USABO Study Questions

USA Bio Olympiad 2004 Study Questions
The USABO Open Exam is a 45-minute multiple choice exam focusing on theoretical
knowledge of biology. The following are 16 Sets of Study Questions that you may use for
students for practice and drill, as well as some of the study ideas mentioned in the
Teacher Resource Center.
The answer key page is on the next page, followed by the Study Questions (2 pages per
set).
Practicing with these Study Questions:

A. Whole Class review
Have the entire class practice by scheduling Quiz Time at the beginning or end of
class. Each set of Study Questions (10 questions per set) should take approx. 15
minutes. As with the USABO, there is no pass or fail with these quizzes. Students
should simply try to answer correctly as many questions as they can.
B. Homework Assignments
Give the study questions to the students as homework assignments. Using
textbooks, have them research and identify the correct answers on the forms. In
this way, it can become a learning experience for all students, even if it is new
material with some/all of the questions.
C. Individual Study
Have one or more students study these questions, individually or in small groups.
As an incentive to study, perhaps use this as make-up study for missed days, or as
extra credit opportunities.
About the Study Questions
The Study Questions are taken from a variety of souces, internal and external. Some of
the questions are taken from the following sources, with the remainder from USABO
documents. They may not be sold or used for any other purposes than helping students
study biology in preparation for the USABO.
British Biology Olympiad 2001 Archived Exam

Questions: http://www.iob.org/downloads/Part%20Awebsite.pdf
Answers: http://www.iob.org/downloads/Part%20AAwebsite.pdf
International Biology Olympiad Archived Questions

http://www.ibo-info.org/questions.htm
USABO 2004 Study Questions

USABO Study Questions Answer Key
Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4
1. B 11. D 21. D 31. D
2. E 12. D 22. B 32. B
3. B 13. C 23. B 33. E
4. A 14. A 24. C 34. D
5. C 15. C 25. B 35. D
6. D 16. A 26. D 36. A
7. C 17. B 27. D 37. E
8. B 18. B 28. D 38. B
9. C 19. C 29. A 39. C
10. A 20. E 30. B 40. A
41. B 51. D 61. D 71. B
42. B 52. E 62. B 72. D
43. A 53. C 63. A 73. A
44. E 54. B 64. B 74. D
45. C 55. C 65. A 75. B
46. D 56. A 66. D 76. C
47. A 57. C 67. A 77. E
48. E 58. D 68. B 78. D
49. C 59. D 69. A 79. A
50. D 60. D 70. C 80. C
81. C 91. B 101. D 111. E
82. C 92. B 102. B 112. C
83. B 93. D 103. E 113. B
84. C 94. A 104. B 114. A
85. C 95. D 105. D 115. B
86. D 96. B 106. A 116. D
87. C 97. B 107. A 117. C
88. A 98. C 108. B 118. B
89. D 99. B 109. D 119. N
90. C 100. B 110. B 120. C
121. A 131. C 141. D 151. A
122. A 132. D 142. E 152. D
123. C 133. D 143. D 153. C
124. A 134. E 144. A 154. B
125. C 135. C 145. D 155. C
126. D 136. D 146. A 156. A
127. C 137. B 147. A 157. B

128. A 138. A 148. E 158. A
129. C 139. B 149. D 159. A
130. A 140. D 150. A 160. E

USA Biology Olympiad Study Questions Set 1
1. Proteinsynthesisoccursin/onthe
[]A. nucleus
[]B. ribosome
[]C. smoothendoplasmicreticulum
[]D. lysosome
2. Whichofthefollowingbiomeshasthegreatestspeciesdiversity?
[]A. TemperateRainForest
[]B. Savannah
[]C. Grassland
[]D. Temperatedeciduousforest
[]E. CoralReef
3. Thegeneticbalanceofapopulationinthesequenceofgenerationsisexpressedbythe
HardyWeinbergLaw,whichexpressedmathematicallyis:
[]A. H=2pq
[]B. p2+2pq+q2=1
[]C. (p+q)=(pq)
[]D. (p+q)x(pq)=p2+q2
[]E. p2+pq+q2=0
4. Inafoodchainisolatedfromothers,whichofthefollowing(measuredinkJm 2)is
numericallythegreatest?
[]A. Netprimaryproductioninplants
[]B. Firstcarnivoreconsumption
[]C. Herbivoreassimilation
[]D. Herbivorerespiration
[]E. Plantbiomassincrease.
5. Tissuesthatformlong,toughstrands,asintheleafstalkofcelery,are:
[]A. epidermis
[]B. collenchyma
[]C. sclerenchyma
[]D. parenchyma
6. Duringmigrations,somebirdsusewhichofthefollowingasreferenceframeworks?
I. Thesun
II. Constellations
III. Earth'smagneticfield
[ ] A. I only
[ ] B.I and II only
[ ] C. I and III only
[ ] D. I, II, and III
7. WhenthebasecompositionofDNAfrombacteriumMycobacteriumtuberculosiswas
determined,18%ofthebaseswerefoundtobeadenine.Whatisthe[G]+[C]
content?

[]A. 32%
[]B. 36%
[]C. 64%
[]D. 18%
8. ThepHofthelysosomeismostnearly
[]A. 1.0
[]B. 5.0
[]C. 7.0
[]D. 11.0
9. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofhabituation?
[ ] A. Chickadees learning new songs when they shift to living in large
winter flocks from small family groups.
[ ] B.Stalking and attacking litter mates by lion cubs.
[ ] C. Hydra initially contract when gently touched, but soon stop
responding.
[ ] D. Yearly migration of golden plovers from Arctic breeding grounds to
southeastern South America.
10. Energyistransferredbetweentrophiclevelsinafoodchain.Whichofthefollowing
stagesrepresentstheleastefficienttransferofenergy?
[]A. Suntoprimaryproducer
[]B. Primaryproducertoprimaryconsumer
[]C. Primaryconsumertosecondaryconsumer
[]D. Secondaryconsumertotertiaryconsumer
[]E. Tertiaryconsumertodecomposer.

11. Thefinalsereduringsuccessionistermedthe:
[]A. niche
[]B. bioticpotential
[]C. carryingcapacity
[]D. climax
[]E. seralcommunity
12. Brownalgaedifferfromthegreenalgaeandredalgaeinhaving:
[]A. chlorophylla
[]B. differentiatedcells
[]C. phycocyaninwithintheircells
[]D. Fucoxanthinwithintheircells
13. Whichtwofunctionalgroupsarealwaysfoundinaminoacids?
[ ] A. Amine and sulfhydryl
[ ] B.Sulfhydryl and carboxyl
[ ] C. Carboxyl and amine
[ ] D. Alcohol and aldehyde
14. Woodlicenormallyliveindamphabitats.Thisistopreventdesiccationandto
facilitategaseousexchange.Inregionsoflowhumiditytheymoveaboutquite
rapidlybutinarandommanner.Whentheyfindanareaofhighhumiditythey
slowdownandeventuallybecomestationary.Thisisanexampleof:
[]A. akinesis
[]B. ataxis
[]C. areflexaction
[]D. habituation
[]E. operantlearning
15. Sexlinkedrecessiveallelesareusuallycarriedon:
[]A. ThehomologouspartoftheXchromosome
[]B. AnextraYchromosome
[]C. ThenonhomologouspartoftheXchromosome
[]D. ThehomologouspartoftheYchromosome
[]E. AnextraXchromosome
16. Populationsthatarelikelytobelivingatadensitynearthelimitimposedbytheir
resources,arecharacterizedas
[ ] A. K-selected
[ ] B.p-selected
[ ] C. Q-selected
[ ] D. r-selected
17. Whichofthefollowingisresponsiblefortranscription?
[]A. spliceosome
[]B. RNApolymerase

[]C. DNApolymerase
[]D. Ribosome
18. Dichlorophenolindophenol(DCPIP)isabluedyethatisdecolorizedwhenreduced.
AfterbeingmixedwithDCPIPwhichoneofthefollowingwouldshowthegreatest
changeincolor?
[]A. Isolatedchloroplastsinthedark;
[]B. Isolatedchloroplastsinthelight;
[]C. Chlorophyllextractinthedark;
[]D. Boiledchloroplastsinthedark;
[]E. Boiledchloroplastsinthelight.
19. Insituationthatconflictbetweenattackandflightanimalshavebeennotedtobehave
inamostpeculiarfashione.g.thebehaviouroffightingcocksinterruptingtheir
fighttopeckatthegroundforfood.Whatisthiskindofbehaviorcalled?
[]A. Feeding
[]B. Ritualisation
[]C. DisplacementActivity
[]D. AggressiveBehaviour
20. Thepedigree(seefigure)showsaninheritanceofarareformofmusculardystrophy.
Thediseaseisprobablycausedbyamutationononelocuswhichis:
[]A. recessive,autosomal
[]B. dominant,autosomal
[]C. recessive,relatedtotheXchromosome
[]D. relatedtotheYchromosome
[]E. situatedinthemitochondrialgenome

21. Whyisahighmoorboganextremehabitat?
1becauseitisoligotrophicandpermanentlycold
2becauseitallowsextremesituationsconcerningclimateonthesurface.
3becauseitisoligotrophicandhasalowpHvalue
[]A. Allthreeexplanationsarecorrect
[]B. Onlyexplanation1iscorrect
[]C. Onlyexplanations1and2arecorrect
[]D. Onlyexplanations2and3arecorrect
[]E. Onlyexplanation3iscorrect.
22. Whichofthefollowingsituationsisinoperationwhenbloodisbeingpumpedintothe
aorta?
[]A. leftventriclecontracted,bicuspidvalveopen,semilunarvalveshut
[]B. leftventriclecontracted,bicuspidvalveshut,semilunarvalveopen
[]C. leftventriclecontracted,bicuspidvalveopen,semilunarvalveopen
[]D. leftventriclerelaxed,bicuspidvalveshut,semilunarvalveopen
[]E. leftventriclerelaxed,bicuspidvalveopen,semilunarvalveshut.
23. OnlyoneofthefollowingfeaturesofthephylumoftheChordataalsoispresentin
adultTunicata(=Urochordata).Whichfeature?
[]A. possessionofachorda
[]B. possessionofvisceralslits(=pharyngealslits)
[]C. possessionofatail
[]D. possessionofadorsaltubularnervoussystem
24. Whichofthefollowingistruefortransportinxylem?
[ ] A. The primary force involved is osmotic pressure
[ ] B.Xylem is the primary site for transport of sucrose
[ ] C. Movement through xylem depends mainly on transpiration
[ ] D. All of the above
25. Whichofthegivenactionsarepartofthelightstageofphotosynthesis?
[]A. 1,3,6
[]B. 1,4,6
[]C. 2,3,6
[]D. 2,4,5
[]E. 1,3,5
26. Animalbehaviourpatterns,inwhichanindividualendangersitslifetobenefitother
membersofthegroup,arecalledaltruistic.Itisbelievedthataltruisticbehaviour

wasfavouredbykinselection.WhichiftheexamplesgivenbelowCANNOTbe
explainedaskinselectionfavoured?
[]A. suicidalattackbyaworkerbeeguardingitshive
[]B. protectionofthequeenofanantspeciesby"soldierants"
[]C. protectionoflioncubsbyalionessNOTbeingtheirmother
[]D. warningcriesofabirdwarningotherindividualsaboutapproachingdanger
27. Inagrazedfieldthenetprimaryproductionislessthanthegrossprimary
production.Whichoffollowingcouldaccountforthisdifference?
1.Plantsuseenergyintranslocation.
2.Plantsuseenergyinactivelytransportingionsacrossmembranes.
3.Hydrolyticenzymesinplantsuseenergyinbreakingdownfoodreserves.
4.Plantsuseenergywhenwatervapourislostviathestomata.
5.Grazingbyherbivores.
[]A. 1&2
[]B. 2&3
[]C. 3&4
[]D. 1,2&3
[]E. 2,3&4
28. Whichofthefollowinghormonesismostelevatedafteralarge,carbohydraterich
meal?
[]A. glucagon
[]B. glucose
[]C. GnRH
[]D. insulin
29. Whichofthefollowinganimaltaxaonlyoccurinthesea?
1.starfishandseaurchins(Stellaroidea,Echinoidea)
2.jellyfish(Cnidaria)
3.sponges(Porifera)
4.squids(Cephalopoda)
5.highlydevelopedcrustacea(MalacostracaCrustacea,Astacus)
[]A. 1&4
[]B. 2&3
[]C. only5
[]D. 1,2&3
[]E. 2,4&5
30. HowmanydifferentphenotypescanbeexpectedintheF2ofthecrossing:AABB*aa
bbwhen:
I the genes are completely coupled and,
II the genes inherit independently:
I II
[_] A 3 4

[_] B 3 9
[_] C 4 9
[_] D 4 16
[_] E 9 16

31. Whichhypothesisseekstoexplainwhyaplantauxinproducesdifferenteffectsonthe
growthofarootandofashoot?
[]A. Gravityaffectstheactionoftheauxin.
[]B. Thegrowthratesofrootsandshootsdiffer.
[]C. Theauxintravelsfasterdownwardstowardstheroot.
[]D. Therootandshootresponddifferentlytosimilarauxinconcentrations.
[]E. Lightaffectstheactionoftheauxin.
32. Potatoesarestoredforoneweekinpureair,thenforoneweekinpurenitrogenand
theninpureairagain.DuringtheexperimenttheexcretionofCO2ismeasured.
Thediagramshowstheresults.
TheextraamountofCO2producedandexcretedduringthethirdweekprobablycamefrom
[]A. ethanol
[]B. ethanal
[]C. lacticacid
[]D. NADH2
[]E. NADPH2
33. WhopresentedamanuscriptofatheoryofevolutionidenticaltoDarwinsoneyear
beforethepublicationofTheOriginofSpecies?
[]A. Hutton
[]B. Gould
[]C. Malthus
[]D. Cuvier
[]E. Wallace
34. Generally,therearemorespeciespersquarekilometerinwhichofthefollowingtypes
ofecosystem?
[ ] A. Temperate grassland
[ ] B.Arctic tundra
[ ] C. Boreal forest
[ ] D. Coral reef
35. Whichofthefollowingcontributetophenotypicvariationinapopulation?
I. Mutations
II. Crossingover
III. Constancyoftheenvironment
IV. Independentassortment.

[]A. I&IIonly
[]B. II&IIIonly
[]C. III&IVonly
[]D. I,II&IV
36. WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicofallchordates?
[ ] A. vertebrae
[ ] B.notochord
[ ] C. pharyngeal slits
[ ] D. postanal tail
37. Inaparticularbreedofcattle,thealleleforthepolledcondition(nohorns)is
dominanttothehornedcondition.Coatcolourisdeterminedbyanothergene
whichhastwoallelessothattheanimalscanbehomozygousredandhomozygous
white,whilsttheheterozygousconditioniscalledroan(redwithwhitepatches).A
crosswasmadebetweenahornedredcowandahornedwhitebull.Assumingthat
neitherofthesecharacteristicsissexlinked,whichofthefollowingstatements
abouttheoffspringfromthiscrossaretrue?
I. Theoffspringwillshowequalnumbersofhornedroanandpolledroanindividuals.
II. Alloffspringwillbehorned,butcoatcolourwillhavered,whiteandroanindividuals.
III. Alloffspringwillbehomozygousforthehornedconditionandheterozygousforcoat
colour.
IV. Alltheoffspringwillbehornedandroan
V. Noneoftheoffspringwillbepolled.
[]A. I&II
[]B. II&III
[]C. III&IV
[]D. I,II&III
[]E. III,IV&V
38. Thevitellinesac(=yolksac)isexpectedtobeverysmallinoneofthefollowing
groups.Inwhichone?
[]A. ingroupsthatfertilizeexternally
[]B. ingroupswithembryosthatarefedfrommaternalblood
[]C. ingroupsthatfertilizeinternally
[]D. ingroupsthathaveanallantoicmembrane
39. C4plantscanstartphotosynthesiswithalowerconcentrationofCO2inthe
atmospherethanC3plants.Thisisbecause:
[]A. respirationofC4plantsishigher
[]B. respirationofC4plantsislower
[]C. C4plantsdonothavephotorespiration
[]D. C4plantsdohavephotorespiration
40. Whichoneofthefollowingisthesiteoftheinfluxofsodiumionsduringthepassage
ofanactionpotentialalongamyelinatedaxon?

[]A. thenodesofRanvier
[]B. thewholeoftheaxonmembrane
[]C. thesodiumpumpareaoftheaxonmembrane
[]D. thechemicalsynapse
[]E. themyelinsheath

41. Thetransferofenergythroughaterrestrialecosystemisoftendepictedbyenergy
pyramids.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
[]A. Ecologicalefficiencyishighestfortopconsumers
[]B. About10%oftheenergyfromonetrophiclevelisincorporatedintobiomassofthe
nextlevel
[]C. Theenergylostasheatorincellularrespirationis10%oftheavailableenergyof
eachtrophiclevel
[]D. Only25%oftheenergyinonetrophiclevelispassedontothenextlevel
42. Inmanytypesofcancer,thefunctionofthep53geneislost.Wildtypep53isMOST
likelytobea
[ ] A. proto-oncogene
[ ] B.tumor suppressor
[ ] C. positive regulator of cell cycle progression
[ ] D. gene required for DNA replication
43. WhichofthefollowingMendelianlawsdoestheconceptoflinkageviolate?
[]A. independentassortment
[]B. segregation
[]C. nonrandommating
[]D. Noneoftheabove
44. Whichofthefollowingmoleculesareinvolvedintheproductionofproteininthecell?
I. MessengerRNA
II. RibosomalRNA
III. TransferRNA
IV. ATP
V. Aminoacids
[]A. I,II,&IIIonly
[]B. I,II,III&IVonly
[]C. III,IV&Vonly
[]D. II,III,IV&Vonly
[]E. allofthem
45. Inthedomesticcat,theautosomallocusWhiteisdominantandepistatic;thelocus
OrangeissexlinkedwithalleleOtabbyandalleleored,whiletheheterozygousis
tortoise.Awhitefemalemateswithatabbytomcat.Thekittensturnouttobe:
1redmale
1tortoisefemale
1tabbyfemale
1whitemale
1whitefemale
Whatisthegenotypeofthemother?
[]A. WWOo
[]B. WwOO

[]C. WwOo
[]D. Wwoo
46. ConsiderapopulationinHardyWeinbergequilibrium.Whichofthefollowing
assumptionsmustbemet?
[]A. Nonrandommating
[]B. Geneticmutation
[]C. Sexualselection
[]D. Nonaturalselection
47. Underconditionsofahighatmospherichumidityhardlyanycalcium(Ca)is
transportedtodevelopingfruits.Thisiscausedby:
[]A. calciumonlybeingtransportedthroughthexylemandthistransportnottakingplace
anymore
[]B. calciumonlybeingtransportedthroughthephloemandthistransportnottaking
placeanymore
[]C. transpirationstoppingand,asaresultbothxylemandphloemtransportstopping
[]D. thestomataclosingandtransporttothefruitstopping
48. Whichofthefollowingprocessesoccurduringthenitrogencycle?
I. Theoxidationofnitritestonitratesbyrootnodulebacteria.
II. Consumptionofplantproteinbyherbivores.
III. Theconversionofdeadorganismsintoammoniabydecomposers.
IV. Conversionofammoniumcompoundsintonitratesbydenitrifyingbacteria.
V. Theoxidationofammoniumcompoundsintonitritesbynitrifyingbacteria.
[]A. I&II
[]B. II&III
[]C. III&IV
[]D. I,II,&III
[]E. II,III,&V
49. Supposethatthefrequencyofhomozygousdominantgenotype(AA)inapopulation
obeyingHardyWeinbergequilibriumis0.25.Whatisthehomozygousrecessive
(aa)genotypefrequency?
[]A. 0.05
[]B. 0.10
[]C. 0.25
[]D. 0.50
50. Whichoneofthefollowingsubstancesprovideselectronsforthereductionreactions
inphotosynthesis?
[]A. NADP
[]B. Chlorophyll
[]C. Cytochrome
[]D. Water
[]E. ATP

51. FourtypesofPhytoplankton(I,II,IIandIV)werecollectedfromdifferentdepthsof
thesea.Foreachofthesetypes,thephotosynthesiswasmeasured,asrepresented
inthefollowingfigure.WhichtypeofPhytoplanktonwascollectedatthegreatest
depth?
[]A. I
[]B. II
[]C. III
[]D. IV
52. AbacterialmRNAwithalengthof360nucleotidescodesforaproteinof:
[]A. roughly1080aminoacids
[]B. roughly360aminoacids
[]C. between120360aminoacids
[]D. exactly120aminoacids
[]E. lessthan120aminoacids
53. Whichofthefollowingstatementsis/arecorrect?
I. penguinsareanintermediateformbetweenbirdsandmammals
II. penguinsaredenselycoveredwithfeathers
III. penguinsaredenselycoveredwithhair
IV. penguinsaredenselycoveredwithchitinfibres.
[]A. I,II
[]B. I,III
[]C. onlyII
[]D. onlyIII
[]E. onlyIV
54. Anewcharacteristicusuallyappearsinevolutionasaresultof:
[]A. accumulationofpointmutationsinagenewhichoriginallyencodedforsomething
else

[]B. duplicationofageneandaccumulationofpointmutationsinoneofthecopiescoming
fromthatduplication
[]C. amutationinaregulatorgene
[]D. genotypicalrecordingoffavourablephenotypicaladaptations
55. Themitochondriontakesinandreleasesanumberofmaterialsduringaerobic
respiration.Whichofthefollowingdoesittakeinduringdaylight?
[]A. ATP; PO42; O2; pyruvate.
[]B. ATP; PO42; CO2; succinate.
[]C. ADP; PO42; O2; pyruvate.
[]D. ADP; PO4 ;
2+
CO2; lactate.
[]E. ADP; PO42; O2; lactate.
56. Whichofthefollowingcelltypessecreteantibodies?
[]A. Bcell
[]B. HelperTcell
[]C. CytotoxicTcell
[]D. SuppressorTcell
57. WhichofthefollowingisNOTamodeofnaturalselection?
[]E. stabilizingselection
[]F. directionalselection
[]G. sexualselection
[]H. diversifyingselection
58. Cellsofthepancreaswillincorporateradioactiveaminoacidsintoproteins.This
labelsnewlysynthesizedproteinsandenablestotrackthelocationofthese
proteinsinacell.Inthiscasewearetrackinganenzymethatiseventually
secretedbypancreascells.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelypathwayfor
movementofthisproteininthecell?
[]A. endoplasmicreticulumGolgi>nucleus
[]B. Golgiendoplasmicreticulum>lysosome
[]C. nucleusendoplasmicreticulum>Golgi
[]D. endoplasmicreticulumGolgi>vesiclethatfuseswithplasmamembrane
[]E. endoplasmicreticulumlysosome>vesiclesthatfuseswithplasmamembrane
59. ABlymphocyteproducesandsecretesantibodies.Whichstructuresofitsprotoplast
shouldthereforebewelldeveloped?
[]A. onlythesmoothendoplasmicreticulum
[]B. onlythesmoothendoplasmicreticulumandtheGolgiapparatus
[]C. onlytheroughendoplasmicreticulum
[]D. onlytheroughendoplasmicreticulumandtheGolgiapparatus
[]E. theroughendoplasmicreticulum,theGolgiapparatusandthelysosomes.
60. Insuperoxidedismutase1,anenzymeimplicatedinamyotrophiclateralsclerosis
(LouGehrig'sdisease),acopperionisboundtotheactivesiteandisimportantfor
enzymeactivity.Inthisenzyme,coppermostlikelyfunctionsasa(n)

[ ] A. coenzyme
[ ] B.allosteric activator
[ ] C. allosteric inhibitor
[ ] D. cofactor

61. Theanimalsattheendofafoodchainaregenerallyfewinnumber;
[]A. Becausetheyarealwaysthelargestorganismsinthefoodchain.
[]B. Becausetheyhavelonggestationperiodsandfewoffspring.
[]C. Becausepredatorshavehighlevelsofintraspecificcompetitionandinfantmortality
ishigh.
[]D. Becauseofenergylossesinthefoodchainthereisinsufficientenergytosupport
largenumbersoftertiaryconsumers.
[]E. Becausetertiaryconsumershavelargeterritories.
62. ThebelongingofahumanerythrocytetoserotypesA,B,0isdeterminedbychemical
markersonitssurface.Thesemarkersare:
[]A. lipidmolecules
[]B. oligosaccharides
[]C. polypeptides
[]D. antibodies
[]E. nucleicacids
63. Nitrogenfertilizationofricefieldscanbelowinthepresenceofoneofthefollowing
typesoforganisms.Whichone?
[]A. Waterfern(Azollaspecies)
[]B. Greenalgae
[]C. Brownalgae
[]D. Mosses
64. Thelightreactioninphotosynthesiscanbemadetooccurexperimentallyinthe
absenceof:
[]A. water
[]B. carbondioxide
[]C. chlorophyll
[]D. ADP
[]E. hydrogencarriers
65. Whichofthefollowingservesastheheartsprimarypacemaker?
[]A. SAnode
[]B. BundleofHis
[]C. Purkinjefibers
[]D. Vagusnerve
66. Intheconversionofglucosetotwomoleculesofpyruvate,whichofthefollowing
occur?
I. HydrolysisofATP
II. Phosphorylationofhexose
III. ReductionofNAD
IV. ReleaseofCO2
[]A. I&II
[]B. II&III

[]C. III&IV
[]D. I,II&III
[]E. II,III&IV
67. Telomeraseisresponsiblefor_____thesizeoftelomeres,anditsfunctionisoften____
incarcinogenesis.
[ ] A. maintaining ... increased
[ ] B.maintaining ... decreased
[ ] C. decreasing ... decreased
[ ] D. decreasing ... increased
68. ThephylumArthropodaincludeswhichofthefollowingclasses?
I. Crustacea.
II. Polychaeta.
III. Insecta.
IV. Arachnida.
[]A. I,II&III
[]B. I,III&IV
[]C. II,III,&IV
[]D. I,II&IV
[]E. Allofthem
69. Theorderofnormalbloodflowthroughthehumanheartis
[ ] A. right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body
[ ] B.right ventricle, right atrium, lungs, left ventricle, left atrium, body
[ ] C. right ventricle, right atrium, body, left ventricle, left atrium, lungs
[ ] D. right atrium, right ventricle, body, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs
70. Asplitgeneconsistsofcodingregions(exons)andnoncodingregions(introns).The
figureshowshowsuchageneleadstotheproductionofproteinP.Whichofthe
followingstatementsistrue?

[]A. Thyminecontentof(1)and(2)isequal
[]B. Theprocessoccurringbetween(1)and(2)takesplaceinthecytosol.
[]C. (3)isfunctionalmRNA.
[]D. Thenumberofaminoacidresiduesin(5)mustequalthenumberofnucleotide
residuesin(2).
[]E. Theprocessoccurringbetween(3)and(5)takesplaceinnuclei.

71. Thepromoterregionofaprokaryoticgeneislocated______tothegeneandisthe
bindingsitefor______.
[ ] A. 3'...DNA polymerase
[ ] B.5'...RNA polymerase
[ ] C. 5'...DNA polymerase
[ ] D. 3'...RNA polymerase
72. AnincreasedconcentrationofNa+inthebloodplasmawouldstimulatethesecretion
ofwhichhormone?
[]A. FSH
[]B. ADH
[]C. GnRH
[]D. Aldosterone
73. Thediagrambelowsummarizesthestagesinvolvedinrespiratorymetabolismof
mammalianskeletalmuscle.Whichoneofthefollowingshowsthestagesinvolved
inglycolysis?
[]A. 1&2only
[]B. 1,2&3only
[]C. 1,2&4only
[]D. 1,2&5only
[]E. 1,2,3&4
74. Theconcentrationofanelectricallyneutralsubstancewithinacertaintypeofblood
cellismuchhigherthanitisinthesurroundingbloodplasma,yetthesubstance
continuestomoveintothecell.Theprocessbywhichthissubstancemovesinto
thecelliscalled:
[]A. osmosis
[]B. simplediffusion
[]C. facilitateddiffusion
[]D. activetransport
75. WhichofthefollowingorganismsisINCORRECTLYpairedwithitstrophiclevel?
[ ] A. Human - tertiary consumer

[ ] B.Beetle - secondary consumer
[ ] C. Grass - primary producer
[ ] D. Cyanobacteria - primary producer
76. Whichofthefollowingorganismsisusedtotransfergenesintohigherplants?
[]A. Escherichiacoli
[]B. Rhizobiumtrifolii
[]C. Agrobacteriumtumefaciens
[]D. Salmonellatyphimurium
[]E. Bacillusradicicola.
77. Whichofthefollowingecologicalstatementsaretrue?
I. Alltertiaryconsumersarepredators.
II. Detritusismadefromdeadplantsandanimals.
III. Netprimaryproductivityisalwayslowerthangrossprimaryproductivity.
IV. Pyramidsofenergycansometimesbeinverted.
V. Oneanimalcansometimesoccupymorethanonetrophiclevelinafoodweb.
[]A. I&II
[]B. II&III
[]C. III&IV
[]D. I,II&III
[]E. II,III&V
78. Animalandplantcellspossesschannelsdirectlyconnectingthecytoplasmofonecell
tothecytoplasmofanothercell.Whichofthefollowingpairsallowsthis
communication?
[]A. plasmodesmata,desmosomes
[]B. plasmodesmata,Ca2+ATPase
[]C. porin,gapjunction
[]D. gapjunction,plasmodesmata.
79. WhenamusclecellhasashortageofoxygenwillthepHdecreaseorincrease?What
substanceisresponsibleforthischangeinpH?ChangeinpHcausedby
[]A. decreaselactate(lacticacid)
[]B. decreasecarbondioxide
[]C. increaselactate(lacticacid)
[]D. increasecarbondioxide
80. Standingcropis:
I. Thenumberofplantsgrowinginaparticularhabitatataspecifictimeofyear
II. thenumberofstemsstillerectafteraviolentstorm
III. notagoodindicatorofproductivity
IV. thebiomassofaknownsampleinaparticularhabitatataspecifictime
V. notaffectedbyseasonalvariationsinlightandtemperature.
[]A. I&II
[]B. II&III
[]C. III&IV

[]D. I,II,&III
[]E. II,III&IV

81. WhatletterindicatesthequantityofDNApercellattheendofmeiosisI(seefigure)?
[]A. A
[]B. B
[]C. C
[]D. D
[]E. E
82. AhusbandandwifehaveachildwithbloodtypeAB.ThewifeisbloodtypeO.Whatis
thebloodtypeofthehusband?
[]A. A
[]B. B
[]C. AB
[]D. O
83. Themaintrendintheevolutionoflandplantwas:
[]A. asharpdemarcationofthephasesofsporophyteandgametophyte
[]B. ashorteningofthehaploidphase
[]C. ashorteningoftheasexualphase
[]D. anincreaseinthecomplexityofthegametophyte
84. Wheredoestranslationoccurinabacteria?
[]A. nucleus
[]B. endoplasmicreticulum
[]C. cytoplasm
[]D. CellMembrane
85. Allopatricspeciationreferstospeciesformedafterwhichtypeofseparation:
[ ] A. niche
[ ] B.temporal
[ ] C. geographic
[ ] D. behavioral
86. AbacterialmRNAwithalengthof360nucleotidesinlengthcodesforaproteinof:
[]A. roughly360aminoacids
[]B. roughly1080aminoacids

[]C. exactly120aminoacids
[]D. lessthan120aminoacids
87. Unlikemostpolypeptidehormones,steroidhormonesareuniqueinthatthey
[ ] A. Activate gene transcription
[ ] B.Can bind proteins
[ ] C. Diffuse across cell membranes
[ ] D. Can be used as therapeutic drugs
88. Wheninvestigatingenzyme/substrateinteraction,whichofthefollowingwouldbe
expectedtoshowalinearrelationshipunderconstantconditions?
I. rateofreactionagainstenzymeconcentrationinthepresenceofexcesssubstrate.
II. rateofreactionagainstenzymeconcentrationwiththeamountofsubstratelimited
III. amountofproductagainsttime,withtheamountofsubstratelimited
IV. rateofreactionagainstsubstrateconcentration
[]A. Ionly
[]B. I&II
[]C. IIIonly
[]D. II&IV
[]E. IVonly
89. Thefigureshowspossiblepositionsoftheblackheadedgull(Larusmelanocephalus).
Agullhaslandedbyaccidentintheterritoryofanothergullandbothgullsmeet
eachother.Whichpositionwillprobablybeshownbythevisitorgull.
[]A. position1
[]B. position3
[]C. position5
[]D. position7
[]E. position9
90. Whichofthefollowingmoleculesincreasesthebloodscapacitytocarryoxygen?
[]A. albumin
[]B. glucose

[]C. hemoglobin
[]D. fibrin

91. Onepollenmothercellmayproducefourgerminatingpollengrains,eachwithtwo
malenucleiandonetubenucleus.Howmanymeioticdivisionsarenecessaryto
bringthisabout?
[]A. none
[]B. one
[]C. three
[]D. four
[]E. twelve
92. IfanorganismhasK+channelsinitsneuronthatclosefasterthanhumanK+
channels,whichofthefollowingperiodswouldyouexpecttobedecreasedinthis
organism?
[]A. absoluterefractoryperiod
[]B. relativerefractoryperiod
[]C. extentofdepolarization
[]D. Noneoftheabove
93. Thepictureshowsaschematicdrawingofthecellcycle.Somebodylikestodetermine
thedurationoftheSphase.Thisisdoneinaddingawithtritiumlabeled
compoundRtothemediumoftheorganismwiththedividingcells.Whichofthe
followingcompoundsismostsuitabletobeR?
[]A. adenine
[]B. cytosine
[]C. guanine
[]D. thymine
[]E. ATP
94. Thegenotypeofanorganism:
[]A. Interactswiththeenvironmenttodeterminethephenotype
[]B. Issolelyresponsiblefordeterminingthephenotype
[]C. Isthesumofalltheallelescarriedontheautosomes
[]D. Includesonlythedominantalleleswhichshowinthephenotype
[]E. Isconstantwithinaspecies.
95. WhatenzymedoesHIVusetoconvertRNAtoDNA?
[ ] A. DNA gyrase
[ ] B.RNA polymerase

[ ] C. DNA helicase
[ ] D. Reverse transcriptase
96. Whenacellshowsincipientplasmolysis:
[]A. thewaterpotentialwillbeatitsleastnegativevalue
[]B. thepressurepotentialwillbezero
[]C. thesolutepotentialwillbehighandpositive
[]D. thesolutepotentialwillbehighandnegative
[]E. thepressurepotentialwillbehigh
97. Whichgroupofplantshasvasculartissuebutdoesnotproduceseeds?
I.Mosses
II.Ferns
III.Gymnosperms
[ ] A. I
[ ] B.II
[ ] C. III
[ ] D. II & III
98. Xylemvesselscarryliquidwaterfromtherootsofplantstotheleaves,butinthe
processoftranspirationitiswatervapourwhichislostthroughthestomata.The
changeofstatefromliquidtovapouroccursfromthe:
[]A. outersurfaceofthelowerepidermis;
[]B. cellulosewallsoftheguardcells;
[]C. wallsofthespongymesophyllcellsoftheleaf;
[]D. lignifiedwallsofthexylemvessels;
[]E. outersurfaceoftheupperandlowerepidermis.
99. Thegrowthspeedofapopulationcanoftenbedescribedwiththelogisticgrowth
equation:
dN/dt = rN(K-N)/K
In this equation, N is the number of individuals, r is the intrinsic
relative rate, and K is the carrying capacity. According to this
equation, the equilibrium number of individuals in the population is
determined by:
[]A. ronly
[]B. Konly
[]C. randK
[]D. NandK
[]E. randN
100. Wheredobeans(Fabaceae,e.g.soybeanGlycinemax,syn.Sojahispida)store
reservematerialforgermination?
[]A. inthepericarp

[]B. inthecotyledonsoftheembryo
[]C. inthetriploidnutritivetissue(endosperm)oftheseed
[]D. inthediploidnutritivetissue(perisperm)oftheseed
[]E. inthecotyledonsandtheendosperm.

101. Astandardnumberofleafdiscsofequalareawereplacedinsealedvessels
containingbicarbonateindicatorsolutionandkeptinthedarkforabout12hours.
Thecontrolvesselcontainednoleafdiscs.Allthevesselswerethenexposedto
lightatdifferentintensitiesand,after2hoursat20 oC,thefollowingresultswere
obtained.
Thebestconclusionfromthesedataisthat
[]A. speciesIisasunplantandspeciesIIisashadeplant
[]B. speciesIIislessefficientatphotosynthesisthanspeciesI
[]C. thetwospecieshavedifferentcompensationpoints
[]D. speciesIIhasahigherrespirationratethanspeciesI
[]E. speciesIhasahigherrespirationratethanspeciesII.
102. Whatnameisgiventotheprocessbywhichaminimalnumberofstimulifroma
presynapticneuronearerequiredtoinitiateanactionpotentialinapostsynaptic
neurone?
[]A. Excitation
[]B. Summation
[]C. Repolarisation
[]D. Depolarisation
[]E. Cumulativestimulation
103. Thesightofcowsgrazinginafieldisacommonoccurrence.Whyisit,whenaherd
ofcowsgrazesacrossafield,thattheyallfaceinthesamedirection?Itisan
exampleof:
[]A. territorialbehaviour
[]B. trialanderrorlearning
[]C. habituation
[]D. reactiontotheprevailingwindconditions,
[]E. reducingheadtoheadconflictsbetweendominantandsubordinateanimals
104. Respiratoryalkalosisresultsfromwhichofthefollowing?
[]A. infrequentbreathing
[]B. rapidbreathing
[]C. largemeals
[]D. Noneoftheabove
105. Inangiospermsthepigmentinvolvedindetectingdaylengthis:
[]A. carotene

[]B. chlorophyll
[]C. cytochrome
[]D. phytochrome
[]E. auxin
106. Whichclassesoflipidshavenonpolarsidechainsandpolarheadgroups?
[]A. phospholipids
[]B. triglycerides
[]C. cholesterol
[]D. waxes
[]E. glycerol
107. Thecellbodiesofafferent(sensory)nervesinvolvedinsomaticreflexesarelocated
inthe
[ ] A. Dorsal root ganglion
[ ] B.Ventral root ganglion
[ ] C. Spinal nerve
[ ] D. Grey matter of spinal cord
108. Predationisconsidereda_________interaction,whileMutualismisconsidereda
___________interaction.
[ ] A. +/+, +/+
[ ] B.+/-, +/+
[ ] C. +/0, -/-
[ ] D. -/-, +/+
109. PartoftheTCA(Krebs)cycleisrepresentedinthefigurebelow.Iftheenzyme
responsiblefortheconversionofsuccinicacidtofumaricacidbecameinactive,
whichofthefollowingwouldoccur?
I. someaccumulationofsuccinicacid
II. continuedconversionofaketoglutaricacid
III. gradualdisappearanceoffumaricacid
IV. animmediatehaltintheproductionofmalicacid
[]A. I&II
[]B. II&III
[]C. III&IV
[]D. I,II&III
[]E. II,III&IV
110. Amolluscsampleisgiventoabiologist.Afterexaminingthesamplehesaysthatit
belongstoBivalvia.Whichofthefollowingsmaybethekeythatmakeshimto
reachthisconclusion?
[]A. gills
[]B. absenceofradula
[]C. bodysymmetry
[]D. mantle

111. WhichcomponentofskeletalmusclebindsCa2+ionstoinitiatemusclecontraction?
[]A. ATP
[]B. Myosin
[]C. Tropomyosin
[]D. Actin
[]E. Troponin
112. Whenanewmaletakesoveralionpridetheysometimeskillorevictthecubs
alreadypresent.Thisphenomenacanbeexplainedfrombehavioralecology:
[]A. themaledoesnotlikecubs
[]B. themalecannotaffordtoomuchforcaringthosecubs
[]C. themalebreedhisownoffspring
[]D. degenerationofthemalesparentalbehavior
113. Acultureofyeastcellsgrowingvigorouslyintheabsenceofoxygenconverts
glucosetoethanolandcarbondioxide.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout
thismetabolicprocessarecorrect?
I. Inthisprocess,pyruvicacidisconvertedtoacetylcoenzymeA.
II. Theprocessinvolvesdecarboxylation.
III. TheprocessproduceslessATPthanituses.
IV. ThereisnonetreductionofNAD.
V. Oxidationsareinvolved,althoughtheprocessisanaerobic.
[]A. I&III
[]B. II&V
[]C. III&IV
[]D. I&IV
[]E. II&IV
114. Integraltransmembraneproteinsareproteinsimbeddedinthecellmembrane.
WhichofthefollowingaminoacidswouldyouMOSTexpecttofindinthe
transmembraneregionofsuchproteins?
[ ] A. Tryptophan
[ ] B.Lysine
[ ] C. Serine
[ ] D. Arginine
115. Pavlovstudiedsalivationindogsinresponsetofood.Dogswillnormallyproduce
salivawhentheysee,smellortastefood.Eachtimehefedthedogsherangabell.
Afterfiveorsixrepetitions,thedogproducedsalivaonhearingthebell,even
thoughitwasnotgivenfood.Thistypeofbehaviouriscalled:
[]A. operantconditioning(trialanderrorlearning)
[]B. classicalconditioning
[]C. latentlearning
[]D. imprinting

116. Ageofsometreescanbedeterminedduetothepresenceofthe"treerings"(annual
growthrings),whichrepresenttheannualgrowthof:
[]A. primaryphloemandxylem
[]B. secondaryphloemandxylem
[]C. secondaryphloemonly
[]D. secondaryxylemonly
117. IntheEuropeanpopulation,about1in2500peoplesuffersfromCysticFibrosis,a
geneticallydetermined(descared),autosomaldisease.Healthyparentshavea
childsufferingfromCysticFibrosis.Thewomanremarriesahealthyman.Whatis
thechanceofachildfromthissecondmarriagesufferingfromCysticFibrosis:
[]A. 1:25
[]B. 1:50
[]C. 1:100
[]D. 1:625
118. WhenamusclecellhasashortageofoxygenthepHchanges.Whichofthe
followingiscorrect?
pH substance
change
[_] decrease carbon dioxide
A.
[_] decrease lactic acid
B.
[_] increase carbon dioxide
C.
[_] increase lactic acid
D.
[_] decrease pyruvate
E.
119. EcologicalassembliesKthroughQconsistofspeciesdesignatedwithnumbers1
through8,presentavariousdensities.Individualdensitiesofthesespeciesinany
particularassemblyaregiven(asindividualspersquaremeter)inthetable.Which
oftheaboveassembliesistheleastsusceptibletoamassivepestinfection
(gradation)?
assembly [_] K [_] L [_] M [_] N [_] P [_] Q
species 1 50 92 75 0 0 0
species 2 30 4 5 25 2 65
species 3 10 0 5 20 3 20
species 4 10 0 5 20 5 10
species 5 0 1 5 20 40 3
species 6 0 1 5 5 50 2

species 7 0 1 0 0 0 0
species 8 0 1 0 0 0 0
120. WhichisTRUEofthedarkreaction(Calvincycle)ofphotosynthesis?
[ ] A. It uses oxygen
[ ] B. It produces sucrose
[ ] C. It uses carbon dioxide
[ ] D. Both b and c are correct

121. Inchemiosmosis,hydrogenions(protons)releasetheirenergytoproduceATPas
theypassacrosstheinnermitochondrialmembrane.Thisprocessinvolvestheuse
of:
[]A. ATPsynthetase
[]B. ATPdehydrogenase
[]C. ATPdecarboxylase
[]D. electroncarriers
[]E. NAD
122. FemaleshavetwoXchromosomes,butoneisinactivated.Whatisthenameforthis
inactivatedXchromosome?
[]A. aBarrbody
[]B. arepressedchromosome
[]C. azygoticbody
[]D. asilentchromosome
123. Toreachtherighthand,thebloodfromthestomachandintestinesmustpass
through:
I. theheart(once)
II. theheart(twice)
III. carotidarteries
IV. thelungs
V. theliver
VI. thebrain
[]A. I,IV,&V
[]B. I&IV
[]C. II,IV&V
[]D. II,IV&VI
[]E. III,IV&V
124. Incardiacmuscle,calciumionscanmovefreelybetweenadjacentcellsthrough
whichofthefollowingstructures?
[ ] A. gap junctions
[ ] B.tight junctions
[ ] C. calcium pumps
[ ] D. plasmodesmata
125. Reflexactionsplayanimportantpartinseveraltypesofinnatebehaviour,suchas
taxesandkineses.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesthesequenceof
eventsinasimplereflexaction?
[]A. receptor,brain,effector,response,stimulus
[]B. stimulus,brain,effector,receptor,response
[]C. stimulus,receptor,brain,effector,response
[]D. receptor,brain,stimulus,effector,response
[]E. stimulus,receptor,effector,brain,response

126. AmutationinacodingDNAsequencecreatesaprematurestopcodon.Whichof
thefollowingcouldbeapossibleeffectofthismutationonthepolypeptide?
I. Itnolongerfunctionsproperly.
II. Itislongerthanexpected.
III. Itisnotproperlytargetedtothecorrectregionofthecell.
[]A. Ionly
[]B. IIonly
[]C. IIandIIIonly
[]D. IandIIIonly
127. Thevelocityofactionpotentialconductionacrossanerveaxonisincreasedbythe
presenceofthemyelinsheath.Intheperipheralnervoussystem,whatcell
myelinatestheaxon?
[ ] A. Oligodendocyte
[ ] B.Astrocyte
[ ] C. Schwann cell
[ ] D. Microglial cell
128. Crossingoveroccursinwhatphaseofmeiosis?
[]A. ProphaseI
[]B. MetaphaseI
[]C. TelophaseI
[]D. MetaphaseII
129. Whichofthefollowingstatementsonintronsiscorrect?
[]A. Theyarenontranscribedsequences(spacers)betweentwogenes.
[]B. Theyaretranscribedspacersbetweentwogenes.
[]C. Theyarelocatedbetweenthecodingregionsofagene.
[]D. TheyarelocatedbetweenthecodingregionsofamaturemRNA
[]E. TheyarenoncodingregionsofapolycistronicmRNA
130. Inthebloodofanadultmanthetotalcontentofhaemoglobinis,roughly:
[]A. severalhundredgram
[]B. tensofgram(10100g)
[]C. severalgram
[]D. severalhundredmilligram
[]E. tensofmilligram

131. Thelargestwhitebloodcellinhumanswhichisapartofthebodysmacrophage
defencesystemis:
[]A. neutrophil
[]B. lymphocyte
[]C. monocyte
[]D. eosinophil
[]E. basophil
132. Reproductionisoftenconnectedwithashiftfromhaploidtodiploidortheother
wayround.Pleasereviewthediagramanddecidewithgroupoforganismsshows
thebelowmentionedtypeofshift.
[]A. humans
[]B. angiospermplants
[]C. gymnospermplants
[]D. ferns
133. WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTrepresentanalterationtoachromosome?
[]A. translocation
[]B. inversion
[]C. deletion
[]D. nondisjunction
134. Whichofthefollowingmaypassacrossthemammalianplacenta?
I. maternalantibodies
II. maternallymphocytes
III. alcohol
IV. viruses
V. erythrocytes
[]A. I,II&III
[]B. II,III&IV
[]C. III,IV&V
[]D. I,IV&V
[]E. I,III&IV
135. Whichphylumofinvertebratesischaracterisedbypentamerousradialsymmetry
andpossessionoftubefeet?
[]A. Mollusca

[]B. Arthropoda
[]C. Echinodermata
[]D. Annelida
[]E. Platyhelminthes
136. Whichofthefollowingalternativesisnotanindicationofannualphotoperiodism?
[]A. swarming
[]B. moulting
[]C. flowering
[]D. sleep
137. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofprokaryotes?
I.Simultaneoustranscriptionandtranslation
II.Presenceofintronsequences
III.CircularDNA
[ ] A. I and II only
[ ] B.I and III only
[ ] C. II and III only
[ ] D. I, II, and III
138. Inadisputedpaternitycase,thefollowingbloodgroupswereidentified:
Mother GroupA
Baby GroupO
MrRich GroupA
MrFamousGroupB
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
[]A. Bothmencouldbethefather(eithermancouldbethefather.)
[]B. MrRichcannotbethefather.
[]C. MrFamouscannotbethefather.
[]D. Neithermancouldbethefather.
139. Inthefernlifecycle,thedominantgenerationisthe:
[]E. haploidgametophyte
[]F. diploidsporophyte
[]G. haploidsporophyte
[]H. diploidgametophyte
140. WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheworkofGregorMendelarecorrect?
I. Heconcludedthatthecharacteristicsofanorganismaredeterminedbyinternal
factors(genes)whichoccurinpairs.
II. Heconcludedthatonlyoneofapairoffactorscanberepresentedinasinglegamete.
III. Heconcludedthatfactorsarelinkediftheyoccuronthesamechromosome.
IV. Heconcludedthateachmemberofapairoffactorscancombinerandomlywitheither
memberofanotherpair.
V. HeconcludedthatindependentsegregationmustoccurduringmetaphaseIof
meiosis.
[]A. I&II

[]B. II&III
[]C. III&IV
[]D. I,II&IV
[]E. II,III&V

141. Whichofthefollowingisnotapartoftheneuron?
[]A. dendrites
[]B. hillock
[]C. soma
[]D. sarcoplasmicreticulum
142. Inrabbits,thedominantallele(B)codesforblackbodycolourandtherecessive
allele(b)codesforwhitebodycolour.Acrossbetweentworabbitsproduced9
blackandthreewhiteoffspring.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthiscross
aremostlikelytobecorrect?
I. Thisisamonohybridcrossshowingsexlinkage.
II. Thisisamonohybridautosomalcrossbetweentwoheterozygotes.
III. Themaleusedinthecrosswashomozygousrecessive.
IV. ThegenotypesoftheoffspringcouldincludeBb,BB,andbbindividuals.
V. Thefemaleusedinthiscrosswashomozygousdominant.
[]A. I&III
[]B. II&V
[]C. III&IV
[]D. I&IV
[]E. II&IV
143. WhenthebasecompositionofDNAfrombacteriumMycobacteriumtuberculosis
wasdetermined,18%ofthebaseswerefoundtobeadenine.WhatistheG+C
contentinM.tuberculosis?
[ ] A. 18%
[ ] B.32%
[ ] C. 36%
[ ] D. 64%
144. Mesodermtissueisabsentin:
[]A. Cnidaria
[]B. Mollusca
[]C. Insecta
[]D. Echinodermata
[]E. Crustacea
145. Byasuitablemethodoflaboratoryculture,asinglecelltakenfromtheinteriorof
aleafofaceleryplantcanbegrownintoanothercompleteceleryplant.Whichtwo
ofthefollowingstatementsaboutthisprocedurearecorrect?
I. Intermsoftheendproductofgrowth,thesingleleafcellisequivalenttoazygote.
II. Cellsofthenewplantareproducedbyacombinationofmitoticandmeioticdivisions.
III. Genesresponsibleforrootdevelopmentareabsentfromthesingleleafcell.
IV. Thephenotypeofthetwoceleryplantswillbeinfluencedbytheirenvironment.
V. Thisisaspecialformofcloninginvolvingtheuseofreversetranscriptaseandthe
replicationofDNAbytheconservativemethod.
[ ] A. I & II

[ ] B.II & V
[ ] C. III & IV
[ ] D. I & IV
[]E. II&IV
146. Duringhumandevelopment,whichprocessleadstotheformationofthreegerm
layers?
[]F. gastrulation
[]G. neurelation
[]H. morulation
[]I. cephalization
147. DNAsynthesisonthelaggingstrandoccursbytheendtoendligationof
[ ] A. Okasaki fragments
[ ] B.RNA primers
[ ] C. DNA topoisomerases
[ ] D. DNA polymerases
148. Nerveimpulsescantravelinbothdirections.Theseimpulsesareunidirectional
alonganaxonbecause:
[ ]
A. dendrites have a higher threshold than axons
[ ]
B.the axon terminals have a higher threshold than axons
[ ]
C. the myelin sheath directs the flow of ions toward the axon terminals
[ ]
D. the axon terminals contain neurotransmitter receptors and the
dendrites do not
[ ] E. dendrites do not contain neurotransmitter substance
149. WhichofthefollowingcharacterizesDNAsynthesisontheleadingstrand?
I.Itoccursfrom5to3
II.ItrequiresRNApolymerase
III.TheresultingDNAiscomplementarytothetemplate
[ ] A. I only
[ ] B.II only
[ ] C. III only
[ ] D. I and III only
150. Thediagramsshowverticalsectionsofkidneysofcoypu,brownratandkangaroo
rat,showingtherelativesizeofcortexandmedulla.Coypuarefoundinfresh
waterandarenevershortofwatertodrink.Brownratsareabletogosomedays
withoutdrinking.Kangarooratsareabletoliveindesertswithoutdrinkingatall.
Whichkidneybelongstowhichanimal?

1 2 3
[_] A. brown rat coypu kangaroo rat
[_] B. brown rat kangaroo rat coypu
[_] C. kangaroo rat brown rat coypu
[_] D. kangaroo rat coypu brown rat

151. Oxygencontentreductionmakestheglycolyse(glycogenesis)intensityincreaseddueto:
[ ] A. increase of ADP concentration in cell
[ ] B.increase of NAD+ concentration in cell
[ ] C. increase of ATP concentration in cell
[ ] D. increase of concentration of peroxides and free radicals
152. Protostomeshave_____and_____typesofcleavage.
[ ] A. radial ... indeterminate
[ ] B.radial ... determinate
[ ] C. spiral ... indeterminate
[ ] D. spiral ... determinate
153. Incats,thegeneforcoatcolourisfoundonthenonhomologouspartoftheX
chromosome.Thegenehastwoalleles;Bgivesblackcoat,bgivesyellowcoatandBb
producesamottledcolourcalledtortoiseshell.Incats,femalesarehomogametic(XX)and
malesareheterogametic(XY).Acrosswascarriedoutbetweenafemaletortoiseshelland
ablackmale.Whichofthefollowingstatementscouldbetrueaboutthiscross?
I. Thereisnochanceofproducingblackmaleoffspring.
II. Allfemaleswillbeblack.
III Malescouldbeblackoryellow.
IV. Femalescouldbeblackortortoiseshell.
V. Thereisnochanceofproducingyellowmaleoffspring.
[ ] A. I & II
[ ] B.II & III
[ ] C. III & IV
[ ] D. I, II & III
[ ] E. II, III & V
154. Theecosystemsshowninthetabledifferintheamountoftheirnetprimaryproduction.
Selectthecorrectorder(increasingnetprimaryproduction)oftheecosystemsshownin
thetable.
[ ] A. 3, 6, 2, 5, 4, 1
[ ] B.3, 6, 5, 2, 4, 1
[ ] C. 6, 3, 5, 2, 4, 1
[ ] D. 6, 3, 2, 5, 1, 4
155. Oneofthealternativesbelowdefinesthelayersoftheretinainthecorrectsequence.
Whichone?(N.B!Thefirstlayerineachsequenceissupposedtobelocatednexttothe
jellylikevitreoushumorthatfillstheeyeball.)
[ ] A. pigmented cells-bipolar cells-ganglion cells-photoreceptors
[ ] B.photoreceptors-pigmented cells-ganglion cells-bipolar cells
[ ] C. ganglion cells-bipolar cells-photoreceptors-pigmented cells
[ ] D. photoreceptors-bipolar cells-ganglion cells-pigmented cells
156. Iftheoperatorofageneregulatedinthesamemannerasthelacoperonismutated,what
wouldyouexpect=wouldhappentothelevelofexpressionofthegene?
[ ] A. It would increase, because the repressor cannot bind the mutant operator as
tightly.
[ ] B.It would increase, because the operator becomes a stronger promoter.
[ ] C. It would decrease, because the activator cannot bind the operator as tightly.
[ ] D. It would decrease, because the operator is not as strong a promoter.
157. Theincreaseincomplexityofthevertebratecirculatorysystemisrepresentedbyoneof
thefollowingcombinations.Whichcombination?
[ ] A. toad-rabbit-alligator-shark
[ ] B.shark-frog-alligator-rabbit
[ ] C. shark-crocodile-rabbit-frog
[ ] D. alligator-dog-shark-toad
158. Supposegene"C"isthegeneforcolor.Itsdominantallelehastheeffectofallowingthe
productionoffurcolorwhileitsrecessivealleleinterruptscolorproduction.Atanother
locus,thereexistsanothergenethatinfluencescolor,atwhichblack(B)isdominantto
brown(b).Whatistherelationshipbetweenthesegenescalled?
[ ] A. Epistatic
[ ] B.Peralogous
[ ] C. Dominant
[ ] D. Antagonistic
159. Aheronstandinginacoldwaterforalongtimedoesntgetitslegsoverchilledbecauseof:
[ ] A. countercirculation in limbs
[ ] B.even thin fat layer under limbsskin
[ ] C. branched blood stream in limbs
[ ] D. intensive metabolism in limbs
160. Whichofthefollowingdefinitionsoftheusesoffieldequipmentarecorrect?Duringfield
workanecologistmightuse:
I. anaugertocollectsoilsamples
II. adendrographtomeasurethediameterofatree
III. akeytoidentifyspecimens
IV. aclinometertomeasureslope
[ ] A. I & II only
[ ] B.II & III only
[ ] C. III & IV only
[ ] D. I, II & III
[ ] E. All of the above

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USABO 2004 Study Questions

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USABO 2004 Study Questions

USABO 2004 Study Questions

USABO 2004 Study Questions

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