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Abstract: In this paper the problems of separated living There are presented examples from the real house
rooms climate automatic control and the technical set (research lab figure 1) in the text. The single-family
for the data acquisition are discussed, also as the house has been built on the area of the University of the
operational processes, which deal to solve such federal armed forces Munich in 2000.
problems.
2. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS FOR
Keywords: smart home, climate control, energy THE SEPARATED THERMAL
consumption optimization, buildings automation.
ROOMS CONTROL
1. INTRODUCTION A physical model considers the thermal conditions
in the room will be discussed here and as a result the
In accordance with political and economical condition requirements for the technology.
tendencies there are few possibilities to solve followed The physical models of thermo dynamical processes
problems, which affected a country: are based on the energy balance. Equation of the
1. Optimization of the energy consumption (exploitation energetic balance in a room can be presented as :
of the potential to save energy as an act against
monopolies of the energy traders) QH + QG QGewinne = QVerluste QT + QL (2)
2. Improvement of the old types of produce and
Introduction of new possibilities to satisfy the old not there:
released problems as a way to increase the potential of
QH - Heat flow to the room from the Heating devices
markets.
QT - Heat flow due to different surface wall
One of such possibilities is a separated rooms temperature and Air temperature
climate automatic control.
Separated control of living rooms by system of heat
QL - Heat flow due to Air exchange (Heat flow for
and ventilation regulation rests itself essentially at new ventilation)
technical possibility, which have emerged owing to the QG - Heat flow due to internal Heat yields (Yields heat
progress in information technique and measurement flow) QG = Q S + Q P + Q M + Q C + Q B
technique. Problems of the instrumentation application
and needs in new research are discussed in the Q S - Heat flow due to the solar heating Q P - Heat
following. flow due to persons, Q M - Heat flow due to
machines, QC - Heat flow due to chemical reaction,
Q B - Heat flow due to lighting.
The leading control valueQH depends essentially
on QVerluste and on the variable disturbance QG . The
variation of QVerluste and QG should be
compensated through Q H .
Earlier all Buildings has been conceived so, what
QG << QVerluste was. Although an energetic
contribution of heat yields flow was important, under
the technique devices of control such fact leads to the
Fig.1 - Front view of the Building in the University of conditions presented in the formula (3).
armed forces Munich. Research lab is part links.
several rooms parameters e.g. from the position of the
QH >> QG QH + QG QH (3) room, fenestration square, occupancy of the room with
electric machines and presence of people etc.
Therefore it is near to impossible to realize a quality
Thus one could produce a relatively stable climate in
climate control in a lot of separated rooms with only one
a room during a winter [5], just by control of the whole device. The installation of such systems leads to control
building depends on slowly changeable outdoors air
of one (worst to the determined moment in sense of
temperature, and in the same time it can keep down the
thermal conditions) room. All other rooms have in this
costs of the construction. case higher air temperature, which is a reason of energy
In our time there is a big progress in energy save due
waste and worse comfort.
to passive reducing of heat leakage (Figure 2). But
Consequently it should be attempted to save energy
further passive reducing of heat leakage is not simple, by means of building shell improvement with separated
because of consequence, when the formula (3) is not
thermal rooms control.
valid.
New boundary condition for the control is the
following:
3. DATA ACQUISITION AND
PROCESSING SYSTEM
QVerluste QG QH + QG QH (4) Comfortable climate [3] is the only one valid
criterion for the separated thermal rooms control. In
KWh/ma new rooms condition the registration of physical values
Heat loss important for the thermal comfort (not only an air
temperature) is an essential task.
60 Transmission heat This means that a new control system should work
as a network between a lot of sensors and actors. A new
50 concept of such system for the private living house has
40 been developed.
The measurement instrumentation in the test house
30 has three main aims:
- Demonstration of the energy saving;
20 - Determination of the parameters for the physical
room model and
10 - Optimal thermal rooms control.
0 IInflow
1 2 3 4 Outflow Screed heating
Heat meter
50
Radiators
40 EIB
Electricity meter
Electrical
power Central ventilation
30
Living room
Electricity meter
20
Decentralized ventilation
10
IInflow
Floor convector heating
0
1 2 3 4 Heat meter
Outflow Radiator
Fig.2 - Energy loss for single family house with ca.130m2
useful area. Office