Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, 60 (1): 221-250 (2005)

Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin:

pattern of transgression and localisation of main straits
through the magmatic arc

Jean Claude VICENTE

Laboratoire de Tectonique, Universit P. & M. Curie-Paris 6. Case 129, F 75252 PARIS Cedex 05, France.
E-mail: vicente@lgs.jussieu.fr

RESUMEN. Paleogeografa dinmica de la cuenca jursica andina: diseo de la transgresin y localizacin de los principales
estrechos a travs del arco magmtico. La evolucin paleogeogrfica de la cuenca de retroarco andina jursica es examinada a escala
global en los Andes Centrales. En este trabajo, se llama la atencin sobre la continuidad y la persistencia del arco volcnico activo.
Evidencias sedimentolgicas, tanto directas como indirectas permiten localizar el borde occidental (insular) de la cuenca opuesto al
borde oriental (cratnico). Un nfasis especial es puesto en los depsitos volcaniclsticos y estructuras sinsedimentarias asociadas
con este borde insular. Se concluye que la actividad del arco magmtico ha contribuido considerablemente en el suministro de
sedimentos a la cuenca. La extensin y continuidad del arco permite ubicar los estrechos que conectaban con el Paleopacfico. Una
verificacin sistemtica de la edad de las transgresiones acoplada con un anlisis de facies secuencial provee una perspectiva
dinmica del proceso transgresivo. Los sectores con una ingresin temprana permitieron distinguir dos golfos principales del pasaje
a travs del arco, en los cuales el mar avanz longitudinalmente al mismo tiempo tanto hacia el norte como al sur, en un surco
profundo de retroarco: el primero a la latitud de Taltal (25S), y el segundo a la latitud de Curepto (35S). Ambos se iniciaron en el
Trisico y se extendieron durante el Hettangiano. La evolucin como cuencas separadas (Tarapac and Aconcagua-Neuqun)
finaliz con la fusin en el Pliensbaquiano medio dando lugar a una cuenca continua y alongada desde el Chubut hasta el norte de
Per. La remarcable continuidad y lo angosto de la cuenca andina no deja dudas de su control tectnico. Esto configura su ambiente
geotectnico como una tpica cuenca de retroarco adyacente a un arco magmtico muy activo y explica la extrema movilidad de su
margen insular caracterizado por una enorme ola volcaniclstica con flujos de detritos y turbiditas asociadas.

Palabras clave: Cuenca andina, Jursico, Arco volcnico, Paleogeografa, Margen insular, Retroarco.

ABSTRACT. The paleogeographic evolution of the Jurassic Andean retroarc basin is examined at a global scale for the Central
Andes. In this paper, it is called for the striking continuity and lasting of the active volcanic arc. Both direct and indirect
sedimentologic evidences allow to locate the western border (insular) of the basin and opposite it with the eastern border (cratonic).
Emphasis is placed on the volcaniclastic deposits and synsedimentary structures associated with this insular border. It is concluded
that the arc magmatic activity has contributed considerably in sediment supply to the basin. Extent and continuity of the arc
implies to locate the straits connecting with the Paleopacific. Systematic check of the time of transgressions coupled with
sequential facies analysis provides a dynamic outlook of the transgressive process. Sectors with early transgression allow to
distinguish two main gulfs of passage through the arc from which waters have progressed lengthwise at the same time northward and
southward in a narrow retroarc furrow : the first at latitude of Taltal (25S), the second at latitude of Curepto (35S). Both initiated
in the upper Triassic and extended during the Hettangian. The evolution as separate basins (Tarapac and Aconcagua-Neuqun)
ended by fusion in middle Pliensbachian giving rise to a continuous elongated basin from Chubut to northern Peru. The remarkable
continuity and narrowness of the Andean Basin leaves no doubt about its tectonic control. This stems to its geotectonic setting as
a typical retroarc basin adjacent to a very active magmatic arc and explains the extreme mobility of its insular margin characterized
by a huge volcanoclastic apron with associated debris flows and turbidites.

Key words: Andean basin, Jurassic, Volcanic arc, Paleogeography, Insular margin, Retroarc.

Introduction and variable according to different authors. Maps usually

Critical analyses of recent paleogeographic maps of the
Neuqun Basin marine Jurassic (Riccardi 1983, Rosenfeld
1983, Gulisano 1992, Legarreta and Uliana 1996) show large
differences between the known eastern (cratonic) and wes-
tern (insular) margins. Whilst the eastern margin is rather well
delineated through time, the western margin remains uncertain
0004-4822/02 $00.00 + $00.50 2005 Asociacin Geolgica Argentina
show a basin open to the west where communication with the
Pacific Ocean is barely interrupted locally by the Jurassic
volcanism of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera (see Riccardi 1983,
fig. 12), But, following ideas anticipated by Chotin (1976) and
laid out by Digregorio et al. (1984), the basin is given a
retroarc position. The only map depicting a western border of
the basin was published by Riccardi and Gulisano (1990, their
222
fig. 2), based on the present-day distribution of marine
Jurassic (Araucanian Synthem), it has no paleogeographic
implications.
In our opinion, all these schemes diminish the importance of
the volcanic arc that during the Jurassic limited the basin on
the west. However, the concept of a Marianas-type arc-
backarc system characterising the active western margin of
the South American continent, has been widely accepted due
to the studies of Coira et al. (1982), Davidson (1984),
Mpodozis (1984), and Mpodozis and Ramos (1990). The first
paleogeographic sketch map considering a well defined
magmatic arc-retroarc basin pair is that of Hallam et al. (1986)
but his was for the Tithonian. In fact, the only maps picturing
genuine continuity of the volcanic arc along the entire
Andean margin during the Jurassic are those of Zambrano
(1987, his fig. 2), Urien et al. (1995, their fig. 5) and Pindell and
Tabbut (1995, their fig. 1 and 2). At regional level must be
mentioned the facies assemblage map presented by Prinz
(1986, his fig.2) for the Bajocian by latitude 21-25S of the
chilean Norte Grande. There is also the indefinite repre-
sentation by Legarreta and Uliana (1996, their fig. 9c) in their
paleogeographic reconstruction for Pliensbachian-Lower
Toarcian of pyroclastic and volcanics west of Neuqun Basin
at the frontier with Chile by latitudes 38-39S.
This is due to three main reasons:
1) Accessibility: The succession showing the relationship
between the Chilean volcanic and the Argentinean sedi-
mentary series south of 33S, is located along the Principal
Cordillera frontier, i.e., in the highest area with the most
difficult access.
2) Tectonic: As a result of the detachment of the Andean
series of the external fold and thrust belt at the level of the
Oxfordian gypsum (Vicente 1972; Cristallini 1996), the pre-
Oxfordian Jurassic is underrepresented towards the west.
Exceptions are some Callovian-Oxfordian tectonic sheets
found at the base of some gypsiferous diapirs (Gonzalez 1963,
Thiele 1980,Vicente, 1972, Ramos 1985 a, b, Godoy 1993, Ra-
mos et al., 1993, Alvarez 1996 a, b, c, Alvarez et al. 1996,
Pangaro et al. 1996, Buhler et al. 1996) or related to some
basement highs on which the Jurassic has been preserved
(e.g. Cordillera del Viento, Portezuelo Ancho). Furthermore,
within the Andean belt, the Argentine-Chilean boundary
region is characterised by the Chilean volcanic succession
overthrusting towards the east the Argentinean sedimentary
succession. Due to this Major Andean overthrusting (Vi-
cente 1970, 1972, 1993 and 1998) most of the western half of the
retroarc Andean Basin is tectonically overprinted.
3) Stratigraphy: On the Cordilleran Chilean slope, the
Andean successions are unconformably covered, towards the
west and up to the coast, by the thick Upper Cretaceous
(Viita Formation), Tertiary (Abanico Formation) and Miocene
(Farellones Formation) volcanogenic successions that form
the so called Andean synclinorium.
In spite of these limitations, the boundary region south of
33S seems to be a key area to solve problems of paleo-
geographic and tectonic relationships between the Chilean
and Argentinean successions. Further north, the obliquity of
the Jurassic paleogeography (NNW-SSE) with respect to the
present day morphostructural directions (N-S), places the
J. C. Vicente
transitional zone within the Chilean slope, where, due to the
basement folds, the Jurassic is exposed in several belts,
offering additional solutions to those found in the southern
region.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the facies at the boun-
dary between Argentina and Chile, together with the
longitudinal changes in age of transgressions and regre-
ssions. Recognition of the relative continuity of the Jurassic
volcanic arc, location of some major straits through it and
typification of the transgressive and regressive patterns will
improve our knowledge of the Andean Basin dynamic.
The starting point of this study is our detailed unpublished
analysis of the High Cordillera of San Juan and Mendoza
between latitudes 3130 and 3300S (Fig. 1, 2 and 3a, b),
where important east-west facies changes are evident (Fig. 4)
within a relatively complex tectonics. This has made us aware
of the limitations of the lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the
Neuqun Basin and the preference of using instead ages and
facies sequences (Vicente 1975). That is why in the following
we will speak quite exclusively of facies and ages and will
mention formations just for information. As I think, the
complexity of regional stratigraphic nomenclature does not
contribute to clarify the topic and often has a chrono-
stratigraphic overtone that may be harmful for the charac-
terization of diachronous events. So that, we refer those
interested by more details on lithostratigraphy to the Riccardi
and Damborenea (1993)s Jurassic Stratigraphic Lexicon of
Argentine and also the updated Legarreta and Uliana (1999)s
Chronostratigraphic Jurassic Charts for the Main Cordillera
and Neuqun Basin.
In the process we will proceed systematically, starting from
the studied area, which benefits from detailed microfacies
analysis, and then extending progressively the discussion to
adjacent areas. Information on these areas is not only from
bibliography, but also from personal observations, especially
with regard to sedimentological features.
Figure 1 depictes the main morphostructural units of the
western part of the Cordillera and the areas covered by the
various paleogeographic maps included in this paper. Limits
of the geographic regions of Argentine, Chile and Peru are
also drawn. It is worth mentioning that the main areas of the
Principal Cordillera are usually named after a city or after one
of their drainage systems.
Concerning the paleogeographic maps, they are in strati-
graphic order despite the fact that reasoning and extra-
polation from the study area lead often to mention them in a
different order insofar as generalization proceeds from the
well-known to the least-known. As for the various scales used
in the maps, they reflect the different degrees of knowledge
and generalization for the specified stages.
Permanence and continuity of the andean volcanic arc
Indirect evidence: the High Cordillera of San Juan and
Mendoza
In this region (3130-33S), it is possible to separate (Fig.
4), eastern successions (Espinacito, Los Erizos, and Los Sa-
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin... 223

Figure 1: Locality map showing main Andean morpho-

structural units of interest and areas covered by paleo-
geographic maps included in this paper. Distinctive Main Cor-
dillera (= Principal or Western Cordillera) is hachured; CR=
Coast Range; CV= Central Valley; Limits of Provinces
(=Departments or Regions) of Argentine, Chile and Peru are
also indicated.
224 J. C. Vicente

Figure 2: Distribution of marine Jurassic

outcrops of the Andean Basin between latitudes
30 and 36S and location of the study area of
the High Cordillera of San Juan and Mendoza as
well as the complementatry areas of Los Pingos
and Nacientes del Teno.
A special pattern is used for the complementary
volcanic and volcanogenic outcrops of the Coast
Range which include moreover Upper Triassic
series.
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin... 225

Figure 3: a) Marine Jurassic outcrops in the High Cordillera of San Juan and Mendoza; b) Main Jurassic coast lines on the eastern (cratonic) border
of the Andean Basin between latitudes 3125 and 33S.
1: Pliensbachian ; 2: Lower Toarcian ; 3: Upper Toarcian ; 4: Aalenian ; 5: Bajocian ; 6: Callovian ; 7: Lower Oxfordian ; 8: Upper Oxfordian ;
Continuous line: transgressive ; Dashed line: regressive.Note that spacing of coast lines indicates a gentler slope in the North than in the South.
Moreover, Oxfordian coast lines in Puente del Inca area are transgressive with respect to Bajocian ones.

pos types) that indicate the basins eastern border, from a
western belt of outcrops (Alma Negra type) with deeper facies
characterised by early transgression and late regression. This
belt of deeper facies is tentatively considered as represen-
tative of the basin axis, in spite of uncertainties on the
amplitude of overthrusting involved in the Major Andean
Overthrust (Vicente 1993 and 1998) and on the overprinted
proportion of the basin. Alvarez (1997) recorded also lon-
gitudinal facies changes for the Los Patillos Formation.
Figures 3a, b and 4 summarise the principal results on this
area and the resulting paleogeographic problems. Besides the
clear narrowing of the basin towards the north, the defined
facies belts establish clearly the eastern border, but does not
indicate the western margin. This leaves the important
question of the relationships with the remote Jurassic
volcanics of the Chilean coast (Thomas 1958, Vicente 1976)
(Fig. 2).
However, some indirect evidence of the existence of an ac-
 226

Figure 4: Marine Jurassic type-series of the High Cordillera of San Juan and Mendoza: E-W facies variations on the cratonic border.
1: Conglomerates and coarse sandstones (litharenites) ; 3: Fine sandstones with calcareous cement (bioclastic sublitharenites) ; 4: Cross-bedded sandstones ; 5: Bioclastic sandstones ; 6: Sandy
calcarenites (sparites) ; 7: Bioclastic calcarenites (biosparudites, biosparites) ; 8: Oolithic and pisolithic calcarenites (oosparites, oncosparites) ; 9: Nodular calcilutites (pelmicrites and
fossiliferous micrites) ; 10: Dolomites (dolosparites) ; 11: Calcilutites (micrites) ; 12: Lutites and siltites ; 13: Gypsum and anhydrite; BA: includes Bajocian and Bathonian stages.
Note significance of facies transverse changes which impose to differentiate 5 type-series in less than 15 km, and the limitations of lithostratigraphic nomenclature. In fact, only the type-serie
V has some analogy with the classical Neuqun succession.
J. C. Vicente
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
tive volcanic arc immediately to the west of the area indicates
the western border of the basin. Thus, the thick Kimmeridgian
continental conglomerates (Ro Damas Formation), which
overlie the western marine series (Ro de los Teatinos, Arroyo
Cencerro, Arroyo de los Gemelos, etc.), attest to the erosion
of a very important andesitic volcanic arc and topographic
high located more to the west. Furthermore, this arc was
located on a pre-Andean basement, as indicated by some
typical late Late Paleozoic pink hololeucocratic granite clasts
collected in the detritus (Mpodozis et al. 1976).
Direct evidences
On the contrary, direct evidences of an active Jurassic
volcanic arc are present in the neighbourhood of Los Pingos
(31S) and Nacientes del Teno (35S) i.e. on both sides of our
study area (Fig. 2).
Nacientes del Teno area: At the latitude of the Cordillera de
Curic (35S) there are two major facies belts (Davidson 1971,
Davidson and Vicente 1973, Davidson 1988).
The eastern facies are developed on the Argentinean
slope, where the Ro Atuel area is the most representative
(Groeber et al. 1952, Volkheimer 1970, Riccardi et al. 1988 and
1991). The classical succession has a lithology similar to our
Alma Negra type. It shows a Late Triassic Early Jurassic
transgression, a lower detritic sequence (Cuyo Group =
Lower-Middle Jurassic) and an upper carbonatic sequence
(La Manga Formation = Oxfordian). The detritic material,
mostly coarse at the base (conglomerates) and fining to the
top (fine sandstones, siltstones and pelites), has its exclusive
source in the erosion of the eastern foreland basement
(Permo-Triassic volcanics and Devonian graywackes)
(Volkheimer 1970).
The western facies are represented on the Chilean slope of
the international boundary, where they crop out due to a
basement high in the headwaters (Nacientes) of the Ro Teno.
The Nacientes del Teno Formation (Klohn 1960) is very
different from the previous succession (Fig. 5). It is charac-
terised below by an Aalenian late transgression (Davidson
and Vicente 1973), and by facies which, in the Bajocian,
consist of a volcanoclastic set of breccias, andesitic gray-
wackes and greenish tuffaceous microconglomerates with
pyroclastic turbidites, slumps and olithostrome levels with 50
cm large exotic blocks of andesites (Davidson 1971, his
photograph 5). The volcanoclastic material of this western
facies, as well as its granulometric gradient, decrease
eastwards, indicating an important western volcanic activity.
Direction of slumps also shows steep slope to the east, i. e.,
toward the basin axis (Davidson 1988). All this, together with
late transgression, indicates that the Nacientes del Teno fa-
cies belong to the relatively unstable basinal western margin,
and represent the transition to an emergent area abundant
plant remains with active volcanism.
Los Pingos area: To the north (Fig. 2), at the latitude of
Cordillera de Ovalle (31S), the basins western margin was
well defined during the Aalenian (Mpodozis et al. 1973,
Mpodozis 1974, Rivano 1975 and 1980). At that time, the rather
227
narrow basin (12 15 km) was almost completely filled by
flows of porphyritic andesites, partly submarine (pillow lavas)
and by a coarse volcaniclastic set of breccias, conglomerates
and flows coming from the Northwest (Rivano 1975, Rivano
and Mpodozis 1976) (Fig. 6). These deposits are clear diffe-
rent from those coming from the east, which consist,
exclusively, of pre-Andean granitoids and rhyolites.
Trace of the Jurassic Andesitic Volcanic Arc
The fact that on both sides of our study area the western
margin of the Andean basin shows thick andesitic volca-
niclastics coming from the west supports the existence of a
Jurassic andesitic volcanic arc as western fringe of the
Andean basin. The problem is to know the extent of such arc
along the Central Andes (18S 43S).
North
The first markers as indirect evidences occur at the latitude
of Cordillera de Vallenar, where Hillebrandt (1973) and
Hillebrandt and Westermann (1985) described Bajocian
porphyrites, andesitic breccias and tuffs in the western
succession (Quebrada La Totora or Chanchoqun, 2845S).
Along the Ro del Carmen, Nasi et al. (1990) described in Que-
brada El Verraco (2905S) and Quebrada Guachacn (2922S)
an andesitic volcanic sequence (Verraco Strata) intercalated
by some fossiliferous limestones which yielded an
Ammonoidea indet., what suggests a Liassic volcanic activity
in the region. At the latitude of Precordillera of Copiap,
Toarcian-Bajocian andesitic conglomerates in the Quebrada
Amolanas (28S) (Jensen and Vicente 1976), as well as
volcanic sandstones and sandy calcarenites with abundant
volcanics in the Callovian of Quebrada Paipotito (27S) (Cis-
terna and Vicente 1976), have been recorded. Immediately to
the west are Bajocian flows of porphyric andesitic breccias in
the sedimentary volcanics of Sierra de Fraga (Davidson et al.
1976).
It is in the coastal area of the Norte Grande where the
most representative exposures are present. Conforming with
the oblique alignment of the Jurassic paleogeography with
respect to the present day morphostructural units, most of the
Coastal Cordillera north of Taltal (2524S) is formed by a thick
andesitic succession, attesting to the activity of this arc. This
is the famous La Negra Formation (Garca 1967), very well
developed in the Antofagasta region (2345S), where it is
more than 10.000 m thick with alternating flows of andesites,
mafic andesites, alkaline basalts and interbedded volcanic
breccias, agglomerates and volcanic arenites. This impressive
Lower-Late Jurassic formation shows intermediate volcanism,
evolving from tholeiitic to calcalkaline and alkaline and
attesting to an active subduction zone (Marinovic et al.
1995). This arc gives full support to the name La Negra Arc
(Cisternas and Vicente 1976, Jensen et al. 1976). Furthermore,
considering that at the latitude of Taltal the arcs borders are
well established: immediatly SW of Taltal, in Playa Los Bron-
ces (7032W), the main volcanic sequence lies on volca-
noclastic sediments which yielded Arnioceras sp. and
 228

Figure 5: Marine Jurassic outcrops and type-serie of the Nacientes del Teno area (adapted from Davidson, 1971). The section is representative of the western Nacimiento-Vergara sector.
J. C. Vicente
 Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...

Figure 6: Marine Jurassic outcrops and type-serie of the Pingo area (composed from Mpodozis, 1974 and Rivano, 1975; lithostratigraphic units from Rivano, 1980).
229
230
Coroniceras sp. of Lower Sinemurian age (Covacevich 1985),
while the eastern border is at the meridian of Sierra Candeleros
(6927W), where Naranjo and Covacevich (1979) described
flows of porphyric andesites with pillow structures in the
Bajocian-Callovian, we conclude that the arc width is close to
100 km.
South
Important pyroclastic material, characterising the Early-
Middle Jurassic, exists in the Chacay Melehue area (7035W,
3715S), south of Cordillera del Viento (Zollner and Amos
1973, Rosenfeld and Volkheimer 1980, Gulisano and Gutirrez
Pleimling 1995, Surez and De La Cruz 1997). It consists of
true pyroclastic turbidites with numerous slumps and levels
with andesitic olistoliths (Rosenfeld and Volkheimer 1980). A
few measurements of slump folds indicate a slope to the
south-east. In the Aalenian there are channelized bodies of
massive sandstone and microconglomerates, besides dish
structures and the orientation of the oblique bedding indicates
a paleocurrent direction towards the south-east. All this, and
the proximal facies confirm the proximity to the west of the ac-
tive volcanic arc. Furthermore, immediately to the west (Arro-
yo Michic and Chacay Melehue area) porphyritic volcanic
flows are interbedded in the Lower Jurassic succession
(Zollner and Amos 1973, Gulisano and Gutirrez Pleimling
1995).
At the latitude of Ro Agrio, near Loncopu (7035W,
38S), there are important pyroclastic flows within the
Callovian, including fluxoturbidites and olistostrome levels
with imbrication of clasts indicating a western or northwestern
origin (Rosenfeld and Volkheimer 1980).
Chotin (1975) reported andesitic breccia flows with pillow
structures, interbedded in Middle Jurassic strata, at the 39 S
latitude, immediately to the east of Lago Alumin, in the Cerro
Mallin de los Caballos section (7145S), and further north in
Lonquimay (3830S), levels of andesitic conglomerates and
tuffs, attesting to proximate contemporaneous volcanic
activity to the west. Surez et al. (1988) reported for the Icalma
region (3848S), the existence of a submarine volcanic-
sedimentary complex with pillow flows and pyroclastic
breccias alternating with Pliensbachian-Toarcian fine bedded
shales. Next is the Alumin Formation (3915S), a typically
volcanic-sedimentary set of rhyolites, andesites and dacitic
tuffs with Early Jurassic fossiliferous marine intercalations
(Cuerda et al. 1981). To the south, the formation is correlated
with the Piltriquitrn Formation cropping out with similar
features in the Bolsn region (42S) of the northern Pata-
gonian Cordillera (Lizuan 1980 and 1999).
It is also important to stress the surprisingly close lithologic
similarities between the Futaleuf Group, described by Thiele
et al. (1979) at the 49S latitude of the Patagonian Cordillera,
and the La Negra Formation of Northern Chile. The former is
a 2000 m thick volcanic-sedimentary set, mainly of andesitic
and dacitic flows, breccias and tuffs, with an important
fossiliferous marine intercalation (Tres Monjas Formation),
250-300 m thick of Middle Jurassic shales, tuffs, volcanic
arenites and a calcareous level with Ostrea. Furthermore, to
the west, this level becomes volcanic, in some cases with
pillow structures.
J. C. Vicente
On that basis, there are evident similarities of this group
with the andesitic volcanics of the Montes de Oca Formation
described by Gonzlez Daz (1979) more to the north in the
Lago Nahuel Huapi region (4030 41S), previously
described as Huemul Group by Gonzlez Bonorino (1974,
1979) and the Cerro El Fuerte Formation of Greco (1975) in the
Cerro Tronador geological map. These last two units, despite
the fact that they are strongly metamorphosized by Upper
Cretaceous and Miocene intrusives (Gonzlez Daz and
Valvano 1979, Diez and Zubia 1981, Gonzlez Daz 1982), have
usually two members, a lower one mainly volcanic with dacitic
and andesitic flows, and an upper one mainly volcano-
sedimentary with black shales, volcanic arenites,
conglomerates and tuffs, i.e. a succession quite similar to the
Futaleuf Group.
Finally, immediately to the south at the latitude of lakes La
Plata and Fontana (4430S), Ramos (1976) described the Lago
La Plata Formation resting, to the east, on marine Early
Jurassic (Malumin and Ploszkiewicz 1976) and overlain by
the marine Tithonian of Arroyo Pedregoso (Tres Lagunas
Formation) (Ramos and Blasco 1978). It is possible to
conclude that this north Patagonian Jurassic volcanism
represents the Middle and, in part, the Upper Jurassic,
resulting in Hallers et al. (1981) reference to a Middle to
Upper Jurassic Volcanic Association.
These few examples indicate the extension and continuity
to the south, at least up to 43S latitude (Diez and Zubia
1981), of the andesitic volcanic arc bounding the Andean
basin to the west. It should be mentioned that beginning at
latitude 40S there are dacitic components, which would
indicate an axial evolution of this volcanism to more acidic
types (Haller and Lapido 1980).
This volcanism largely surpasses the Cordillera region and
characterizes large areas of extra-Andean Chubut from Sierras
of Tecka and Tepuel (Haller et al. 1981) to Pampa de Agnia
(Nullo 1983). In the last area, two major volcanic sets are
usually recognized: a Lower Jurassic inferior one (Puntudo
Alto and El Cordoba Formations) and a Middle Jurassic upper
one (Lonco Trapial Formation), separated by Upper Lower
Jurassic marine deposits (Osta Arena Formation). Especially
worth mentioning are, in the eastern region, the numerous
marine intercalations of volcanic arenites with bivalves in the
upper part of El Cordoba Formation (Nullo 1983). They
represent important lateral facies changes, attesting to the
gradual drowning of an active andesitic arc with a relatively
complex archipelago paleogeography. This explains the
multiplicity of the local stratigraphic nomenclature.
These studies indicate a Patagonian Jurassic arc about 200
km wide, representing the prolongation to the south of the
Andean arc and corroborates the obliquity of the Jurassic
paleogeography with respect to the present day geography.
Volcanic zonation and the double-arc
Our study area and its paleogeographic organization during
the Jurassic (33S), show the importance of comparing the
andesitic volcanism of the western basin border at this
latitude with the rhyodacitic volcanism of the Chilean coast
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
(Vicente 1976). Although contemporaneous, they are spatially
separated. Thus we have proposed a long time ago (Vicente
1976) to distinguish two belts within the Middle Jurassic
Andean Arc (Fig. 7):
1) A Western belt, characterized by a dominantly acid
volcanism with keratophyres, defining a rhyodacitic volcanic
arc of calc-alkaline type with tholeiitic tendency;
2) An Eastern belt, characterized by a mainly andesitic,
typically intermediate volcanism, defining an andesitic
volcanic arc of calc-alkaline type with alkaline tendency.
This differentiation of the magmatic backbone in a double
arc, agrees with the classical observation of increasing
alkalines towards the foreland, characterizing the insular arcs
(Kuno 1959, Sugimura 1968, Hatherton and Dickinson 1969).
This zonation of the volcanic arc completes the structural
scheme of the Andean margin for the Lower and Middle
Jurassic. We now appreciate the importance of the interme-
diate magmatic backbone separating the western
successions, with features of subsiding and volcanized
platform, transitional to the sedimentary succession of the
open-Pacific domain (El Meln sector), as a forearc basin. It
should be stressed that the structural scheme shown by the
Aconcagua transect (3240S) is the most completely known.
Due to the slight obliquity of the Jurassic paleogeography
relative to the present day topography, the northern compo-
nents of the western rhyodacites extend offshore, so that the
andesitic arc remains only in the coastal chain, whilst
southwards the Pliocene-Quaternary deposits of the Chilean
longitudinal valley and the Cordilleran Upper Cenozoic
volcanics cover most of its supposed extension. Never-
theless, the presence of acidic facies in the North Patagonian
Cordillera south of 40S may be interpreted as the conti-
nuation of the rhyodacitic western arc, whilst the andesitic arc
mainly characterizes the Chubut Precordillera.
General implications
The Andean basin shows strong asymmetry between the
western (insular) margin, unstable and with steep slope
(slumps, olisthostromes, pyroclastic turbidites), and the
eastern (cratonic) margin, relatively stable and with a weak
slope (Fig. 8).
Existence of an active apparently continuous volcanic arc
that acted as a barrier to the Pacific Ocean contradicts the
requirement for oceanic connections of the Andean basin.
We will therefore analyze global basin evolution along the
Central Andes in order to spot the potential seaways through
the arc.
Evolution of the andean basin during the lower
jurassic: the transgressive process
Latitude of study area (3130 33S) Paltechioceras cf. oosteri (Dumortier) (Hillebrandt 2002) in
In the High Cordillera of San Juan and Mendoza the
transgression starts very likely in the Early Pliensbachian
(Fig. 4). The Alto Mondaca and Arroyo Ventisquero Mesa
sections, belonging to the outcrops of the westernmost belt
231
(Alma Negra type), yielded Arieticeras sp. (Margaritatus
Zone). As the fossiliferous level is 80 m above the section
base, the transgression may have begun in the earliest
Pliensbachian. In the Ro de Los Patos type section Volkeimer
et al. (1977) mentioned Protogrammoceras ex gr.
normanianum 48 m above the base documenting there again
the Upper Pliensbachian. Therefore, Sinemurian levels appear
to be missing at this latitude.
North
High Cordillera of Ovalle and Elqui region (31
2930S): The transgression is dated here as Pliensbachian
and perhaps Late Sinemurian as attested by the following
reference points:
- Los Pingos (3054S, 7032W), southeast of Ovalle.
Mpodozis (1974) and Rivano (1975) recorded a poorly
preserved ammonite which Hillebrandt (2002) dated as Late
Sinemurian.
- Ro Mostazal (3045S, 7034W), southeast of Ovalle.
Mpodozis (1974; cf. Mpodozis and Cornejo, 1988) recorded
Trigonia (Frenguelliela) tapiai Lambert, a species dated as
mainly Pliensbachian by Prez and Reyes (1977). According
to Hillebrandt (2002) the transgression is dated in the whole
area as Late Sinemurian.
- Quebradas Matahuaico and Tres Cruces (3005S,
7036W), east of Vicua. Hillebrandt (2002) recorded Late
Sinemurian-Pliensbachian ammonites.
- Portezuelo de la Punilla (2941S, 7012W) and Los
Cuartitos (2938S, 7011W). The transgression in the whole
area is dated as Late Sinemurian by Hillebrandt (2002).
High Cordillera of Vallenar area (2918 2845S): In the
Ro Transito region of the High Cordillera of Vallenar, the
transgression is clearly Late Sinemurian (Hillebrandt 1971,
1972, 1973 and 2002)) (Raricostatum Zone) along the central
belt of outcrops (7018W) from Quebrada La Papa to Quebra-
da Pinto (Fig. 11). Furthermore, the westernmost (Cerro Tatul,
Quebrada Las Pircas, Vega Redonda and La Plata) and
easternmost (Ro Plata, Cerro Picudo) belts have
Pliensbachian transgressions (Hillebrandt 1973). Thus, the
belt characterised by a Late Sinemurian transgression is at
most 15 km wide at this latitude (Jensen et al. 1976), which,
taking into account the tectonic shortening of 40% assessed
by Reutter (1974), indicates that the narrow neo-Sinemurian
channel had at most a width of 25 km but narrowed rapidly to
the south (Fig. 10). Although Sinemurian it is still present at
30 31S (Quebrada Matahuaico and Mina Los Pingos)
(Hillebrandt 2002).
Southern area of the Copiap Precordillera (2820
2750S): This region still shows a Late Sinemurian trans-
gression. Basically the Raricostatum Zone is represented by
Hacienda Manflas, but Hillebrandt (1970) also indicated the
presence of some fragments of Oxynoticeras sp. as repre-
senting the Oxynotum Zone. As these levels are about 100 m
above the base of the succession (Jensen 1976), it is possible
to assume that the lower sandstones and calcarenites without
 232

Figure 7: Diagrammatic paleogeographic section through the Andean continental-margin arc-trench system during Bajocian (from Vicente, 1974 and adapted to Dickinson and Seelys, 1979
terminology).
1: Pre-Bajocian cover and pre-Andean basement (continental crust) ; 2: Keratophyres and quartz-keratophyres lava flows ; 3: Andesitic volcanism ; 4: Volcarenites and lithic tuffs ; 5: Lutites ;
6: Calcarenites ; 7: Red beds ; TSB : Trench-slope basins.
J. C. Vicente
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
Figure 8: Intrinsic dissymmetry of the Retroarc Andean Basin and facies framework.
Note difference between the insular border, steeply and subsiding (active) and the cratonic border, fairly stable with slight bottom subsidence
(passive). Not to scale.
ammonites could be Lower Sinemurian (Jensen and Vicente
1976). More to the South, in the head of Ro Manflas the Salto
del Toro profile (2820S) yielded an Epideroceras of Late
Sinemurian (Hillebrandt and Schmidt-Effing 1981).
Northern area of the Copiap Precordillera (2730 -
2620S): The Sinemurian is represented here by an
assemblage with Arnioceras cf. A. rejectum Fucini. and
Asteroceras cf. C. confusum Spath (Sowerby), characterising
the Obtusum Zone, found by Hillebrandt (1973 and 2002) in
the Yerbas Buenas section (2718S 6937W), south of Ce-
rro La Ternera. Also present is the Raricostatum Zone, with
Orthechioceras angustiumbilicatum Hillebrandt and O. cf. O.
incaguasiense Hillebrandt (Hillebrandt 1973 and 2002). At this
latitude the presence of Upper Sinemurian becomes perma-
nent: thus the Oxynotum and Raricostatum Zones have been
recorded in Vega Redonda (2709S, 6939 W) east of La
Puerta (Cisternas and Vicente 1976), the Raricostatum Zone
with Orthechioceras cf. O. incaguasiense Hillebrandt in Que-
brada Paipote (Hillebrandt 2002) and in the middle part of
Quebrada Asientos (Montandon area, 2623S, 6925W) at
the Chaaral latitude (Prez 1978 and 1982).
It is now possible to define the two margins of the late
Sinemurian marine channel (Jensen et al. 1976). Three sections
are specially important in this respect (Fig. 11):
- The Juntas del Ro Copiap area (28S), where the western
belts of Tranque Lautaro and Manflas with a Late Sinemurian
transgression differ from the eastern belt of Iglesia Colorada
with a Pliensbachian transgression (Jensen 1976; Jensen and
Vicente 1976).
- The San Andrs-Quebrada Paipote area (27S), where,
compared with the San Andres-Vega Redonda-Quebrada Yer-
bas Buenas belt, the La Guardia-Ro Figueroa-Vega La Junta
eastern belt has a Pliensbachian transgression (Hillebrandt
1973; Jensen 1976; Davidson et al. 1978), as in the La Puerta-
Quebrada Paipotito western belt (Cisternas and Vicente 1976),
whilst farther west, Sierra de Fraga was reached by this
transgression only in the upper part of the Lower Bajocian
(Davidson et al. 1976, Seplveda and Naranjo, 1982,
Hillebrandt 2000).
233
- The Quebrada Asiento area (2623S), where the
Sinemurian Montandon belt (Prez 1978) opposes the eastern
Pedernales belt (Hillebrandt 1970) and the western Ro La Sal
(Hillebrandt 1973) Chaaral Alto (Oviedo 1977) belt with a
Pliensbachian transgression.
In summary, the Late Sinemurian belt of the Copiap
Precordillera was at most 20 km wide (Jensen et al. 1976) and
even was less than 10 km in width at the Quebrada Asientos
latitude, due to tectonic causes (Garca 1967). Thus,
estimating a tectonic shortening in the order of 25% (Jensen
1976) the basin would have had an original width of about 25
km.
Cordillera Domeyko area (2536 - 2430S): Surveys
carried out in Cordillera Domeyko show that at the Quebrada
Incaguasi latitude (2536S, 6915W) (Hillebrandt 1970 and
2002), the transgression can be dated as Late Sinemurian
(Raricostatum Zone) on the basis of Plesechioceras
domeykoense and Orthechioceras incaguasiensis Hillebrandt
spp. However, the presence of some Phylloceras sp. and
Lytoceras sp. would indicate deeper depositional
environments (Fig. 11) than those found in the Copiap
Precordillera, where leiostracans are absent, whilst bivalves,
gastropods and brachiopods dominate.
This suggests that the transgression began there earlier.
Thus, 30 km to the north, on the western flank of Sierra de
Vaquillas Altas (2520S, 6914W), the Hettangian is repre-
sented (Naranjo and Covacevich 1979, Chong and Hillebrandt
1985, Hillebrandt 1990 and 2000a) by the presence of
Psiloceratinae and Schlotheimiinae and the Lower Sinemurian
by Arietitidae. Furthermore, 25 km to the north at 2507S
latitude begins the Sierra de Varas region, the classic area of
the Hettangian since the studies of Chong (1973, 1976 and
1977), Hillebrandt (1973 and 2000), Quinzio (1987) and Ardill et
al. (1998). Localities such as Quebrada Punta del Viento
(2507S, 6915W), Quebrada Las Mulas (2507S, 6910W),
Aguada Vizcachas (2502S, 6913W) ), Quebrada Bonita
(2459S, 6912W), Aguada El Minero (2453S, 6912W))
and Aguada de Varas (2449S, 6910W) yielded ammonites
of the Bayoensis, Reissi and Canadensis Andean Zones,
234 J. C. Vicente

Figure 9: Distribution and

paleogeography of marine Upper
Triassic (Norian) deposits on the
western margin of Gondwana between
latitudes 3 and 37S.
Note the difference between
terrigenous deposits of the Chilean
Margin and carbonate deposits of the
precursor Peruvian Trough fed by the
Olmos Gulf.
The proposed connection between
Puno and the Bolivian subandean zone
is based on the discovery of Monotis
aff. subcircularis in the Vitiacua
Formation (YPFB-GEOBOL, 1978).
At Abancay the base of Pucara Group
is not exposed (Marocco, 1975) but
all evidence suggests that the Upper
Triassic must be represented, just as in
Puno where the lowermost Sinemurian
levels of Lagunillas Group are
inquestionably deep (Vicente, 1981).
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin... 235

Figure 10: Taltal Gulf as evidenced by Upper Triassic and Hettangian coast lines.
236 J. C. Vicente

Figure 11: Upper Sinemurian

paleogeographic outline of
the Andean Basin between la-
titudes 25 and 30S.
Note northward widening and
deepening of the basin,
southward Glove-finger
ending and probable existence
of a communicating straith at
Taltal latitude.
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
representing according to Hillebrandt (2002), the Liasicus
Zone and part of Angulata Zone.
At this latitude, the width of paleontologically dated
Hettangian outcrops is more than 30 km, without considering
tectonic shortening that in this part of the Precordillera is
estimated to be 50% (Chong 1973 and 1976).
Thus, three major facies belts are recognised (Fig. 10): a
western shaly one, centred in Sierra Argomedo (6920W); a
central sandy one, at the western slope of Sierra de Varas
(6910W); and an eastern one, at the eastern foot of Cordillera
Domeyko (6906W) where conglomerates and sandstones in
association with coral facies are dominant (Chong 1973;
Hillebrandt 1973). This arrangement indicates a wesward
increase in depth, whilst the coral facies marks the eastern
basin margin.
The studies of Chong and Hillebrandt (1985), Grschke and
Hillebrandt (1985) and Hillebrandt (1990 and 2000) show
clearly that in this area the transgression began in fact in the
Late Triassic. They pointed to an outstanding series of Upper
Triassic fossiliferous outcrops along the Cordillera Domeyko
between 26 and 2330S, i. e., for a distance of about 300 km
with a width of about 20 km at the latitude of Sierra Argomedo
(2445S). The marine Triassic is mostly in carbonated facies,
highly littoral, with abundant corals (Thecosmilia sp.),
brachiopods (Zugmayerella sp., Clavigera sp. and
Spiriferina sp., bivalves (Minetrigonia pascoensis
(Steinmann), Myophorigonia paucicostata (Jaworski),
Perugonia lissoni (Steinmann), Cassianella sp., Septocardia
peruviana (Cox), Palaeocardita peruviana (Cox),
Schfhaeutlia americana (Cox), Liostraea sp., Gryphaea sp.)
and gastropods (Chartronella spp.). Deeper, finely laminated
sandy facies, follow above transitionally to the Hettangian.
Within this succession, Norian and Rhaetian levels were
recognised by the presence, respectively, of Arcestes and
Choristoceras. On the contrary, to the north-west, from Sierra
Minillas in the south to Cerros de Cuevitas in the north, the
marine Hettangian rests on continental Triassic.
Baquedano area (2340 23S): The last known
Hettangian belt lies 130 km to the NW, in the Baquedano area.
The outcrops of Cerros de Cuevitas (2838S) south of
Baquedano (Ferraris and Di Biase 1978, Di Biase 1985,
Hillebrandt 2000a), with Psiloceras sp., Kammerkarites cf.
diploptychoides Guex Discamphiceras cf. reissi and
Laqueoceras sp. at the base, as well as those of Sierra de
Rencoret (23 20 S) to the north (Tobar 1966, Hillebrandt 2000)
with Psiloceras cf. minillaensis Hillebrandt, are clearly
uppermost Lower to Middle Hettangian. These outcrops lie
farther westly than those of Sierra de Varas. This location,
together with the Late Sinemurian early transgression, 60 km
to the east, in the Cerritos Bayos area (6910W) (Baeza 1976
and 1979, Hillebrandt 2002), implies a remarkable north-
western deflexion of the Hettangian coast and a retreat to the
west of nearly 75 km (Fig. 10). However, is worth mentioning
the presence of Hettangian with Psiloceras sp. in the Cerros
de San Lorenzo (2226S, 6902W) west of Calama (Elger
1998, Hillebrandt 2002) and some outcrops along the western
slope of Sierra Moreno as Quebrada Chug Chug (2206S,
6907W) and Quebrada Sama (2123S, 6959W) with succession exhibits a remarkable increase in thickness to the
237
Hettangian ammonites (Hillebrandt 2000), whilst west of
Quillagua there are levels with Late Hettangian-Early
Sinemurian ammonites (Maksaev and Marinovic 1981). These
recent discoveries so corroborate the previous record by
Niemeyer et al. (1985) of Psiloceras sp. at the base of Quebra-
das Cuchita-Cortaderas section (2121S), in the central-west
area of their Cerro Yocas Geological map. That suggests the
northward continuation of a narrow Hettangian furrow at
least up to this latitude (Fig. 10).
Northernmost Chile and southern Peru (2023
1550S): Further to the north, the few known outcrops
indicate a transgression in the Sinemurian. Where the follo-
wing fossils were recorded: Arietites sp. in the Longacho
Formation (2023S, 6921W) north of Pica (Galli 1957, Galli
and Dingman 1962) and Arietites and Arnioceras at the base
of a correlative formation in Quebrada Aroma (1932S,
6918W) near Chismiza (Garca 1967).
Finally, in southern Peru, Arnioceras and Asteroceras are
present at the base of the Pelado Formation in the Palca area
(1748S, 6954W) northeast of Tacna (Wilson and Garca
1962, Salinas 1986), and Arnioceras sp., Vermiceras sp.,
Metophioceras ? sp. and Crucilobiceras ? sp. occur in the
calcareous lower unit of the Lagunillas Group cropping out
west of Puno (Portugal 1974, Vicente 1981). These deposits
even have been recognized as far as Curahuasi (1336S,
7238W) at the NE of Abancay, and have yielded some
Asteroceras sp. of the Upper Sinemurian (Ligarda et al. 1991).
Taltal Hettangian Gulf: Thus, it is evident that a Hettangian
strait or an entrance gulf should be placed between 23 and
2610S latitude (Fig. 10). In this connection, the existence of
marine Hettangian in the Coastal Cordillera, precisely between
Paposo (2501S) and Chaaral (2615S) (Cecioni 1960, Ortiz
et al. 1960, Zeil 1960, Garca 1967, Mercado 1980, Naranjo and
Puig, 1984) is significant, i. e. the classic Pan de Azcar
Formation (Ortiz et al. 1960, Naranjo 1978a), well exposed in
Sierra Minillas (2610S), Quebrada Pan de Azcar, Quebrada
Cachina, Posada de los Hidalgos and Quebrada Cifuncho
(2335S), which rests unconformably on continental Triassic
and Paleozoic basement. This formation has yielded an
abundant fauna (Covacevich in Naranjo 1978b) of the Lower
to Middle Hettangian (Primocostatum to Reissi Zones =
Planorbis to Liasicus Zones) and of Schlotheimiidae (Zeil
1960, Covacevich in Naranjo 1978b, Hillebrandt 2000) of the
Middle to Upper Hettangian (Peruvianus to lower Canadensis
Zones = upper Liasicus to Angulata Zone). In the equivalent
Paposo Beds (Arabaz 1971, Ferraris 1978, Quinzio 1987) of
northern Taltal, Chong (1973) has demonstrated the important
lithologic analogies with the so called western facies of Sie-
rra Argomedo.
South of Sierra de Minilla, at about 2609S latitude, within
the Pan de Azucar Formation, there are strong facies changes
to the east, so that at the crossing point of the Pan-American
Highway and the road to Pan de Azcar are developed littoral
facies with the dominance of bivalves and corals. These
deposits pass gradually to the east into red sandstones and 3
km further, the volcanics of La Negra Formation rest directly
on the Paleozoic (Naranjo 1978a, his Profile B-B). The
238 J. C. Vicente

Figure 12: General Early Pliensbachian

paleogeographic outline of the Andean Basin
between latitudes 3 and 40S.
Note the striking continuity of the basin over
more than 3500 km, its situation as marginal
retroarc basin with a western insular border
and the three communicating straits with the
Proto-Pacific.
Reconstruction doesnot include tectonic
shortening. If considered at the latitude of Peru
the width of the Basin should be twice as wide,
and the coast line should be located more to
the west.
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
north between Quebrada Pan de Azcar and the Posada Los
Hidalgos area, i. e. over 40 km from < 200 m to a > 800 m shaly
facies (Naranjo 1978b).
Therefore, all evidence locates the entrance of the
Hettangian gulf at the latitude of Taltal (2520S), i. e.,
precisely opposite to the Vaquillas Altas and Sierra de Varas
regions (Fig. 10).
From our point of view, this is the first area where the paleo-
Pacific waters penetrated on the continental margin before
they advanced longitudinally to the north and south to form
the retroarc basin. We propose to name this forerunner gulf
as Taltal Hettangian Gulf. However, note that this inter-
pretation varie drastically from the one claimed by Hillebrandt
(2000) according to which during the Hettangian the Jurassic
sea transgressed from the present-day Precordillera in the
East to the present-day Coastal Cordillera in the West
without care of the origin of sea waters.
This Hettangian gulf is actually an extension of the initial
neo-Triassic gulf (Fig. 10), indicated by the marine Triassic
outcrops of Cordillera Domeyko (Chong and Hillebrandt 1985,
Mpodozis and Cornejo 1997)) and Central Depression
(Marinovic and Covacevich 1994, Marinovic et al. 1995). Yet
lacking known Triassic marine deposits on the coastal area
(Naranjo and Puig 1985, Surez and Bell 1992), makes less
evident the placement of an eventual marine strait. The mainly
anastomosing fluvial character of the thick Cifuncho Forma-
tion south of Taltal, underlying the marine Hettangian, the
unimodal paleocurrent direction pointing to the SE (Surez
and Bell 1994) and the presence of finer and more sedimentary
facies to the north (Surez et al. 1982), indicates that the gulf
entrance was located farther north. Now, north of Paposo, the
basal part of the Cerro Yumbes section (Quinzio 1987) is
incomplete, although Marinovic et al. (1995) and Hillebrandt
(2000) recorded Hettangian ammonites, placing this area as a
potential candidate. Hettangian deep facies with ammonites
and radiolarians rest on probably submarine synsedimentary
volcanics, which in no way represent the succession trans-
gressive basal part. Therefore, it would be possible to find
marine Triassic in this area. Nevertheless, it should be
realised that this reconstruction depends the exact value of
the sinistral longitudinal displacement of the coastal block
with respect to the Cordillera, related to activity of the
Atacama fault zone during the Early Cretaceous (Scheuber et
al. 1995). Moreover, Forsythe et al. (1987) recorded paleo-
magnetic data which suggested a 30 clockwise rotation for
the coastal block. In that case the paleocurrents may have
flowed in fact from the West (Surez and Bell 1994).
The localization of a strait about latitude of Taltal is
imposed by the distribution of Hettangian outcrops and the
transgressive pattern just showed. It is in agreement with the
suggested alternate paleogeographic interpretation of Surez
and Bell (1992, their fig. 2) which separates, in Late Triassic
time between latitudes 24S and 29S, a northern marine basin
(Profeta Basin) from a southern one (San Flix Basin) by a
NNW-trending continental ridge with volcanic activity and
intra-arc rifted continental basins (Cifuncho and La Ternera).
This ridge gives evidence for an incipient volcanic arc from
that time linked to the beginning Pacific subduction. In that
geodynamic setting, it is clear that the San Flix Basin belongs
239
to the forearc while the Profeta Basin, as part of our Tarapac
Basin, represents the retroarc. That setting is well exampled
about latitude of Vallenar (2845S) where the thick clastic San
Flix Formation of Alto del Carmen in 6930W longitude
records an alluvial fan and shallow marine fan-delta complex
developed in a fault-controled extensional setting, adjacent
eastwards to a volcanically and tectonically active continental
arc (Bell and Surez 1994). Though relatively narrow at this
latitude, that arc unquestionably restained the Late Triassic
transgression from the Pacific to the west since more to the
east, in the Ro Trnsito area (7018W), the transgression
from north in the retroarc began only in the Late Sinemurian
(Fig. 11). Otherwise, the pyroclastic breccias and tuffs
interbedded in the lower member of the San Flix Formation
record much the Ladino-Carnian Spilite-Keratophyre complex
of Pichidangui Formation of Los Vilos region (32S) in the
Coast Range of the Norte Chico (Vicente 1976) which charac-
terizes the Western Belt of the Arc. This tholeiitic bimodal
suite expresses an extensional geotectonic setting of the belt
(Morata et al. 2000). Moreover, the San Felix Formation
grades westwards to the Canto del Agua Formation
(Moscoso and Covacevich 1982, Moscoso et al. 1982), a
turbiditic complex of the Coast Range which carries out the
transition to the accretionary wedge of the time.
We cannot conclude, however, that this gulf was the only
sea way to the Andean Basin. More to the north, at the
latitude of Peru, the transgression advanced from north to
south (Mgard 1973 and 1978). It began during the Norian in
central Peru and at first formed a narrow channel, centred on
the Central and Eastern Cordilleras, connecting to the north,
at about 5 S, with the open sea and ending in a narrow bay
in Tarija, Bolivia (Fig. 9). During the Early Jurassic, this basin
was extended progressively towards the SW, so that,
beginning in the Sinemurian, a connection seems to have
existed with the Chilean Norte Grande Basin, via Puno and
Palca (Vicente 1981).
South
Neuqun region (3450 4008S): The age of the
transgression to the south of the area here studied, i.e. at the
latitude of the Aconcagua-Neuqun Basin between 33 and
40S remains to be analysed. While we have shown in the
previous section that the main transgression advances from
the Taltal Hettangian gulf towards the south (Jensen et al.
1976) [2620S latitude in the Late Hettangian, 2730S latitude
at the end of the early Sinemurian, 31S latitude at the end of
the late Sinemurian and the study area (32S) in the middle
Pliensbachian and to assess a transgressive speed of about 9
cm/year (= 730 km in 8 My)], this information is not useful to
analyse the evolution at the latitude of Neuqun.
The age of the transgression in Neuqun has been the
subject of untimely generalisations that were later revised.
Thus, Groeber (1924) mentioned marine Triassic in Neuqun,
based on the presence of Myophoria neuquensis Groeber,
which subsequently was found in Chubut together with
Lower Jurassic taxa (Levy 1966). Regarding the supposed
existence of Upper Sinemurian (Behrendsen 1891, Burckhardt
1902, Jaworsky 1925, Groeber et al. 1952, Stipanicic 1969,
240
Stipanicic and Rodrigo 1970) at the classic localities of Ro
Atuel, Sierra Chacai Co and Piedra Pintada, it was based in
the record of Oxynoticeras spp. and especially of O. the transgression began in the late Pliensbachian. The finds
behrendseni Jaworski (1925) and O. leptodiscus
Behrendsen (1891). Subsequently, some of those ammonites,
usually not figured, were assigned (Hillebrandt 1970, Riccardi,
in Damborenea et al. 1975) to the Early Pliensbachian genus
Radstockiceras Buckman. Finally, Hillebrandt (1981) has
shown that many of them belong to Fanninoceras, a genus
originally described from the Upper Pliensbachian of North
America. Jaworskis species, including O. leptodiscus was (Lesta and Ferello 1972), and the latter belt could have had an
placed by Leanza and Blasco (1991) in Austromorphites
Leanza and Blasco, i.e. A. behrendseni, and the species was
dated as late Early Pliensbachian (Hillebrandt 1987).
To date presence of Hettangian, Sinemurian and lowermost
Pliensbachian has only been proved in the Ro Atuel area
(3450S). Jaworski (1925) and Stipanicic and Bonetti (1970)
recorded Early Sinemurian Arietitidae, and Hillebrandt (1973,
1981, 1987 and 1989) Late Sinemurian in material coming from
the Puesto Araya Formation (Volkheimer 1970). In the same
area, immediately to the west, Riccardi et al. (1988 and 1991)
showed that the transgression is still younger. Thus the Arro-
yo Alumbre-Arroyo Malo section yielded the first Argentine
Hettangian ammonite fauna in turbiditic facies, overlain by
fossiliferous lower Sinemurian. Furthermore, the lower part of
the same section yielded an Upper Triassic fauna, including
Rhaetian ammonites (Riccardi et al. 1997; Riccardi and Iglesia
1999). Thus, at this latitude the marine transgression began in
the Rhaetian-Hettangian and advanced eastwards on the
fluviatile (Rosenfeld and Volkheimer 1980) conglomerates of
the El Freno Formation.
Farther south, Sinemurian has not been recorded and the
oldest marine Jurassic, represented at different localities,
yielded late Early to Late Pliensbachian ammonites (Riccardi
1983). Thus in Sierra de Chacai Co (3916S, 7015W), south (Variamussium) coloradoensis Weaver (=? Kolymonectes
of Zapala, the transgression would begin only in the late Early
Pliensbachian (Hillebrandt 1973), dated by Austromorphites
behrendseni (Jaw.) and some fragments of Polymorphitinae
just above the basal conglomerate (Volkheimer 1973). Similarly
in Piedra Pintada (4008S, 7016W), near the southern end of Jurassic. Between this locality and the northernmost outcrops
Neuqun, the Pliensbachian transgression is supported by
the presence of Fanninoceras spp. at the base of the succe-
ssion (Damborenea et al. 1975).
Extra-Andean Chubut region (4230 - 4430S): At this Legarreta, 1999, their fig. 20), to end as a finger at the 48S
latitude, Piatnitzky (1936) and Feruglio (1949) recorded marine
Jurassic on the basis of the supposed presence of
Oxynoticeras sp., dated as Sinemurian, and of other ammonite
material compared with Pliensbachian-Aalenian species, most
of which were originally described from Neuqun and
Mendoza, although in Chubut they were found in the same
levels. A study of some of these localities, especially Cerro
Negro, by Musacchio and Riccardi (1971), produced only
Toarcian Dactylioceratidae (Bifrons to Variabilis Zones, cf.
Hillebrandt 1987, p. 118) and Harpoceratidae, whilst
Sinemurian, Pliensbachian and Aalenian ammonites were not
recorded (Westermann and Riccardi 1972). The record of some
Fanninoceras in Sierra de Lonco Trapial of the Pampa de
Agnia area (Blasco et al. 1979, Nullo 1983) suggested that, as
J. C. Vicente
for Neuqun and Mendoza, this type of ammonites was
previously misidentified as Oxynoticeras spp. and, therefore,
of some Fanninoceras spp. (det. Riccardi, during the
Patagonian Field Trip of IGCP 322, October 1996) in associa-
tion with the bipolar bivalve Kolymonectes (det. Damborenea
and Manceido) confirms this conclusion.
But these data refer to the eastermost Lower Jurassic belt,
which appears to have a thinner succession than the western
belt of Sierra de Tecka, Sierra Tepuel and Nueva Lubecka
earlier transgression. The record of Oxynoticeras by Suero
(1947) from the lower levels of Tepuel and Tecka, may have
been of Fanninoceras, considering similar misidentifications
in Neuquen, so that at least a Pliensbachian age of the
transgression is possible. Existence of even older strata has
been recorded by Massaferro (2001) in Cerro Cuche, west of
Tecka. In contrast, at the latitude of Nueva Lubecka (4431S,
7025W) the record of Hildoceras and Harpoceras indicates
Toarcian (Wahnish, 1942).
Malumin and Ploszkiewicz (1976) recorded from 40 km
further west (village of Apeleg, near the locality of Loncopn;
4440S, 7047W) marine Toarcian, with Peronoceras aff.
subarmatum (Y. & B.), P. vorticellum (Simpson) and
Catacoeloceras sp. (Blasco et al. 1980). This is the western-
most known outcrop, and allows us to infer that at this time
the basin was 120 km in width. However, to the east, 342 m of
marine Lower Jurassic, transgressive on Permo-Triassic have
been drilled in a borehole at the latitude of Laguna Palacios
(4447S, 6919W) (Ferello and Lesta 1973). The sequence,
considered (see Uliana and Legarreta 1999) equivalent to the
Mulanguieu Formation of Ferrarotti, farther north (4430S),
consists of pyritic black shales, rich in organic matter, with
several sandy and tuffaceous levels, yielding Pecten aff. P.
weaveri Damborenea, Pliensbachian, cf. Damborenea 1998
and 2002), a microflora with abundant Classopollis and a
microplancton of Pleurozonaria and Michrysteridium, an
association that Volkheimer considers typically Lower
of Chubut (4230S) there are more than 250 km, indicating the
true size of the basin (Lesta and Ferello 1972). The euxinic fa-
cies of this borehole, suggests is evident that the basin exten-
ded southwards in the Santa Cruz Province (see Uliana and
latitude (Lesta and Ferello 1972). At this latitude, in the Roca
Blanca area, the Lower Jurassic consists of continental
alluvial plain facies with plants and Estheria sp. (Herbst 1965
and 1968). In summary, the Lower Jurassic basin of extra-
Andean Chubut was at least 600 km (4230S 48 S) long and
characterised by late Early Pliensbachian to Early Toarcian
transgression (Fig. 14).
Taking in account that the northernmost outcrops, i.e. Ro
Lepa (4238S), are less than 250 km apart from those of Piedra
Pintada (4017S), it is difficult to avoid acceptance of a late
Early Jurassic connection between the Neuqun and Chubut
basins (Lesta and Ferello 1972, cf. Lizuan 1999). Though
alternatively, a connection with the Pacific at the Ro Negro
latitude has been suggested by Riccardi (1983), all evidence
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
indicates that the transgression, beginning in the Hettangian
at the latitude of Alto Atuel, advanced towards the south
following a narrow furrow, reaching Neuqun (4017S) in the
late Early Pliensbachian (Fig. 13), and extra-Andean Chubut in
the Late Pliensbachian, before ending at 46 47S (Fig. 14).
In the Toarcian, the existence of a unique Neuqun-Chubut
basin is evident (Fig. 14). Only a northern origin of the Chubut
transgression seems possible, considering that the basin
margins are relatively well known: the eastern margin by
eastward developing conglomeradic and pyroclastic conti-
nental facies (Cabeza de Cristiano or Olte Formation) (Herbst
1968, Musacchio and Riccardi 1971, Musacchio 1981). Farther
east, in the middle course of the Chubut river, Lower Jurassic
conglomerates and Middle Jurassic volcanics rest directly on
Precambrian-Paleozoic rocks (Lesta and Ferello 1972; Giacosa
and Mrquez 1999); the western margin was located in the
Patagonian Cordillera where the Middle to Upper Jurassic El
Quemado volcanic Complex (Feruglio 1938, Hoffstetter et al.
1957, Fraud et al. 1999) or Ibaez Formation (Niemeyer 1975,
Skarmeta 1978) rests on the metamorphic basement of General
Carrera and Cochrane lakes (4430 4715S). The southern ammonites, found close to the top (400 m).
margin, at 48 latitude, rests on the already mentioned conti-
nental facies of Roca Blanca. At the latitude of Malvinas, the
results of the DSDP 330 borehole (51S, 4736W), Leg 36
(Barker et al. 1974), especially of clay mineralogy as well as
organic and mineral geochemistry, exclude the opening of the
South Atlantic and, therefore, any transgression from the
Indic Ocean (Maillot 1983).
In this context are quite important the Lower Jurassic
deposits found between Esquel and Nahuel Huapi (43
41S): the Lepa Formation (Rolleri 1969) south of Leleque (c.
42 30S), the Epuyn-Cholila Formation (Mir 1967) in the
Epuyen area (42 15S), the Piltriquitrn Formation in the El
Bolsn region (42S; see Gonzlez Bonorino 1974), the
Millaqueo Formation, south of Nahuel Huapi (41S; Gonzlez
Bonorino 1974; cf. Lizuan 1999) and to the north the
stromatolite limestones of Villa la Angostura (4045S; Dalla
Salda et al. 1978). The Early Jurassic age of the volcanic-
sedimentary succession of the Piltriquitron ridge was
confirmed by Lizuan (1980; see Manceido and Damborenea
1984) with the record of Early Jurassic probably
Pliensbachian bivalves and brachiopods. Similarly, Gonzlez
Bonorino (1981) recorded Myophorella cf. signata Agassiz.
in rocks compared with the Piltriquitrn Formation, north of
Sierra Chata in the Ro Villegas area.
The Curepto Hettangian Gulf: Even if a progressive
transgression from the Alto Atuel (3450S) towards the
south did occur (Rosenfeld and Volkheimer 1980), the
Rhaetian-Hettangian age of the marine transgression at this
latitude differs from the middle Pliensbachian transgression of
the Mercedario area (3208S) as well as from the Norte Chico
general transgressive scheme, also southwards, implying an
initial independence of both basins. Thus one has to look for
an oceanic connection at the Atuel latitude. This would have
been slightly north of Nacientes del Teno (3510S), because
this region has a late Aalenian transgression indicating the
western margin of the Neuqun Basin at this latitude
(Davidson 1971, Davidson and Vicente 1973).
241
The area of the High Cordillera between 3445S and 33S,
i.e. the headwaters of the Diamante, Maipo, Tunuyan and
Tupungato rivers, is precisely the most tectonized part of the
Principal Cordillera, where the Jurassic outcrops are almost
absent. This is evident in the geological maps San Jos
(3330 34S), Cerro Tupungato (33 3330S) and Volcn
Maipo (34 35S) of the Argentinean slope (Polanski 1964
and 1972, Sruoga et al. 2000), where the roof sheets (Upper
Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous) are detached at the top of the
Oxfordian gypsum (Aubouin et al. 1973) and do not show the
autochthonous base of their succession (except for some
Callovian at the base of diapirs). If these resulted from a major
eastward overthrust of the thick Kimmeridgian volcanic
succession (Ro Damas Formation) of the Chilean slope (Vi-
cente 1970 and 1972) there is little hope of finding any record
of the Pacific marine ingression at these latitudes. Although
on the Chilean and Argentinian High Cordillera at 3345S
34S a 450 m thick succession of (?) Early - Middle Jurassic
pelites has been reported (Alvarez et al. 1995, 1997 and 1999),
the only fossils thus far recorded were Late Bathonian
Important upper Triassic Lower Jurassic (Hettangian-
Sinemurian) marine deposits are present, however, in the
coastal area of Chile, at 3446 3516S. The classic outcrops
in the south at Ro Mataquito, Curepto-Galleco (Muoz Cristi
1960 and 1973, Thiele 1965, Escobar 1980) and, in the north at
Hualae and Vichuqun-Tilicura (Corvaln and Dvila 1964,
Corvaln 1976) occur along a belt more than 60 km long
reaching eastwards to 7146W, 40 km inland (Corvaln 1982).
Furthermore, considering that the upper Triassic (Norian-
Rhaetian) is more than 800 m thick in the Curepto area (Esco-
bar 1980) and thins rapidly eastward, to only 300 m in the
Hualae area (Corvaln 1976), while changing from shales to
sandstones and conglomerates, one could conclude that the
Late Triassic gulf did not pass Hualae (Fig. 9).
On the other hand, the presence of finely laminated
Hettangian shale facies bearing a thin-shelled bivalve benthic
fauna which is interbedded with graywackes with graded
bedding and slump levels (Cecioni 1970, Escobar 1980)
indicating relatively deep sedimentary conditions with
turbiditic successions, requires a more eastern position of the
coast. This implies the existence at the latitude of Curepto of
an important Hettangian gulf, strongly subsident and
tectonically unstable, through which the sea penetrated
widely towards the east up to the Alto Atuel headwaters (Fig.
13a). At the beginning of the early Pliensbachian, the
transgression began to spread longitudinally towards the
north and south. We propose to name this transgressional
gulf the Curepto Hettangian Gulf. It should be recalled that
265 km north, in the La Ligua area (3626S) the transgression
passed the 7113W only in the Sinemurian.
Conclusion
The western border of the Andean Retroarc Basin of Cen-
tral Andes thus appears to be dominantly controlled during
the Jurassic by the tectonic and magmatic activity of the arc.
Importance of volcanoclastic and volcanic input in sediments
242 J. C. Vicente

Figure 13: Main stages of the Jurassic

transgression from Curepto Hettangian
Gulf through the Neuqun Basin.
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin... 243

Figure 14: Paleogeographic outline of the Neuquen-Chubut Basin during Lower Toarcian. Notice connexion with the Pacific via the Curepto Strait,
paleogeographic continuity between Neuqun and Chubut basins, and austral glove-finger ending at 48S.
244
of this insular border leaves no doubt about the reality and
magnitude of this activity. The observed characteristics such
as thick volcanic series forming the arc indicate that main
volcanic activity was above sea level. Whereas notable along-
strike continuity and width of the arc proves that, at first
sight, it represented a wide barrier to the direct ingression of
waters from the open Pacific. In such a way that the Andean
Retroarc Basin can be looked as a typical barred basin.
In that framework, evidence of longitudinal changes in age
of transgressions, when checked in the most axial part of the
basin, allows the localisation of two major straits through the
arc: the first in northern Chile at latitude of Taltal (2515S) and
the second in central Chile at latitude of Curepto (35S). From
which Pacific waters entered and flooded gradually the rifted
retroarc and progressed lengthwise at the same time
northward and southward as a narrow furrow. Both straits
initiated in the upper Triassic and extended during the
Hettangian. At the beginning, the just created Tarapac and
Aconcagua-Neuqun basins were isolated, and became
connected in the middle Pliensbachian giving birth to a
continuous elongated retroarc basin from central Chubut to
northern Per. Meanwhile, the initial zone separating both
basins as Norte Chico Isthmus is looked as a zone with
positive tendency where transgression was belated.
On the scale of the whole Andean margin, two more straits
must be mentioned by which Pacific waters have penetrated
and flooded the future Andean Basin. In northern Peru was
the Olmos Late Triassic Gulf (6S) and in Colombia the
Ibagu Late Triassic Gulf (Geyer 1973 and 1979), which
produced the Norian marine deposits of the Payand
Formation in the Tolima basin. Thus, we may assume that
from the beginning of the late Early Pliensbachian all basins
were connected and that form then an important continuous
furrow extended for more than 4.400 km, with a width of about
25 to 50 km, except for Neuqun where it was more than 200
km wide at 38S (Fig. 12). It should be recognised that this
remarkable continuity and narrowness of the Andean basin
leaves little doubt about its tectonic control.
Significant in this context are the turbiditic and olistostrome
levels recorded in the Triassic - Sinemurian of the Atuel area
(Riccardi et al. 1988) and Upper Pliensbachian of the Cordille-
ra del Viento and Sierra de Chacay Co (Rosenfeld and
Volkheimer 1980). These authors relate these deposits to
synsedimentary faults active during Neuquen basin
subsidence. Active subsidence would also explain the
existence of early Toarcian, deep-turbiditic deposits (Los
Molles Formation) over a great part of southern Neuqun.
Sometimes these deposits are remarkably thick such as in the
Barda Colorada Este borehole, 30 km south of Plaza Huincul,
where they were penetrated for more than 2500 m with typical
deep-turbiditic facies (Hinterwimmer and Jauregui 1984).
A similar situation, involving marked subsidence can be
observed at the latitude of the Tarapac basin in the Domeyko
Cordillera where, beginning with the Pliensbachian, there are
fine laminated micritic facies with radiolarians, reminiscent of
abyssal-plain deposits. These facies become enriched in
turbiditic sandstones passing into a true psamo-pelitic flysch
with olistoliths and slumps (Vicente et al. 1985). Another area
with strong subsidence is located at the latitude of Cerro
J. C. Vicente
Longacho (2023S), north of Pica, where Sinemurian facies
consist of fine pyroclastic turbidites with abundant siliceous
spicules and radiolarians.
The Arequipa basin also is marked by extensive early
subsidence, as indicated by Sinemurian calcilutites with
slumps and the turbidites with encrinites of the Lagunillas
Formation in the Puno area (Vicente, 1981). Furthermore, near
Arequipa, at the basins insular margin, true synsedimentary
faults and intraformational unconformities related to block
faulting have been recorded (Vicente et al. 1982).
The pre-transgressive continental deposits remain,
nevertheless, the best evidence for the extensive tectonism
predating basin formation. It is indicated by the highly irre-
gular geometry and abrupt thickness changes of the so-called
Precuyan cycle in Neuqun and southern Mendoza
(Gulisano 1981, Gulisano et al. 1984, Digregorio et al. 1984,
Uliana et al. 1989, Gulisano and Gutirrez Pleiming 1995 ( fig. 7
and 8). This cycle consists of Rhaetian-Lower Jurassic
alluvial, fluviatile and lacustrine deposits with high volcanic
and pyroclastic content in the El Freno (Stipanicic and
Bonetti 1970, Volkheimer 1970) and Remoredo (Stipanicic and
Mingramm in Groeber et al. 1952, Stipanicic 1966) formations
in southern Mendoza, Chacaico (Parker 1965), Saic (Galli
1953, Stipanicic 1967), Piedra del Aguila (Ferello 1947) and
other areas in western Neuqun, These sequences are
interpreted as the initial fillings of topographic highs and lows
due to rotated blocks, located within the low, cratonic margin
with an extensive regimen of associated volcanism. This
situation is evident at the latitude of Bardas Blancas
(Gulisano 1981) where a graded transgression has been
reported and in southern Neuqun (Gulisano et al. 1984 where
these structures occur at the base of the transgression.
Even if an analysis of the synsedimentary fracturing is
required, it is clear that fracturing controlled the configuration
of the Neuqun basin margins (Mombru and Uliana 1978).
Thus it comes as no surprise that there is some coincidence
(Rosenfeld and Volkheimer 1980) between some inferred faults
and major structural lineaments such as those of Aelo and
Ro Limay (Ramos 1978, 1998), which give the basin its trian-
gular shape.
All lines of evidence are, therefore, in agreement that a
somewhat subsident Andean Basin area originated by
extension, behind an active volcanic arc, and was related to
subduction of the proto-Pacific at the Gondwana western
margin (Uliana et al. 1989). This geotectonic setting excludes
any intracontinental rift and leads to accepting the idea of an
aborted-marginal retroarc basin whose basement remained
sialic (Vicente 1984; Digregorio et al. 1984, etc.).
WORKS CITES ON THE TEXT
Alvarez, P.P., 1996 a. Bioestratigrafa del Jursico inferior de la Cuenca
de La Ramada, Alta Cordillera de San Juan (Argentina). Revista
Espaola de Paleontologa 11(1): 35-47, Madrid.
Alvarez, P.P., 1996 b. Jurassic ammonite assemblages of the Principal
Cordillera of San Juan, Argentina. En A.C. Riccardi (ed.) Advances
in Jurassic Research, GeoResearch Forum 1-2: 45-54, Transtec
Publications Ltd., Zurich.
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
Alvarez, P.P., 1996 c. Los depsitos trisicos y jursicos de la Alta
Cordillera de San Juan. Geologa de la Regin del Aconcagua, Pro-
vincias de San Juan y Mendoza. Direccin Nacional del Servicio
Geolgico, Anales 24: 59-137, Buenos Aires.
Alvarez, P. 1997. Evolucin estratigrfica y tectnica del Jursico de la
Alta cordillera de San Juan. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Buenos
Aires, (unpublished), 375 p.
Alvarez, P.P., Benoit, S.V. and Ottone, E.G., 1995. Las Formaciones
Rancho de Lata, Los Patillos y otras unidades mesozoicas de la
Cordillera Principal de San Juan. Asociacin Geolgica Argentina,
Revista 49(1-2) (1994): 123-142, Buenos Aires.
Alvarez, P., Aguirre Urreta, M.B., Godoy, E. and Ramos, V.A., 1997.
Estratigrafa del Jursico de la Cordillera Principal de Argentina y
Chile (3345-34S). 8 Congreso Geolgico Chileno, Antofagasta,
1: 425-429.
Alvarez, P., Godoy, E., and Giambiagi, L., 1999. Estratigrafa de la Alta
Cordillera de Chile Central a la latitud del Paso Piuquenes (33
35S). 14 Congreso Geolgico Argentino (Salta), Actas 1: 55.
Alvarez, P.P., Godoy, E., Aguirre-Urreta, M.B., 1996. Jursico marino
de la Alta Cordillera de Chile Central, Regin Metropolitana. 13
Congreso Geolgico Argentino, Buenos Aires, 5: 181.
Arabaz, W.J. 1971. Geological and geophysical studies of the Atacama
Fault Zone in Northern Chile. Doctoral thesis, California Institut
of Technology, Pasedana, 263 pp.
Ardill J., Flint S., Chong G. & WilkeH. 1998. Sequence stratigraphy of
the Mesozoic Domeyko Basin, northern Chile. Journal of the
Geological Society, London, 155: 71-88.
Aubouin, J., Borrello, A.V., Cecioni, G., Charrier, R., Chotin, P., Frutos,
J., Thiele, R. Vicente, J-C., 1973. Esquisse palogographique et
structurale des Andes Mridionales. Revue de Gographie Physique
et de Gologie Dynamique, Paris, 15(1-2) : 11-72.
Baeza, L.G., 1976. Geologa de Cerritos Bayos y areas adyacentes entre
los 2230'-2245' latitud sur y los 6855'-6925' longitud oeste, II
regin Antofagasta, Chile. Tesis Universidad del Norte,
(unpublished), 155 p., Antofagasta.
Baeza, L.G., 1979. Distribucin de facies sedimendarias marinas en el
Jurasico de Cerritis Bayos y zobas adyacentes, Norte de Chile. 2
Congreso Geolgico Chileno (Arica), Actas 3, H45-H61.
Barker, P., Dalziel, I.W., et al., 1974. Evolution of the southwestern
Atlantic ocean Basin : results of Leg 36, Deep Sea Drilling Project.
Initial Report DSDP, 36: 993-1014. , Washington.
Behrendsen, O., 1891-92. Zur Geologie des Ostabfalls der argentinischen
Cordillere. Zeitsch. Deutchen Geologischen Gesselshaft, Berlin,
43(1891): 369-420, 44(1892): 1-42.
Blasco, G., Levy, R., and Nullo, F., 1979. Los Amonites de la Formacin
Osta Arena (Lisico) y su posicin estratigrfica - Pampa de Agnia
- (Provincia del Chubut). 7 Congreso Geolgico Argentino
(Neuqun), Actas 2: 407-429.
Blasco, G., Levy, R., and Ploszkiewicz, V., 1980. Las calizas toarcianas
de Loncopn, Depto. Tehuelches, Provincia del Chubut, Republica
Argentina. 2 Congreso Argentino de Paleontologa y
Bioestratigrafa y 1 Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontologa,
Actas 1: 191-200, Buenos Aires.
Buhler, M., Perez, D.J., and Ramos, V.A., 1996. El Jursico de las Na-
cientes del Ro Colorado, Departamento de San Carlos, Provincia
de Mendoza. 13 Congreso Geolgico Argentino y 3 Congreso de
Exploracin de Hidrocarburos, 5: 183, Buenos Aires.
Burckhardt, C., 1902. Le Lias de la Piedra Pintada (Neuquen), 3. Sur les
fossiles marins du Lias de la Piedra Pintada avec quelques
considerations sur lge et limportance du gisement. Revista del
Museo de La Plata, 10: 243-249, La Plata.
Cecioni, G., 1960. La zona con Psiloceras planorbis en Chile. Escuela
de Geologa, Santiago, 1(1), 19 p.
Cecioni, G., 1961. El Titnico inferior marino en la provincia de Tarapac
y consideraciones sobre el arqueamiento central de los Andes. Es-
cuela de Geologa, Santiago, 1(3), 28 p.
Cecioni, G., 1970. Esquema de Paleogeografa chilena. Editorial Univer-
sitaria S.A., Santiago, 143 p.
Chong, G. 1973. Reconocimiento geolgico del area Catalina-Sierra de
245
Varas y estratigrafa del Jursico del Profeta. Doctoral thesis, Uni-
versidad de Chile, (unpublished), 294 pp. , Santiago.
Chong, G., 1976. El sistema jursico en la Cordillera de Domeyko (Chi-
le) entre 2430' y 2530' de latitud sur. 2 Congreso Latinoamerica-
no de Geologa, Caracas, 2: 765-785.
Chong, G., 1977. Contribution to the knowledge of the Domeyko Range
in the Andes of Northen Chile. Geologische Runschau, Stuttgart,
66(2): 374-404.
Chong, G., Hillebrandt, A., 1985. El Trisico preandino de Chile entre
los 2330' y 2604 de lat. sur. IV Congreso Geolgico Chileno,
Actas 1: 162-210, Antofagasta.
Chotin, P. 1975. Les Andes Mridionales et la terminaison du Bassin
Andin: Le Lonquimay (Chili) et le Neuquen (Argentine) (Lat.
3845S). Doctoral thesis, Universit P & M. Curie, 303 pp., Paris.
Chotin, P., 1976. Essai dinterprtation du Bassin Andin chilno-argentin
msozoique en tant que bassin marginal. Annales de la Socit
Gologique du Nord, Lille, 96(3): 177-184.
Cisternas, M.E., Vicente, J-C., 1976. Estudio geolgico del sector de las
Vegas de San Andrs (Provincia de Atacama, Chile). Ier Congreso
Geolgico Chileno, Actas 1: A227-A252, Santiago.
Coira, B., Davidson, J., Mpodozis, C; and Ramos, V.A., 1982. Tectonic
and magmatic evolution of the Andes of northern Argentina and
Chile. Earth-Science Review, Amsterdam, 18: 303-332.
Corvaln, J., 1976. El Trisico y Jursico de Vichuquen-Tilicura y de
Hualae, Prov. de Curic. Implicaciones paleogeogrficas. 1 Con-
greso Geolgico Chileno, Actas 1: A137-A154, Santiago.
Corvaln, J., 1982. El lmite Trisico-Jursico en la Cordillera de la
Costa de las Provincias de Curic y Talca. 3 Congreso Geolgico
Chileno, Actas 3: F63-F85, Concepcin.
Corvalan, J. and Davila, A., 1964. Observaciones geolgicas en la Cor-
dillera de la Costa entre los Ros Aconcagua y Mataquito. Sociedad
Geolgica de Chile, Santiago, Resmenes, 9: 1-4.
Covacevich, V., 1985. Informe paleontolgico: Playa Los Bronces.
Sevicio Nacional de Geologa y Minera, unpublished report, 5 p.,
Santiago.
Cristallini, E. 1996, Plegamiento por despegue en la Alta Cordillera de
San Juan a los 32 de latitud sur. 13 Congreso Geolgico Argentino
y 3 Congreso de Exploracin de Hidrocarburos, Actas 2: 325-352,
Buenos Aires,.
Cuerda, A.J., Schauer, O.C., and Sunesen, A., 1981. Afloramientos
fosilferos de la Formacin Alumin, en el sector de Rahu, Provin-
cia del Neuquen. Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina,
36(4): 329-332, Buenos Aires.
Dalla Salda, L.H., Rapela, C.W., and Das, G.F., 1987. Calizas marinas
Jursicas ? en Villa La Angostura, Neuqun. Revista de la Asocia-
cin Geolgica Argentina, 42(2): 194-195.
Damborenea, S.E., 1998. The Bipolar Bivalve Kolymonectes in South
America and the Diversity of Propeamussiidae in Mesozoic Times.
In: Johnston, P.A. & Haggart, J.W., eds., Bivalves: An Eon of
Evolution - Paleobiological Studies Honoring Norman D. Newell.
University Calgary Press, 143-155, Calgary.
Damborenea, S.E., 2002. Early Jurassic bivalves of Argentina. Part 3:
Superfamilies Monotoidea, Pectinoidea, Plicatuloidea and Dimyoida.
Palaeontographica A, 265: 1-119.
Damborenea, S.E., Manceido, M.O., and Riccardi, A.C., 1975. Biofacies
y estratigrafa del Lisico de Piedra Pintada, Neuquen, Argentina.
1 Congreso Argentino de Paleontologa y Bioestratigrafa, Actas
2: 173-228, Tucumn.
Davidson, J., 1971. Geologa del area de las Nacientes del Teno, Provin-
cia de Curic. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Chile, (unpublished),
135 p., Santiago.
Davidson, J., 1984. Introduccin a la Geologa de Chile. In: Seminario,
Actualizacin de la Geologa de Chile Apuntes, Servicio Nacional
de Geologa y Minera, Santiago, Miscelnea 4: B1-B24.
Davidson, J., 1988. El Jursico y Cretcico inferior en las Nacientes del
Teno (Chile): una revisin. 5 Congreso Geolgico Chileno, Actas
1: A453-A458, Santiago.
Davidson, J., Godoy, E., y Covacevich, V., 1976. El Bajociano marino
de la Sierra de Minillas (7030' L.O.-26 L.S.) y Sierra Fraga (6950'
246
L.O.-27 L.S.), Provincia de Atacama, Chile: edad y marco
geotectnico de la Formacin La Negra en esta latitud. 1er Congre-
so Geolgico Chileno, Actas 1: A255-A272, Santiago.
Davidson, J., Mpodozis, C., et al. 1978. Geologa de la Precordillera de
Copiap : Las nacientes de la Quebrada Paipote al Oeste del Salar
de Maricunga (Resultados del curso de Geologa de Campo II, 1977).
Comunicaciones, Departamento de Geologa, 23: 1-34, Santiago.
Davidson, J., y Vicente, J-C., 1973. Caractersticas paleogeogrficas y
estructurales del area fronteriza de las Nacientes del Teno (Chile) y
Santa Elena (Argentina) (Cordillera Principal, 35 a 3515' de lati-
tud sur). 5 Congreso Geolgico Argentina (Carlos Paz), Actas 5:
11-55.
Di Biase, F. 1985. Noticia preliminar sobre el hallazgo del Lisico mari-
no en los Cerros de Cuevitas, Provincia de Antofagasta. 4 Congre-
so Geolgico Chileno, Actas 1: 249-261, Antofagasta.
Diez, O.M. y Zubia, M.A., 1981. Sinopsis estratigrfica de El Bolson,
Provincia de Ro Negro. Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argen-
tina, 36(1): 19-28, Buenos Aires.
Digregorio, R.E., Gulisano, C.A., Gutirrez, A.R., Minniti, S.A., 1984.
Esquema de la evolucin geodinmica de la Cuenca Neuquina y sus
implicancias paleogeogrficas. 9 Congreso Geolgico Argentino
(Bariloche), Actas 2: 147-162.
Elger, K., 1998. Tektono-stratigraphishe Untersuchung der
nordchilenischen Prkordillere westlich von Calama und EDV-
gesttzte (GIS). Diplomarbeit, Freien Universitt, Berlin, 82 pp.
Escobar, F., 1980. Paleontologa y bioestratigrafa del Trisico superior
y Jursico inferior en el area de Curepto, Provincia de Talca. Insti-
tuto de Investigaciones Geolgicas, Chile, 35, 78 pp., Santiago.
Fraud, G., Alric, V., Fornari, M., Bertrand, H., and Haller, M., 1999.
40
Ar/39Ar dating of the Jurassic province of Patagonia : migrating
magmatism related to Gondwana break-up and subduction. Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, 172: 83-96.
Ferello, R., 1947. Los depositos plantferos de Piedra de Aguila (Neuquen)
y sus relaciones. Boletn de Informaciones Petroleras, 278: 248-
261, Buenos Aires.
Ferello, R.. y Lesta, P., 1973. Acerca de la existencia de una dorsal
interior en el sector central de la Serrana de San Bernardo (Chubut).
5 Congreso Geolgico Argentino (Carlos Paz), Actas 4: 19-26.
Ferraris, F., 1978, Cordillera de la Costa entre 24 y 25 latitud Sur,
Regin de Antofagasta. Instituto de Investigaciones Geolgicas,
Santiago, Carta Geolgica de Chile 1:250 000, 26, 15 p.
Ferraris, F. y Di Biase, F., 1978. Hoja Antofagasta, Regin de Antofagasta.
Instituto de Investigaciones Geolgicas, Santiago, Carta Geolgica
de Chile 1:250 000, 30, 48 p.
Feruglio, E., 1938, Nomenclatura estratigrfica de la Patagonia y Tierra
del Fuego. In: Una reunin de Gelogos de YPF y el problema de la
Terminologa Estratigrfica. Boletn de Informaciones Petroleras,
171: 82-95, Buenos Aires.
Feruglio, E., 1949, Descripcin geolgica de la Patagonia. Direccin
General de Yacimientos Petrolferos Fiscales, Buenos Aires, 1, 334
p.
Forsythe, R.D., Kent, D.V., Mpodozis, C. y Davidson, J. 1987.
Paleomagnetism of Permian and Triassic rocks, central Chilean
Andes. In: McKenzie, D.E., ed. Gondwana Six : Structure, Tectonics
and Geophysics, Geophysical Monograph 40: 241-252.
Galli, C.A., 1953. Acerca de una nueva interpretacin de las formacio-
nes rtico-lisicas de la Patagonia septentrional. Revista de la Aso-
ciacin Geolgica Argentina, 8(4): 220-235, Buenos Aires.
Galli, C.A., 1957. Las formaciones geolgicas en el borde occidental de
la Puna de Atacama, sector de Pica, Tarapac. Revista Minerales,
56: 14-26, Santiago.
Galli, C.A. y Dingman, R.J., 1962. Cuadrangulos Pica, Alca, Matilla y
Chacarilla, Provincia de Tarapac. Instituto de Investigaciones
Geolgicas, Santiago, Carta Geolgica de Chile 1:50 000, 3(2, 3, 4,
5), 125 p.
Garca, F., 1967. Geologa del Norte Grande de Chile. Sociedad Geolgica
de Chile, 3, 138 p., Santiago.
Geyer, O.F., 1973. Das prkretazische Mesozoikum von Kolumbien.
Geologisches Jahrbuch B, Hannover, 5, 156 p.
J. C. Vicente
Geyer, O.F., 1979. Zur Palogeographie mesozoischer Ingressionen und
Transgressionen in Kolumbien. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Palont. Mh.,
6: 349-368, Stuttgart.
Giacosa, R.E., y Mrquez, M.J., 1999. Jursico y Cretcico de la Cordi-
llera Patagnica septentrional y Precordillera Patagnica. In: Ca-
minos, R., (ed.), Geologa Argentina. Servicio Geolgico Minero
Argentina, Anales 29: 444-459, Buenos Aires.
Godoy, E., 1993. El Caloviano del Estero Yeguas Muertas, Ro Yeso del
Maipo, Chile: implicancias tectnicas y paleogeogrficas. 12 Con-
greso Geolgico Argentino y 2 Congreso de Exploracin de Hidro-
carburos (Mendoza), Actas 2: 104-107.
Gonzlez Bonorino, F., 1974. La Formacin Millaqueo y la Serie
Porfirtica de la Cordillera Nordpatagnica: nota preliminar. Re-
vista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, 29(2): 145-153, Bue-
nos Aires.
Gonzlez Bonorino, F., 1979. Esquema de la evolucin geolgica de la
Cordillera Norpatagnica. Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Ar-
gentina, 34(3): 184-202, Buenos Aires.
Gonzlez Bonorino, F., 1981. Nota sobre la Formacion Piltriquitrn y
otras formaciones ms antiguas y ms modernas en la regin de El
Bolsn, en Ro Negro y Chubut. Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica
Argentina, 36(3): 319-321, Buenos Aires.
Gonzlez Daz, E., 1979. Estratigrafa del area de la Cordillera Patagnica
entre los paralelos 4030' y 41 de latitud sur (Prov. del Neuquen).
7 Congreso Geolgico Argentino (Neuqun), Actas 1: 525-537.
Buenos Aires
Gonzlez Daz, E., 1982. Chronological Zonation of Granitic Plutonism
in the Northern Patagonian Andes of Argentina: the migration of
Intrusive Cycles. Earth-Sciences Review, 18: 365-393, Amsterdam.
Gonzlez Daz, E.F., and Valvano, J., 1979. Plutonitas granticas cretcicas
y neoterciarias entre el sector norte del Lago Nahuel Huapi y el
Lago Trafl (Provincia del Neuquen). 7 Congreso Geolgico Ar-
gentino (Neuqun), Actas 1: 227-242. Buenos Aires
Gonzlez, O., 1963, Observaciones geolgicas en el valle del Ro Volcan.
Revista Minerales, 81: 20-54, Santiago.
Greco, R., 1975. Descripcin Geolgica de la Hoja 40a (Monte Tronador),
Provincias del Neuquen y Ro Negro. Servicio Nacional. Minero y
Geolgico, unpublished report, Buenos Aires.
Groeber, P., 1924. Descubrimiento del Trisico marino en la Repblica
Argentina. Comunicaciones, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural
de Buenos Aires, 2(9): 87-94.
Groeber, P., Stipanicic, P., y Mingramm, A., 1952. Jursico. In: Geogra-
fa de la repblica Argentina, t. II, Mesozico. Sociedad Argentina
de Estudios Geogrficos GA143-347, Buenos Aires,.
Grschke, M. and Hillebrandt, A., 1985. Trias und Jura in der mittleren
Cordillera Domeyko von Chile (2330-2430). Neue Jahrbuch
fr Geologie und Palontologie Abhandlungen, 170(2): 129-166,
Stuttgart.
Gulisano, C.A., 1981. El ciclo Cuyano en el Norte de Neuquen y Sur
Mendoza. 8 Congreso Geolgico Argentino (San Luis), Actas 3:
579-592.
Gulisano, C.A., 1992. Paleogeographic evolution of west-central Ar-
gentina. In: Westermann, G.E.G., ed.. The Jurasic of the Circum-
Pacific. Chapter 6-Western South America and Antarctica ,
Cambridge University Press, 135-139.
Gulisano, C.A. and Gutirrez Pleimling, A.R., 1995a. The Jurassic of the
Neuqun Basin, a) Neuquen Province. Asociacin Geolgica Ar-
gentina, Buenos Aires, Serie E(2), 103 p.
Gulisano, C.A., Gutirrez, A.R. y Digregorio, R.E. 1984. Esquema
estratigrfico de la secuencia jursica del Oeste de la Provincia del
Neuquen. 9 Congreso Geolgico Argentino (Bariloche), Actas 1:
236-259.
Hallam, A., Bir-Bagczky, L., and Prez, E., 1986. Facies analysis of
the Lo Valds Formation (Tithonian-Hauterivian) of the High
Cordillera of central Chile, and the palaeogeographic evolution of
the Andean Basin. Geological Magazine, 123: 425-435.
Haller, M. and Lapido, O.R., 1980. El Mesozico de la Cordillera
Patagnica central. Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina,
35(2): 230-247, Buenos Aires.
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
Haller, M., Lapido, O.R., Lizuan, A. y Page, R., 1981. El mar tithono-
neocomiano en la evolucin de la cordillera norpatagnica. In:
Volkheimer, W., Musacchio, E. (eds.), Cuencas sedimentarias del
Jursico y Cretcico de Amrica del Sur, 1: 221-237, Buenos Aires.
Hatherton, T. and Dickinson, W.R., 1969. The relationship between
andesitic volcanism and seismicity in Indonesia, the Lesser Antilles
and other island arcs. Journal of Geophysical Research, 74: 5301-
5310.
Herbst, R. 1965, La flora fosil de la Formacin Roca Blanca, provincia
de Santa Cruz, Patagonia, con consideraciones geolgicas y
estratigrficas. Opera Lilloana, 12: 102 p., Tucumn.
Herbst, R. 1968. Las floras lisicas argentinas con consideraciones
estratigrficas. 3as Jornadas Geolgicas Argentinas (Comodoro
Rivadavia), Actas 1: 145-162.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 1970, Zur biotratigraphie und Ammoniten-Fauna des
sdamerikanischen Jura (insbes, Chile). Neue Jahrbuch fr Geologie
und Palontologie Abhandlungen, 136(2): 166-211, Stuttgart.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 1971. Der Jura in der chilenisch-argentinischen
Hochkordillere (25 bis 3230S). Mnster Forschungen Geologie
und Palontologie, 20-21: 63-87, Mnster.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 1972. Sobre la bioestratigrafa y la fauna de Ammonites
del Jursico de America del Sur (Especialmente de Chile). Universi-
dad de Chile, Depto. Geologa, 39, 50 p., Santiago.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 1973. Neue ergebnisse ber den Jura in Chile und
Argentinien. Mnster Forschungen Geologie und Palontologie,
Mnster, 31-32: 167-199.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 1981, Faunas de Amonites del Lisico inferior y me-
dio (Hettangiano hasta Pliensbachiano) de America del Sur (exclu-
yendo Argentina). In: Volkheimer, W., Musacchio, E.A., (eds.),
Cuencas sedimentarias del Jursico y Cretcico de America del Sur,
2: 499-538, Buenos Aires.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 1987. Liassic ammonite zones of South America and
correlations with other provinces. With description of new genera
and species of ammonites. In : Volkheimer W. ed. Bioestratigrafa
de los sistemas regionales del Jursico y Cretcico de America del
Sur. Comit sudamericano del Jursico y Cretsico, 111-157,
Mendoza.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 1989. The Lower Jurassic of the Ro Atuel region,
Mendoza Province, Argentina. 4 Congreso Argentino de
Paleontologa y. Bioestratratigrafa, Actas 4: 39-44, Mendoza.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 1990. The Triassic/Jurassic boundary in Northern
Chile. Cahiers de lUniversit Catholique de Lyon, Srie Scientifique,
3: 23-53.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 2000 a. Die Ammoniten-Fauna des Sdamerikanischen
Hettangium (basaler Jura). Palaeontographica, 257(4-6): 85-189,
258(1-3): 1-64, 258(4-6): 65-116.
Hillebrandt, A.V., 2002. Ammoniten aus dem oberen Sinemurien von
Sdamerika. Revue de Palobiologie, 21(1): 35-147, Genve.
Hillebrandt, A.V. and Schmidt-Effing, R., 1981. Ammoniten aus dem
Toarcium (Jura) von Chile (Sdamerika). Zitteliana, 6: 3-74,
Mnchen.
Hillebrandt, A.V. and Westermann, G.E.G., 1985. Aalenian (Jurassic)
Ammonite Faunas and Zones of the Southern Andes. Zitteliana,
12: 3-55.
Hinterwimmer, G.A. and Jauregui, J.M., 1984. Anlisis de facies de los
depsitos de turbiditas de la Formacin Los Molles en el sondeo
Barda Colorada Este, Provincia del Neuquen. 9 Congreso Geolgico
Argentino (Bariloche), Actas 5: 124-135. Buenos Aires.
Hoffstetter, R., Fuenzalida, H., and Cecioni, G., 1957. Lexique
stratigraphique international, Amrique Latine, Chile-Chili. Ed.
CNRS, Paris, 5(7), 444 p.
Jaworski, E., 1925. Contribucin a la paleontologa del Jursico Sudame-
ricano. Direccin Nacional de Geologa y Minera, 4, 160 p., Bue-
nos Aires.
Jensen, O., 1976. Geologa de las Nacientes del Ro Copiap, entre los
2753' y 2820' de latitud sur, Provincia de Atacama, Chile. Docto-
ral thesis, Universidad de Chile, (unpublished), 249 p., Santiago.
Jensen, O. and Vicente, J-C., 1976. Estudio geolgico del area de Las
Juntas del Ro Copiap, Provincia de Atacama, Chile. Revista de
247
la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, 31(3): 145-173, Buenos Aires.
Jensen, O., Vicente, J-C., Davidson, J., and Godoy, E., 1976. Etapas de la
evolucin marina jursica de la cuenca andina externa (mioliminar)
entre los paralelos 26 y 2930' Sur. Ier Congreso Geolgico Chile-
no, Actas 1: A273-A295, Santiago.
Klohn, C., 1960. Geologa de la Cordillera de los Andes de Chile Central,
Provincias de Santiago, OHiggins, Colchagua y Curic. Instituto
de Investigaciones Geolgicas, 95 p., Santiago.
Kuno, J., 1959. Origin of cenozoic petrographic provinces of Japan and
surronding areas. Bulletin de Volcanologie, 20: 365-376, Napoli.
Leanza, H.A. and Blasco, G., 1991. Estratigrafa y ammonites
pliensbachianos del area del arroyo ireco, Neuqun, Argentina,
con descripcin de Austromorphites gen.nov. Revista de la Asocia-
cin Geolgica Argentina, 45(1-2): 159-174.
Legarreta, L. and Uliana, M.A., 1996. The Jurassic succession in west-
central Argentina : stratal patterns, sequences and paleogeographic
evolution. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,
120: 303-330.
Legarreta, L. y Uliana, M.A., 1999. El Jursico y Cretcico de la Cordi-
llera Principal y la Cuenca Neuquina, 1. Facies Sedimentarias. In:
Caminos, R., (ed.), Geologa Argentina. Servicio Geolgico Minero
Argentino, Anales 29: 399-416, Buenos Aires.
Lesta, P.J., Ferello, R., 1972. Regin extraandina de Chubut y Norte de
Santa Cruz. In: Leanza, A.F., (ed.), Primer Simposium de Geologa
Regional Argentina, Academia Nacional de Ciencias, 601-653,
Crdoba.
Levy, R., 1966. Revisin de las Trigonias de Argentina. I-Una nueva
especie de Myophorella del Lias de la Pampa de Agnia (Chubut) con
consideraciones acerca de la presencia de Myophorellinae en Ar-
gentina. Ameghiniana, 4(7): 237-241, Buenos Aires.
Ligarda, R., Carlotto, V. y Carlier, G., 1991. Estratigrafa del borde
orienta de la Cuenca Mesozoica sur peruana (Sector Curahuasi
Departamento de Apurimac). 7 Congreso Peruano de Geologa,
Expanded Abstracts, 633-638, Lima.
Lizuan, A., 1980. Las formaciones suprapaleozicas y jursicas de la
Cordillera Patagnica, Provincias de Ro Negro y Chubut. Revista
de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, 35(2): 174-183, Buenos
Aires.
Lizuan, A., 1999. Estratigrafa y evolucin geolgica del Jursico y
Cretcico de la Cordillera Patagnica septentrional. In: Caminos
R. (ed.), Geologa Argentina. Servicio Geolgico y Minero Argen-
tino, Anales 29: 433-443, Buenos Aires.
Maillot, H., 1983. Les paloenvironnements de lAtlantique Sud: Apport
de la gochimie sdimentaire. Societ Gologique Nord, 9, 316 p.,
Villeneuve dAscq.
Maksaev, V. y Marinovic, N., 1981. Cuadrangulos Cerro de la Mica,
Quillagua, Cerro Posada y Oficina Prosperidad, Regin de
Antofagasta. Instituto de Investigaciones Geolgicas, Santiago,
Carta Geolgicas de Chile 1:50 000, 45-48, 63 pp.
Malumin, N. and Ploszkiewicz, J.V., 1976. El Lisico fosilfero de
Loncopn, Departamento Tehuelches, Provincia del Chubut, Re-
pblica Argentina. Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina,
31(4): 279-280, Buenos Aires.
Manceido, M.O., Damborenea, M.O., 1984. Megafauna de Invertebra-
dos Paleozoicos y Mesozoicos. In: Geologa y Recursos naturales de
la Provincia de Ro Negro, Relatorio 9 Congreso Geolgico Ar-
gentino (San Carlos de Bariloche), Actas 2(5): 413-465.
Marinovic, N. y Covacevich., V., 1994. Antecedentes sobre el hallazgo
de Trisico superior marino en Cerro Minado, Depressin Central,
Regin de Antofagasta. 7 Congreso Geolgico Chileno, Actas 1:
476-478, Concepcin.
Marinovic, N., Smoje I., Maksaev V., Herv M., and Mpodozis, C.,
1995. Hoja Aguas Blancas. Servicio Nacional de Geologa y Mine-
ra, Santiago, Carta Geolgica de Chile 1:250 000, 70, 150 p.
Massaferro, G.I., 2001. El Jursico temprano del cerro Cuche (Cordille-
ra Patagnica del Chubut): estratigrafa y fsiles. Revista de la
Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, 56(2): 244-248.
Mgard, F., 1973. Etude gologique dune transversale des Andes au
niveau du Prou central. Doctoral thesis, Universit de Montpellier,
248
263 p.
Mgard, F., 1978, Etude gologique des Andes du Prou central. Mmoires
Orstom, Paris, 86, 310 p.
Mercado, M., 1980. Geologa del Area Pan de Azcar, Regin de Atacama.
Servicio Nacional de Geologa y Minera, Santiago, Carta Geolgica
de Chile 1:100 000, 37, 30 pp.
Mir, R.C., 1967. Geologa glaciaria y pre-glaciaria del Valle de Epuyen.
Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, 22(3): 177-202,
Buenos Aires.
Monbru, C.A. and Uliana, M.A., 1978. Esquema tectonosedimentario
de la Cuenca Mesozica de Mendoza y Neuquen. 7 Congreso
Geolgico Argentino (Neuqun), Actas 2: 239-256.
Morata, D., Aguirre, L., Oyarzn, M., and Vergara, M., 2000. Crustal
contribution in the genesis of the bimodal Triassic volcanism from
the Coastal Range, central Chile. Revista Geolgica de Chile, 27(1):
83-98, Santiago.
Moscoso, R. y Covacevich, V., 1982. Las sedimentitas Trisico-Jursicas
al Sur de Canto del Agua, Cordillera de la Costa, Regin de Atacama,
Chile : descripcin de la formacin Canto del Agua. 3 Congreso
Geolgico Chileno, Actas 3: F179-F196, Concepcin.
Moscoso, R., Nasi, C., and Salinas, P., 1982. Hoja Vallenar y parte norte
de La Serena, Regiones de Atacama y Coquimbo. Servicio Nacional
de Geologa y Minera, Santiago, Carta Geolgica de Chile 1:250
000, 55, 100 p.
Mpodozis, A.C., 1974. Geologa de la Cordillera de Ovalle, Provincia de
Coquimbo, entre los 3020' y 3055' latitud sur. Doctoral thesis,
Universidad de Chile, (unpublished), Santiago, 191 p.
Mpodozis, C., 1984. Dinmica de los margenes continentales activos.
In: Seminario, actualizacin de la Geologa de Chile - Apuntes,
Servicio Nacional de Geologa y Mineria, Miscelanea 4: A1-A22,
Santiago.
Mpodozis, C., Cornejo, P., 1988. Hoja Pisco Elqui, IV Regin de
Coquimbo. Servicio Nacional de Geologa y Minera, Carta Geolgica
de Chile 1 :250 000, 68, 164 pp.
Mpodozis, C., Cornejo, P., 1997. El rift trisico-sinemuriano de Sierra
Exploradora, Cordillera de Domeyko (25-26S): asociaciones de
facies y reconstruccin tectnica. 8 Congreso Geolgico Chileno,
Actas 1: 550-554, Antofagasta.
Mpodozis, C., Parada, M.A., Rivano, S., and Vicente, J-C., 1976. Acerca
del plutonismo tardi-hercnico de la Cordillera Frontal entre los
30 y 33 Sur (Provincias de Mendoza y San Juan - Argentina ;
Coquimbo - Chile). 6 Congreso Geolgico Argentino (Baha Blan-
ca), Actas 1: 143-171.
Mpodozis, C. and Ramos, V.A., 1990. The Andes of Chile and Argenti-
na. In: Ericksen, G.E., Caas Pinochet, M.T., Reinemund, J.A.,
(eds.), Geology of the Andes and its relation to hydrocarbon and
mineral resources, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral
Resources, Earth Sciences Series, 11: 59-90, Houston.
Mpodozis, C., Rivano, S., and Vicente, J-C., 1973. Resultados prelimina-
res del estudio geolgico de la Alta Cordillera de Ovalle entre los
ros Grande y Los Molles (Provincia de Coquimbo, Chile). 5 Con-
greso Geolgico Argentino (Carlos Paz), Actas 4: 117-132.
Muoz Cristi, J., 1960. Contribucin al conocimiento geolgico de la
Cordillera de la Costa de la Zona Central. Revista Minerales, 69:
28-47, Santiago.
Muoz Cristi, J., 1973. Geologa de Chile. Prepaleozico-Paleozico y
Mesozico. Ed. Bello, A., 209 pp., Santiago.
Musacchio, E.A., 1981. Estratigrafa de la sierra Pampa de Agnia en la
regin extraandina de la provincia del Chubut, Argentina. 8 Con-
greso Geolgico Argentino, Actas 3: 343-357, Buenos Aires.
Musacchio, E.A. and Riccardi, A., 1971. Estratigrafa, principalmente
del Jursico, en la Sierra de Agnia, Chubut, Repblica Argentina.
Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, 26(2): 272-273,
Buenos Aires.
Naranjo, J.A., 1978 a. Geologa del Cuadrangulo Las Bombas y sector
septentrional del Cuadrangulo El Salado, Regin de Atacama. Doc-
toral thesis, Universidad de Chile, (unpublished), 117 p., Santiago.
Naranjo, J.A., 1978 b. Zona interior de la Cordillera de la Costa entre los
2600' y 2620', Regin de Atacama. Instituto de Investigaciones
J. C. Vicente
Geolgicas, Santiago, Carta Geolgica de Chile 1:100 000 , 34, 48
p.
Naranjo, J.A. and Covacevich, V., 1979. Nuevos antecedentes sobre la
geologa de la Cordillera de Domeyko en el area de Sierra Vaquillas
Altas, Regin de Antofagasta. 2 Congreso Geolgico Chileno
(Arica), Actas 1: 45-64.
Naranjo, J.A. and Puig, A., 1984. Geologa de las Hojas Taltal y Chaaral,
regiones de Antofagasta y Atacama. Servicio Nacional de Geologa
y Minera, Santiago, Carta Geolgica de Chile 1:250 000, 62-63,
140 p.
Nasi C., Moscoso R., and Maksaev, V. 1990. Hoja Guanta, Regin de
Coquimbo. Servicio Nacional de Geologa y Minera, Santiago, Car-
ta Geolgica de Chile 1:250 000, 67, 140 p.
Niemeyer, H., 1975. Geologa de la regin comprendida entre el Lago
General Carrera y el Ro Chacabuco, Provincia de Aysen, Chile.
Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Chile, (unpublished), 308 p., San-
tiago.
Niemeyer, H., Venegas, R., Baeza, L., and Soto, H., 1985. Reconoci-
miento geolgico del sector sur-occidental del Cuadrngulo Cerro
Yocas, ubicado en la zona de falla Quebrada Blanca - Chuquicamata,
Regin de Antofagasta. 4 Congreso Geolgico Chileno, Actas 4:
1-629-653, Antofagasta.
Nullo, F., 1983. Descripcin geolgica de la Hoja 45 c, Pampa de Agnia,
Provincia de Chubut. Servicio Geolgico Nacional, 199, 94 p.,
Buenos Aires
Ortiz, F.J., Corvalan, J., Segerstrom, K., and Garca, F., 1960. Geologa
y estratigrafa del area entre Chaaral y Taltal. Instituto de Inves-
tigaciones Geolgicas (unpublished report), Santiago.
Oviedo, L.E., 1977. Geologa de una transversal en la Precordillera de
Atacama, al ENE de Inca de Oro (2645S). Doctoral thesis, Uni-
versidad de Chile, (unpublished), 81 pp., Santiago.
Pngaro, F., Ramos, V.A.y Godoy, E., 1996. La faja plegada de la Cordi-
llera Principal de Argentina y Chile a la latitud del Cerro Palomares
(3335S). 13 Congreso Geolgico Argentino y 3 Congreso de
Exploracin de Hidrocarburos, Actas 2: 315-324, Buenos Aires.
Parker, G., 1965. Levantamiento geolgico en escala 1:100 000 entre
las Estancias Catan Lil y Saico, Provincia del Neuquen. Yacimien-
tos Petrolferos Fiscales (unpublished report), Buenos Aires.
Prez, E., 1978, Bioestratigrafa del Jursico de Quebrada Asientos,
Norte de Potrerillos, Regin de Atacama. Doctoral thesis, Univer-
sidad de Chile, (unpublished), 188 p., Santiago.
Prez, E., 1982. Bioestratigrafa del Jursico de Quebrada Asientos,
Norte de Potrerillos, Regin de Atacama. Servicio Nacional de
Geologa y Minera, Santiago, 37, 149 p.
Prez, E. y Reyes, R., 1977. Las Trigonias jursicas de Chile y su valor
cronoestratigrfico. Instituto de Investigaciones Geolgicas, 30,
58 p., Santiago.
Piatnitzky, A., 1936. Estudio geolgico de la regin del Ro Chubut y del
Ro Genoa. Boletn de Informaciones Petroleras, 13(137): 83-118,
Buenos Aires.
Pindell, J.L. and Tabbut, K.D., 1995. Mesozoic-Cenozoic Andean
Paleogeography and Regional Controls on Hydrocarbon Systems.
In: Tankard, A.J., et al., (eds.), Petroleum basins of South America.
American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 62: 101-
128.
Polanski, J., 1964. Descripcin geolgica de la Hoja 25a, Volcn San
Jos (Provincia de Mendoza). Direccin Nacional de Geologa y
Minera, 98, 94 pp., Buenos Aires.
Polanski, J., 1972. Descripcin geolgica de la Hoja 24a-b, Cerro
Tupungato, Provincia de Mendoza. Direccin Nacional de Geolo-
ga y Minera, 128, 110 p., Buenos Aires.
Portugal, J., 1974. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Tectonic
Events of Puno-Santa Lucia Area, Departement of Puno, Per.
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 58(6):
982-999.
Prinz, P., 1986. Mitteljurassische korallen als flachwasseranzeiger in N-
Chile. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (A), 211: 168-
169.
Quinzio, L.A., 1987. Stratigraphische Untersuchungen im Unterjura des
Dynamic paleogeography of the Jurassic Andean Basin...
Sdteils der Provinz Antofagasta in Nord-Chile. Berliner
geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen.(A), 87, 100 pp.
Ramos, V., 1976, Estratigrafa de los Lagos La Plata y Fontana. 1
Congreso Geolgico Chileno, Actas 1: A43-A64, Santiago.
Ramos, V.A., 1978. Estructura. In: Geologa y Recursos Naturales del
Neuquen. 7 Congreso Geolgico Argentino (Neuqun), Relatorio:
99-118.
Ramos, V.A., 1985 a. El Mesozoico de la Alta Cordillera de
Mendoza: facies y desarrollo estratigrfico, Argentina. 4 Congre-
so Geolgico Chileno (Antofagasta), Actas 1 (1): 492-513.
Ramos, V.A., 1985 b. El Mesozoico de la Alta Cordillera de
Mendoza: reconstruccin tectnica de sus facies,
Argentina. 4 Congreso Geolgico Chileno (Antofagasta), Actas
1(2): 104- 118.
Ramos, V.A., 1998. Estructura del sector occidental de la faja plegada y
corrida del Agrio, cuenca Neuquina, Argentina. 10 Congreso Lati-
noamericano de Geologa (Buenos Aires), Actas 2: 105-110.
Ramos, V. and Blasco, G., 1978. El Titoniano del Arroyo Pedregoso,
Lago Fontana, Provincia del Chubut, Repblica Argentina. 2 Con-
greso Argentino de Paleontologa y Bioestratigrafa y I Congreso
Latinoamericano de Paleontologa, Abstracts: 32, Buenos Aires.
Ramos, V.A., Aguirre Urreta, M.B., and Lencinas, A., 1993. El Toarciano
fosilfero de Pachn y sus relaciones con el Jursico marino de la
Cordillera Principal de San Juan. 12 Congreso Geolgico Argenti-
no y 2 Congreso de Exploracin de Hidrocarburos (Mendoza),
Actas 2: 94-103.
Reutter, K-J., 1974. Entwicklung und Bauplan der chilenischen
Hochkordillere im Bereich 29 sdlicher Breite. Neues Jahrbuch
Geol. Palont. Abhandlungen, 146(2): 153-178, Stuttgart.
Riccardi, A.C., 1983. The Jurassic of Argentina and Chile. In: Moulade,
M., Nairn, A.E.M., (eds.), The Phanerozoic Geology of the World
II, The Mesozoic B. Ed. Elsevier Scientific Publications, 201-263,
Amsterdam.
Riccardi, A.C. and Damborenea, S.E., 1993. Lxico Estratigrfico de la
Argentina, volumen IX, Jursico. Asociacin Geolgica Argentina,
Buenos Aires, Serie B (Didctica y Complementaria) 21, 470 pp.
Riccardi, A.C., Damborenea, S.E., Manceido, M.O. and Ballent, S.C.,
1988. Hettangiano y Sinemuriano marinos en Argentina. 5 Con-
greso Geolgico Chileno, Actas 2: C359-C373, Santiago.
Riccardi, A.C., Damborenea, S.E., Manceido, M.O. and Ballent, S.C.,
1991. Hettangian and Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) biostratigraphy
of Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 4(3):
159-170.
Riccardi, A.C. and Gulisano, C.A., 1990. Unidades limitadas por
discontinuidades. Su aplicacin al Jursico andino. Revista de la
Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, 45(3-4): 346-364, Buenos Aires.
Riccardi, A.C. and Iglesia, M.P., 1999. El genero Choristoceras Hauer
(Ammonoidea) en el Trisico marino de la Argentina. 14 Congre-
so Geolgico Argentino (Salta), Actas 1: 52.
Riccardi, A.C., Scasso, R., Iglesia, M.P., Lanes, S., Damborenea, S.E. and
Manceido, M.O., 1997. Hallazgo de Trisico marino fosilfero en
la Argentina. VIII Congreso Geolgico Chileno, Actas 1: 578-
579, Antofagasta.
Riccardi, A.C., Westermann, C.E.G., and Elmi, S. 1988. Zonas de
Amonites del Bathoniano-Caloviano inferior de los Andes Argen-
tino-Chilenos. 5 Congreso Geolgico Chileno, 2: 415-426, San-
tiago.
Rivano, S., 1975. Reconocimiento geolgico de las Nacientes del Ro
Grande (Alta Cordillera de Ovalle, entre los 3050' y 31204 latitud
sur, Provincia de Coquimbo). Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Chile,
(unpublished), 214 pp., Santiago.
Rivano, S., 1980. Cuadrngulo D-86, Las Ramadas, Carrizal y Paso Ro
Negro. Region de Coquimbo. Instituto de Investigaciones
Geolgicas, Santiago, Cartas Geolgicas de Chile 41-44, 68 pp.
Rivano, S. and Mpodozis, C., 1976. Note on the Jurassic (Dogger-Malm)
paleovolcanism in the Main Range between 3030' and 3120' South
Lat. (Coquimbo Province, Chile). In: Gonzalez Ferran, O., (ed.),
Proceedings of the Symposium on Andean and Antarctic
Volcanology Problems (Santiago), International Association of
249
Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earths Interior, Special Series:
249-266, Napoli.
Rolleri, E.O., 1969. Discordancia en la base del Neopaleozoico al Este
de Esquel. 4 Jornadas Geolgicas Argentinas (Mendoza), Actas 2:
273-277.
Rosenfeld, U., 1983. Entwicklungsstadien des Neuquen-Beckens/
Argentinien und ihre Beziehungen zum pazifischen Rand
Sdamerikas. Zentralblat Geologie und Palontologie (I), 1(3-4):
402-416, Stuttgart.
Rosenfeld, U., Volkheimer, W., 1979. Types of paleoenvironments of
the Middle Jurassic Lajas Formation (Neuquen Basin, Argentina).
4th International Gondwana Symposium, 238-247, Calcutta.
Rosenfeld, U. and Volkheimer, W., 1980. Turbidite and andere rhythmite
im tieferen Jura des Neuquen-Beckens (Argentinien). Neues Jahrbuch
fr Geologie und Palontologie Abhandlungen, 159(3): 379-421,
Stuttgart.
Salinas, E.E., 1986. Evolucin paleogeogrfica del Sur del Per a la luz
de los mtodos de anlisis sedimentolgicos de las series del Depto.
de Tacna. Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional San Agustn,
(unpublished), 200 pp., Arequipa.
Scheuber, E., Hammerschmidt, K., and Friedrichsen, H., 1995. 40Ar/39Ar
and Rb-Sr analyses from ductile shear zones from the Atacama
Fault Zone, northern Chile: the age of deformation. Tectonophysics,
250: 61-87.
Seplveda, P. and Naranjo, J.A., 1982. Hoja Carrera Pinto, Region de
Atacama. Servicio Nacional de Geologa y Minera, Santiago, Carta
Geolgica de Chile 1:100 000, 53, 60 pp.
Skarmeta, J., 1978. Geologa de la region continental de Aisn entre los
45 y 46 de latitud sur. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Chile,
(unpublished), 226 p., Santiago.
Sruoga, P., Etcheverra, M., Folguera, A. y Repol, D., 2000. Hoja
Geolgica 3569-I, Volcn Maipo, Provincia Mendoza. Servicio
Geolgico Minero Argentino, 290, 116 pp., Buenos Aires.
Stipanicic, P., 1966. El Jursico en Vega de la Veranada (Neuquen), el
Oxfordense y el diastrofismo Divesiano (Agassiz-Yaila) en Argen-
tina. Revista de la Sociedad Geolgica Argentina, 20(4): 403-478,
Buenos Aires.
Stipanicic, P., 1967. Consideraciones sobre las edades de algunas fases
magmticas del Neopaleozico y Mesozico. Revista de la Asocia-
cin Geolgica Argentina, 22(2): 101-133, Buenos Aires.
Stipanicic, P., 1969. El avance en los conocimientos del Jursico argen-
tino a partir del esquema de Groeber. Revista de la Asociacin
Geolgica Argentina, 24(4): 367-388, Buenos Aires.
Stipanicic, P. and Bonetti, M.I.R., 1970. Posiciones estratigrficas y
edades de las principales floras jursicas argentinas. Ameghiniana,
7(1): 57-78 and 7(2):101-118, Buenos Aires.
Stipanicic, P. and Mingramm, A., 1953. Jursico. In: Groeber, P., ed.,
Mesozico. Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Geograficos GA, 2(1):
143-347, Buenos Aires.
Stipanicic, P., Rodrigo, F., 1970. El diastrofismo Jursico en Argentina
y Chile. 4 Jornadas Geolgicas Argentinas, Mendoza, 2, 353-368.
Surez, M. and Bell, C.M., 1992. Triassic rift-related sedimentary basins
in northen Chile (24-29S). Journal of South American Earth
Sciences, 6(3), 109-121.
Surez, M. and Bell, C.M., 1994. Braided rivers, lakes and sabkhas of the
Upper Triassic Cifuncho Formation, Atacama Region, Chile. Journal
of South American Earth Sciences, 7(1): 25-33.
Surez, M. and De La Cruz, R., 1997. Volcanismo pliniano del Las
durante los inicios de la cuenca de Neuquen, Cordillera del Viento,
Neuqun, Argentina. 8 Congreso Geolgico Chileno, Actas 1: 266-
270, Antofagasta.
Surez, M., Emperan, C. and De La Cruz, R., 1988. Lavas submarinas,
rocas piroclsticas y turbiditas jursicas en los Andes de Lonquimay
((Lat. 38-39S). Comunicaciones, Universidad de Chile, Departa-
mento de Geologa, 39: 39, Santiago.
Suarez, M., Naranjo, J.A., and Puig, A., 1982. Volcanismo lisico infe-
rior en la regin costera de Antofagasta meridional: piroclastitas
en la Formacin Pan de Azucar e implicancias paleogeogrficas.
Revista Geolgica de Chile, 17: 83-90, Santiago.
250
Suero, T., 1947. Reconocimiento geolgico de la zona comprendida
entre Cordon Cherque-Cordon Putrachoique-Rio Tecka y Sierra de
Languineo (Deptos. Tehuelches y Languineo), Terr. Nac. del Chubut.
Yacimientos Petrolferos Fiscales, (unpublished report), Buenos
Aires.
Sugimura, A., 1968. Spatial relations of basaltic magmas in island arcs.
In: Hess, H.H., Poldervaart, A., (eds.), Basalts: the Poldervaart
Treatise on rocks of basaltic composition. Ed. Interscience, 2:
537-571, New York.
Thiele, R., 1965. El Trisico y Jursico del Departamento de Curepto en
la Provincia de Talca. Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias
Fsicas y Matemticas, Departamento de Geologa, 28, 46 p., San-
tiago.
Thiele, R., 1980. Hoja Santiago, Regin Metropolitana. Instituto de
Investigaciones Geolgicas, Santiago, Carta Geolgica de Chile
1:250 000, 39, 51 p.
Thiele, R., Castillo, J.C., Hein, R., Romero, G., and Ulloa, M., 1979.
Geologa del sector fronterizo de Chiloe continental entre los 4300'-
4345' latitud sur, Chile (Columnas de Futaleuf y Palena). 7 Con-
greso Geolgico Argentino (Neuqun), Actas 1: 577-591.
Tobar, A., 1966. Estratigrafa del area Baquedano-Rencoret, Provincia
de Antofagasta. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Chile, (unpublished),
69 pp., Santiago.
Thomas, H., 1958, Geologa de la Cordillera de la Costa entre el Valle de
La Ligua la Cuesta de Barriga. Instituto de Investigaciones
Geolgicas, 2: 86 p., Santiago.
Uliana, M.A., Bibble, K.T., and Cerdan, J., 1989. Mesozoic extension
and the formation of Argentine Sedimentary Basins. In: Tankard,
R.J., Balkwill, H.R., (eds.), Extensional tectonics and stratigraphy
of the North Atlantic margin. American Association of Petroleum
Geologists, Memoir 46: 599-614.
Uliana, M.A. and Legarreta, L., 1999. Jursico y Cretcico de la Cuenca
del Golfo de San Jorge. In: Caminos, R., (ed.), Geologa Argentina.
Servicio Geolgico Minero Argentino, Anales 29: 496-510.
Urien, C.M., Zambrano, J.J. and Yrigoyen, M.R., 1995. Petroleum Basins
of Southern South America: An Overview. In: Tankard, A.J. et al.,
(eds.), Petroleum basins of South America. American Association
of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 62: 63-77.
Vicente, J-C., 1970. Reflexiones sobre la porcin meridional del sistema
peripacfico oriental. Conference on solid earth problems, Buenos
Aires. Symposium on the results of upper mantle investigations
with special emphasis on Latin America, 37-1: 162-188, Buenos
Aires.
Vicente, J-C., 1972. Aperu sur lorganisation et lvolution des Andes
argentino-chiliennes centrales au parallle de lAconcagua. 24
International Geological Congress, 3: 423-436, Montral.
Vicente, J-C., 1975. El Jursico marino de la Alta Cordillera de San Juan
y Mendoza (3130' a 33 Sur): Cambios de facies y paleogeografa.
6 Congreso Geolgico Argentino (Baha Blanca), Actas 1 : 21-22.
Vicente, J-C., 1976. Exemple de volcanisme initial euliminaire: les
complexes albitophyriques no-triasiques et mso-jurassiques du
secteur ctier des Andes Mridionales centrales (32 33 L. Sud).
In: Gonzalez Ferran, O., (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium on
Andean and Antarctic Volcanology Problems (Santiago),
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the
Earths Interior, Special Series: 267-329, Napoli.
Vicente, J-C., 1981. Elementos de la estratigrafa mesozica sur-perua-
na. In: Volkheimer, W., Musacchio, E.A., (eds.), Cuencas
sedimentarias del Jursico y Cretcico de America del Sur. Comit
Sudamericano del Jursico y Cretcico, 1: 319-351, Buenos Aires.
J. C. Vicente
Vicente, J-C., 1984. South American Basin Analysis. In: Westermann,
G.E.G., (ed.), IGCP Project 171, Circum-Pacific Jurassic Research
GroupReport 2: 32-37, Hamilton,.
Vicente, J-C., 1993, Andean tectonics and crustal shortening: The An-
des of Aconcagua and their structure. 2d International Symposium
on Andean Geodynamics (ISAG 93) (Oxford), Ed. Orstom, 271-
273, Paris.
Vicente, J-C., 1998. Nocin de accidente mayor andino en los Andes
meridionales centrales. 10 Congreso Latinoamericano de Geolo-
ga y 6 Congreso Nacional de Geologa Econmica, Actas 1: 4-11,
Buenos Aires.
Vicente, J-C., Beaudoin, B., Chavez, A., and Len, I., 1982. La Cuenca
de Arequipa (Sur Per) durante el Jursico-Cretcico inferior. 5
Congreso Latinoamericano de Geologa, Actas 1: 121-153, Bue-
nos Aires.
Vicente, J-C., Fuenzalida, R., Davidson, J., and Harambour, S., 1985.
Consideraciones sedimentolgicas del Jursico del Norte Grande de
Chile. 4 Congreso Geolgico Chileno, Abstract: 53, Antofagasta.
Volkheimer, W., 1970. Neuere Ergebnisse der Anden Stratigraphie von
Sd-Mendoza (Argentinien) und benachbarter Gebiete und
Bemerkungen zur Klimageschichte des Sdlichen Andenraums.
Geologische Rundshau, 59(3): 1088-1124, Stuttgart.
Volkheimer, W., 1973. Palinologa estratigrfica del Jursico de la Sierra
de Chacaic y adyacencias (Cuenca Neuquina, Rep. Argentina). I-
Estratigrafa de las Formaciones Sierra Chacaic (Pleinsbachiano),
Los Molles (Toarciano-Aaleniano), Cura Niyeu (Bajociano) y La-
jas (Caloviano inferior)). Ameghiniana, 10(2): 105-131, Buenos
Aires.
Volkheimer, W., Manceido, M., and Damborenea, S. 1977. La Forma-
cin Los Patos (nov. Form.), Jursico inferior de la Alta Cordillera
de la provincia de San Juan (Repblica Argentina), en su localidad
tipo (Rio de los Patos Sur). Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica
Argentina, 32(4): 300-311, Buenos Aires.
Wahnish, E., 1942, Observaciones geolgicas en el Oeste del Chubut.
Estratigrafa y fauna del Lisico en los alrededores del Ro Genoa.
Direccin de Minas y Geologa, 51, 73 pp., Buenos Aires.
Westermann, G.E.G. and Riccardi, A.C., 1972. Middle Jurassic ammonoid
fauna and biochronology of the Argentine-Chilean Andes. Part I :
Hildocerataceae. Palaeontographica A, 140: 1-116.
Wilson, J.J. y Garca, W., 1962. Geologa de los Cuadrangulos de Pacha
y Palca (Hojas 36v y 36x). Comisin Carta Geolgica Nacional,
2(4), 82 p., Lima.
Zambrano, J.J., 1987. Las cuencas sedimentarias de America del Sur
durante el Jursico y Cretcico : su relacin con la actividad tectnica
y magmatica. In : Volkheimer, W., (ed.), Bioestratigrafa de los
Sistemas Regionales del Jursico y Cretcico de America del Sur.
Comit sudamericano del Jursico y Cretcico, 1: 1-48, Buenos
Aires.
Zeil, W., 1960. Geologie von Chile. Ed. Borntraeger, G., 231 pp., Berlin.
Zollner, W. y Amos, A.J., 1973. Descripcin geolgica de la Hoja 32b,
Chos Malal, Provincia del Neuquen. Servicio Geolgico Nacional,
143, 91 p., Buenos Aires.
Recibido: 01/12/04
Aceptado: 01/02/05