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7-day production period and rice straw is assumed to be in standard dimensions of 1.00 m 1.00
m 1.00 m with the moisture content of 8 %. The needed amount of raw material is
7 = 100, 000 7
[6.1]
= ,
According to Kadam et al. (2000), the rice straw has low bulk density after harvest is about
50 - 120 kg/m3. The average of these values is used as the bulk density (bulk) which is about 85
7
= 1 3
700,000
= 1 3
85 3
[6.2]
= , , ,
The volume of every bale is taken as 1 m3 means that the total number of bales is just equal
[6.3]
= ,
Rice Straw stacking (h) is limited only to a height of six bales or 6m for safety purposes.
The needed storage surface area (A) for 6 meter stacking height is:
8,235 3
= [6.4]
6
= .
= 1373 2 [6.5]
= .
The stacks are arranged in a manner that there will be a T-shaped free space with a width
of 5 meters for easiness in bale reclamation by forklifts as shown in Fig. 6.1 below.
37.00m
18.50m
With additional 5 meters in both sides for working clearance plus a vertical clearance of
2.5 meters from the top of the bale stack to the start of the roofing, the dimensions of the storehouse
will be:
= 37 + 5 =
[6.6]
= 37 + 5 =
= 6 + 2.5 = .
Shown in Fig. 6.3 in the succeeding page is the 3-dimensional representation of the
Chaff cutter machine mainly cuts the large stalks of rice straw into smaller stalks with built-
in auto feeder and an installed outlet belt. The machine has the specialties of steel structure, small
volume, light weight, convenient transport. The roller drive shaft is the rotary shaft coupling,
compact structure, flexible operation, convenient disassembling. The model is purchased from
Xinxiang City Cihang Machinery Co., Ltd. having the following specifications found in Table 6.1.
Model 9Z-9A
Equipment electric machine 15 kW
Equipment Diesel Engine 28 hp
Productivity 3-20 T/h
Power 2.2 kW
Size 1750 mm x 1310 mm x 2518 mm
Weight 900 kg
Length of straw cutter 10, 12, 18, 25, 35 mm
Source: www.alibaba.com
The working principle of the grinder mill is that the small stalks obtained from the chaff
cutter machine will be fed to crushing room through the feeder, under the impact/crash of high
speed rotating hammers, the raw materials will be crushed rapidly, then go through the screen
reducing its size to 40 mesh and be sucked to the outlet. The equipment that will be used is readily
available and to be supplied by the Xinxiang Hengfu Electronic Machinery Co., Ltd having its
Model 9FQ-36
Rotor Diameter 360 mm
Motor 5.5 7.5 kW
Power
Diesel Engine 10 hp
Main Shaft Speed 4600 r/min
Crushing Room Width 202 mm
Hammer Quantity 12
Screen Size 0.5 5.0 mm
Weight without motor 100 kg
Dimension 850 mm x 630 mm x 800 mm
Capacity 500 650 kg/h
Source: www.alibaba.com
The Organosolv pretreatment reactor requires a pressure reactor with enough volume to
allow the components to mix thoroughly at an elevated temperature of 160 0C. The equipment
specifications required for the production matches accordingly with what De Dietrich Process
Systems offers. Their Clamped-Top Heat-jacketed pressure reactors provide a removable top to
allow it to be cleaned properly before the next cycle of production. The reactors are also glass lined
to allow protection against the acids used. Reactor specifications are discussed in detail in the
Table 6.3.
Figure 6.6 Organosolv Pretreatment Reactor
Table 6.3 Organosolv Pretreatment Reactor Specifications
The rectangular vibrating screener is special type of screener that can separate chemical
containing slurry that is compose of ethanol, sulfuric acid, water and rice straw. It is coated with
acid resistant coating and can screen solids with a mesh number of 40. It can separate both wet and
dry biomass and is used in filtering the solids after pretreatment. The model comes from Shanghai
Lipu Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. The equipment specification is listed on Table 6.4.
Model GT1230
Motor power 2 1.5 KW
Vibrating frequency 1450 rpm
Sieve diameter 0.1 - 2 mm
Capacity 15 - 45 t/h
Overall dimension (L x W x H) 3438 mm 1880 mm 2308 mm
Weight 2.55 T
Source: www.alibaba.com
6.3.3 Distillation Column
Stainless steel ethanol distillation column is composed of tower reactor, tower body,
condenser, chiller, buffer tank and high-order position storage tank. It is suitable to alcohol
recovery of the pretreated biomass. The parts which contact material all made by stainless steel
with good decay resistance and could be used for a long time. The equipment is purchased at Oklu
Metal Taahhut Ticaret Limited Sirketi having its specifications in Table 6.5.
Model JH500
Kettle Volume 2500 L
Height 7000 mm
Volume Of High Level Tank 2000 L
Condensation Area 18 m2
Cooling Area 4 m2
Heat Transfer Area 10 m2
Recycling Ability 280 300 kg/h
Recycling Concentration > 90 %
Packing Type Stainless steel corrugated packing
Weight 4000 kg
Dimensions (L x W x H) 3000 mm 1200 mm 9000 mm
Source: www.alibaba.com
Conveyor belt dryer is used to dry pretreated biomass after screening. The equipment is
purchased at Shangyu Xinye Foodstuff Machinery Co., Ltd. with a modified specification. The
temperature used in drying is only 50C with regards with the ethanols volatility. The detailed
specification is listed at Table 6.6. It uses steam to dry the rice straw.
Figure 6.9 Conveyor Belt Dryer
Type DW-1.2-8
Quantity of unit 4
Belt width 1.2 m
Length of drying section 8m
Thickness of raw material 60 mm
Operation temperature 50-140 C
Steam pressure 0.2-0.8 MPa
Steam consume 120 - 300 kg/h
Drying time 0.2 - 1.2 h
Drying strength 60 - 160 kg/h
Power equipped 11.4 kW
Overall Dimensions (L x W) 9.56m x 1.49m
Source: www.alibaba.com
6.3.5 Reboiler
Reboiler is a special heat exchanger, which can exchange heat and has a vaporization space.
Its structure is similar to the condenser, but one is used to cool, and then the boiling device is used
to heat vaporization. This equipment is used to supply steam to the conveyor belt dryer that is
needed to dry the pretreated biomass. It will be acquired from Wuhan Qiaoxin Refrigeration
The reactor for liquefaction requires a pressure reactor with agitator and heating jacket to
mix thoroughly the components at temperature of 150 0C. The reactor is glass lined to be corrosion
This equipment is used to supply steam for the jacket of the reactor in order to provide
heat. It will be acquired from Wuhan Qiaoxin Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd.
Dosing unit will be acquired from Wuxi Virgil Machinery. It is equipped with a series of
control systems capable of ensuring proper functionality and optimum performances in any
condition of use.
Isocyanate and polyol are pumped under high pressure into a high-pressure mixing head.
Inside the mixing head the isocyanate and polyol collide at extreme velocities inside the mixing
chamber, this is referred to as impingent mixing. The resulting high speed collision creates
turbulence inside the mixing chamber, this turbulence mixes the reactants. The mixed reacting
The reactants collide at extreme velocities inside the mixing chamber. This is referred to
as impingement mixing. The resulting high speed collision creates turbulence inside the mixing
chamber, this turbulence mixes the reactants. The mixed reacting fluid exits the mixing head and
Meter pump unit is composed of an AC motor, magnetic coupling, metering pump with
relief valve, flow meter, high pressure sensor, low pressure sensor, air release valve and Gap-Type
The hydraulic unit supplies hydraulic power for mixing head, high-low pressure exchange
valve and so on. It is composed of an AC motor, hydraulic pump, pressure controlled valve block,
heat exchanger, filters, accumulator, and pressure switch with display and hose system.
The dosing tank units are connected to the main tank farm where isocyanate and polyol are
automatically pumped. This ensures constant amount of raw material for continuous production
process. The tank unit has functions such as stirrer, level control, temperature control, feeding
It is composed of one cabinet with PLC and panel brand Siemens, a safety line with two
It allows unreacted isocyanate and polyol to flow back in the dosing tank units.
It allows the flow of raw material from the main tank farm.
6.6 Unwinding Unit Equipment
The hydraulic decoiler is used to uncoil the the roll of zinc coating galvanized steel
coil/steel roll that is bought from Qingdao Qinyuan Steel Co., Ltd. The capacity of the equipment
can hold up to 10 tons of steel sheets. Two decoiler is used to produce the upper and lower part of
the sandwich panel. The equipment will be acquired from Suhang Company.
Roll forming machine will be acquired from Shanghai Zhongji Machinery Manufacturing
Co., Ltd. It is equipped with leveling bolts in the base for adjust the leveling. The machine base
frame adopt H beam welding steel and the stand adopt wall panel structure, the panel thickness is
18mm.
Double belt press machine is a specific type of equipment used in the production of
polyurethane panels for the wall accounting both the polyurethane and stainless steel with it. It can
manufacture 24 m of sandwich panel that will be cut by a specific cutting tool. It is supplied by
Shanghai Zhongji Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. with a detailed specification listed on Table
6.12.
The band sawing machine will be acquired from Henghua Pipeline Technology. This used
Source: www.alibaba.com
This is master sandwich panel horizontal stretch wrapper machine and spiral wrapping
machine with automatic material cutting and sealing station specialized for packing horizontal
objects such as sheets, doors, The wrapped package is well-protected & sealed & looks more tidy.
The wrapping machine can be connecting to the packing line for automatically wrapping. The
model comes from Shagnhai Fhope Machinery Ltd. The equipment specification is listed on Table
6.16.
Figure 6.23 Sandwich Panel Packing and Wrapping Machine
Table 6.15 Sandwich Panel Packing Machine and Wrapping Machine Specifications
Reinforce aluminum cast-solid ring with strong structure makes steady in wrapping. The
four-ring & double-PU wheel devices make working more safe stable & energetic. The higher
level main board with stronger structure and frame for wrapping.
6.7.2 Conveyor
Structure of the conveyor will protect the surface of the product. Automatic infeed
conveyor system and outfeed conveyor system and also it is driven by motor with gear box.
PLC and program makes machine able to do automatic wrapping according packing goal.
The operation is Interface HMI and photocell sensor is adopted for setting packing position and it
It is an automatic material feeding and cutting device and also for material clamping for
next product to be wrapped. It has a sensor and PLC program control. This device makes machine
The band sawing machine will be acquired from Hangzhou Kuangbo Machinery
Equipment Co., LTD. This is a stainless steel tank specialized for storing ethylene glycol.
30 = 13, 778.55 30
= , .
The volume of the storage tank is given by the following computation knowing that the
density of ethylene glycol to be ethylene glycol = 1,100 kg/m3 (ASHRAE Handbook, 2006):
30
= [6.6]
= 375.78 3
Source: www.alibaba.com
This storage tank is made of fiberglass reinforced plastic specialized for storing chemical
corrosive liquid such as concentrated sulfuric acid. It has corrosion resistant inner layer, transition
layer, filament winding strengthening layer and the outer protective layer. It is characterized as
light weight, high strength, impermeable, heat insulation, insulation, non-toxic and smooth surface.
Also, it has the virtue of pressure proof, corrosion resistance, anti-aging, long working life. The
model comes from Shijiazhuang JHR Import & Export Co., Ltd. The equipment specification is
30 = ( ) (30 )
30 = (228.40 + 12.27) 30
= .
The volume of the storage tank is given by the following computation knowing that the
density of ethylene glycol to be sulfuric acid = 1,840 kg/m3 (ASHRAE Handbook, 2006):
30
= [6.7]
= 3.92 3
Diameter dimension: 4m
Length 12m
Volume 6000 L
Source: www.alibaba.com
30 = 7,355.93 30
30 = 220, 677.9
The volume of the storage tank is given by the following computation knowing that the density of
30
= [6.8]
220, 677.9
=
789 3
= 279.69 3
Source: www.alibaba.com
30 = (2, 451.98 + 33.47 ) 30
30 = 74, 563.5
The volume of the storage tank is given by the following computation knowing that the density of
30
= [6.9]
74, 563.5
=
1000 3
= 74.56 3
Model LCG
Source: www.alibaba.com
6.8.5 Polyol (Liquefied Biomass) Storage Tank
30 = (15, 000) 30
30 = 450, 000
The volume of the storage tank is given by the following computation knowing that the density of
30
= [6.10]
450, 000
=
1019 3
= 441.61 3
Model LCG
Source: www.alibaba.com
30 = (3346.885) 30
30 = 100, 406.55
The volume of the storage tank is given by the following computation knowing that the density of
30
=
[6.11]
100, 406.55
=
1019 3
= 98.53 3
Model LCG
Source: www.alibaba.com
30 = (1008.46 ) 30
30 = 30,253.8
The volume of the storage tank is given by the following computation knowing that the density of
[6.12]
30
=
30,253.8
=
923 3
= 32.78 3
Source: www.alibaba.com