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US STANDARD RELATEDTO DESIGN OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM. (Under Paragraph.6-2 of AC No:


150/5320-56, U.S Department of Transportations)

Drainage systems will vary in design and extent depending upon:


- Local soil conditions
- Topography
- Size of physical facility the facility
- Vegetation cover or its absence
- The anticipated presence or absence of ponding
- Local storm intensity and frequency patterns

Grading. (Under Paragraph.6-2.1 of AC No: 150/5320-56, U.S Department of


Transportations)
- Grading is the most important single factor contributing to the success of the drainage
system.
- Specific grading criteria for airfields can be found in UFC 3-260-01 for DOD and AC
150/5300-13 for FAA.

Classification of Storm Drains. (Under Paragraph.6-2.2 to 2.3 of AC No: 150/5320-56, U.S


Department of Transportations)

- Primary drains consist of main drains and laterals that have sufficient capacity to
accommodate the project design storm, either with or without supplementary storage in
ponding basins above the drain inlets.

- Auxiliary Drains Auxiliary drains normally consist of any type or size drains provided to
facilitate the removal of storm runoff but lacking sufficient capacity to remove the project
design storm without excessive flooding or overflow.

- Hydraulics of Storm Drainage Systems Hydraulic design of storm drainage systems


require an understanding of basic hydrologic and hydraulic concepts and principles.
Hydrologic concepts were discussed earlier in this UFC.
Components:
Channels and Benches (Under Paragraph.7-3.4 of AC No: 150/5320-56, U.S Department of
Transportations)
- The purpose of the flow channel is to provide a smooth, continuous conduit for the flow and
to eliminate unnecessary turbulence in the manhole by reducing energy losses.
- The elevated bottom of the manhole on either side of the flow channel is called the bench.
The purpose of a bench is to increase the hydraulic efficiency of the manhole. See fig. 7-7.

JUNCTION CHAMBERS (Under Paragraph.7-4 of AC No: 150/5320-56, U.S Department of


Transportations)
- Specially designed underground chamber used to join two or more large storm drain
conduits.
- This type of structure is usually required where storm drains are larger than the size that can
be accommodated by standard manholes.
- For smaller diameter storm drains, manholes are typically used instead of junction
chambers.
- Materials commonly used for junction chamber are pre-cast concrete, cast-in-place
concrete, on storm drains constructed of corrugated steel.
- To minimize flow turbulence in junction boxes, flow channels and benches are typically built
into the bottom of the chambers. Figure 7-9 illustrates
Extended Detention Dry Ponds (Under Paragraph.10.3, of FHWA-NHI-01-021U.S Department of
Transportations)
- Are depressed basins that temporarily store a portion of storm water runoff following a
storm event.
- Water is typically stored for up to 48 hr. following a storm by means of a hydraulic control
structure to restrict outlet discharge provides an opportunity for urban pollutants
carried by the flow to settle out.
- significantly reduce the frequency of occurrence of erosive floods downstream.

Auxiliary Component:
Manholes (Under Paragraph.7-3 and 7-7 of AC No: 150/5320-56, U.S Department of
Transportations)
- The primary functions are to provide convenient access to the storm drainage system for
inspection and maintenance.
- Secondary functions, manholes also serve as flow junctions, and can provide ventilation and
pressure relief for storm drainage systems.
- Materials most commonly used for manhole construction are pre-cast concrete and cast-in-
place concrete.
- Depth. The depth required for a manhole will be dictated by the storm drain profile and
surface topography. Common manhole depths range from 5 to 13 ft. Manholes that are
shallower or deeper than this may require special consideration.

Typical configuration of manhole

Manholes Clean-out Boxes: (UTAH, RIVERTON CITY STORMWATER DIVISION, under Sect.
2.11)
- Design per APWA Plan No.-331, 341 or approved equivalent.
- Place manholes, at all changes in pipe size, alignment, and slope. Typical spacing to be 500
feet maximum.
- No City manholes allowed on private property. Exceptions require written request storm
water easement. Easement templates are available at the Engineering Department.
- Design boxes to be self-cleaning, except when specified by the City Engineer.

Manholes (City of Phoenix, Storm Water Quality and Standards under Paragraph 6.4.2)
- Manholes are required for all mainline storm drain pipe changes, verticals grades break,
horizontal deflection angles greater than five (5) degrees, mainline pipes intersections and
periodic location for access and maintenance. maximum manholes spacing shall conform to
the requirements in table 6.4.1.
Chutes:(Under Paragraph.7-5.1 of AC No: 150/5320-56, U.S Department of Transportaions)
- is a steep, open channel that provides a method of discharging accumulated surface runoff
over fills and embankments. A typical design is shown in Figure 7-10.

Siphons :(Under Paragraph.7-5.8 of AC No: 150/5320-56, U.S Department of Transportaions)


- To an inverted siphon or depressed pipe that would stand full even without any flow.
- Its purpose is to carry the flow under an obstruction such as a stream or depressed
highway and to regain as much elevation as possible after the obstruction has been
passed.
- Its purpose is to carry the flow under an obstruction such as a stream or depressed
highway and to regain as much elevation as possible after the obstruction has been
passed.
- AASHTO recommends a minimum of two barrels.
Curb (Paragraph 4.2.4, of FHWA-NHI-01-021, U.S Department of Transportaions)
- normally used at the outside edge of pavements for low-speed, highway facilities, and
in some instances, adjacent to shoulders on moderate to high-speed facilities. serve the
following purposes:
o Contain the surface runoff within the roadway and away from adjacent
properties
o Prevent erosion on fill slopes
o Provide pavement delineation
o Enable the orderly development of property adjacent to the roadway
Gutter (Paragraph 4.2.4, of FHWA-NHI-01-021, U.S Department of Transportaions)
- ormed in combination with curbs are available in 0.3 through 1.0 meter (12 through 39
inch) widths.
- cross slopes may be the same as that of the pavement or may be designed with a
steeper cross slope, usually 80 mm per meter (1 inch per foot) steeper than the shoulder
or parking lane (if used). AASHTO geometric guidelines state that an 8% slope is a
common maximum cross slope.

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