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Applied mainly on thin sections - The equipment required for TIG welding comprises a power source,
The low heat input and slow deposition rates of the basic Non-Consumable welding torch gas supply and various accessories. The power
TIG process generally restrict its suitability to materials less sources normally have constant current or drooping characteristics.
than 6mm thick.
Tungsten This ensures minimum variation of welding current with changes in
Clean high quality welds Electrode arc length.
The TIG process uses an inert atmosphere with-out flux. To avoid touching the electrode down on the workpiece and to assist
This reduces the possibility of weld defects. in arc striking, a high frequency (HF) source is connected between
electrode and workpiece. This high frequency is switched off once
Access and manoeuvreability the arc is established.
TIG torches are compact and can be used where access is
difficult. Slow travel speeds assist in welding complex joint The torches used can be air or water-cooled. Gas lenses are
profiles (e.g. tube-to-tube welds). available to stabilise the gas flow and improve its shielding efficiency.
Window frames Process Description Helmets & Lenses Cables, connectors and Lugs
Truck bodies
In the TIG process the heat generated by an arc, formed between the end of a tungsten Clothing & Gloves General Eye & Face
Road Tanker shells
(non-consumable) electrode and the workpiece, is used to fuse the joint area. Wire brushes Welding screens and curtains
Boat hulls
Work return clamps Metal markers
Aircraft engine and airframe fabrication The joint may be formed by either melting the butting edges together without adding filler
Respiratory protection Chipping hammers
Stainless steel fabrications rod (autogenous weld), or by feeding the filler rod into the molten pool. Safety spectacles, Goggles Chemical Sundries
Food processing plant & Lenses
Chemical tanks and storage vessels
The inert gas, which shrouds the weld, prevents oxidisation of the weld, assists in
Tungsten Grinders
Nuclear power plant fabrication cleaning and determines the heating characteristics of the arc.
Modes of Operation
Current
Square Wave
tp
tp
tBg
Cathode tBg
Anode - t. sec
Cathode Anode
t
A good weld under the correct operating Porosity Surface porosity can arise for a variety Undercut Undercutting of the sides of the weld Lack of Penetration if the heat from the arc is
conditions, excellent weld quality, surface finish and of reasons. The most common causes being is caused almost totally by bad welding technique. too low, poor penetration will result. To remedy this
absence from defects can be obtained with TIG. insufficient gas flow, bore of ceramic nozzle too Typical causes include fault check that the current setting is high enough
Certain defects can be produced by poor welding small, excess degreasing agent present on the weld incorrect rod handling, high and decrease the welding speed. Argon/hydrogen
procedure. The most common problems and their material, too long an arc, incorrect torch or rod current setting, and high and argon/helium gas mixtures may also be used
remedies are shown for reference angle and poor quality materials. Gases which welding speed. to increase heat input (see Shielding Gas).
cause porosity are nitrogen or carbon monoxide
in mild steel and hydrogen in aluminium.
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