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GUIA DE TRABAJO
Materia: Matemticas Gua #38.
Tema: Productos notables.
Fecha: ____________
Profesor: Fernando Viso
Nombre del alumno:___________________________________________
Seccin del alumno:____________________________________________
CONDICIONES:
Trabajo individual.
Sin libros, ni cuadernos, ni notas.
Sin celulares.
Es obligatorio mostrar explcitamente, el procedimiento empleado para
resolver cada problema.
No se contestarn preguntas ni consultas de ningn tipo.
No pueden moverse de su asiento. ni pedir borras, ni lpices, ni
calculadoras prestadas.
Marco Terico:
( x + a ) ( x - a ) = x2 - a2
( x + a ) ( x + b ) = x + ( a + b ) x + ab
2
( x + a ) ( x - b ) = x + ( a - b ) x - ab
2
( x + a) ( x + a) = ( x + a)
2
= x 2 + 2 xa + a 2
( x - a ) ( x - a ) = ( x - a ) = x 2 - 2ax + a 2
2
( x + a) ( x + a) ( x + a) = ( x + a)
3
= x 3 + 3x 2 a + 3xa 2 + a 3
(
x3 + a3 = ( x + a ) x 2 - ax + a 2 )
x3 - a3 = ( x - a) ( x 2
+ ax + a 2 )
( x - a) ( x - a) ( x - a) = ( x - a)
3
= x3 - 3x 2 a + 3xa 2 - a 3
( a + b + c ) ( a - b - c ) = a - b - 2bc - c
2 2 2
PREGUNTAS:
1.- Resolver:
FVR (22/06/2011) 1
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
( x - 5 ) ( x + 8) =
= x 2 + 3x - 40
2.- Resolver:
( 9 + 4m ) =
2
= 81 + 72m + 16m 2
3.- Resolver:
( 4m )
2
5
+ 5n 6
=
= 16m10 + 40m5 n6 + 25n12
4.- Resolver:
( )
2
7 a 2b3 + 5 x 4 =
= 49a 4b 6 + 70a 2b3 x 4 + 25 x8
5.- Resolver:
( )
2
8 x 2 y + 9m3 =
= 64 x 4 y 2 + 144 x 2 ym3 + 81m6
( x + y + z)
2
6.- Resolver: =
( x + y + z) = ( ) + 2x ( y + z ) + ( y + z )
2 2 2
x + y + z
= x 2
x 2 + 2 xy + 2 xz + y 2 + 2 yz + z 2 =
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xy + 2 xz + 2 yz
( x + y - z)
2
7.- Resolver: =
FVR (22/06/2011) 2
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
x + ( y - z)
= x + 2 x ( y - z ) + ( y - z ) x + 2 xy - 2 xz + y - 2 yz + z
2 2 2 2 2 2
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xy - 2 xz - 2 yz
8.- Resolver:
(x 2
+ a2 ) ( x2 - a2 ) =
= x 4 - a 4
9.- Resolver:
( )
2
x a +1 + y x - 2 =
= x 2 a + 2 + 2 x a +1 ( )( )
y x -2 + y 2 x -4
10.- Resolver:
( 1 - 8 xy ) ( 8 xy + 1) = ( 1 - 8 xy ) ( 1 + 8 xy ) =
= 1 - 64 x 2 y 2
11.- Resolver:
(a x +1
)( ) ( )(
- 2b x -1 2b x -1 + a x +1 = a x +1 - 2b x -1 a x +1 + 2b x -1 = )
= a 2 x + 2 - 4b 2 x -2
12.- Resolver: ( x + y + z) ( x + y - z) =
(x + y ) + z ( ) ( )
2
x + y - z
= x + y - z 2
= x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy - z 2
13.- Resolver:
FVR (22/06/2011) 3
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
( x + y + z) ( x - y - z) =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
x + y + z
x - y + z = x 2
- y - z
= x 2 - y 2 + 2 yz - z 2
14.- Resolver:
(x 3
)( )
- x 2 - x x3 + x 2 + x =
x - ( x + x )
x + ( x + x )
= ( x ) - ( x )
2 2
3 2 3 2 3 2
+x =
= x - ( x + 2x + x ) =
6 4 3 2
= x 6 - x 4 - 2 x 3 - x 2
15.- Resolver:
( m - n - 1) ( m - n + 1) =
(m - n ) - 1( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
m - n + 1
= m - n - 1 = m 2
- 2 mn + n 2
-1
= m 2 - 2mn + n 2 - 1
16.- Resolver:
( x + y - 2) ( x - y + 2) =
x + ( y - 2 )
x - ( y - 2 )
= x - ( y - 2 ) = x - y - 4 y + 4 =
2 2 2 2
( )
= x 2 - y 2 + 4 y - 4
17.- Resolver:
(n 2
)(
+ 2n + 1 n 2 - 2n - 1 = )
= ( n ) - ( 2n + 1) = n - ( 4n + 4n + 1) =
2
n 2 + ( 2n + 1)
n 2 - ( 2n + 1)
2
=
2 4 2
= n 4 - 4n 2 - 4n - 1
18.- Resolver:
FVR (22/06/2011) 4
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
(a 2
)(
- 2 a + 3 a 2 + 2a + 3 = )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
= a + 3 - ( 2a ) =
2
=
a 2 + 3 + 2a
a + 3 - 2a
2 2
= a 4 + 6a 2 + 9 - 4a 2 =
= a 4 + 2a 2 + 9
19. Resolver:
(x 2
- 5x + 6) ( x 2 + 5x - 6 ) =
( )
2
( ) ( ) - ( 5x - 6 ) =
2
=
x
2
- 5 x - 6
x 2
+ 5 x - 6
= x 2
= x 4 - 25 x 2 + 60 x - 36
20.- Resolver:
( xy 2
)(
- 9 xy 2 + 12 = )
( ) + ( 12 - 9 ) xy + ( 12 ) ( -9 ) =
2
= xy 2 2
= x 2 y 4 + 3 xy 2 - 108
21.- Resolver:
(a x +1
)(
- 6 a x +1 - 5 = )
=(a )
2
x +1
- ( 6 + 5 ) a x +1 + ( -6 ) ( -5 ) =
= a 2 x + 2 - 11a x +1 + 30
22.- Resolver:
FVR (22/06/2011) 5
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
( a + 2 ) ( a - 3) ( a - 2 ) ( a + 3) =
( a + 2 ) ( a - 2 ) ( a + 3) ( a - 3) = ( a 2 - 4 ) ( a 2 - 9 ) =
= a 4 - 13a 2 + 36
23.- Resolver:
( 2 x + 1) =
3
= ( 2x) + 3( 2x) + 3( 2x ) +1 =
3 2
= 8 x 3 + 12 x 2 + 6 x + 1
24.- Resolver:
( 4n + 3 )
3
=
= ( 4n ) + 3 ( 4 n ) ( 3 ) + 3 ( 4n ) ( 3 ) + ( 3) =
3 2 2 3
(a )
3
2
- 2b =
( ) ( ) ( 2b ) + 3 ( a ) ( 2b ) - ( 2b )
3 2 2 3
= a 2
-3 a 2 2
=
= a 6 - 6a 4b + 12a 2b 2 - 8b3
FVR (22/06/2011) 6
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
( 2x + 3 y )
3
26.- =
Solucin:
( 2x ) + 3( 2x ) ( 3 y ) + 3( 2x ) ( 3 y ) + ( 3y ) =
3 2 2 3
R = 8 x 3 + 36 x 2 y + 54 xy 2 + 27 y 3
( )
3
27.- 1 - a 2 =
Solucin:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
1 - 3 a2 + 3 a2 - a2 =
R = 1 - 3a 2 + 3a 4 - a 6
28.- (x y 3 3
)(
- 6 x3 y 3 + 8 = )
Solucin:
( x3 y3 ) + ( 8 - 6 ) ( x3 y 3 ) - 48 =
2
R = x 6 y 6 + 2 x 3 y 3 - 48
29.- ( x + 1) ( x - 1) ( x 2 - 2 ) =
Solucin:
(x 2
)(
-1 x2 - 2 = )
R = x 4 - 3x 2 + 2
30.-
(
( a + 3) a 2 + 9 ( a - 3 ) = )
Solucin:
(
R = a 2 - 9 a 2 + 9 = a 4 - 81 )( )
FVR (22/06/2011) 7
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
31.- ( x + 5) ( x - 5) ( x 2 + 1) =
Solucin:
(x 2
)( )
- 25 x 2 + 1 = x 4 - ( 25 - 1) x 2 - 25 =
R = x 4 - 24 x 2 - 25
32.- ( a + 1) ( a - 1) ( a + 2 ) ( a - 2 ) =
Solucin:
(a 2
)( )
-1 a2 - 4 = a4 - ( 1 + 4) a2 + 4 =
R = a 4 - 5a 2 + 4
33.- ( a + 2 ) ( a - 3) ( a - 2 ) ( a + 3) =
Solucin:
(a 2
- 4 ) ( a 2 - 9 ) = a 4 - ( 4 + 9 ) a 2 + 36 =
R = a 4 - 13a 2 + 36
COCIENTES NOTABLES:
x2 -1
1.- =
x +1
Solucin:
( x + 1) ( x - 1) = x - 1
R= ( )
( x + 1)
1 - x2
2.- =
1- x
FVR (22/06/2011) 8
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
Solucin:
( 1+ x) ( 1- x) = 1+ x
R= ( )
( 1- x)
3.-
x2 - y2
=
x+ y
Solucin:
R=
( x + y) ( x - y) = x - y
( x + y)
4.-
y2 - x2
=
y-x
Solucin:
( y + x) ( y - x)
R= = y+x
( y - x)
x2 - 4
5.- =
x+2
Solucin:
( x + 2) ( x - 2)
R= = x-2
x+2
9 - x4
6.- =
3 - x2
Solucin:
R=
( 3- x ) ( 3+ x ) = 3+ x
2 2
2
3 - x2
a 2 - 4b 2
7.- =
a + 2b
FVR (22/06/2011) 9
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
Solucin:
R=
( a + 2b ) ( a - 2b ) = a - 2b
a + 2b
25 - 36 x 4
8.- =
5 - 6x2
Solucin:
R=
( 5 + 6x ) ( 5 - 6x ) = 5 + 6x
2 2
2
5 - 6x 2
4 x 2 - 9m 2 n 4
9.- =
2 x + 3mn 2
Solucin:
R=
( 2 x - 3mn ) ( 2 x + 3mn ) = 2 x - 3mn
2 2
2
( 2 x + 3mn ) 2
10.-
36m 2 - 49n 2 x 4
=
6m - 7nx 2
Solucin:
R=
( 6m - 7nx ) ( 6m + 7nx ) = 6m + 7nx
2 2
2
6m - 7 nx 2
81a 6 - 100b8
11.- =
9a 3 + 10b 4
Solucin:
R=
( 9a 3
)(
- 10b 4 9a 3 + 10b 4 ) = 9a 3
- 10b 4
9a + 10b
3 4
FVR (22/06/2011) 10
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
a 4b6 - 4 x8 y10
12.- =
a 2b 3 + 2 x 4 y 5
Solucin:
R=
( ab 2 3
)(
- 2 x 4 y 5 a 2b 3 + 2 x 4 y 5 ) =a b 2 3
- 2x4 y5
a b + 2x y
2 3 4 5
x2n - y 2n
13.- n =
x + yn
Solucin:
R=
(x n
- y n ) ( xn + yn )
= xn - y n
xn + y n
a 2 x + 2 - 100
14.- =
a x +1 - 10
Solucin:
R=
(a x +1
)(
- 10 a x +1 + 10 ) =a x +1
+ 10
x +1
a - 10
1 - 9 x 2m+4
15.- =
1 + 3x m+ 2
Solucin:
R=
( 1 - 3x ) ( 1 + 3x ) = 1 - 3x
m+2 m+ 2
m+ 2
( 1 + 3x ) m+2
( x + y) - z2
2
16.- =
( x + y) - z
Solucin:
FVR (22/06/2011) 11
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
( x + y) + z
( x + y) - z
= x + y + z
( )
( x + y) - z
1- ( a + b)
2
17.- =
1+ ( a + b)
Solucin:
1- ( a + b)
1+ ( a + b)
= 1 - a + b
R= ( )
1+ ( a + b)
4 - ( m + n)
2
18.- =
2 + ( m + n)
Solucin:
2 + ( m + n)
2 - ( m + n)
R= = 2 - m + n
( )
2 + ( m + n)
x2 - ( x - y )
2
19.- =
x + ( x - y)
Solucin:
x + ( x - y)
x - ( x - y)
R= = x - x - y
( )
x + ( x - y)
( a + x) - 9 =
2
20.-
( a + x) + 3
Solucin:
FVR (22/06/2011) 12
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
( a + x ) - 3
( a + x ) + 3
= a + x - 3
R= ( )
( a + x) + 3
1 + a3
1.- =
1+ a
Solucin:
R = 1- a + a2
1 - a3
2.- =
1- a
Solucin:
R = 1 + a + a2
x3 + y 3
3.- =
x+ y
Solucin:
R = x 2 - xy + y 2
8a 3 - 1
4.- =
2a - 1
Solucin:
R = 4a 2 + 2a + 1
8 x 3 + 27 y 3
5.- =
2x + 3y
Solucin:
FVR (22/06/2011) 13
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
R = 4 x 2 - 6 xy + 9 y 2
27 m3 - 125n3
6.- =
3m - 5n
Solucin:
R = 9m 2 + +15mn + 25n 2
64a 3 + 343
7.- =
4a + 7
Solucin:
R = 16a 2 - 28a + 49
216 - 125 y 3
8.- =
6 - 5y
Solucin:
R = 36 + 30 y + 25 y 2
1 + a 3b3
9.- =
1 + ab
Solucin:
R = 1 - ab + a 2b 2
729 - 512b3
10.- =
9 - 8b
Solucin:
R = 81 + 72b + 64b 2
a3 x3 + b 3
11.- =
ax + b
Solucin:
FVR (22/06/2011) 14
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
R = a 2 x 2 - abx + b 2
n3 - m3 x 3
12.- =
n - mx
Solucin:
R = n 2 + nmx + m 2 x 2
x 6 - 27 y 3
13.- =
x2 - 3 y
Solucin:
R = x 4 + 3x 2 y + 9 y 2
8a 9 + y 9
14.- =
2a 3 + y 3
Solucin:
R = 4a 6 - 2a 3 y 3 + y 6
1 - x12
15.- =
1 - x4
Solucin:
R = 1 + x 4 + x8
27 x 6 + 1
16.- =
3x 2 + 1
Solucin:
R = 9 x 4 - 3x 2 + 1
64a 3 + b9
17.- =
4a + b 3
FVR (22/06/2011) 15
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables
Solucin:
R = 16a 2 - 4ab3 + b6
a 6 - b6
18.- =
a 2 - b2
Solucin:
R = a 4 + a 2b 2 + b 4
125 - 343 x15
19.- =
5 - 7 x5
Solucin:
R = 25 + 35 x5 + 49 x10
n6 + 1
20.- =
n2 + 1
Solucin:
R = n4 - n2 + 1
FVR (22/06/2011) 16