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Tags:
time rates
velocity
acceleration
flow
discharge
angular speed
Time Rates
If a quantity x is a function of time t, the time rate of change of x is given by dx/dt.
When two or more quantities, all functions of t, are related by an equation, the relation between their
rates of change may be obtained by differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to t.
Volume of water:
answer
Problem 02
Water flows into a vertical cylindrical tank at 12 ft3/min, the surface rises 6 in/min. Find the radius of
the tank.
Solution 02
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Volume of water:
answer
Time Rates | Applications
Problem 03
A rectangular trough is 10 ft long and 3 ft wide. Find how fast the surface rises, if water flows in at
the rate of 12 ft3/min.
Solution 03
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Volume of water:
answer
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trough#sthash.2eM2xvVU.dpuf
Problem 04
A triangular trough 10 ft long is 4 ft across the top, and 4 ft deep. If water flows in at the rate of 3
ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising when the water is 6 in deep.
Solution 04
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Volume of water:
By similar triangle:
when y = 6 in or 0.5 ft
answer
Problem 05
A triangular trough is 10 ft long, 6 ft wide across the top, and 3 ft deep. If water flows in at the rate of
12 ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising when the water is 6 in deep.
Solution 05
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Volume of water:
By similar triangle:
when y = 6 in or 0.5 ft
answer
03 Water flowing into rectan
Problem 06
A ladder 20 ft long leans against a vertical wall. If the top slides downward at the rate of 2 ft/sec, find
how fast the lower end is moving when it is 16 ft from the wall.
Solution 06
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when x = 16 ft
answer
Problem 7
In Problem 6, find the rate of change of the slope of the ladder.
Solution 07
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where
x = 16 ft
y = 12 ft
dx/dt = 1.5 ft/sec
dy/dt = -2 ft/sec
answer
04-05 Water flowing into triangular troughup08-09 Rate of movement of shadow on the ground
time rates
shadow
Problem 08
A man 6 ft tall walks away from a lamp post 16 ft high at the rate of 5 miles per hour. How fast does
the end of his shadow move?
Solution 08
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answer
Problem 09
In Problem 08, how fast does the shadow lengthen?
Solution 09
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answer
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shadow-ground#sthash.YxmXbQM8.dpuf
Problem 10
A boy on a bike rides north 5 mi, then turns east (Fig. 47). If he rides 10
mi/hr, at what rate does his distance to the starting point S changing 2
hour after he left that point?
Solution 10
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For 5 miles:
when t = 2 hrs
answer
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bike#sthash.09mGtSc4.dpuf
Problem 11
A train starting at noon, travels north at 40 miles per hour. Another train starting from the same point
at 2 PM travels east at 50 miles per hour. Find, to the nearest mile per hour, how fast the two trains
are separating at 3 PM.
Solution 11
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at 3 PM, t = 3
answer
Problem 12
In Problem 11, how fast the trains are separating after along time?
Solution 12
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answer
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east-and-other-heading-
north#sthash.BoQUqNJ6.dpuf
Problem 13
A trapezoidal trough is 10 ft long, 4 ft wide at
the top, 2 ft wide at the bottom and 2 ft deep.
If water flows in at 10 ft3/min, find how fast the
surface is rising, when the water is 6 in deep.
Solution 13
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Volume of water:
From the figure:
when y = 6 in or 0.5 ft
answer
Problem 14
For the trough in Problem 13, how fast the water surface is rising when the water is 1 foot deep.
Solution 14
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When y = 1 ft
answer
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trapezoidal-trough#sthash.G1HVqLfp.dpuf
Problem 15
A light at eye level stands 20 ft from a house and 15 ft from the path leading from the house to the
street. A man walks along the path at 6 ft per sec. How fast does his shadow move along the wall
when he is 5 ft from the house?
Solution 15
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when y = 5 ft
answer
Problem 16
In Problem 15, when the man is 5 ft from the house, find the time-rate of change of that portion of his
shadow which lies on the ground.
Solution 16
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By Pythagorean Theorem:
Thus,
answer
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light-eye-level#sthash.knVrDJjJ.dpuf
Problem 17
A light is placed on the ground 30 ft from a building. A man 6 ft tall walks from the light toward the
building at the rate of 5 ft/sec. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow is changing when he is
15 ft from the building.
Solution 17
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By similar triangle:
when x = 30 - 15 = 15 ft
answer
The negative sign in the answer indicates that the length of the shadow is shortening.
Problem 18
Solve Problem 17, if the light is 10 ft above the ground.
Solution 18
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By similar triangle:
when x = 30 - 15 = 15 ft
answer
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building#sthash.TqWH1vsu.dpuf
Problem 19
One city A, is 30 mi north and 55 mi east of another city, B. At noon, a car starts west from A at 40
mi/hr, at 12:10 PM, another car starts east from B at 60 mi/hr. Find, in two ways, when the cars will
be nearest together.
Solution 19
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where:
Thus,
when ds/dt = 0
Problem 20
For the condition of Problem 19, draw the appropriate figures for times before 12:39 PM and after
that time. Show that in terms of time after noon, the formula for distance between the two cars (one
formula associated with each figure) are equivalent.
Solution 20
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For time before 12:39 PM, see the figure in the general solution of Solution 20.
For time after 12:39 PM, there are three conditions that worth noting. Each are thoroughly
illustrated below.
okay
Problem 21
For Problem 19, compute the time-rate of change of the distance between the cars at (a) 12:15 PM;
(b) 12:30 PM; (c) 1:15 PM
Solution 21
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From Solution 20,
at any time after noon.
answer
answer
answer
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parallel-roads#sthash.TNRYzrWG.dpuf
Problem 22
One city C, is 30 miles north and 35 miles east from another city, D. At noon, a car starts north from
C at 40 miles per hour, at 12:10 PM, another car starts east from D at 60 miles per hour. Find when
the cars will be nearest together.
Solution 22
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where:
Time = 12.2885 PM or 12:17:18 PM answer
Problem 23
For the condition of Problem 22, draw the appropriate figure for times before 12:45 PM and after that
time. Show that in terms of time after noon, the formulas for distance between the two cars (one
formula associated with each figure) are equivalent.
Solution 23
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Before 12:45 PM
For time before 12:45 PM, see the figure in Solution
22.
After 12:45 PM
where:
Thus,
(okay!)
Problem 24
For Problem 22, compute the time-rate of change of the distance between the cars at (a) 12:15 PM,
(b) 12:45 PM.
Solution 24
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Solution 23 above shows that the distance s at any time after noon is given by
See Solution 22
answer
answer
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north-another-car-nearby-city-starts-east#sthash.KBfAI4gr.dpuf
Problem 25
One city E, is 20 miles north and 20 miles east of another city, F. At noon a car starts south from E
at 40 mi/hr, at 12:10 PM, another car starts east from F at 60 mi/hr. Find the rate at which the cars
approach each other between 12:10 PM and 12:30 PM. What happens at 12:30 PM?
Solution 25
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Velocity of approach,
answer
At 12:30 PM
Distance traveled by car from E
= 40(30/60)
= 20 miles
Problem 26
A kite is 40 ft high with 50 ft cord out. If the kite moves horizontally at 5 miles per hour directly away
from the boy flying it, how fast is the cord being paid out?
Solution 26
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when s = 50 ft
502 = x2 + 402
x = 30 ft
Thus,
answer
Problem 27
In Problem 26, find the rate at which the slope of the cord is decreasing.
Solution 27
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Slope
answer
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horizontally#sthash.brEOQjQ0.dpuf
time rates
car
roads
Problem 28
At noon a car drives from A (Fig. 48) toward C at 60 miles per hour. Another car
starting from B at the same time drives toward A at 30 miles per hour. If AB = 42
miles, find when the cars will be nearest each other.
Solution 28
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By cosine law:
Time = 12:24 PM answer
Problem 29
Solve Problem 28 if the car from B leaves at noon but the car from A leaves at 12:07 PM.
Solution 29
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By cosine law:
Problem 30
Two railroad tracks intersect at right angles, at noon there is a train on each track approaching the
crossing at 40 mi/hr, one being 100 mi, the other 200 mi distant. Find (a) when they will be nearest
together, and (b) what will be their minimum distance apart.
Solution 30
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By Pythagorean Theorem:
Set ds/dt = 0
answer
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railroad-tracks#sthash.q984f2SS.dpuf
Problem 31
An elevated train on a track 30 ft above the ground crosses a street at the rate of 20 ft/sec at the
instant that a car, approaching at the rate of 30 ft/sec, is 40 ft up the street. Find how fast the train
and the car separating 1 second later.
Solution 31
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From the isometric box:
where:
x2 = (20t)2 + (40 - 30t)2
x2 = 400t2 + 1600 - 2400t + 900t2
x2 = 1300t2 - 2400t + 1600
after 1 sec, t = 1
answer
Problem 32
In Problem 31, find when the train and the car are nearest together.
Solution 32
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From Solution 31,
answer
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and-car-perpendicular-road#sthash.Y5s69ZuY.dpuf
Problem 33
From a car traveling east at 40 miles per hour, an airplane traveling horizontally north at 100 miles
per hour is visible 1 mile east, 2 miles south, and 2 miles up. Find when this two will be nearest
together.
Solution 33
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where:
x2 = (1 - 40t)2 + (2 - 100t)2
x2 = (1 - 80t + 1600t2) + (4 - 400t + 10000t2)
x2 = 5 - 480t + 11600t2
Thus,
answer
Problem 34
In Problem 33, find how fast the two will be separating after along time.
Solution 34
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answer
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http://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/differential-
calculus/33-34-time-rates-car-traveling-east-and-
airplane-traveling-north#sthash.hz4b55mb.dpuf
Problem 35
An arc light hangs at the height of 30 ft above the
center of a street 60 ft wide. A man 6 ft tall walks
along the sidewalk at the rate of 4 ft/sec. How fast is
his shadow lengthening when he is 40 ft up the
street?
Solution 35
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answer
Problem 36
In Problem 35, how fast is the tip of the shadow moving?
Solution 36
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Triangle LAB,
Triangle ABC,
answer
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shadow-and-movement-its-tip-3d-space#sthash.FWtI7Dh6.dpuf
Problem 37
A ship sails east 20 miles and then turns N 30 W. If the ship's speed is 10 mi/hr, find how fast it will
be leaving the starting point 6 hr after the start.
Solution 37
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By cosine law,
after 6 hrs from start, t = 6 - 2 = 4 hrs
answer
Problem 38
Solve Problem 37, if the ship turns N 30 E.
Solution 38
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By cosine law,
answer
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its-starting-point#sthash.DEDFP896.dpuf
This does not necessarily mean that at these points the function is maximum or minimum. It does
only mean that the tangent is parallel to the x-axis, or the curve is either concave up or concave
down. The points at which dy/dx = 0 are called critical points, and the corresponding values of x
are critical values.
The second derivative of a function is the rate of change of the first derivative or the rate of change
of the slope. It follows that as x increases and y" is positive, y' is increasing and the tangent turns in
a counterclockwise direction and the curve is concave upward. When y" is negative, y' decreases
and the tangent turns in the clockwise direction and the curve is concave downward.
If y' = 0 and y" is negative (i.e. y" < 0), the point is a maximum point (concave downward).
If y' = 0 and y" is positive (i.e. y" > 0), the point is a minimum point (concave upward).
Points of Inflection
A point of inflection is a point at which the curve changes from concave upward to concave
downward or vice versa (see point E from the figure). At these points the tangent changes its
rotation from clockwise to counterclockwise or vice versa.
As an example, the area of a rectangular lot, expressed in terms of its length and width, may also be
expressed in terms of the cost of fencing. Thus the area can be expressed as A = f(x). The common
task here is to find the value of x that will give a maximum value of A. To find this value, we set
dA/dx = 0.
Problem 1
What number exceeds its square by the maximum amount?
Solution 1
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Let
x = the number and
x2 = the square of the number
y = the difference between x and x2
answer
Problem 2
What positive number added to its reciprocal gives the minimum sum?
Solution 2
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Let
x = the required positive number and
1/x = the reciprocal of the number
y = sum of x and 1/x
answer
Problem 3
The sum of two numbers is k. Find the minimum value of the sum of their squares.
Solution 3
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Let
x and y = the numbers
z = sum of their squares
Problem 4
The sum of two numbers is k. Find the minimum value of the sum of their cubes.
Solution 4
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Let
x and y = the numbers
z = sum of their cubes
Problem 5
The sum of two positive numbers is 2. Find the smallest value possible for the sum of the cube of
one number and the square of the other.
Solution 5
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Equation (2)
From Equation (1)
Use
answer
Problem 6
Find two numbers whose sum is a, if the product of one to the square of the other is to be a
minimum.
Solution 6
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Problem 8
Find two numbers whose sum is a, if the product of the square of one by the cube of the other is to
be a maximum.
Solution 8
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Problem 9
What should be the shape of a rectangular field of a given area, if it is to be enclosed by the least
amount of fencing?
Solution 9
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Area:
Perimeter:
(a square) answer
Problem 10
A rectangular field of given area is to be fenced off along the bank of a river. If no fence is needed
along the river, what is the shape of the rectangle requiring the least amount of fencing?
Solution 10
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Area:
Perimeter:
Problem 11
A rectangular lot is to be fenced off along a highway. If the fence on the highway costs m dollars per
yard, on the other sides n dollars per yard, find the area of the largest lot that can be fenced off for k
dollars.
Solution 11
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Total cost:
Area:
answer
Problem 12
A rectangular field of fixed area is to be enclosed and divided into three lots by parallels to one of the
sides. What should be the relative dimensions of the field to make the amount of fencing minimum?
Solution 12
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Area:
Fence:
Problem 13
Do Ex. 12 with the words "three lots" replaced by "five lots".
Solution 13
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Area:
Fence:
answer
Problem 14
A rectangular lot is bounded at the back by a river. No fence is needed along the river and there is to
be 24-ft opening in front. If the fence along the front costs $1.50 per foot, along the sides $1 per foot,
find the dimensions of the largest lot which can be thus fenced in for $300.
Solution 14
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Total cost:
Area:
Dimensions: 84 ft 112 ft answer
box
Problem 15
A box is to be made of a piece of cardboard 9 inches square by cutting equal squares out of the
corners and turning up the sides. Find the volume of the largest box that can be made in this way.
Solution:
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Maximum volume:
answer
Problem 16
Find the volume of the largest box that can be made by cutting equal squares out of the corners of a
piece of cardboard of dimensions 15 inches by 24 inches, and then turning up the sides.
Solution:
HideClick here to show or hide the solution
answer
Problem 17
Find the depth of the largest box that can be made by cutting equal squares of side x out of the
corners of a piece of cardboard of dimensions 6a, 6b, (b a), and then turning up the sides. To
select that value of x which yields a maximum volume, show that
Solution:
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and
If a = b:
From
(x is equal to of 6b - meaningless)
From
okay
Use answer
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top#sthash.J0mzVbOK.dpuf
wood
beam
stiffness
rectangular beam
Problem 18
The strength of a rectangular beam is proportional to the breadth and the square of the depth. Find
the shape of the largest beam that can be cut from a log of given size.
Solution:
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Strength:
answer
Problem 19
The stiffness of a rectangular beam is proportional to the breadth and the cube of the depth. Find the
shape of the stiffest beam that can be cut from a log of given size.
Solution:
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Stiffness:
answer
Problem 20
Compare for strength and stiffness both edgewise and sidewise thrust, two beams of equal length, 2
inches by 8 inches and the other 4 inches by 6 inches (See Problem 18 and Problem 19 above).
Which shape is more often used for floor joist? Why?
Solution:
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Strength, S = bd2
Stiffness, k = bd3
2" x 8" is stiffer than 4" x 6" and it is the commonly used size for floor joists. In fact, some local codes
required a minimum depth of 8".
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maxima-and-minima-problems#sthash.vvspN74D.dpuf
right triangle
circumscribing circle
box
rectangle
square
Problem 21
Find the rectangle of maximum perimeter inscribed in a given circle.
Solution:
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Problem 22
If the hypotenuse of the right triangle is given, show that the area is maximum when the triangle is
isosceles.
Solution:
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Area:
Problem 23
Find the most economical proportions for a covered box of fixed volume whose base is a rectangle
with one side three times as long as the other.
Solution:
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Given Volume:
Total Area:
Problem 24
Solve Problem 23 if the box has an open top.
Solution:
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Given Volume:
Area:
Altitude = 3/4 shorter side of base. answer
box
cylinder
quart can
Problem 25
Find the most economical proportions of a quart can.
Solution:
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Volume:
Problem 26
Find the most economical proportions for a cylindrical cup.
Solution:
HideClick here to show or hide the solution
Volume:
Problem 27
Find the most economical proportions for a box with an open top and a square base.
Solution:
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Volume:
Area:
Problem 28
The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is P inches. Find the maximum area.
Solution:
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Perimeter:
Area:
Thus,
Therefore
answer
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maxima-and-minima#sthash.RIvsmivH.dpuf
box
cylinder
sphere
Problem 29
The sum of the length and girth of a container of square cross section is a inches. Find the maximum
volume.
Solution:
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Volume
For 2x = 0; x = 0 (meaningless)
For a - 6x = 0; x = 1/6 a
Use x = 1/6 a
answer
Problem 30
Find the proportion of the circular cylinder of largest volume that can be inscribed in a given sphere.
Solution:
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Volume of cylinder:
answer
Problem 31
In Problem 30 above, find the shape of the circular cylinder if its convex surface area is to be a
maximum.
Solution:
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answer
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maxima-and-minima#sthash.OguieAr0.dpuf
right triangle
rectangle
Problem 32
Find the dimension of the largest rectangular building that can be placed on a right-triangular lot,
facing one of the perpendicular sides.
Solution:
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Area:
Problem 33
A lot has the form of a right triangle, with perpendicular sides 60 and 80 feet long. Find the length
and width of the largest rectangular building that can be erected, facing the hypotenuse of the
triangle.
Solution:
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Area:
By similar triangle:
Thus,
Dimensions: 50 ft 24 ft answer
Problem 34
Solve Problem 34 above if the lengths of the perpendicular sides are a, b.
Solution:
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Area:
By similar triangle:
Thus,
Dimensions:
answer
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problems-of-a-rectangle-inscribed-in-a-triang#sthash.MjpYNBds.dpuf
norman window
print area
page
Problem 35
A page is to contain 24 sq. in. of print. The margins at top and bottom are 1.5 in., at the sides 1 in.
Find the most economical dimensions of the page.
Solution:
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Print Area:
Page area:
Dimensions: 6 in 9 in answer
Problem 36
A Norman window consists of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. What shape gives the most
light for the given perimeter?
Solution:
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Given perimeter:
Where:
Thus,
Light is most if area is maximum:
Problem 37
Solve Problem 36 above if the semicircle is stained glass admitting only half the normal amount of
light.
Solution:
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Problem 38
A cylindrical glass jar has a plastic top. If the plastic is half as expensive as glass, per unit area, find
the most economical proportion of the jar.
Solution:
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Volume:
Let
m = price per unit area of glass
m = price per unit area of plastic
k = total material cost per jar
For b + a = 0; b = -a (meaningless)
For b - 2a = 0; b = 2a (ok)
Use b = 2a answer
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minima#sthash.9YVxpFXB.dpuf
trapezoidal gutter
trapezoid
metal strip
Problem 41
In Problem 39, if the strip is L in. wide, and the width across the top is T in. (T < L), what base width
gives the maximum capacity?
Solution:
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Area:
(note that L and T are constant)
Problem 42
From a strip of tin 14 inches a trapezoidal gutter is to be made by bending up the sides at an angle
of 45. Find the width of the base for greatest carrying capacity.
Solution:
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Area:
answer
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problem-involving-a-trapezoidal-gutter#sthash.wYC7W38Y.dpuf
wire
boat
ship
pole
stake
light
Problem 43
A ship lies 6 miles from shore, and opposite a point 10 miles farther along the shore another ship lies
18 miles offshore. A boat from the first ship is to land a passenger and then proceed to the other
ship. What is the least distance the boat can travel?
Solution:
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Total Distance:
For 2x - 5 = 0; x = 5/2
For x + 5 = 0; x = -5 (meaningless)
Use x = 5/2 = 2.5 mi
answer
Problem 44
Two posts, one 8 feet high and the other 12 feet high, stand 15 ft apart. They are to be supported by
wires attached to a single stake at ground level. The wires running to the tops of the posts. Where
should the stake be placed, to use the least amount of wire?
Solution:
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Solution:
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By Quadratic Formula:
A = a2 - b2; B = -2a2c; C = a2c2
For
meaningless if a > b
For
okay
Use
when S is minimum:
tan = tan , thus, = (okay!)
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maxima-and-minima#sthash.WFtbHokI.dpuf
equilateral hyperbola
hyperbola
cubic curve
Problem 46
Given point on the conjugate axis of an equilateral hyperbola, find the shortest distance to the curve.
Solution:
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Standard equation:
Thus,
Distance d:
Nearest Distance:
answer
Problem 47
Find the point on the curve a2 y = x3 that is nearest the point (4a, 0).
Solution:
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from
point
curve
distance
Problem 48
Find the shortest distance from the point (5, 0) to the curve 2y2 = x3.
Solution:
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from
For , (meaningless)
For , (okay)
Use .
answer
Another Solution:
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Differentiate
Equation of normal:
Problem 49
Find the shortest distance from the point (0, 8a) to the curve ax2 = y3.
Solution:
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From
is meaningless, use
answer
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point
curve
distance
ellipse
Problem 50
Find the shortest distance from the point (4, 2) to the ellipse x2 + 3y2 = 12.
Solution:
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from
Nearest distance:
answer
Another Solution:
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Equation of normal:
Problem 51
Find the shortest distance from the point (1 + n, 0) to the curve y = xn, n > 0.
Solution:
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by inspection: x = 1
Problem 52
Find the shortest distance from the point (0, 5) to the ellipse 3y2 = x3.
Solution:
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Equation of normal:
Shortest distance
answer
cylindrical tank
copper
rectangle
cylinder
boiler
circular quadrant
tin
Problem 53
Cut the largest possible rectangle from a circular quadrant, as shown in Fig. 40.
Solution:
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Area of rectangle
for
(meaningless)
for
answer
Problem 54
A cylindrical tin boiler, open at the top, has a copper bottom. If sheet copper is m times as expensive
as tin, per unit area, find the most economical proportions.
Solution:
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Let
k = cost per unit area of tin
mk = cost per unit area of copper
C = total cost
Volume
Problem 55
Solve Problem 54 above if the boiler is to have a tin cover. Deduce the answer directly from the
solution of Problem 54.
Solution:
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Volume
box
silo
oak
pine
Problem 56
The base of a covered box is a square. The bottom and back are made of pine, the remainder of
oak. If oak is m times as expensive as pine, find the most economical proportion.
Solution:
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Let
k = unit price of pine
mk = unit price of oak
C = total cost
Volume of the square box:
Total cost:
answer
Problem 57
A silo consists of a cylinder surmounted by a hemisphere. If the floor, walls, and roof are equally
expensive per unit area, find the most economical proportion.
Solution:
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Let
k = unit price
Total cost:
cylindrical tank
silo
cone
hemisphere
can
Problem 58
For the silo of Problem 57, find the most economical proportions, if the floor is twice as expensive as
the walls, per unit area, and the roof is three times as expensive as the walls, per unit area.
Solution:
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Let
k = unit price of wall
2k = unit price of floor
3k = unit price of roof
Total cost:
Equation (1)
Equation (2)
Problem 59
An oil can consists of a cylinder surmounted by a cone. If the diameter of the cone is five-sixths of its
height, find the most economical proportions.
Solution:
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Area of the floor
Thus,
Total area:
Equation (1)
page
Problem 60
One corner of a leaf of width a is folded over so as just to reach the opposite side of
the page. Find the width of the part folded over when the length of the crease is a
minimum. See Figure 41.
Solution:
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answer
Problem 61
Solve Problem 60 above if the area folded over is to be a minimum.
Solution:
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Area:
answer
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cylinder
sphere
cone
Problem 62
Inscribe a circular cylinder of maximum convex surface area in a given circular cone.
Solution:
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By similar triangle:
Problem 63
Find the circular cone of maximum volume inscribed in a sphere of radius a.
Solution:
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sphere
cone
Problem 64
A sphere is cut to the shape of a circular cone. How much of the material can be saved?
(See Problem 63).
Solution:
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Thus,
answer
Problem 65
Find the circular cone of minimum volume circumscribed about a sphere of radius a.
Solution:
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Volume of cone:
By similar triangle:
Thus,
Altitude of the cone = 4 the radius of the sphere, a answer
Another Solution:
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Thus,
(okay!)
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sphere
cone
tepee
pyramid
tent
Problem 66
Find the largest right pyramid with a square base that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius a.
Solution:
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Volume of pyramid:
Problem 67
An Indian tepee is made by stretching skins or birch bark over a group of poles tied together at the
top. If poles of given length are to be used, what shape gives maximum volume?
Solution:
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Volume of tepee:
answer
Problem 68
Solve Problem 67 above if poles of any length can be found, but only limited amount of covering
material is available.
Solution:
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Volume of tepee:
answer
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motorboat
bus
transportation
beach
Problem 69
A man on an island 12 miles south of a straight beach wishes to reach a point on shore 20 miles
east. If a motorboat, making 20 miles per hour, can be hired at the rate of $2.00 per hour for the time
it is actually used, and the cost of land transportation is $0.06 per mile, how much must he pay for
the trip?
Solution:
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answer
Problem 70
A man in a motorboat at A (Figure 42) receives a message at noon
calling him to B. A bus making 40 miles per hour leaves C, bound for
B, at 1:00 PM. If AC = 40 miles, what must be the speed of the boat to
enable the man to catch the bus.
Solution:
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answer
Problem 71
In Problem 70, if the speed of the boat is 30 miles per hour, what is the greatest distance offshore
from which the bus can be caught?
Solution:
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By Pythagorean Theorem:
answer
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illumination
theory of attraction
Problem 72
A light is to be placed above the center of a circular area of radius a. What height gives the best
illumination on a circular walk surrounding the area? (When light from a point source strikes a
surface obliquely, the intensity of illumination is
where is the angle of incidence and d the distance from the source.)
Solution:
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answer
Problem 73
It is shown in the theory of attraction that a wire bent in the form of a circle of radius a exerts upon a
particle in the axis of the circle (i.e., in the line through the center of the circle perpendicular to the
plane) an attraction proportional to
where h is the height of the particle above the plane of the circle. Find h, for maximum attraction.
(Compare with Problem 72 above)
Solution:
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Attraction:
answer
Problem 74
In Problem 73 above, if the wire has instead the form of a square of side , the attraction is
proportional to
Find h for maximum attraction.
Solution:
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Use
answer
cylinder
maximum volume
Situation
A right circular cylinder of radius r and height h is inscribed in a right circular cone of radius 6 m and
height 12 m.
Part 1: Determine the radius of the cylinder such that its volume is a maximum.
A. 2 m
B. 4 m
C. 3 m
D. 5 m
Part 3: Determine the height of the cylinder such that its lateral area is a maximum.
A. 10 m
B. 8 m
C. 6 m
D. 4 m
Solution
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For maximum volume of cylinder:
Part 1: [ B ]
Part 2: [ D ]
Solution
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answer
parabolic section
largest area
height of parabola
width of parabola
height of cone
Situation
A right circular cone has a base diameter of 24 cm. The maximum area of parabolic segment that
can be cut from this cone is 207.8 cm2.
Solution
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Equation (1)
Equation (2)
Equation (3)
Thus,
From Equation (3)
Part 1: [ D ]
Part 2: [ C ]
From
From Equation (2)
By Pythagorean theorem
Part 3: [ C ]
Note:
For maximum area of parabola that can be cut from a right circular cone: