Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
What is the size of a nucleus of a sugar crystal in equilibrium at 20C with mother liquor at 115%
supersaturation? The surface tension at the crystal-liquid interphase is estimated to be 0.003 J/m 2. The
density of the sugar crystal is 1600 kg/m3.
A salt solution weighing 10000 kg with 30 wt% Na 2CO3 is cooled to 293 K (20C). The salt crystaliizes as
the decahydrate. What will be the yield of Na 2CO3.10H2O crystals if the solubility is 21.5 kg anhydrous
Na2CO3/100 kg of total water? Do this for the following cases.
a. Assume that no water is evaporated
b. Assume that 3% of the total weight of the solution is lost by evaporation of water in cooling
W kg H 2O
C kg crystals, Na2CO3.10H2O
Solution :
The molecular weight are 106 for Na2CO3, 180.2 for 10H2O, and 286.2 for Na2CO3.10H2O.
W being kg H2O evaporated, S kg solution (mother liquor), and C kg crystals of Na2CO3.10H2O.
Making a material balance around the dashed-line box for water for part (a), where W = 0
100 180.2
0.70 (10000) = (S) + (C) + 0 (W) (1) balance for water
100+ 21.5 286.2
21.5 106.0
0.30 (10000) = (S) + (C) + 0 (W) (2) balance for Na 2CO3
100+ 21.5 286.2
C = . kg of Na2CO3.10H2O
S = .. kg solution
For part (b), W = 0.03 (10000) = 300 kg H 2O, equation (1) becomes
100 180.2
0.70 (10000) = (S) + (C) + 300 (3) balance for water
100+ 21.5 286.2
21.5 106.0
0.30 (10000) = (S) + (C) + 0 (2) balance for Na 2CO3
100+ 21.5 286.2
C = .. kg of Na2CO3.10H2O
S = .. kg solution