Melaka MALAY BASIN TIME SCALES MAGNETIC & ISOTOPE

BIOCHRONOZONES

NATUNA
Straits SABAH ONSHORE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY

PENYU
E. of Bentong Suture TARAKAN CENOZOIC SEQUENCE Ma Before Present SE ASIA PLATE
SARAWAK SABAH OFFSHORE
PERIOD

EPOCH

HAQ et al. , 1988

STAGE
Basin Malay Other Malay & SANDAKAN BASIN BASIN MAJOR CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY TECTONICS Larger Palynology Oxygen & Strontium Isotopes
ERA

RE-CALIBRATED Paleo ODP DSDP site data

W. of Bentong 3RD ORDER Calcareous Nannofossils Planktonic Foraminifera Polarity
Suture Basin Basin SEQUENCES TECTONIC/ Modified after Haq et al. , 1988, Haq et al, 1998 and Styzen et al, 1996
Modifie Modifie
Modified SEA LEVEL CURVE FROM 50 Ma TO Forams Modified after Jaizan, 1997 & per. comm., 2005-2006; Madon et al. , 1999; Morley, per. comm., 2005-2006 Magnetic
Chrono
modified after Boyce et al. ,
1994; Farley et al., 1998;
after Modified after Hardenbol et al ., Foram Polarity ConocoPhillips,
O2 composite1998;
doublyAbreu Strontium composite data values
Groups & Formations RELATIVE CHANGE Strat
Groups Formation Shelf Stages Murphy Shell Seismic EUSTATIC 3rd ORDER d after d after RECENT Malay

P. hypophyllus
F. meridionalis
Reversal smoothed & slope doubly smoothed after Boyce

F. semilobata
Cycles & Hiatus (H) Hiatus (H) Groups & Gradstein, Oldest Youngest Oldest Youngest Coiling East Paly Pollen

P. imbricatus
Mod. after PRSS, 1998 SE Asia

S. papuanus
NW SE Seismic Deep Water Haq et Berggre Biozonation Biozonation Biozonation Basin West Natuna Baram Delta Zonation

F. trilobata
Horizons & OF COASTAL ONLAP averaged DSDP ODP sites; al , 1994; mod. after

F. levipoli
1999; Wong, Yazid Lithostratigraphy Names Chronosequence (S) Chronosequence (S) WEST CENTRAL EAST DENT P. Formations SEQUENC Ogg and Occurrences Occurrences Occurrences Occurrences Directio Malaysia Sundaland Zones Zones Zones
(ESSO, 1974) Mansor, Fanani,
Boyce, Morley,
Lithostratigraphy Horizons Fans SABAH SABAH SABAH S. SABAH EVENTS LANDWARD BASINWARD
E TEJAS
al. , n et al.,
Smith, n
Zones mod. after Abreu et al .,
1998; ConocoPhillips,
ConocoPhillips, 1998; Farley
al ., 1998; PRSS, 1998.
Mod. after Kingston, 1977; Mod. after ISIS, Modified after Ho, 1978; van Modified after Finch 1955; Bowen et al, 1957; James 1984; Lim 1985; GSM 1985; Mod. after Sun Pet., 1999; 1988 1995 Mod. after Martini, 1971; Bukry, Modified after Mod. after Mod. after Mod.after Mod.after
Modified after Mod. after Boyce et al ., 1998; PRSS, 1998.
Kirby et al. , 1993; Andreason 2006; Wong, Yazid
Mod. after
Modified after
Kuswardhany, pers.
Borren et al , 1996; Mat-Zin et al ,
Haq et al. , 1988 Bol et al ., 1980; Levell, 1987; Modified after
Modified after Yin 1985; Clennell 1992; Walker, 1993; Leong et al, 1993; Zin, 1994; Wong 1994; Leong & Azlina, 1999; CLIMATE CURVE 2004 CoreLab, in 1973, 1975; Okada et al , 1980; Modified after Gradstein et al, 2004; Modified after Blow, 1979; Berggren & Modified after Gradstein et al , 2004; Mod. after Haq & Adams, 1970; PRSS, 1999; Modified after Robertson CoreLab, CoreLab,
PRSS,
Modified after Gradstein et al ., 2004
et al. , 1993, 1994; Madon et Mansor, Morley,
Armitage et
CONOCO,
comm., 2006,
1997; Morrison et al. , 2003; Boyce, Modified after Krebs, 2006
recalibrated to Noad et al , 1997; Morrison et Modified after Carigali; Krebs, Crevello, 2000-
Shell Sabah, 2003- Tongkul, 1997; Razali et al , 2003; Peng 2004; Madon, Chan, Awalludin & Zulhaimi, Noon, Harrington & Mod after Shell, 2004; PRSS, 2006; Morley, Noon,
(T) Modified after R. Hall, 2002 press, 2006; Gradstein et al., 2004; Morley, Krebs, Morley, Shamsudin, pers. comm., Miller, 1988; CoreLab, 2004; Gradstein Krebs, pers. comm., 2006; Peter Lund, CoreLab, Postuma, 1975; Chow, 1996; Jaizan, Morley, Research, 1981; Morley, 1993; Noon, 2005; Noon,
1995;
Shell, 1996
Potter et al. , 1985; 1994; Cande et al. , 1992,
18
Millions of Years (Ma) al. , 1977; Amerada Hess, 2006. Gradstein et al. , 2004 al , 2003; Grant, 2003; Madon, 2006 2003; Murphy pers. comm., 2006; Mansor, 2007; Abdullah, pers. comm. 2007. Balaguru et al.,
SL RISE updated, Osterloff, per. 1995. Polarity simplified;
al. ,1999; Kuswardhany, pers. Mansor Ahmad,
Jaizan, 2000
1984. Krebs, Lunt, Madon, Osterloff,
using biozones pers. comm., 2006. Sabah, 2003-2006
2006 2006 with exceptions notes in red.
Darman, 2003; Noon,
EVERWET
Shamsudin pers. comm., 2006.
SEASONAL
CYCLES Wantoro, 2006 pers. comm., 2006; Osterloff, 2006 et al., 2004; Noon, pers. comm., 2006. 2007 pers.comm., in press. 2005 Adams, 1979, Lunt et al , pers. comm., pers. comm., 2005-2006 pers. comm. pers. comm.
2006 comm., 2007. grey normal. O% 0
comm. 2006 Boyce, p.c. 2006 Yamin, pers. comm. 2007. pers. comm, 2003-2006. per. comm., 2007. 1984 2004, p. c. 2005-2006 2006 2006
Holocene NS33 CN15 NN21 E. huxleyi G. oceanica SB11 S1 .
0.01 Holocene Holocene Kuantan Holocene Pahang, Holocene Holocene Holocene NOTE: Shell Holocene Holocene Holocene 0 Ma Note: Lund, 2 3
0 ma 2 4 6 2 4 6 1
0.015 MARINE FLOODING subtro

upr.
Peninsula Johor NOTE: Pre- interprets & Older & Older NS32 NN20 2007 pers.
Malaysia Platform Natuna Duration of Hiatus (Ma) Duration of Hiatus (Ma) 2006 Murphy Murphy's pre (continuous (continuous Waru TB3.10
P. lacunosa NB1 p comm., in Palynology (marine Pi-5 (W)
Ionian TB3.10

Phyllocladus palaeogenicus
Basalts TB3.10 paly = algal;
& Arch
S05 S05
Horizons 2006 H100 at deposition into deposition into CN14 Press, these
terrestrial fw algae -
Pilong Tenggol, Basalts positions are top Yellow Fan units below) units below) 0.8 0.80 0.80 0.80 Io 1 letter stage
0.80 Upper Penyu CYCLE STAGE shown with red & H300 at the 0.80 0.95 0.80 0.80
NS31 boundaries
Botryococcus &
Pediastrum, fugal P900
Pi-4 (Io)
Pleistocene

IVG
Quaternary

Arch lettering along base of Kinarut have all been

Unnamed Q spores, pollen from
Minas Terengganu
Basalts
VIII H05 H05 right side of
column.
(Knr). Position
of Shell Fans
fixed by
strontium
angiosperms, spores

Equivalen
Minas Platform
& Khorat,
A lower
Murphy 2007
new Horizon
(2007) same as
Pre-2006.
ALPINE 4 - LATE STAGE N 22 PT1 dating at
CISRO. PR15C
from ferns,
gymnosperms conifer
SB10
S2 C1N
Pc-3 (Il)

t
Late stage inversion due to TB3.9 b NN19 pollen) (Pv2
Calabrian Bergading- positions MELIAU OROGENY spreading in South China Sea. H. sellii NB2 Pc-2 (K)
Bintang shown along NW-SE compressional inversion in 2 Ma
NS30 CN13 581)
Arch
S10 S10 left of column Bunyu Borneo with continued shear. Tg-h
Layang
Basalts TB3.9 with color fill of The University of Malaysia Sabah, pers.
Layang comm, 2007, and Shell Miri, pers. comm., N/A 1.40 1.40 Cala 2
Island
horizon line. Phyllocladu
H10 Coloured fill 2007, PMU and others do not recognize 1.6 0.80
1.56 1.61 0.80
1.56 Cala 1 Pc-1
H10 s (A/N)
below nor accept the term 'MELIAU OROGENY'
1.60 0.80 NS29 a b
hypophyllu
1.81 represents due to disputed & contradictory evidence.
TB3.8 1.65 1.77 1.81 ii
1.83 W. Baram, Balingian S20 HORIZON I Murphy's HORIZON1I UNCONFORMITY
HORIZON D. brouweri PL6 G. fistulosus
S20 1.65 1.77 2.49 2.09 Ge 2
NS28 NN18
G. extremus P800
PGI-2
interpretation 2.4 2.09 D. pentaradiatus
SB9 a
Gelasian 1.83 ma CYCL TB3.8
of Shell Fan
ALPINE STAGE 4 2.09 2.49 0.80
NS2 PL5 S P. C2N

D. australensis
c-d
Late

H20 H20 Intervals. (Pv2

TB3.7
upper

Pilong INITIAL PHASE CN12 NN1 imbricatus PGI-1

E S30 U. Belait
S30 Undefined Start of NW-SE compression N/A 2.55 2.59 2.55 Ge 1
7
7 D. surculus N20 - N21
PL4 3 481)
Undefined 2.76 Pia 2 4 Ma
originally
VII H30 TB3.7
H30
throughout SE Asia with inversion
2.60 2.59 0.80 b D. variabilis G. altispira
"T.h" i 5
PPl-2
2.59
Piacenzian S40 Umas of many areas. Transpression 3.0 3.21 3.20 3.21 0.80 Pia 1 NS26 NN16 G. fistulosus S. paenedehiscens
S40 Togopi a D. tamalis PL3

(Back-arc inversion)
U 3.00 3.20 G. nepenthes SB10
3.60
Pilong
Muda
Liang
W. Baram
H40 STAG H40 ?
H70 Umas movement in Celebes Sea.
Banggai Sula Blocks collide
3.5 3.21
3.58 3.60 0.80
NS25 NN15 D. asymmetricus
S. abies
P. pseudoumbilica G. margaritae 7
C2AN PPl-1
TB3.6
Pliocene

S50 S50 causing continued inversion. Late TB3.6-3.5 3.8 4.04 3.97 4.04 Za 2 T. tricorniculatus PL2
Julu Upper Lower Fm
E
IVF
G. merotumida SB8
Rayeu Petani B CYCLE Liang
stage extensional wrenching in
some areas of N. Borneo, with
1.65
4.2 1.65
4.37 3.97
4.45 0.80
4.37 Za 1 NS24 NN14 Amaurolithus spp
PR15A/B
Bongaya 0.80 0.80
VI some volcanism in S. Sabah.
lower

L H50 Mangayau
Sarawak hydrothermal fluids CN11/10c
Early

TB3.5 H50 expulsion, Yamin (PRSS, 2006)

b
Zanclean mapped corrosion porosity in PL1 PZI-3
Simengaris Tarakan Cycle V & IV carbonates in E11 & TB3.4 NS23 NN13 C. armatus P730 11
Clastic 5 Ma
Begrih E13 fields and non porous N19 NB3 iii S C3N
transgressive lag Lingan Fan II

Stenochlaenidites papuanus
S60 platform stabilization carbonates
TB3.4 at 4.1 4
S60 Ma
porous, viz. Lady Fern.
C. rugosus Tg-h (Sa35
*
S

H60 TB3.4 HORIZON II LINGAN NS22 C. acutus

H60 ? PZI-2
Balingian - Sabah
H90 H90 3.9 - 5.6 Ma HORIZON II UNCONFORMITY NN12 C. acutus
)
5.33 Top D 5.2 5.32 5.33 NS21 CN10a- T. rugosus a
PZI-1
unconformity
S70 S70a Lingan Fan I
Me 2 b S. dehiscens
Reef debris M. Belait Messinian Salinity Crisis 5.73 N18
Messinian Seurula
erodes to mid IV TB3.3 at 5.6
Ma
5.5 5.73 5.77
NS20 D
D. quinqueramus
D. berggrenii
G. juanai e
12 C3AN
MMI-
2
Group I in SE
Balingia H70a HORIZON III UNCONFORMITY TB3.3 0.80 0.80 0.80 b
Malay Basin.
n
TB3.3
EHORIZON III H10 H100
6.3 6.98 7.26 6.98 Tor 3/Me 1 NS19 b C
A. primus
R. rotaria
D. bergenii
G. lenguaensis top SB ii
d
P720 14
15 C3BN MMI-1
7.25 7.26 Upper H70 M. Belait S70b 0 YELLOW ALPINE STAGE 3 CN9 NN11
D. neohamatus
16
Arang - B C. miopelagicus of Undefined 7 712
ma
(NW) Terumbu H70b Ganduman Maykop Deformation NS18 D. neorectus ? MTI-4
Seria 9 Ma a a D. bellus Uppe c
7.26 Upper U. U S80 S80a 5.6 - 6.7 Ma Continued India-Asia compression
N17 PR14 18
C4N
Bukit

(Back-arc )
Pilong Miri STAGE Kakap ? & major Sabah tectonic NS17
M. convallis
M13b r Tf
Bekok A
D. berggrenii P710
Arang TB3.2 H80a downwarping. Borneo RL TB3.2 711 19
D (Nonio
n) CYCLE IV Belait basement reactivation of attached /M14
3 MTI-3
N-S structures which forms pull- D. prepentaradiatus
U. V D S80b PINK
Sebahat-1 below SB8.6
Domaring apart basins. Inversion in NS16
B
G. paralenguaensis b
Zonal
Tukau Belait/ H80 H110 Sandakan. Volcanism in S. Sabah CN8 NN10 definition 21
SRU Ma contains calcareous
& Kinabalu granite intrusion N. NB4 problems
Late

Middle Balingian Original 22

H80b H110 fauna
Sabah. Sand poor deep water. G. extremus
a below C4AN
Petani 8.0 - 9.0 Ma 8.2 9.26 9.22 9.26 Tor 2 D. bollii "T.g" S
Keutapan Balingia 10085 H136 SHALLOW REGIONAL UNCON. NS15 A N16 M13a
Tortonian ?
TB3.1 SHALLOW 0.80 d 5 MTI-2
g n REGIONAL H150 C. coalitus
8.1 ma

M. Carbonate UNCONFORMITY S90 ? MALAY BASIN D. hamatus N. acostaensis

Miri debris aprons & S90 KAMUNSU ? 10 Ma NS1 D. exilis 23
Kakap H200 INVERSION NW SE extension N15 M12 i c 630
sst turbidite fans (Kmu) 4
8.10 (W) Upper STAGE H160
8.5 - 9.5 Ma Sebahat in pull-aparts, Phillipine Blocks CN7 NN9
ma
Nenerin Arang
M.
CYCL L IVC Landok reorganization. TB3.1 NS1
E g& U. Pari Sb
Tukau Santul
Prograding Fans Develop from 8.5- 3 base b

DENT GROUP
E UPPER
H90

Middle - Upper Tf
9.22 INTERMEDIATE H320 H200 11.0 Ma, viz. TB 3.1. Main period
uppe Upper H90 UNCONFORMITY KINARUT D. hamatus of Stenochlaen C5N
W. & Central Belait/ of subsidence in Sabah and
r V 11.2 NS12 CN6 NN8 D. brouweri N14 M11 Uppe a a laurifolia
Lawin Luconia , Balingian M. Belait (Knr) associated source rock deposition.
C. coalitus 24
MTI-1
W. Balingian Sandaka Cold oceans prevail; NN6-9 Calc. r Tf 620
H300 9.6 - 10.6 Ma NS11 D. kugleri PR13
Mid Reefs UIU n Nanno tests absent in areas. NB5 G. siakensis b
11.6 10.2 11.2 11.61 b NN7 SB6
Bekok Balingan, W. Baram S100a S100 U. & L. INT. REG. UNCON. 12 Ma
1 Belait Kapilit ? 0 NS10 C. floridanus N13 M10 G. mayeri a MSI-4
11.80

H100a L. STAGESB303 H100 Sebahat-1

TB2.6 10.5 11.7 11.7 Ser 4/Tor 1 C.chipolensis
G. fohsi P600
L. S100b IVB
Belait 0 11.80 0 H. praesiphonifera 27
Lower (Central) Upper Miri TB2.6 eroded SABAH OROGENY M9b
shale H100b transported Latih South China Sea extension stops CN5 G. praemenardii iii C5AN
Petani Arang LI
Durian CYCLE ? KEBABANGAN coral Tabul Meliat
NS9
top 2
Serravallia E Condon
Sb
11.61 U. IV
S110
LOWER INTERMEDIATE
U S110
H400
(KBB) fragments at
SB11.6 Ma MALAY thermal subsidence, major
12.5 12.7
0
12.72 12.70 Ser 3 a N12
G. acrostoma
of
610
Stenochlaen
a auriformis
MSI-3

Florschuetzia meridionalis
n lower g Lambir H110 UNCONFORMITY and seq. strat transgression; prolific Sarawak NN6 Lower
Belait/ STAG IVAL. H110
reefs at Domaring carbonate deposition. TB2.5 NB6 Tf 30
Balingian Belait SB11.2 Meliat Santul MID MIOCENE & M8/M9a PR12
L.
E Ser 2 G fohsi
Neogene

? Tukau
10.6 - 10.9 Ma DEEP REGIONAL UNCON. Sabah 13.8 13.53 13.60 Tf C5AAN
Undefined Below S
DRU Orogeny continued, Sandakan
13.60 14 Ma
G. peripheroacuta
Luconia UPPER INTERMEDIATE REGIONAL UNCONFORMITY Palawan & Cagayan arcs collide. TB2.4 N11
? S120 TB2.5 S120 (see below)
6
MMU BROWN
Middle

Volcanism in S. Sabah c
13.65 13.53
Balingian Baram Delta 15.5 14.8 Lan 2/Ser 1 G. sicanus SB5
South is right Andaman Sea break-up; start of
13.53 DEEP Meligan TB2.3 - Lan2 / Ser1 14.80 13.65 Malaysian
0 adjustment S. heteromorphus G. suteri C5ABN
and north is left major cooling assoc. with trend of represents one M7
Tungku to Hardenbol et al., 1998
F NS MSI-2
REGIONAL
M. side of column. Terms 'LOWER SL lowering - thick clastics. GOM passive 32
UNCONFORMITY
Lambir Meligan & UPPER margin sea level
global
8 Tf C5ACN
Baong MID MIOCENE Cycle 5 INDIA COLLISION UNCON. scheme as
H120 UNCONFORMITY H120 INTERMEDIATE cycle. In N10 ii
& Setap REGIONAL Malaysia,
Malay CN4 NN5 Camptostem 33
Melaka
Reefs CYCL TB2.4 Undefined Below Shale UNCONFORMITIES'
INDIA STRONG DOCKING
Malay Basin tectonic subsidence;
however, 2
Basin Cooler
b on A
(E) Cycle 4 calcareous
Miocene

U. informal & not intervening NS NB7 P500 C5ADN

Langhian Middle Layang Mid Mid E Setap accepted by Shell Birang
E-W compression in Borneo.
hiatuses (as TB2.3 16.0 nanno
acme 7
PR11
Bekok Miri, Murphy, PMU POST-ALPINE 2 UNCON. shown) between 15.60 14.24 D. deflandrei Stenochlaen
14.24 ma
& Upper Pari Arang
III and others. Formal 13.65 -15.97 Ma MFS
15 Ma N9 M6 a
S130 a spp. MLI-2

( back-arc syn-rift)
Nylur accepted names possibly will be identified 14.9 14.8 Orbulina spp.
Setap MSI-1
* Cycle 3 ALPINE STAGE 2 by 420

Lower Tf
14.24 S130 Shale is listed in Tectonics documented 15.11 C5BN
INDIA DOCKING in future revisions PRSS H. ampliaperta
U. Setap as young column (right).
Balingian Right lateral accommodation along RR & (Shamsudin,
by Gradstein,
H Central
& N. (U. Nyalau) TB2.3
Undefined Below as 10.5
Ma or
Tanjong
Unit 2 Tanjong Cycle 2
TP faults, and S. China Sea subduction,
Phillipine blocks collide.
unpub., comm.,
2006.
2006) of
S. Heteromorphus
M5b
1 PIX
36 MLI-1

15.97 Luconia MM mid 16.2 16.4 Bur 5/Lan 1 Benthic 37

Lebang & Kudat Stage IV MALAY BASIN P. glomerosa C5CN

Alnipollenites
NS6 Forams 38
Reefs U C in 16.5 16.40 15.97 0 of N.
410
Corrosion Corrosion INVERSION N8 MBI-3
H130 some
Cycle 1 Right lateral wrenching. Himalaya-
Borneo, S
porosity porosity schemes M5a Undefined P400
Cenozoic

? Burma syn-axis docking.

Below
7 39
(erosion LOWER INTERMEDIATE REGIONAL UNCONFORMITY CN3 NN4 PR10 Sonneratia
Balingian, N. Luconia INDO-AUSTRALIAN UNCON. TB2.2 17 Ma
in areas) TB2.2 (see above)
16.8 i caseolaris MBI
Tertiary

16.97 ma

P. sicana C5DN
Beluma MALAY OROGENY 16.41 16.97 D. druggii
Telis Start of collision between
i 16.97 N7 M4
Burdigalian
a L.
Lambir
U. S140 STAGE Australia & west movement of
Pacific Plate causing left lateral
NS5
Setap Meligan 17.3
Luconia H140 III & Setap Tanjong
Upper shear in SE Asia. Baram and other
micro-blocks sutured to Borneo.
17.5
17.30 17.64 0
Bur 4
G. insueta
PVIIIB 40
Reefs Naintupo Continued Sabah Orogeny, Sulu
S. heteromorphus S. belemnos
N6 M3 C5EN MBI-2
Corrosion Shale Unit 1
S150 Sea backarc opening (15-20 Ma) & NS4 CN2 NN3
Upper (W) porosity * Tortonian to
18.7 Bur 3
T. carinatus
Kalabaka*
subsidence. base 41

SEGAMA GROUP
Burdigalian S. belemnos H. euphratis S
Arun Lower West TB2.1 PR9B
Reefs Duri H150 Luconia 0 D. adamantus of 8
Nenerin M. Baram carbonates n Calo- ii

Florschuetzia levipoli
Mid Setap Delta Reefs have SIS 19.5 Bur 2 19 Ma
S. conicus Lower PVIIIA
g- Pari age control. MULTIPLE MINOR 0 Tf phyllum SB4
upper Z. bijugatus i
20.4 Peutu Lower Lower Luconia, Balingian MARINE 21.0 20.43 20.5 Aq 3/Bur 1 C6N MBI-1
Sihapas middle
Lawin S160 Libung* MAI-4
Arang 2
Early

3 TRANSGRESSIONS 20.52
Group L. Bekok U. Cycle D
TB2.1-1.5
Sibuti Undefined Below

Upper Te
Lower Malay inorganic basement CO2 Seasonal climate
I L. Setap Shales * University of Naintupo
generation starts. Clastic
dominated systems deposit
during all
unconformities
PR9A
P300
Malaysia Sabah multiple stacked low stand events 42
N5 M2

Zonocostites ramonae
according to younger than 20.4
(E) CYCLE Setap has Kalabakan & in incised valley fills, Borneo
middle TB2.1 University of Libung
Ma as depicted by
Lower Lower Malaysia are
WNW-ESE compression. hiatus delineated by Te
Arun lower II interpreted as Sandakan and NE Sabah forearc biostratigraphic
TB1.5 20 Ma
Nylur older than older than Ayer basin filled by accretionary prisms
PVIIB
Reefs Meligan Fm. graphic correlation. NS3 ii S
(below) and age & deep marine turbidites. CN1 NN2 Te5
Aquitanian Melaka
equivalent to Volcanics onshore Dent Peninsula 9 C6AN
Kalumpang and deep water tuffaceous MAI-3
Straits
Basal (below). sandstones in Sabah. Cold
SB
Reefs 43
(erosion
Lambir oceans prevail. 3
Plateau
in areas) BM Taballar Upper
U G. kugleri T.e
Pelumai ? 21.44
22.0 22.2 Aq 2
Balingian, W. Baram BASAL
BASE MIOCENE
MIOCENE UNCON.
UNCONFORMITY or
Peutu 22.20 21.44 0
21.44 L. Sibuti Malay Basin compressional RL N4 M1 T.e 5
Tapis Lower Gomantong

Parapat
Beluma
i
J Fm. Sands L. Pari U. Barat
Basal Lambir
L. Setap
(L. Nyalau)
G2
deep
BASAL
MIOCENE
UNCONFORMITY
Wariu
Garinono / Kuamut Ayer
Tempilan
wrenching & last synrift lacustrine
deposition in Malay Basin. S.
SEASONAL TB1.4 25 Ma
D. druggii H. recta
PR8
PVIIA
Brownlowia
A
C6AAN MAI
-2
water China Sea microcontinent collision
Clastic carbonate NS2 NN1 C. abisectus G.kugleri
?
U. Melinau
subduction. Dangerous Grounds 25.5 23.8 23.8 Ch 4/Aq 1 S. delphix i C6BN MAI
Terengganu L. Barat Basal TB1.5 TB1.4 collision with NW Borneo. Start PR6-7
K
23.09

W. Subis EVERWET 23.03 0 S. ciperoensis -1

Setap Temburon

magnasteiatites
Bamp Pulai Tapis
Crocker & Sabah Orogeny; Sandakan forearc TB1.3 NS1 PVD-B C6CN
Balingian Temburong
g melange. T.e 4 PR5
KINABATANGAM GROUP (Fore-arc)

Casuarina
o 10

26.5 25.38 24.84 25.38 Ch 3

Pematang TB1.3 SOUTH CHINA SEA UNCON. NP25 P22 52 C7N OCI
24.84 C & SW Luconia; W & E Balingian
10 b PR4 -3
S1 C7AN
L Temburong Kulapi

Lower Te
Seligi Sotong TB1.2 TB1.2 PVA 0
Penyu Udang Lower STAGE INDIA STRONG iii
Late

s G. opima opima C8N

Chattian Stage Mangka Bua PR3
DOCKING STARTS.
of W.
II W. Labang
Kalumpang Malay Basin basement thermal 28.4 27.4 S. distentus Te1-4 OCI
Oligocene

M. Baram Ch 2
Parapat 2 Melinau Crocker subsidence; and Borneo NNW- 30 Ma -2
Delta Crocker sediments sourced 27.49 27.50 9 CP19 b PIVD SB
27.50 7 SSE extension & associated PR2 C9N

cyst I
Reefs from Cret granites of

algal
Sotong Rhu
wrenching. Onset of major 2 P200

Florschuetzia trilobata
Shale Gabus Schwaner Mtns in SW TB1.1
Sands Borneo, and also cooling, drop in sea level, onset of
thick deep water fans. T.e 2-3
UPPER Engkabang TB1.1 PermoTrias granites & P21
Ledang a NP24
28.40 M ?
L.
Upper
Reef
Proterozoic basement of
Malay-Thai Tin Belt during
Shell (Miri)
has
AUSTRALIA COLLIDES
28.
5
28.4 28.5 Ru 4/Ch 1 Undefined
Below
T.e 1
PIVC-B
58
OCI-
1
Pematang Rebab
Setap
Oligocene. (Hattum et al, recovered & 30.0 0 59
C10N
Bruksah shale M&N Belut Upper 2006) identified Seilor WITH ISLAND ARCS TA4.5 a G. opima opima ii

cyst II
ORI-3
Early

algal
Reef Tatau insitu G. ciperoensis
Rupelian Lower
Sand Lacustrine environments expand. T. d PR1
XXXXXX ?
Engkabang unabraded 33. 29.45 Ru 3 angulisutralis ORI-2a
29.4
29.
45
2 Lower Sotong
Benua
Lower
Reef
TA4.5 ? Eocene
biota from LUCONIA/BALINGIAN TA4.4 0 29.40 0
32.0 Ru 2
35 Ma
CP17/18 NP23
S. ciperoensis S. tribulosus
R. hampdenensis
P20
Pseudohastigerina PIVA-PII Dicol- S1
C11N
ORI-2
9 Ledang Sands CYCLE I COLLISION R. umbilicus P19
T. c i
33.90
29.45 U. TA4.4 West
36.0 33.7 33.9 Pr 4/Ru 1 spp. popollis
1 C12N
sands - Kayan Crocker. 0
33.7 CP16a- NP22 E. formosa ORI-1
Lower
TA4.3 Re-alignment along NP2 P17 P18 T. cunlalensis Ta-d Ta-d
Tampur N Granite Penyu Lama (Silantek) Others have
West TPF/RRF, Sandakan
? TA4.3 0
34.6
c
1 iv C13N
Late

34.65 S. barbadiensis EPI-2

Priabonian Outliers Wash Platform
TA4.2 Sujau 37.0 Pr 3 PIC-B
Cycle 1 CYCLE Rajang Crocker as accretionary prism TA4.2 5 CP15a- NP20/19 P16
Group young as 34.76 T. cunlalensis C15N
2 levels ? upper Stage Sembakung extends onto oceanic 38.0 35.17 34.6 Pr 2 b I. recurvus
37.2 I TA4.1
? III. crust, South China Sea TA4.1
39.5 36.00 37.2 5
37.1 Bart 2/Pr 1 C. oamaruensis C. grandis
T. b SB1
iii C16N
L. Melinau NP18 P15 67
TA3.6 spreading (15-35 Ma)
? 37.10 0 unassigned
Paleogene

Granite TA3.6 C17N EPI-1

Wash UNCONFORMITY and associated rifting. 40 Ma b NP17 G. seminvoluta ii
40.5 39.07 39.0 Bart 1
Bartonian Bukit SARAWAK OROGENY 38.54 7 P14 70
29.45 Basal Balaga Mersing Luconia collision, Malay Basin RL EBI-1
Member
Basalt TA3.5 wrenching, cont'd Celebes CP14 C. solitus P13 O. beckmanni unassigned
Eocene

O
Middle

breakup. O. beckmanni T. a
40.4 TA3.5 42.0 41.3 40.4 C18N
MAJOR EOCENE (T.a 3) i
Mulu MARINE a NP16 unassigned
E. P12

Lutetian
O Granite Crocker
Sapulut
TRANSGRESSION
onto Sundaland 42.5 42.6 Lu 4 C19N
ELI-4

Wash LOWER
Kelalan
TA3.4 STAGE TA3.4 42.62 41.67 2
43.9 R. umbilicus C. gigas
M. aragonensis
ii
ELI-3
SARAWAK & MALAY 44.0 Lu 3 CP13a- P1
Undefined TA3.3 I University of
RIFTING, CELEBES SEA TA3.3
46.5 43.95 5
45 Ma
b
NP15 C. gigas
N. fulgens
B. gladius
1
SB0
i
C20N
TA3.2 Malaysia Sabah 46.0 Lu 2 P1 ELI-2
48.60 CYCLE I
TA3.1
? interprets
Sapulut deep
SPREADING (35-45 Ma)
Initial phase
TA3.2 - 3.1 48.5 48.14
46.09
48.60
9
48.1 Lu 1 CP12a- NP14 B. inflatus 0
P9
H. nuttalli

T. a
C21N
Rajang Group (Fore-arc)

Granite
49.5 4 Yp 10 b D. sublodoensis C22N ELI-1
marine ? 50.02 50.02
Early

Wash NP13 D. lodoensis P8 (T.a 2) unassigned

Ypresian TA2.9 - 2.7 OPHIOLITES turbidites TA2.9 - 2.7 50.29 Yp 9 CP11/10 C. crassus
unassigned
C23N
UNCONFORMITY NP12 T. orthostylus P7 M. aragonensis M. formosa PYI-2
older than TETHYS RIFTING 50.0 51.05 51.50
51.05
Yp 7
Yp 8 NP11 P6 a-b Positive
Crocker. M. formosa 79
55.80 Danau Originates west, develops to east. 52.18
Yp 5 - 2
Yp 6
D. diastypus T. contortus C24N PYI-1 isotope
TA2.6 - 2.2 Lutetian Oceanic Basement TA2.6 - 2.2 54.5 54.80 55.80 54.80 CP9/8 P5 M. velascoensis trends
Madai Yp 1/Th 7 - Th 5 NP9NP10 R. bramlettei
PTI
Dated as young as 42.5 Ma N/A 55.80 T. a during
Late

Kayan D. multiradiatus C25N

Thanetian Segamat - Baturong Th 4 - 3
G. pseudomenardii -2 glacioeusta
Fm (ISIS, 2004) Rumpun TA2.1 58.5 55.80 56.75
CP7/6 NP8 (T.a 1) tic sea level
Johor Outliers 58.53
Th 2 - Th 1/Sel 2 50 Ma D. nobilis P4 a-c PTI-1
Penyu Outcrops record TA2.1 Island arc chemical signature Volcanics fall -
P Peninsul around Sundaland
? Trusmad ALPINE OROGENY 60.2 58.53
57.9 58.7
CP5 NP6 NP7
H. riedeli
D. mohleri regressive
Paleocene

aulacoge (Hutchison et al , 2000) STAGE 1 C26N

58.70 a Basalt rare. cycles
Mid

H. kleinpelli Note: Pre

Selandian n failed Ophiolite detritus in Eocene hosts India soft docks, Celebes & S.
TA1.4 - 1.3 CP4 NP5 P3 a-b (green) ;
(Hutchison, 1992; Omang et al , 1996)
i China Sea breakup initiates, Malay F. tympaniformis mid Middle PSI-1 separated
triple Lubok ? Miocene
61.70 Slates Basin post-doming extensional N/A 60.9 61.7 60.70 Sel 1 M. angulata C27N by
junction Antu TA1.4 - 1.3 rifting and syn-rift collapse. 61.45 Da 4 CP3 NP4 P2
carbonates transgrssiv
P. ucinata not given 84
basalts Plateau 2 unconformities 63.0 0
62.84 62.84
Da 3 e cycles
E. macellus letter stages C28N
Early

PDI-2 (blue).
Granite Melange Fm U. of Malaysia CP2 NP3
Danian Wash
C. danicus P1 a-c G. compressa in original
Sabah TA1.2 64.06 Da 2 NP2 C. tenuis work.
? ? ? TA1.2 ? ? ? CP1a-b P. eugubina
N. Borneo Base-Inceptions-1st Tops-Extinctions-last
85
C29N PDI-1
? TOP BASEMENT UNCONFORMITY (TBU) TOP BASEMENT UNCON. 65.0 64.75 Da 1
NP1 Base-Inceptions-1st Tops-Extinctions-last
65.5 evolutionary occurrence occurrence CoreLab evolutionary occurrence
L. Segamat Basalt Sarawak TBU Sabah TBU Chert Spilite 66.5 65.5 Volcanic Island Arc Internal Identifications by Mahani Bt Mohamed
Maastrichtian, Campanian, ? Lebir - Cini KT External Identifications by Sanatul Salwa Bt Hassan
Dinoflagellate cysts (marine palynomorphs) Identifications by Shamsudin B
Late

Melaka Straits MALAY TBU Youngest basement - late Cretaceous intrusives ZC2.2- Gravity & magnetic interpretations suggest continental metamorphics Madai- BaturongTBU limestone 65-67 Ma. Chert Lava Upwelling Older paleomagnetic MORB bands Nummulites spp.
Santonian, Coniacian, 6 deformations Wrenching along Oceanic Oceanic Accretionary Backarc Basin Foreland Basin Jirim
Turonian, Cenomanian Basins TBU Penyu - Natuna K-Ar dated 75 Ma. Host rock as old as Mid. ZC4.5 with granitic basement exist below ophiolitic complexes. (Leong, 1974; spilite/ ophiolite complexes as young as 42.5 Ma Tarakan TBU Forearc
BASEMENT (fractured), granite Tin rich granites emplaced in pre- Spreading Half Graben Smooth, thin walled
Cret.

Trench Coastal Complex Basin 2

Ridge 3 Veryhachium sp. ? Compositae sp.
99.60 OIL & GAS host rock. Bunga Basins TBU , Carboniferous. Holt, 1998) (ISIS, 2004) rift. Wrenching in Malaysia & 5 4 1 4+5 5
Hedbergella sp.
Hystrichodium furcatum
UNCONFORMITIES, shown by black cross-hatched fill, represent erosional or nondepositional time gaps or lacunae. If granite emplacement, over 100 km 3 4
5
granite host 2
Early

Albian, Aptian, Barremian, PRODUCTIO Raya-1 limestone. 3

Hauterivian, Valanginian, Paloh Fm Cretaceous UNCONFORMIT
NAM dated by biostratigraphy, they are depicted as cross-hatched filled triangles representing the duration of the time gap. of lateral offset on Lepar and Cini Oceanic Plate 5
4 2 1 Continental Lithospheric Crust SIAL 1

Berriasian (Ryazanian) N E CONDENSED CONDENSED SECTIONS are depicted by horizontal green-striped triangles, which may correlate to unconformities or
wrench relay faults. Start of
thermal event.
Motion Crust Density 2700-2800 kg/m3
5-70 kms thick Underthrust
145.50 expanded sections in other areas.et al ., 1998 color coded with respect to Sabah-Sarawak hiatuses (H) of Krebs, 2006: (1) If Juvenile CrustOceanic Mantle Lithosphere SIMA
Tithonian, Kimmeridgian, Basement consists of igneous, metamorphic & SECTION Sea level curve (SLC) Hardenbol Mantle Density 2800-3300 kg/m3
(Overthrust) Coccosphere
L.

Imbricates (Chrysophytes) Highly punctate

Oxfordian meta-sedimentary rocks. Quartz veining SLC & H ages are consistent, hiatus driven by SL & curve fill is blue; (2) If the SLC conflicts with H, then tectonics caused Gondwana Sibumasu Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORB) & Oceanic Plate Basalts
161.2 1 2 3 4 Igneous High potassium shoshonites, trachyandesites algal Neogloboquadrina
associated with hydrothermal alteration during H & fill orange; (3) If the SLC neither consistent nor conflicting with H, SLC fill purple; & (4) If relationship between SLC & Laurasia docks Magma
Continental Rift Basalts dutertrei
Mesozoic

H unknown, SLC fill is teal. 7.5 mm

Oligocene rifting / wrenching common both on/off Bentong-Bengkalis suture formed Upwelling
Mid.

Callovian, Bathonian, Alkaline Rich

SEQUENCE 3rd order Tejas sea level cycles of Haq et al. , 1988 (blue) compared to Hardenbol et al., 1998 by 2nd order
Jurassic

Middle Miocene Circa 15 MYBP Plutonic Magmatic Island Arc

Bajocian, Aalenian shore. Regional deformation occurred while EUSTATIC SEQUENCES T R transgressive & regressive cycles Hardenbol et al ., 1998 facies overlay which codes transgression (T) with turquoise fill &
forming the Bentong - Bengkalis suture, & TA 1.2 - TB 3.10 Underthrust
175.6 regression (R) greencode
SOURCES 'proven' fill. is black wing dot, 'probable' by white center wing dot. Type I lacustrine freshwater kerogens
metamorphism dated early Cretaceous or earlier; East Paleotethys E
Turbidites Decolement Sole Fault Spiny encrusted
Pollen / Spores (terrestrial palynomorphs)
& Debrites
with fracturing, in up to 6 stages of deformation, Proven Probable Possible or Unknown predicted below brown dashed line; in W. Malaysia are >22 Ma. Marine fluvio-deltaic Types II/III kerogens are predicted zippered closed from Globigerinoides
Early

C
Toarcian, Pliensbachian, conglobatus Dicyclosporis Dictyophyllidites harrisii Bosedinia Foveosporites sp.
occurring later. Basement dated late Jurassic by K- <44 Ma in E. Malaysia. comments column after Klemme et al, 1991; Hutchison, 1973-97; Hall, 2002; Madon and Boyce,
TECTONIC-EUSTATIC west to east by arrival of Antithetic (R2)
IR
Sinemurian, Hettangain Breakout Coccolith radiatus infragranulata CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART OF
Ar age of 154 +/- 5 Ma in south, while north, in Dock Rift Drift Eustatic - Climate pers. comm., 2006. Docking of Australia & India with ensuing Alpine Orogenic stages in red print, rifting (green) & Sundaland Tensile Cracks
Failure
Middle Miocene Circa 15 MYBP MALAYSIA SEDIMENTARY BASINS
199.6 Sotong B-3 tuffs, younger basement dated 139 +/- continental drift-eustatic
indicated (blue).
'P' Fracture
CARBONATES by reef symbol with blue fill and black outline regardless of lithofacies. Non-reefoidal carbonate Thrust Schematic Cross Section - Type A
PETRONAS
Sst Sst Shale Shale Shale 1
14 Ma (Robertson, report 2625). Age of High High-Low n/g Non euxinic Low IR-OR
Sundaland Indosinian Reverse Oceanic Plate Subducts Keeled
Semantan Fm. n/g Location name of reef Shale Euxinic
white outline. Reef growth stages, viz. stabilization (base), colonization, diversification & domination (crest) stages not IR below Moho melts at By Boyce after Lowell, 1985;Subduction
Lacazette, 2000; Hickman, pers. comm. Discoaster 1 2 3 4
metamorphism same age throughout area. First High IR-OR
Undiff.

Upper (Rhaetian, Norian, (Cimmerian) Orogeny Tr- Normal saipanensis ? Morozovella

Trias.

Carnian); Middle shown.

BASEMENT pre-Cenozoic rocks without established production have pink fill. If fractured & capable of production,
Synthetic (R1) Magic Isotherm
spinulosa
basement oil production from fractured basement K2 Hercynian Trias- Subduction & Magmatic Arc Back Arc Basin & Island Arc Basalts 2-4 PETROLEUM MANAGEMENT UNIT
(Ladinain, Anisian); Lower
(Olenekian, Induan). in 2005 at Anding Utara in South Malay. FRACTURED BASEMENT basement rocks shown with pink & white diamond fill. K-T weathering above 'Top Basement Units' (TBU) creates sands Devonian Pangea
C
Basalts calc-alkaline rich. Composition similar to tholelitic rich SIMA Discoaster
Pahang Fm PROVEN PRODUCTION NO PROVEN BASEMENT HYDROCARBONS Right Lateral Wrench Strain Ellipsoid E (If continetal plate subducted,
FROM FRACTURED OR UNFRACTURED BASEMENT
which at Anding Utara in SE Malay Basin produce hydrocarbons as the fractured basement. Groups I to P & older onlap Paleoenvironment Map Paleotectonic Map (Hall, 2002) 2 break-up Modified after Harding, 1974; Lowell, 1985; GMA, 2005.
decorus
(15 microns) basalts andesitic)
(about 12 microns) scale bar - about 75 microns Scale bar ~ 20 micron
BASEMENT PRODUCTION basement.
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART OF CENOZOIC & MESOZOIC BASINS OF MALAYSIA, by B. Boyce, W. Krebs, A. Fahrul, M. Irwani, R. Wong, Y. Mansor, P. Barber, R. Morley, Shamsudin Jirim, Jaizan Jais, M. Jamaal, R. Kirk, G. Meldrum, M. Pott, M. Madon, M. Ahmad, 2007. Modified after PETRONAS, 1999; PMU, PCSB, PRSS reports, 1974-2006; as listed, GSM & other assoc. publications, reports from research & service companies, PSC operator reports, comments from PETRONAS, Carigali, Petronas Research & Scientific Services (PRSS) staff; PSC operator's staff, viz. Sarawak Shell Berhad (Miri, Kuala Lumpur), ESSO Peninsular Malaysia Inc., Talisman Malaysia Ltd, Newfield Peninsula Malaysia Inc., CS Mutiara Petroleum Sdn Bhd, & Murphy Sarawak, 2003-2007; U. of Malaya (UM), National U. of Malaysia (UKM), Minerals & Geoscience Department Malaysia (JMG) (Selangor, Kuala Lumpur), U. Science of Malaysia (USM), U. Malaysia of Sabah (UMS), Minerals & Geoscience Department Malaysia (Kota Kinabalu, Kuching), 2003-2007.
2007 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS). All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright owner and authors. User acknowleges responsibility for interpretations. To obtain a copy of this chart, contact R. Wong + 603 2051-3135 or <wonghf@petronas.com.my>. VERSION I