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U.E.

Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

GUIA DE TRABAJO
Materia: Matemticas Gua #38.
Tema: Productos notables.
Fecha: ____________
Profesor: Fernando Viso
Nombre del alumno:___________________________________________
Seccin del alumno:____________________________________________

CONDICIONES:
Trabajo individual.
Sin libros, ni cuadernos, ni notas.
Sin celulares.
Es obligatorio mostrar explcitamente, el procedimiento empleado para
resolver cada problema.
No se contestarn preguntas ni consultas de ningn tipo.
No pueden moverse de su asiento. ni pedir borras, ni lpices, ni
calculadoras prestadas.

Marco Terico:

( x + a ) ( x - a ) = x2 - a2
( x + a ) ( x + b ) = x + ( a + b ) x + ab
2

( x + a ) ( x - b ) = x + ( a - b ) x - ab
2

( x + a) ( x + a) = ( x + a)
2
= x 2 + 2 xa + a 2
( x - a ) ( x - a ) = ( x - a ) = x 2 - 2ax + a 2
2

( x + a) ( x + a) ( x + a) = ( x + a)
3
= x 3 + 3x 2 a + 3xa 2 + a 3
(
x3 + a3 = ( x + a ) x 2 - ax + a 2 )
x3 - a3 = ( x - a) ( x 2
+ ax + a 2 )
( x - a) ( x - a) ( x - a) = ( x - a)
3
= x3 - 3x 2 a + 3xa 2 - a 3
( a + b + c ) ( a - b - c ) = a - b - 2bc - c
2 2 2

PREGUNTAS:

1.- Resolver:

FVR (22/06/2011) 1
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

( x - 5 ) ( x + 8) =
= x 2 + 3x - 40
2.- Resolver:

( 9 + 4m ) =
2

= 81 + 72m + 16m 2
3.- Resolver:

( 4m )
2
5
+ 5n 6
=
= 16m10 + 40m5 n6 + 25n12
4.- Resolver:

( )
2
7 a 2b3 + 5 x 4 =
= 49a 4b 6 + 70a 2b3 x 4 + 25 x8
5.- Resolver:

( )
2
8 x 2 y + 9m3 =
= 64 x 4 y 2 + 144 x 2 ym3 + 81m6
( x + y + z)
2
6.- Resolver: =
( x + y + z) = ( ) + 2x ( y + z ) + ( y + z )
2 2 2
x + y + z
= x 2

x 2 + 2 xy + 2 xz + y 2 + 2 yz + z 2 =
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xy + 2 xz + 2 yz

( x + y - z)
2
7.- Resolver: =

FVR (22/06/2011) 2
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

x + ( y - z)
= x + 2 x ( y - z ) + ( y - z ) x + 2 xy - 2 xz + y - 2 yz + z
2 2 2 2 2 2

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xy - 2 xz - 2 yz
8.- Resolver:

(x 2
+ a2 ) ( x2 - a2 ) =
= x 4 - a 4
9.- Resolver:

( )
2
x a +1 + y x - 2 =
= x 2 a + 2 + 2 x a +1 ( )( )
y x -2 + y 2 x -4
10.- Resolver:

( 1 - 8 xy ) ( 8 xy + 1) = ( 1 - 8 xy ) ( 1 + 8 xy ) =
= 1 - 64 x 2 y 2
11.- Resolver:

(a x +1
)( ) ( )(
- 2b x -1 2b x -1 + a x +1 = a x +1 - 2b x -1 a x +1 + 2b x -1 = )
= a 2 x + 2 - 4b 2 x -2

12.- Resolver: ( x + y + z) ( x + y - z) =
(x + y ) + z ( ) ( )
2

x + y - z
= x + y - z 2

= x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy - z 2
13.- Resolver:

FVR (22/06/2011) 3
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

( x + y + z) ( x - y - z) =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
x + y + z
x - y + z = x 2
- y - z
= x 2 - y 2 + 2 yz - z 2

14.- Resolver:

(x 3
)( )
- x 2 - x x3 + x 2 + x =

x - ( x + x )
x + ( x + x )
= ( x ) - ( x )
2 2
3 2 3 2 3 2
+x =

= x - ( x + 2x + x ) =
6 4 3 2

= x 6 - x 4 - 2 x 3 - x 2
15.- Resolver:
( m - n - 1) ( m - n + 1) =
(m - n ) - 1( ) ( ) ( )
2 2

m - n + 1
= m - n - 1 = m 2
- 2 mn + n 2
-1
= m 2 - 2mn + n 2 - 1
16.- Resolver:
( x + y - 2) ( x - y + 2) =
x + ( y - 2 )

x - ( y - 2 )
= x - ( y - 2 ) = x - y - 4 y + 4 =
2 2 2 2
( )
= x 2 - y 2 + 4 y - 4
17.- Resolver:

(n 2
)(
+ 2n + 1 n 2 - 2n - 1 = )
= ( n ) - ( 2n + 1) = n - ( 4n + 4n + 1) =
2
n 2 + ( 2n + 1)
n 2 - ( 2n + 1)
2
=

2 4 2

= n 4 - 4n 2 - 4n - 1
18.- Resolver:

FVR (22/06/2011) 4
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

(a 2
)(
- 2 a + 3 a 2 + 2a + 3 = )
( ) ( ) ( )
2

= a + 3 - ( 2a ) =
2
=
a 2 + 3 + 2a
a + 3 - 2a
2 2

= a 4 + 6a 2 + 9 - 4a 2 =
= a 4 + 2a 2 + 9
19. Resolver:

(x 2
- 5x + 6) ( x 2 + 5x - 6 ) =

( )
2
( ) ( ) - ( 5x - 6 ) =
2
=
x

2
- 5 x - 6

x 2
+ 5 x - 6
= x 2

= x 4 - 25 x 2 + 60 x - 36
20.- Resolver:

( xy 2
)(
- 9 xy 2 + 12 = )

( ) + ( 12 - 9 ) xy + ( 12 ) ( -9 ) =
2
= xy 2 2

= x 2 y 4 + 3 xy 2 - 108
21.- Resolver:

(a x +1
)(
- 6 a x +1 - 5 = )
=(a )
2
x +1
- ( 6 + 5 ) a x +1 + ( -6 ) ( -5 ) =
= a 2 x + 2 - 11a x +1 + 30
22.- Resolver:

FVR (22/06/2011) 5
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

( a + 2 ) ( a - 3) ( a - 2 ) ( a + 3) =
( a + 2 ) ( a - 2 ) ( a + 3) ( a - 3) = ( a 2 - 4 ) ( a 2 - 9 ) =
= a 4 - 13a 2 + 36
23.- Resolver:

( 2 x + 1) =
3

= ( 2x) + 3( 2x) + 3( 2x ) +1 =
3 2

= 8 x 3 + 12 x 2 + 6 x + 1
24.- Resolver:

( 4n + 3 )
3
=

= ( 4n ) + 3 ( 4 n ) ( 3 ) + 3 ( 4n ) ( 3 ) + ( 3) =
3 2 2 3

= 64n3 + 144n 2 + 108n + 27


25.- Resolver:

(a )
3
2
- 2b =

( ) ( ) ( 2b ) + 3 ( a ) ( 2b ) - ( 2b )
3 2 2 3
= a 2
-3 a 2 2
=
= a 6 - 6a 4b + 12a 2b 2 - 8b3

FVR (22/06/2011) 6
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

( 2x + 3 y )
3
26.- =

Solucin:
( 2x ) + 3( 2x ) ( 3 y ) + 3( 2x ) ( 3 y ) + ( 3y ) =
3 2 2 3

R = 8 x 3 + 36 x 2 y + 54 xy 2 + 27 y 3

( )
3
27.- 1 - a 2 =

Solucin:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
1 - 3 a2 + 3 a2 - a2 =
R = 1 - 3a 2 + 3a 4 - a 6

28.- (x y 3 3
)(
- 6 x3 y 3 + 8 = )
Solucin:

( x3 y3 ) + ( 8 - 6 ) ( x3 y 3 ) - 48 =
2

R = x 6 y 6 + 2 x 3 y 3 - 48

29.- ( x + 1) ( x - 1) ( x 2 - 2 ) =

Solucin:

(x 2
)(
-1 x2 - 2 = )
R = x 4 - 3x 2 + 2
30.-
(
( a + 3) a 2 + 9 ( a - 3 ) = )
Solucin:

(
R = a 2 - 9 a 2 + 9 = a 4 - 81 )( )

FVR (22/06/2011) 7
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

31.- ( x + 5) ( x - 5) ( x 2 + 1) =
Solucin:

(x 2
)( )
- 25 x 2 + 1 = x 4 - ( 25 - 1) x 2 - 25 =
R = x 4 - 24 x 2 - 25
32.- ( a + 1) ( a - 1) ( a + 2 ) ( a - 2 ) =
Solucin:

(a 2
)( )
-1 a2 - 4 = a4 - ( 1 + 4) a2 + 4 =
R = a 4 - 5a 2 + 4
33.- ( a + 2 ) ( a - 3) ( a - 2 ) ( a + 3) =
Solucin:

(a 2
- 4 ) ( a 2 - 9 ) = a 4 - ( 4 + 9 ) a 2 + 36 =
R = a 4 - 13a 2 + 36
COCIENTES NOTABLES:

Obtener el cociente de:

x2 -1
1.- =
x +1

Solucin:
( x + 1) ( x - 1) = x - 1
R= ( )
( x + 1)
1 - x2
2.- =
1- x

FVR (22/06/2011) 8
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

Solucin:
( 1+ x) ( 1- x) = 1+ x
R= ( )
( 1- x)
3.-
x2 - y2
=
x+ y

Solucin:
R=
( x + y) ( x - y) = x - y
( x + y)
4.-
y2 - x2
=
y-x

Solucin:

( y + x) ( y - x)
R= = y+x
( y - x)
x2 - 4
5.- =
x+2

Solucin:

( x + 2) ( x - 2)
R= = x-2
x+2

9 - x4
6.- =
3 - x2

Solucin:

R=
( 3- x ) ( 3+ x ) = 3+ x
2 2
2

3 - x2

a 2 - 4b 2
7.- =
a + 2b

FVR (22/06/2011) 9
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

Solucin:

R=
( a + 2b ) ( a - 2b ) = a - 2b
a + 2b

25 - 36 x 4
8.- =
5 - 6x2

Solucin:

R=
( 5 + 6x ) ( 5 - 6x ) = 5 + 6x
2 2
2

5 - 6x 2

4 x 2 - 9m 2 n 4
9.- =
2 x + 3mn 2

Solucin:

R=
( 2 x - 3mn ) ( 2 x + 3mn ) = 2 x - 3mn
2 2
2

( 2 x + 3mn ) 2

10.-
36m 2 - 49n 2 x 4
=
6m - 7nx 2

Solucin:

R=
( 6m - 7nx ) ( 6m + 7nx ) = 6m + 7nx
2 2
2

6m - 7 nx 2

81a 6 - 100b8
11.- =
9a 3 + 10b 4

Solucin:

R=
( 9a 3
)(
- 10b 4 9a 3 + 10b 4 ) = 9a 3
- 10b 4
9a + 10b
3 4

FVR (22/06/2011) 10
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

a 4b6 - 4 x8 y10
12.- =
a 2b 3 + 2 x 4 y 5

Solucin:

R=
( ab 2 3
)(
- 2 x 4 y 5 a 2b 3 + 2 x 4 y 5 ) =a b 2 3
- 2x4 y5
a b + 2x y
2 3 4 5

x2n - y 2n
13.- n =
x + yn

Solucin:

R=
(x n
- y n ) ( xn + yn )
= xn - y n
xn + y n
a 2 x + 2 - 100
14.- =
a x +1 - 10

Solucin:

R=
(a x +1
)(
- 10 a x +1 + 10 ) =a x +1
+ 10
x +1
a - 10

1 - 9 x 2m+4
15.- =
1 + 3x m+ 2

Solucin:

R=
( 1 - 3x ) ( 1 + 3x ) = 1 - 3x
m+2 m+ 2
m+ 2

( 1 + 3x ) m+2

( x + y) - z2
2

16.- =
( x + y) - z
Solucin:

FVR (22/06/2011) 11
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

( x + y) + z


( x + y) - z
= x + y + z
( )
( x + y) - z

1- ( a + b)
2

17.- =
1+ ( a + b)
Solucin:

1- ( a + b)


1+ ( a + b)
= 1 - a + b
R= ( )
1+ ( a + b)

4 - ( m + n)
2

18.- =
2 + ( m + n)

Solucin:
2 + ( m + n)
2 - ( m + n)
R= = 2 - m + n
( )
2 + ( m + n)

x2 - ( x - y )
2

19.- =
x + ( x - y)
Solucin:

x + ( x - y)
x - ( x - y)
R= = x - x - y
( )
x + ( x - y)

( a + x) - 9 =
2

20.-
( a + x) + 3
Solucin:

FVR (22/06/2011) 12
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

( a + x ) - 3


( a + x ) + 3
= a + x - 3
R= ( )
( a + x) + 3

COCIENTE DE LA SUMA O DIFERENCIA DE LOS CUBOS DE


DOS CANTIDADES:

1 + a3
1.- =
1+ a

Solucin:

R = 1- a + a2
1 - a3
2.- =
1- a

Solucin:

R = 1 + a + a2
x3 + y 3
3.- =
x+ y
Solucin:

R = x 2 - xy + y 2
8a 3 - 1
4.- =
2a - 1

Solucin:

R = 4a 2 + 2a + 1

8 x 3 + 27 y 3
5.- =
2x + 3y

Solucin:

FVR (22/06/2011) 13
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

R = 4 x 2 - 6 xy + 9 y 2
27 m3 - 125n3
6.- =
3m - 5n

Solucin:

R = 9m 2 + +15mn + 25n 2
64a 3 + 343
7.- =
4a + 7

Solucin:

R = 16a 2 - 28a + 49
216 - 125 y 3
8.- =
6 - 5y
Solucin:

R = 36 + 30 y + 25 y 2
1 + a 3b3
9.- =
1 + ab

Solucin:

R = 1 - ab + a 2b 2
729 - 512b3
10.- =
9 - 8b

Solucin:

R = 81 + 72b + 64b 2
a3 x3 + b 3
11.- =
ax + b

Solucin:

FVR (22/06/2011) 14
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

R = a 2 x 2 - abx + b 2
n3 - m3 x 3
12.- =
n - mx

Solucin:

R = n 2 + nmx + m 2 x 2
x 6 - 27 y 3
13.- =
x2 - 3 y

Solucin:

R = x 4 + 3x 2 y + 9 y 2
8a 9 + y 9
14.- =
2a 3 + y 3

Solucin:
R = 4a 6 - 2a 3 y 3 + y 6
1 - x12
15.- =
1 - x4

Solucin:

R = 1 + x 4 + x8
27 x 6 + 1
16.- =
3x 2 + 1

Solucin:

R = 9 x 4 - 3x 2 + 1
64a 3 + b9
17.- =
4a + b 3

FVR (22/06/2011) 15
U.E. Colegio Los Arcos Matemticas Gua #38 Productos notables

Solucin:

R = 16a 2 - 4ab3 + b6
a 6 - b6
18.- =
a 2 - b2

Solucin:

R = a 4 + a 2b 2 + b 4
125 - 343 x15
19.- =
5 - 7 x5

Solucin:

R = 25 + 35 x5 + 49 x10
n6 + 1
20.- =
n2 + 1

Solucin:

R = n4 - n2 + 1

FVR (22/06/2011) 16

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