VOLTMETERS

Voltmeter

- It is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an

electric circuit.

- Must be connected in parallel with the device or circuit so that the meter can tap of a small

amount of current.

Analog Voltmeter Digital Voltmeter

Analog voltmeters

- Move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit.

- They display readings using a needle rather than a digital display.

- Use a wide variety of means to measure voltage, with d'Arsonval moving-coil galvanometers

being most common.

- These devices use a coil of fine wire suspended within a magnetic field. The coil rotates and

moves a pointer or other indicator proportional to the applied current level.

Digital voltmeters

- Give a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter.

- Digital Voltmeters (DVMs) are a special case of A/Ds. DVMs are voltmeters - i.e. they measure

voltage - and are general purpose instruments commonly used to measure voltages in labs and in

the field.

- DVMs display the measured voltage using LCDs or LEDs to display the result in a floating point

format.

- They are an instrument of choice for voltage measurements in all kinds of situations.
 MULTITESTER

Multimeter or Multitester

- also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter)

- is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit.

- A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance.

- can be a hand-held device useful for basic fault finding and field service work, or a bench

instrument which can measure to a very high degree of accuracy.

Analog Multitester Digital Multitester

Analog Multitester

- Use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings.

- Instruments that are used to measure electrical quantities such as voltage, current, resistance,

frequency and signal power.

- Basic functionality includes measurement of potential in volts, resistance in ohms, and current in

amps.

- Used to find electronic and electrical problems. Advanced units come with more features such as

capacitor, diode and IC testing modes.

Digital Multitester

- Have a numeric display, and may also show a graphical bar representing the measured value.

- Digital multimeters are now far more common due to their cost and precision.
 CLAMP ON METER

Clamp on meter

- measures the vector sum of the currents flowing in all the conductors passing through the probe,

which depends on the phase relationship of the currents.

- is an electrical tester that combines a basic digital multimeter with a current sensor.

- Clamps measure current. Probes measure voltage. Having a hinged clamp jaw integrated into

an electrical meter allows users to simply clamp around wire, cables and other conductors at any

point in the electrical system and measure its current, without disconnecting it.