SIMPLE PRESENT

(auxiliars: do-does)

Things we usually do.

Structure:

+ verb in simple + complement

present
We always play soccer .

We dont play soccer on Mondays.

Do we play soccer every Saturday?

*Yes, we do.
*No, we dont.
Note:
When we conjugate verbs with the
third person (he, she, it) we add s,
es, ies.
Diego never plays soccer.

Diego doesnt play soccer on

weekends.

Does Diego play soccer every

Friday?
*Yes, he does.
 *No, he doesnt.
CONJUGATION OF VERB WITH HE, SHE,
IT.

es ies s
We add es When a verb The rest of
when a verb finishes in a the verbs.
finishes with consonant + He loves
s, ss, y It runs
sh, ch, He cries She
x z or o She flies plays
He It tries He reads
watches She He rides
She guesses studies
He washes
He
It mixes
carries
She goes

TIME EXPRESSIONS (SIMPLE PRESENT)

Always
Usually
Often
Seldom Frequency
Adverbs
Sometimes (before the verb)
Rarely
Never
 Every day
Every Monday at the end of the
sentence
Every week
SIMPLE PAST
(auxiliar: did)

Actions that happened in the past.

Structure:

+ verb in simple + complement

past
We played soccer yesterday.

We didnt play soccer last Friday.

Did we play soccer an hour ago?

*Yes, we did.
*No, we didnt.
Note:
We use did with all the subjects.
TIME EXPRESSIONS (SIMPLE PAST)
Yesterday
Two hours ago
 Last Friday
The day before yesterday

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(auxiliars: am-is-are)

Actions that are happening at this

moment.
Structure:

+ am-is-are+ verb in gerund +

complement
ing
We are playing soccer at this
moment.

We arent playing soccer right now.

Are we playing soccer now?

*Yes, we are.

*No, we arent.
Note:
am is are
 I he, she, it we, you, they
TIME EXPRESSIONS(PRESENT
CONTINUOUS)
at this moment
right now
now

PAST CONTINUOUS
(auxiliars: was-were)

*An action that was happening at a

specific time in the past.
Structure:
+ was-were + verb in gerund +
complement
ing
We were playing soccer yesterday
at 5 oclock .

We werent playing soccer last

Friday morning.

Were we playing soccer an hour

ago?
*Yes, we were.
*No, we werent.
Note:
 was were
I, he, she, it we, you,
they
TIME EXPRESSIONS (PAST CONTINUOUS)
Yesterday at 5:00
Last Monday in the morning
Yesterday at noon.

FUTURE WILL
(auxiliar: will)

Actions that will happen in the future

(not sure).
Structure:

+ will + verb in simple form +

complement
We will play soccer tomorrow.

We wont play soccer next Sunday.

Will we play soccer the day after

tomorrow?

*Yes, we will.

*No, we wont.
Note:
The negative form of will is wont
* will not = wont
TIME EXPRESSION (FUTURE )
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next month
In two hours

FUTURE GOING TO
(auxiliars: am-is-are)

Actions that are going to happen in

the future ( for sure).

Structure:

+ am-is-are + going to + verb in simple

form + complement.
We are going to play soccer
tomorrow.

We arent going to play soccer

next Sunday.
Are we going to play soccer the
day after tomorrow?

*Yes, we are.
 *No, we arent.
Note:
am is are
I he, she, it we, you,
they

PRESENT PERFECT
(auxiliars: have-has)

To talk about experiences.

Structure:

+ have - has + verb in past participle +

compl
We have played soccer many
times.
We havent played soccer since
last week.
Have we played soccer for two
hours?

*Yes, we have.
 *No, we havent.
Note:
have has
I, you, we, he, she, it
they

TIME EXPRESSIONS

SIMPLE PRESENT FUTURE WILL

always next Sunday
usually next month (etc)
sometimes in two days
often
seldom
rarely FUTURE GOING TO
never next Sunday
every Monday next month (etc)
every week (etc) in two days
SIMPLE PAST
yesterday PRESENT PERFECT
last Friday once
last year (etc) twice
 an hour ago three times
two_____ ago (etc) many times
several times
PRESENT a lot of times
CONTINUOUS already/yet/just
right now since/for
now
at this moment

PAST CONTINUOUS
Yesterday at 5:00
Last Monday at
11 oclock

ZERO CONDITIONAL
Aux (dont doesnt, isnt arent)
We use Zero conditional to express
general truths.
Conditionals have two clauses:
If clause Main Clause
Simple present Simple Present

If we heat water at 100 degrees, it

boils.
 If I dont do my homework, my
teacher is angry.

If Mariana studies hard, she passes

her exams.

What does your mom do if you dont

do your homework?

FIRST CONDITIONAL
Auxiliar (will-wont, do-does)
We use First Conditional for warnings,
offers and future possibilities.

If clause Main Clause

Simple present Will (future)
 If you study , you will pass your
exams.

We will miss the plane if you dont

hurry up.

If Marcela wins the Spelling contest,

her mother will give her a prize.

What will your mom do if your

sister doesnt pass her exams?

SECOND CONDITIONAL
AUX. (would)
We use Second Conditional to describe an
unlikely (not possible) or impossible
situation in the present or in the future.
(imagination is involved)
It can also be used to give advice.
 If clause Main Clause
Simple Past would + verb in
simple form

If I lived in the sky, I would sleep

on a cloud.

If Ximena didnt do her homework,

her parents wouldnt give her a
prize.

We would go to the concert if we

had enough money.

What would your mom do if you didn

t pass your exams?

THIRD CONDITIONAL
Also called: Past Unreal Conditional
Auxiliar (would have)
We use the Third Conditional to talk about
an event or situation that didnt happen in
the past.
 If clause Main Clause
Past Perfect would + have+verb in
Had+ verb in past past participle
participle

If I had studied for my exams, I

wouldnt have failed them.

If Yoali hadnt won her diploma, her

parents wouldnt have felt proud of
her.

What would have your parents done if

your sister hadnt passed her exams?

PAST PERFECT
We use it to talk about two actions
that happened in the past, but one of
them happened before the other.
STRUCTURE:
+ had + verb in past +
complement +
Participle
 +Verb in + complement
Simple past

I had done my homework when my

mother arrived.

When Susan saw the accident, she

had crossed the street.

My teacher had given her class

when the principal called her to her
office.

PASSIVE VOICE (PRESENT)

We use it when the action is more
important than the person who does
the action.
STRUCTURE:
. + am-is-are + verb in +
complement
past participle

The apple is bitten by my mom

That car is driven in a high
speed.
The children are scolded because
they didnt do their homework.

PASSIVE VOICE (PAST)

STRUCTURE:
. + was-were + verb in +
complement
past participle

The apple was bitten by my mom

That car was driven in a high
speed.
The children were scolded
because they didnt do their
homework.