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Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Tech, United States
Received 3 October 2012; received in revised form 28 November 2012; accepted 6 December 2012
Available online 26 January 2013
KEYWORDS Summary Additive manufacturing (aka, 3D printing) holds strong potential for the forma-
Nanocomposites; tion of a new class of multifunctional nanocomposites. With the ability to print complex 3D
Nanomaterials; objects layer by layer, additive manufacturing with nanomaterials could be leveraged in new
Additive ways toward greater control over material properties across part dimensions. Multifunction-
manufacturing; ality through embedding of nanomaterials can further extend capabilities of nanocomposites
3D printing to properties such as gradients in thermal and electrical conductivity, photonic emissions tun-
able for wavelength, and increased strength and reduced weight. Here we discuss the promises
offered by nanomaterials-based additive manufacturing as a new paradigm for nanocomposite
functionality.
2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nanocomposites attract researchers and industry because aka, 3D printing). AM begins with a 3D model of the object,
of their potential combination of properties from both which is then digitized and sliced into model layers with
the nanomaterials and the host materials matrix. The special software. The AM system then prints 2D layers into
allure of nanocomposites is the expectation of dramatic a 3D build, adding each new layer on top of the prior layer.
improvements in properties in areas important to such var- Finally, a 3D object is realized that can frequently be used
ied industries as aerospace, automotive, semiconductor, directly from the printer [3].
plastics, and chemicals [1]. However, challenges remain Could a marriage of nanomaterials and AM offer new
for nanocomposites production in several areas, includ- opportunities in nanocomposites? Adding nanomaterials such
ing processing, cost, consistency and reliability in volume as carbon nanotubes, nanowires, and quantum dots to host
production, high lead time, and oxidative and thermal insta- matrices such as polymers, metals, and ceramics via AM
bility of nanomaterials [2]. New processing techniques with has the potential to enable greater capabilities in nanocom-
an eye toward multifunctionality could offer advantages for posites production. This union of technologies could offer
nanocomposites. clear advantages by the manipulation of fundamental mate-
A research area paralleling the development of nanocom- rial properties in objects (through nanomaterials) that can
posites over recent decades is Additive Manufacturing (AM, possess customized geometries, reduced delay between
design iterations, single tool production, and increased parts
integration (through AM).
Corresponding author at: 325 Stanger Street, ICTAS, MC 0193, Past research has demonstrated promising results on
Suite 410E, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States. incorporating nanomaterials to AM. Two ways to introduce
Tel.: +1 540 231 8359; fax: +1 540 231 0970. nanomaterials into a 3D print job are: (1) 3D printing of
E-mail address: tomca@vt.edu (T.A. Campbell). the host matrix material with intermittent stoppages of
1748-0132/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2012.12.002
120 T.A. Campbell, O.S. Ivanova
Acknowledgements
References