MAT3320 Assignment 3

Total: 10 marks. Due date: Tuesday, Nov 10, on or before 6:00pm. In MATH Department
(585 King Edward), there is a Drop-Box. You need to put your assignment into the box before
6:00pm on the due date. Late assignments will not be accepted.

1. (3 marks) Consider the Sturm-Liouville problem

y 00 4y 0 + y = 0, y 0 (0) = 0, y 0 (2) = 0.

(a) Is = 8 an eigenvalue? If yes, find the corresponding eigenfunction; if no, explain

why.
(b) Place the equation in Sturm-Liouville Equation, find the weight function p(x).

Solution: (a) The indicial (characteristic) eqn is: c2 + 4c + 8 = 0, r = 2 2i. Thus

y(x) = e2x (A cos 2x + B sin 2x)

y 0 (x) = e2x (2A cos 2x 2B sin 2x 2A sin 2x + 2B cos 2x)

y 0 (0) = 0 = 2A + 2B, A = B,
y(x) = Ae2x (cos 2x + sin 2x) and y 0 (x) = 4Ae2x sin 2x.
By y 0 (2) = 0 we have 4Ae4 sin 4 = 0. Thus A = 0, and y = 0, trivial solution.
Thus = 8 is not eigenvalue.
(b) r(x) = e4x , p(x) = e4x .

 
1, 0 x < 1;
2. (3 marks) Let f (x) = . Define the 4-periodic odd extension, find
3 x, 1 x 2.
the Fourier sine series of f (x), and find the value of the Fourier sine series at x = 2015.

Solution: We extend f (x) to be 4-periodic odd function.


1, 0 x < 1;

f (x), x [0, 2]; 3 x, 1 x 2.

f(x) = fodd (x) = =
f (x), x (2, 0).
1, 1 < x < 0;

(3 + x), 2 < x 1.

2 2
Z Z 1 Z 2
nx nx nx
bn = f (x) sin dx = sin dx + (3 x) sin dx
2 0 2 0 2 1 2
 1  2
2 nx 2 nx 4 nx
= cos + (3 x) cos 2 2 sin
n 2 0 1 n 2 n 2 1
 2  n n  4 n
= 1 (1) + cos + 2 2 sin .
n 2 n 2
Thus the Fourier sine series is
 
X 2  n n  4 n nx
f (x) 1 (1) + cos + 2 2 sin sin .
n=1
n 2 n 2 2

The value of the Fourier sine series at x = 2015:

1+2
fav (2015) = fav (1) = fav (1) = = 1.5
2
3. (4 points) Consider the wave equation 16utt = uxx , subject to the boundary conditions
u(0, t) = u(3, t) = 0 and the initial conditions u(x, 0) = 0, ut (x, 0) = 3 sin(6x)
2 sin(9x). The solution is
 
X nct nct nx
u(x, t) = an cos( ) + bn sin( ) sin( ).
n=1
L L L

Find an , bn and the detail solution.

Solution: c = 1/4, L = 3, f (x) = 0, g(x) = 3 sin(6x) 2 sin(9x). From

 
X nct nct nx
u(x, t) = an cos( ) + bn sin( ) sin( )
n=1
L L L

we imply that
 
X nt nt nx
u(x, t) = an cos( ) + bn sin( ) sin( ).
n=1
12 12 3

X nx
u(x, 0) = 0, u(x, 0) = an sin( ) = 0, an = 0, n 1,
n=1
3

X nt nx
u(x, t) = bn sin( ) sin( ).
n=1
12 3

X n nt nx
ut (x, t) = bn ( ) cos( ) sin( ).
n=1
12 12 3

X n nx
ut (x, 0) = bn ( ) sin( ) = 3 sin(6x) 2 sin(9x).
n=1
12 3
Comparing coefficients from two sides, when n3 = 6, i.e., n = 18, b18 ( 18 12
) = 3 , b18 = 2 ;
when n3 = 9, i.e., n = 27, b27 ( 27
12
) = 2 , b27 = 9 8
; All other bn = 0. Hence
   
2 3t 8 9t
u(x, t) = sin sin(6x) sin sin(9x)
2 9 4