GAR IX

PHYSICS (midterm)

VECTORS
QUESTIONS
1. In order for the difference between two unit vectors necessarily to be zero, then the vectors
must
a) be perpendicular.
b) be coplanar.
c) be collinear.
d) have the same origin.

2. Is the vector = 30 + 50 120 a unit vector? Yes not Justify.

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3. Choose the correct statement.

a) The magnitude of the displacement vector is always equal to the length traveled by the
particle in a time interval.
b) The displacement and the trajectory always overlap.
c) When a particle is in motion, its displacement is always different from zero.
d) None of the above statements is correct.

4. The vectors 1 = + 2 and 2 = 3 + 3 6 are parallel,

perpendicular, neither parallel nor perpendicular. Justify.
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5. Indicate whether the following statements are true (V) or false (F).
a) The position is a scalar quantity that represents the location of a body during its
movement ( ).
b) The trajectory is a vectorial quantity that is related to the displacement of a body ( ).
c) The trajectory is a scalar quantity that is related to the distance traveled by a body ( ).

6. A particle after displacement returns to its initial position, then it is correct to state that,
a) there was no distance traveled by the particle.
b) the particle was kept at rest.
c) the net displacement of the particle is zero.
d) None of the above statements is correct.

7. Consider two vectors , = with x > 0 and = + with > 0 and > 0 . The
cross product , points in the
a) + x-direction
b) -x-direction
c) +y-direction
d) -y-direction

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 e) +z-direction
f) -z-direction
g) None of the above directions

PROBLEMS
1. In the figure, determine:
a) the vector R = 2NP + 3IB - 4CF,
b) the vector projection of NI on AD,
c) the coordinates of the midpoint of AD

2. The edeges of the cubes of the figure measures 10 cm. Determine:

a) the vector R = GK + JA,
b) the angle between AJ and KG,
c) the vector projection vector KG onto vector AJ.

3. Given vectors A = 3 i - 2 j + 4 k u and B = - 5 i + 4 j + 3 k u, find the vector C of module 10 that

is perpendicular to vectors A and B, and its component at y is positive.

4. In the figure, determine

a) the angle formed by the vectors AC and EC,
b) the vector projection of OC on CD.
It is known that AB = AE = CD = OC = OD = BE = 100 u, CB = DE = OA = 80 u.

5. A plane model airplane takes off in the direction N 60 E, elevation angle of 30 degrees. After
flying in a straight line 60 meters rotates in the SE direction, angle of depression 60 degrees,

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 and then to travel in a straight line 30 meters crashes against a tree. Determine the position
of the tree in space as a function of the units i j k with respect to the take-off point of the
airplane.

6. From the top of a building of 60 meters, using a theodolite, an angle of 15 degrees is measured
on the horizontal and a distance of 4 kilometers to the Basilica. Then if we give the theodolite
an angle of 120 degrees and we measure an angle of Depression of 12 degrees to BSL2 and
we estimate a distance of 6 kilometers. Determine:
a) Distance between BSL2 and the Baslica
b) Position of BSL2 respect the Baslica.

7. Based on the figure determine:

a) Angle formed by AC and BD
b) Projection of OC on DA

8. Two Gunmen A and B are on the same horizontal plane. B is, respect to A, at the point
(-2,0,-3)m. The gunman B throws a coin in the direction S 30 E and elevation angle of 60, and
when it travels a distance of 20m is impacted by a bullet of gunman A. Determine :
a) Direction of the shot
b) Unit vector parallel to the coin tossing direction

KINEMATICS
QUESTIONS
1. A particle moving with acceleration diferent than zero may have:
a) constant speed. Yes( ) No ( )
b) velocity zero, at some time. Yes( ) No ( )
c) constant speed. Yes( ) No ( )

2. Indicate whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
a) The position is a scalar quantity that represents the location of a body during its motion
( )
b) The trajectory is a vector quantity that is related to the displacement of a body ( ).
c) The trajectory is a scalar quantity that is related to the distance traveled by a body ( ).

3. A particle after displacement returns to its initial position, then it is correct to state that,
a) there was no distance traveled by the particle.
b) the particle was kept at rest.
c) the net displacement of the particle is zero.
d) None of the above statements is correct.

4. In a curved path, the average velocity vector

a) is tangent to the trajectory.
b) is directed towards the center of the curve.

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 c) always has the same direction as the position vector.
d) is parallel to the displacement vector.
e) None of the above statements is correct.

5. Is the slope of the tangent line to the trajectory, at all times, equal to the speed? Yes___ No
___. Explain.
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6. Could the speed of a particle increase if the magnitude of its tangential acceleration decreases
with time? Yes___ No ___. Explain.
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7. In the figure, the speed at time t1 is greater ___, less ___ or equal ___ than the speed at time
t2. Explain.

8. The position of a particle as a function of time is given by the graphs:

a) Determine the velocity of the particle at t = 2 s.
b) In the interval [0, 2] s, is the movement rectilinear or curvilinear? Explain.

9. The magnitude of the tangential acceleration of a particle decreases over time. Indicate if the
motion of the particle is accelerated or retarded when the direction of tangential acceleration
is a) equal to that of velocity .____, b) contrary to that of velocity ____.

10. A particle that moves according to the following graphs has an acceleration:

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 a) variable.
b) Constant and different than zero.
c) Equal to zero.
d) None of the above answers is correct.

PROBLEMS
1. An airplane must fly from city A to city B located 500 km to the southwest. The crew member
of a hot air balloon in the region observes that the plane is moving at a speed of 800 km / h in
direction S 30 W. The balloon is at rest relative to the air in the region. The flight of the
airplane between A and B lasts 1.2 h. In what direction does the wind blow?

2. The flag on a mast of a sailboat flutters making a 45 degree angle, as shown in the figure, but
another flag located in the house on the bank of the river stretches 30 to the southwest. If
the speed of the boat is 10 kilometers per hour, determine:
a) Velocity of the wind
b) Velocity of the wind respect to a passenger in the boat.

3. A city is 900 km north of an airport. In the region there is a wind that blows from S 30 E with
a speed of 80 km / h. What is the speed of the airplane with respect to the air if your trip lasts
2h?

4. A cell moves in the plane yz, in a straight line from A to B in 2 h, as shown in the figure. A)
What is the average speed of the mobile for this route? B) What is the position of the mobile,
with respect to C, when it is B? C) If from the mobile performs a displacement r = - 2 j + 4 km,
at what distance is A?

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 5. The pilot of an airplane wishes to return to his aircraft carrier that is anchored at 1000 km in
the direction E 53.13 S. The aircraft carrier is informed that he is blowing wind towards the
SW with a speed of 100 km / h. If the pilot returns in 4 hours, determine the wind speed with
respect to the airplane pilot. Consider that the plane flies in the same horizontal plane of the
aircraft carrier.

6. A boat wants to go in 2 minutes from A to B, distant 500 m. The current has a speed of 5 m/s.
Determine the velocity with respect to the current with which the boat must exit from point
A. Consider that these motions occur in the xy plane.

7. A man walks on a speedboat with a speed of 4 km / h towards the O (x-axis). The propeller of
the boat takes it to 15 km / h towards the NE. The tide and wind take the boat to the S (axis
y) with a speed of 5 km / h. Determine the speed of man with respect to ground.

RECTILINEAR MOTION
QUESTIONS

1. In Uniform Rectilinear Motion,

a) the trajectory must necessarily coincide with one of the Cartesian axes.
b) the path can be located in space.
c) the particle can advance through a segment and return through it.
d) None of the above statements is correct.

2. Select the correct statements for Uniform Rectilinear Motion (more than one answer is
possible):
a) The displacement can be zero.
b) The position versus time graph is a line parallel to the time axis.
c) The average speed is equal to the instantaneous velocity.
d) None of the above statements is correct.

3. A particle moves according to the graph. Indicate at what instant the particle returns to its
initial position.

4. A projectile is launched vertically upwards with an initial velocity 0 . When the projectile
reaches the highest position, the magnitude of

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 a) velocity and acceleration are zero.
b) speed and acceleration are different from zero, but constant.
b) the speed is zero and the acceleration is constant.
d) None of the above answers is correct.

5. The position versus time graph for a body that is thrown vertically upwards is
a) a horizontal line.
b) an inclined line.
c) a parabola.
d) None of the above statements is correct

PROBLEMS
1. A stone is dropped from a high precipice and a second later it is thrown another stone
vertically downwards with a speed of 18 meters per second. At what distance below the
highest point of the precipice will the second stone reach the first?

2. A child on the floor of an elevator that descends at a constant speed of -10 J meters per second
jumps to a height of 50 centimeters above the floor. How far is the elevator going while the
child reaches the floor again?

3. A motorist travels on a straight horizontal road with a speed of 90 km / h, when he sees an

obstacle 50 m ahead. If it takes 0.4 s to apply the brakes and when it does decelerate uniformly
at a rate of 5 m / s2, determine: a) if it hits the obstacle, b) if so, how fast it does, c) with what
constant acceleration Minimum must be braked to avoid collision.

4. From the terrace of a building a stone is dropped. A girl who was in one of the windows of the
building realizes that the stone passes from the upper frame of her window to the bottom arch
of her window (2.5 meters) in 0.15 seconds Determine the distance from the terrace to the
frame Bottom of the window.

5. A car moves so that its speed changes over time as shown in the figure. A) Determine the
average velocity of the car from t = 0 to t = 10 s. B) Plot the approximate position against time
for the entire path of the car, considering that at time t = 0 was at the origin of the reference
system.

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 PARABOLIC MOTION
QUESTIONS
1. Consider a heavy projectile moving on an arc due to gravity. As it reaches the highest point in
its arc, what can we say about the speed and acceleration of the object?
a) The speed and magnitude of the acceleration are zero.
b) The speed is at a minimum.
c) The magnitude of the acceleration is at a minimum.
d) Neither the magnitude of the acceleration nor the speed is minimized.

2. For a parabolic orbit under the influence of gravitation,

a) the magnitude of the velocity can be determined from the
slope of the tangent line to the graph of y vs. x but not the
direction
b) the magnitude and direction of the velocity can be
determined from the slope of the tangent line to the graph
of y vs. x
c) the magnitude and direction of the velocity cannot be
determined from the slope of the tangent line to the graph
of y vs. x
d) the direction of the velocity can be determined from the slope of the tangent line to the
graph of y vs. x but not the magnitude

3. Two bodies are launched vertically upwards with the same initial velocity but separated 4
seconds.
a) What time has elapsed since the first one was launched to be found again?
b) How far above the ground will they meet?
c) What are the speeds of each in the moment of encounter?

4. Which of the following propositions is necessary and sufficient to define a parabolic motion?
a) 0 0 and the acceleration is constant.
b) 0 0, a = g and 0 = g.
c) 0 = 0, a = g and 0 g.
d) 0 0, a = constant and non-collinear 0 with .

5. Indicate whether the following statements regarding parabolic projectile motion are true or
false.
a) The speed varies linearly over time. T___, F___.
b) The projectile falls freely. T___ F___.
c) The acceleration of the projectile varies during the motion. T___, F___.
d) The speed decreases when it rises and increases when it goes down. T___, F___.
e) The motion is uniformly varied. T___, F___.

6. Is it possible to have a parabolic motion of a particle, where the speed always increases? Yes
___, no ___ Explain.
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 PROBLEMS
1. A ball is fired at an angle of 60 above the horizontal and strikes a tree when it is still ascending
at a speed of 7 m/s, which forms 30 above the horizontal. Determine:
a) the distance to which the tree is located,
b) the height at which the ball crashes.

2. An archer shoots an arrow with a speed of 30 m/s and a 35 angle on the horizontal, to hit it
in a tree that is 50 m away.
a) At what height, measured from the floor, the arrow will be nailed?
b) What angle will the arrow with the tree form?

3. A projectile is fired horizontally with a speed of 100 m/s. Determine the position of the
projectile respect the launching point in the instant in which the magnitude of tangential
acceleration is 75% to magnitude of normal acceleration.

4. With a rifle, which points to a target A, a projectile is fired with some rapid v0 and launch angle
. Simultaneously, the target is dropped. If the horizontal range of the projectile is greater
than the distance d, determine: a) If the projectile hits the target, b) If it hits the target,
calculate after what time.

5. From the edge of the terrace of a building, at time t = 0, a ball is thrown with a speed of
50 m/s and with an angle of 30 on the horizontal. The ball hits the street, with an angle of
40 under the horizontal. Determine: a) the time at which the impact occurs, b) the position
of the point of impact, with respect to the point of launch.

CIRCULAR MOTION
QUESTIONS

1. If the magnitude of the velocity remains constant and always forms an angle of 90 with the
acceleration, which of the following statements is correct?
a) The movement is parabolic.
b) The movement is Uniform Circular Motion.
c) The movement is Circular Motion Uniformly Varied
d) None of the above statements is correct.

2. A particle moves with Uniform Circular Motion. Then, the angle between speed and
acceleration, as time
a) increases, if the movement is counterclockwise.
b) decreases, if the movement is schedule.

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 c) remains constant.
d) None of the above statements is correct

3. For Uniform Circular Motion, in each period

a) the average speed is different from zero.
b) the displacement is nonzero.
c) the average speed and the displacement are zero.
d) No previous answer is correct.

4. The particle in the figure moves with constant velocity v during the interval 2 1 = 2 .
The average acceleration vector is zero ____, nonzero ____. Justify analytically.

5. In Uniform Circular Motion, the sum of the tangential and normal accelerations has magnitude
a) constant
b) not constant
c) zero.
d) No previous answer is correct

6. In the Circular Motion Uniformly Varied

a) tangential acceleration is zero.
b) the tangential acceleration is constant and nonzero.
c) the tangential acceleration is not constant.
d) No previous answer is correct.

7. The direction of the centripetal acceleration at point P is

a) 0.5 i + 0.866 j.
b) - 0.5 i - 0.866 j.
c) 0.866 i - 0.5 j.
d) None of the above is correct

8. For Circular Motion Uniformly Varied it is satisfied that

a) the modulus of tangential acceleration is variable.
b) the modulus of normal acceleration is constant.
c) the modulus of the total acceleration is constant.
d) None of the above statements is correct

PROBLEMS
1. A particle moves with UCM in the clockwise direction. At t = 2 s, it passes through a point A of
coordinates (-3, - 4) m, with a centripetal acceleration of magnitude 5 m/s2. Determine: a) the
position at t = 0, b) the space traveled from t = 0 to t = 2 s, c) period and frequency.

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 2. A particle moves, with tangential acceleration of constant magnitude, by a circumference of
15 cm of radius. If the particle starts from rest when = 270 , it rotates counterclockwise and
reaches an angular velocity of 900 rpm, in 20 s; For the instant t = 1 s, determine: a) the angular
position, b) the tangential acceleration, c) the centripetal acceleration.

3. A particle moves with uniformly varied motion, in the opposite direction of the hands, on a
circumference of 2 m radius. When t = 0, it is at point P and its speed is 2 m / s. Then, when t
= 3 s, it has a normal acceleration of magnitude 12.5 m / s2. For t = 3 s, determine: a) the angle
of instantaneous acceleration with velocity, b) the vector position of the particle, in terms of
i and j.

4. A particle moves along a circumference of 2 m radius. At time t = 0, it is at point A and moves

as shown in the figure, with a velocity v = 20 m / s and with an angular acceleration of 2 rad /
s2. For the particle, determine: (a) the mean velocity in the range of 0 to 2 s, (b) the
acceleration when t = 2 s.

5. A particle moves counterclockwise by a circumference of 2 m radius in the xy-plane, such that

at time t = 2 s it passes through the 2-position im, with an acceleration Of-3 i + 4 j m/s2. If the
magnitude of the tangential acceleration of the particle is constant, determine: a) the angular
acceleration, b) the instantaneous velocity t = 2 s, c) the angular velocity at time t = 0, d) the
instantaneous angular position t = 0.

6. A motorcycle, whose wheels have a diameter of 60 cm, moves with a speed of 72 km / h, when
it is located 50 m from a red light. The driver applies the brakes and decelerates evenly until
he stops, right at the traffic light. Determine: (a) the angular velocity of the wheels at the
moment of braking, (b) the angular acceleration modulus of the wheels, (c) the total number
of revolutions of each wheel, it stops.

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