I.

PRESENT TENSE
(WAKTU SEKARANG)

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (waktu hari ini sederhana)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan sehari - hari dan digunakan
untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum.

A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + am/is/are + Complement
(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + Complement
(?) Am/is/are + Subject + Complement

Contoh : * I am handsome (Saya tampan).

* She is a dentist (Dia adalah seorang dokter gigi).
* They are singer (Mereka adalah penyanyi).

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + Verb 1 (s / es) + Complement
(-) Subject + do/ does + not + Verb 1 + Complement
(?) Do / Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement

Contoh : * We play football together.

* He buys a book.
* My mother cooks in the kitchen.
* The sun rises in the east

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (waktu sekarang sedang berlangsung)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung di

waktu sekarang.

A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + am/is/are + Complement
(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + Complement
(?) Am/is/are + Subject + Complement

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing + not + Complement
(?) Am/is/are + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh : * We are singing now.

* She is blowing the candle.
* They are building the stable.
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (waktu sempurna sekarang)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah selesai dilakukan
dalam waktu yang tidak tentu dimasa lampau dan biasanya membawa akibat
dimasa sekarang.

A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + Has/Have + been + Complement
(-) Subject + Has/Have + not + been + Complement
(?) Has/Have + Subject + been + Complement

Contoh :
* I have been here for an hour.
* He has been in Sidney since two years ago.

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + Has/Have + Verb 3 + Complement
(-) Subject + Has/Have + not + Verb 3 + Complement
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Complement

Contoh :
* Mr. Ali has finished taught the students.
* Rudi and Firman have played badminton.

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (waktu berlangsung sempurna

sekarang)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang dimulai pada masa lampau
dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.

A. Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan present perfect tense

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + Has/Have + been + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + Has/Have + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Have/Has + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :
* The policeman has been chasing the robber for two hours.
* My brother has been sleeping since six oclock.
 II. PAST TENSE
(WAKTU LAMPAU)

1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE (waktu lampau sederhana)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang terjadi pada waktu lampau.

A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + was/were + Complement
(-) Subject + was/were + not + Complement
(?) Was/were + Subject + Complement

Contoh :
* I was in Jakarta last month.
* You were angry last time.
* She was sad yesterday.

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + Verb 2 + Complement
(-) Subject + did + not + Verb 1 + Complement
(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement

Contoh :
* I wrote the letter for you yesterday.
* He replied the message a few minutes ago.
* They came to my house last week.

2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (waktu lampau sedang berlangsung)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang berlangsung ketika

peristiwa yang lain terjadi diwaktu yang lampau.

A. Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan past tense

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing
(?) Were/was + Subject + Verb-ing

Contoh :
* Roni was eating some meals when you came.
* The bus driver was driving quickly when you called me.
3. PAST PERFECT TENSE (waktu sempurna lampau)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah selesai dilakukan
ketika atau sebelum peristiwa yang lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.

A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + had been + complement
(-) Subject + had + not + been + Complement
(?) Had + Subject + been + Complement

Contoh :
* They had been in Garuda restaurant before the punkers came.
* She had been on the second floor of apartment when the telephone rang.

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + had + Verb 3 + Complement
(-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + Complement
(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + Complement

Contoh :
* Santoso had written the novel.
* The workers had built the bridge.

4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUES TENSE (waktu berlangsung sempurna lampau)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah sedang berlangsung
selama jangka waktu tertentu ketika peristiwa yang lain terjadi pada waktu
lampau.

A. Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan past perfect tense

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :
* Marissa had been swimming in the swimming pool
 III. FUTURE TENSE
(WAKTU AKAN DATANG)

1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE (waktu akan datang sederhana)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang.

Rumus :
(+) Subject + will/shall + Verb 1 + Complement
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + Verb 1 + Complement
(?) Will/shall + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement

Contoh: * I shall go to Surabaya tomorrow

* You will not give us a book
* Shall we learn English next week

2. FUTURE CONTINUES TENSE (waktu berlangsung akan datang)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung
dalam waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.

A. Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan future tense

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + will/shall + be + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Will/shall + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :
* We will be fishing fish in the river at eight oclock tomorrow.
* Susi will be getting award from the teachers at this time next week.
3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (waktu sempurna akan datang)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sudah selesai
dilakukan dimasa mendatang.

A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus:
(+) Subject + will/shall + have been + Complement
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + have + been + Complement
(?) Will/shall + Subject + have + been + Complement

Contoh :
* They will have been in this garden at seven oclock tomorrow.

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + will/shall + Verb 1 + Complement
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + Verb 1 + Complement
(?) Will/Shall + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement

Contoh :
* They will get an examination.
* Mr. Ibnu will feed the fish.

4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUES TENSE (waktu berlangsung sempurna akan

datang)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah sedang
berlangsung beberapa lama pada waktu yang akan datang.

A. Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan future perfect tense

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + will/shall + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + will/shall + have + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Will/shall + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :
* My family will have been staying in London for 3 years by next August.
* My little sister will have been sleeping for five hours by eight oclock.
 IV. PAST FUTURE TENSE
(WAKTU AKAN DATANG DI MASA LAMPAU)

1. PAST FUTURE TENSE (waktu akan datang di masa lampau)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan dimasa
lampau namun tidak terjadi.

A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + would/should + be + Complement
(-) Subject + would/should + not + be + Complement
(?) Would/should + Subject + be + Complement

Contoh :
* I would be nervous.
* My friends would be in the hospital.

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + would/should + Verb 1 + Complement
(-) Subject + would/should + not + Verb 1 + Complement
(?) Would/should + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement

Contoh :
* My father would blame you last week.
* I would invite you to my party three days ago

2. PAST FUTURE CONTINUES TENSE (waktu akan sedang terjadi di waktu

lampau)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung
pada waktu tertentu dan pada masa yang lampau.

A. Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan past future tense

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + would/should + be + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + would/should + not + be + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Would/should + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :
* Jane would be cooking by this time yesterday
* Ahmad would be reading newspaper.
3. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (waktu akan sudah selesai di waktu lampau)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang seharusnya telah selesai
dilakukan pada masa lalu.

A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + would/should + have + been + Complement
(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Complement
(?) Would/should + Subject + have + been + Complement

Contoh :
* Mr. James would have been here before he went to his office.

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + would/should + have + Verb 3 + Complement
(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + Verb 3 + Complement
(?) Would/should + Subject + have + Verb 3 + Complement

Contoh :
* Michael would have made a good toy.
* Susan would have finished her examination.

4. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUES TENSE (waktu akan sudah sedang

terjadi di waktu lampau)

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang seharusnya telah sedang
berlangsung selama jangka waktu tertentu pada masa lampau.

A. Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan past future perfect tense

B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus :
(+) Subject + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing + complement
(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Would/should + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :
* The red hat boy would have been catching the ball.
* I would have been staying here for 3 hours by yesterday.