INDIAN INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY PATNA

Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME305: Heat and Mass Transfer

Mid Semester Examination Time: 2 hours

Date: 22nd of September, 2016 Total Marks: [30]

Assume appropriate values if some information is missing.

Each symbol in this question paper represents its usual notation.

1. Answer these questions together and the answers must be within 1-2 lines each.

(a) What is the difference between thermodynamics and heat transfer? [1]
(b) Why is the thermal conductivity of a solid generally larger than that of a liquid? Why
is the thermal conductivity of a liquid larger than that of a gas? [2]
(c) Write the general form of heat diffusion equation in Cartesian coordinates. What is the
physical significance of each term? [2]
(d) If heat is transferred from a surface by convection and radiation, how are the corre-
sponding thermal resistances represented in a circuit? [1]
(e) In the derivation of the energy equation for an extended surface, why is the assumption
of one-dimensional conduction an approximation? Under what conditions is it a good
approximation? [2]

2. Answer these questions together and the answers must be within 1-2 lines each.

(a) What parameter characterizes the effect of geometry on the relationship between
the heat rate and the overall temperature difference for steady conduction in a 2-D
system? How is this parameter related to the conduction resistance? [2]
(b) For 1-D, transient conduction, what is implied by the idealization of a semi-infinite
solid? Under what conditions may the idealization be applied to a plane wall? [2]
(c) What differentiates an explicit, finite-difference solution to a transient conduction
problem from an implicit solution? [2]
(d) What quantities change with location in a thermal boundary layer? [1]
(e) Do you expect heat transfer to change with transition from a laminar to a turbulent
boundary layer? Justify. [1]

3. The heat transfer coefficient for air flowing over a sphere is to be determined by observing
the temperature-time history of a sphere fabricated from pure copper. The sphere, which is
12.7 mm in diameter, is at 66 C before it is inserted into an air-stream having a temperature
of 27 C. A thermocouple on the outer surface of the sphere indicates 55 C in 69 s after the
sphere is inserted in the air-stream. Assume, and then justify, that the sphere behaves as a
space-wise isothermal object and calculate the heat transfer coefficient. [3]

4. How are effectiveness, and efficiency of a fin affected if its thermal conductivity increased?
If the convection coefficient is increased? If the length of the fin is increased? [2]

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5. Consider a long solid tube, insulated at the outer radius r2 and cooled at the inner radius
r1 , with uniform heat generation q (W/m3 ) within the solid. In a practical application
a limit would be placed on the maximum temperature, Ts,2 , that is permissible at the
insulated surface (r = r2 ). [4]

(a) If the inner surface temperature is Ts,1 then obtain the general solution for the
temperature distribution in the tube.
(b) If the coolant is available at a temperature T , obtain an expression for the convection
coefficient that would have to be maintained at the inner surface to allow for operation
at prescribed values of Ts,2 and q.

Hint: The general form of the heat equation in cylindrical coordinates is given as
     
1 T 1 T T T
kr + 2 k + k + q = Cp
r r r z z t

6. The temperature distribution across a wall 1 m thick at a certain instant of time is given as:

T (x) = a + bx + cx2

where T is in degrees Celsius and x is in meters, while a = 900 C, b = 300 C/m, and
c = 50 C/m2 . A uniform heat generation, q = 1000 W/m3 , is present in the wall of area
10 m2 having the properties = 1600 kg/m3 , k = 40 W/m K, and Cp = 4 kJ/kg K. [5]

(a) Determine the rate of heat transfer entering the wall (x = 0) and leaving the wall
(x = 1 m).
(b) Determine the rate of change of energy storage in the wall.
(c) Determine the time rate of temperature change at x = 0, 0.25, and 0.5 m.

End

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