The process of cancer spreading is called metastasis.

Sometimes you hear the term metastatic cancer. This refers to a cancer that has spread

from the place it started. Metastasis is a complex process that consists of 7 main steps. The first

is local invasion. This is where the cancer cells invade nearby tissue. In intravasation these cells

begin to invade and move through nearby lymph/blood vessels. Cancerous cells travel through
 Cook 2

the lymphatic system and bloodstream to other parts of the body during circulation. Cancer cells

arrest (stop moving) in capillaries at a far location. After that the cancerous cells invade the

capillaries walls and continue invading surrounding tissue during extravasation. In proliferation

the cancer cells multiply so that they can form small tumors called micrometastases. Finally, the

micrometastases stimulate the growth of new blood vessels to attain a blood supply in

angiogenesis. This blood supply is necessary for the tumor to continue to grow as it needs

oxygen and nutrients.

Twenty-five percent of cancer diagnoses are caused by obesity and malnutrition

according to the American Association for Cancer Research. Some types of cancer are very

closely linked with weight including breast, colorectal, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic, and

gallbladder cancers. The link between breast cancer and obesity is this: after menopause, obese

women gain even more fat tissue and their estrogen levels rise. This leads to a more rapid growth

of estrogen-responsive tumors. Colorectal cancer is also associated with cancer. The distribution

of body fat and waist circumference heightens colorectal cancer risk. High levels of insulin and a

high blood pressure both increase chances of kidney cancer. Obese people are two times as

likely to be diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Obesity worsens inflammations of the pancreas,

which increases pancreatic cancer risk. Chances of getting gallbladder cancer increase when

there is a high level of BMI and a high level of gallstones, which is seen in obese people. Cancer

and obesity are related by immune inflammation, insulin metabolism levels, and proteins that

make hormones available.

Certain ethnicities are more commonly diagnosed with certain cancers. In breast and

esophageal cancer, non-Hispanic whites have the highest breast cancer occurrence rate, while
 Cook 3

Asian/Pacific Islanders have the lowest rate. In colorectal and kidney cancer, African Americans

have the highest occurrence rate, while Asian/Pacific Islanders have the lowest rate. In

pancreatic cancer, American Indians and Hispanics have the highest occurrence rate, while

African Americans have the lowest rate.

While cancer is a very prevalent disease, there are some ways you can lower the risk. One

of these ways is through diet and food choices. Adding foods with high levels of antioxidants is

also a very good idea. Antioxidants are chemicals that block activity from free radical chemicals.

Free radicals could potentially damage cells, and the damage could lead to cancer. The body

does have its own antioxidants, but the body also relies on receiving them from the diet. Fruits

and vegetables are good sources of antioxidants, have less fat, and more fiber. These elements

collaborate to work against cancer. Fiber helps keep food moving through your digestive tract

and removes cancer-causing materials before they can create harm.

There are also a few other factors that lead increased cancer risk. A persons lifestyle can

definitely affect cancer risk. Cigarette smoking accounts for 30% or more of all cancer fatalities.

If a person chooses to smoke, they are at risk for many cancers including lung, esophagus, and

oral cavity cancers. Drinking alcohol can also increase cancer risks, especially liver cancer. More

than 2 drinks a day will definitely increase chances of cancer. A lifestyle with poor physical

activity incorporated will increase cancer risk. A poor diet and not enough physical activity are

key factors in cancer risk, as one third of cancer deaths are associated with malnutrition,

inactivity, and obesity. Genetics are also a factor in cancer risk, as some cancer runs in families.

This may be because the family shares the same types of environmental risk factors. Other

reasons could be that obesity runs in the family, which is a cancer risk. In rarer cases, however, a
 Cook 4

parent has a gene defect/mutation that will be transferred to his/her children. If a child was

formed from a mutated gene, the first mutated cell will then divide in mitosis and all the cells

will be mutated. This is how a cancer can be inherited.

Now I will discuss Patient 002s cancer risks. Patient 002 is an Asian/Pacific Islander. As

stated earlier, some ethnicities are more susceptible to some cancer than others. Asian/Pacific

Islanders are especially susceptible to liver cancer. However, they are not very likely to get the

cancers most commonly linked with obesity. If one of Patient 002s parents had a gene mutation,

Patient 002 could be at risk of a cancer. If his family members smoke then he is also likely to

have cancer from the secondhand smoke. If Patient 002 did not have a good nutritious diet then

he could also be at risk. He will need to incorporate fruits, vegetables, and unsaturated fats if he

wants to decrease his risk. He will also need to cut out meat, saturated, and Trans fats. By adding

fruits and vegetables into his diet, he is increasing his antioxidant intake. This will decrease his

cancer risk. If Patient 002 smokes, or excessively drinks alcohol, then he is definitely at a risk of

cancer. Alcohol is especially important for him to be careful about, because alcohol is linked

with liver cancer; liver cancer is the most common cancer in Patient 002s ethnicity. Patient

002s environment also plays a role. If he is around the sun a lot, whether because of his work or

just because he likes it, he will need to be aware that his risk of cancer is heightened. If he is fair

skinned the sun will affect even more. If he is often exposed to asbestos, radiation, or other

chemicals, then his cancer risks are also intensified. If Patient 002 is exposed to tobacco smoke

often in his daily environment, then he will also be prone to cancer as well.
 Food Production

Processed foods generally refer to foods that are packaged, canned, or bagged. Foods like cereal,

canned fruit, and frozen dinners are all processed foods. Whole foods are foods that are grown naturally,

have not been processed, and are not made of man-made ingredients. Whole foods include things like

unprocessed fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, and really anything naturally grown. Processed foods are

the most convenient and sometimes necessary to get rid of illness-causing bacteria. However, these

foods are not the most nutritious. The nutrients that are added to these foods are hard for the body to

absorb. Fewer nutrients are available in these foods, and they are usually full of salt and saturated fats.

Too many salts and saturated fats can heighten risk of heart problems and cholesterol. Processed foods

can last longer and can be very helpful in emergencies.

Whole foods are filled with nutrients you need, fiber, vitamins, and minerals naturally. This is

good for your health, and helps reduce risk of cardiovascular disease, cancers, and type 2 diabetes.

Another good thing about whole foods is that unhealthy additives are not added into the food. Things

added like salt, sugar, saturated fats and preservatives can decrease your health. All these added fats and

salts can lead to unhealthy weight gain, and too many saturated fats are linked with heart problems too.

The problem with whole foods, however, is that they dont last as long and are more expensive than

processed foods.

A type of whole food is an organic food. Organic food refers to the way the crop is grown

and processed. Farmers growing organic foods will avoid artificial methods, and instead use natural

methods to cultivate their crop. They do this by using like natural fertilizers, using crop rotation

methods, and using mulch to manage weeds. Organic foods are not exactly proven to be more nutritious,

but many choose organic over conventional foods because conventional foods pose worries about use of
pesticides, food additives, and harm to the environment. Organic foods are more costly than

conventional, which is a reason that some just go for the conventional foods. To see if what you are

eating is organic, it will be labelled either 100% organic or organic. To be organic the food must

be at least 95% organic. 100% organic foods carry a USDA seal to ensure the buyer that the food is

completely organic.

To make sure the food we eat is safe the government sets standards to be met, and the food

industry is held responsible for making safe food. The government will perform inspections to make

sure food is safe, and they strongly enforce their safety laws. The government also sets labelling laws.

Labeling laws came about in the early 1900s, and their purpose is to inform consumers what ingredients

are in the products and how many of certain ingredients there is. The Food Safety and Inspection Service

gives guidance for labelling, policies, and inspection and are meant to protect consumers from being

misled by labels. Labelling is helpful to people who want to know what they are eating, and some people

want more on their labels. For example, the GMO debate has some people fighting to have GMOs

labeled for them to see.

 Works Cited

"2000 Calories a Day The Healthy Way." 2000 Calories a Day The Healthy Way. N.p., n.d.

Web. 18 Mar. 2015.

"7-Day Calorie Confusion Meal Plan." 7-Day Calorie Confusion Meal Plan. N.p., n.d.

Web. 19 Mar. 2015.

Beard, Jason. "Daily Food Plans." Sample Menus for a 2000 Calorie Food Pattern (n.d.): n.

pag. MyPyramid.gov. Web.

Bruso, Jessica. "What Does High LDL & High HDL Mean?" Healthy Eating. Demand

Media, n.d. Web. 5 Mar. 2015.

"Calorie King - Diet and Weight Loss. Calorie Counter and More." Calorie King - Diet and

Weight Loss. Calorie Counter and More. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2015.

"Cancer Prevention Diet." Lower Your Risk with Cancer Fighting Foods. HelpGuide.Org,

Feb. 2015. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.

"Cholesterol - Better Health Channel." Better Health Channel. 2015 State Government of

Victoria, n.d. Web. 5 Mar. 2015.

Duvauchelle, Joshua. "Pros & Cons of GMO Foods." LIVESTRONG.COM.

LIVESTRONG.COM, 13 Jan. 2014. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.

"Family Cancer Syndromes." Family Cancer Syndromes. American Cancer Society, 25

June 2014. Web. 14 Mar. 2015.

Finz, Stacy. "GMOs: Research Says They'll Help End Starvation, but Americans Remain

Wary." Cal Alumni Association. Cal Alumni Association, 13 Oct. 2014. Web. 18

Mar. 2015.
"Food Labeling." Food Labeling. United States Department of Agriculture National

Agricultural Library, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.

"Food Tracker." Food Tracker. ChooseMyPlate.gov, n.d. Web. 5 Mar. 2015.

"Healthy Whole Foods: Making Nutrient-Rich Choices for Your Diet." WebMD. WebMD,

2007. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.

Herbert, Martha, MD. "What Is Genetically Modified Food (And Why Should You Care)?"

Brown University, 2002. Web. 17 Mar. 2015.

Jacob, Aglaee. "Processed Food Definition." Healthy Eating SF Gate. Demand Media, n.d.

Web.

"Metastatic Cancer." National Cancer Institute. National Cancer Institute, 28 Mar. 2013.

Web. 04 Mar. 2015.

"National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC)." National Diabetes Information

Clearinghouse (NDIC). N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2015.

"Nutrition and Healthy Eating." Organic Foods: Are They Safer? More Nutritious? Mayo

Foundation for Medical Education and Research, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.

Phillips, Theresa, Ph.D. "Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Transgenic Crops and

Recombinant DNA Technology." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 2008.

Web. 18 Mar. 2015.

Sarich, Christina. "37 Million Bees Found Dead in Canada After Large GMO Crop

Planting." Natural Society. 2014 Natural Society, 08 Nov. 2014. Web. 19 Mar.

2015.
"Techniques for Genetically Modifying Plants." GeneWatch UK. GeneWatch UK, n.d.

Web. 19 Mar. 2015.

"UNL's AgBiosafety for Educators." UNL's AgBiosafety for Educators. University of

Nebraska, n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2015.

"U.S. Food and Drug Administration." Labeling & Nutrition. U.S. Food and Drug

Administration, 13 Mar. 2015. Web. 18 Mar. 2015.

"US Law Label Requirements & States with Tagging Laws." American Law Label.

American Law Label, Inc., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.

"WebMD - Better Information. Better Health." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.

"What Is Cancer?" What Is Cancer? American Cancer Society, 11 Aug. 2014. Web. 11

Feb. 2015.