Basic Theory of Vibrations

Assignment - Fourth Grade

Assignment 4-1 Confirm the fact with the following procedure.

Fact : Even in a case of the damping ratio > 1, the free vibration of a one DOF vibration system shows
an overshoot with a certain range of initial conditions.
(1) Consider a case of the damping ratio > 1. Both of two eigenvalues 1,2 are negative and assume
1 < 2 . Derive a free vibration response of the displacement x(t) with a set of initial conditions
of x(0) = x0 and x(0) = v0 .
(2) Derive a free vibration response of the velocity x(t) with a set of initial conditions of x(0) = x0
and x(0) = v0 .
(3) Consider a time t1 (s) when x(t1 ) = 0, and derive a relation of x0 , v0 and t1 .
(4) Assume the initial displacement is positive; x0 > 0 and show a range of the initial velocity v0 with
no overshoot in the free vibration response of the displacement.

Assinment 4-2 Consider a system is modeled as a one DOF vibration system with a viscous damping,
where, the mass is m(kg), the stiffness of the spring is k(N/m), and the damping coefficient is c(Ns/m)

{ c : 0 < c < 2 mk }. The equation of motion is represented by mx + cx + kx = 0. As you studied at the
class, its logarithmic decrement and damping ratio are identified from the measured displacement of its
free vibration response. Suppose a case that you have a velocity sensor instead of a displacement sensor.

(1) Show an equation of the velocity v(t) of the free vibration response for an initial displacement
x(0) = x0 and an initial velocity v(0) = x(0) = 0.
(2) Derive the period of the local maximum of the velocity theoretically.
(3) Derive the ratio of the local maximum value of the velocity to the next one in closed form.
(4) Figure 4-2 shows an example of the velocity of a free vibration response. Compute its logarithmic
decrement and damping ratio .
(5) Identify the spring constant k and the damping coefficient c for the mass is m = 0.1 kg.

3
2
1
v (cm/s)

0
1
2
3
0 0.05
0.1 0.15 0.2
t(s)
Fig.4-2 Free vibration velocity response of a one DOF vibration system
Assignment 4-3 Consider a system that is modeled as a one DOF vibration system with a viscous
damping, where, the mass is m(kg), the stiffness of the spring is k(N/m), and the damping coefficient is

c(Ns/m) { c : 0 < c < 2 mk }. The Equation of motion is represented by mx + cx + kx = 0.
(1) Show an equation of the displacement x(t) of the free vibration response for an initial displacement
x(0) = x0 and an initial velocity v(0) = x(0) = 0.
(2) Figure 4-3 shows an example of the displacement of a free vibration response. Compute its loga-
rithmic decrement and damping ratio .
(3) Identify the spring constant k and the damping coefficient c for the mass is m = 0.1 kg.

3
2
1
x (cm)

0
1
2
3
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
t(s)
Fig.4-3 Free vibration response of a one DOF vibration system

Assignment 4-4 Equation of motion of a one DOF vibration system with a viscous damping is
represented by mx + cx + kx = f (t). Consider its frequency response against the harmonic excitation
f (t) = Fa cos(t) and the steady state response is represented by x = Xa cos(t + ). The notation of is
the angular frequency of the excitation.

(1) Derive the dynamic amplitude ratio XXa () with parameters of , the natural angular frequency
q st

n = m k
(rad/s) and the damping ratio = 2cmk . Xst = Fka is the static displacement.
(2) Show a range of the damping ratio (> 0) when the dynamic amplitude ratio has a local
maximum except for = 0.
(3) Derive the local maximum of the dynamic amplitude ratio and angular frequency of the exci-
tation.

x f
m

k c

Fig.4-4 One DOF vibration system with force excitation