Ex.

02

Type of lines
 Types of Lines
• The succeeding slides describe the
different lines and their orientation (sizes,
widths, thicknesses) used in engineering
practice
LINE TYPES WIDTH & CHARACTER OF LINES

THICK
VISIBLE/OBJECT LINE
for edges visible
from
view 1 mm 3 mm
THIN
HIDDEN LINE
for edges not visible
from view

THIN,
45°, 2-3
SECTION LINE mm
spacing
to show the interior
feature of the object

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA,PhD

LINE TYPES WIDTH & CHARACTER OF LINES

19 – 38 mm 2 mm 3 mm

CENTER LINE THIN

to represent symmetry

2 mm 6.4 mm

CUTTING or
THICK
VIEWING PLANE
LINES OR

19 – 38 mm 1 mm 3 mm
to indicate a THICK
plane in which
a section is
taken

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA,PhD

LINE TYPES WIDTH & CHARACTER OF LINES

EXTENSION
, DIMENSIO THIN
N& LEADER
LINES
to specify measurements of objects

2 mm 3 mm
19 – 38 mm
THIN
PHANTHOM LINE
to represent paths
of motion

THICK
BREAK LINE &
19 – 38 mm
THIN
LONG BREAK LINE

to indicate
portions
of lengths taken
out Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA,PhD
PLICATION of the DIFFERENT LINES:

This is the basic 3D object, called ISOMETRIC, where the x, y, z axes

are the length, height, width, respectively

The x (length), and z (width) axes are drawn at 30°

while y (height) is drawn perpendicularly
at their intersection

The lines of the respective axes and

their corresponding planes are parallel
thus this is also known as parallel projection.

30°
30°

ISOMETRIC

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA

APPLICATION:
To draw the object in two-dimension (2D),
Measure the x & z
3 views are required:
of a plane & project z
Front view, Top view, R.Side view

W
45º To visualize the
Top View

draw 45° mitre line,

intersecting the z
L
H

To visualize the
Front View To visualize the
Measure the x & y project the projected z to R. Side View
of a plane & project intersect the projected y
Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA
 Ex. 2 Instructions
• The next slide shows the FINAL activity
• The succeeding slide describes the construction of
the 2D figures that typically apply most of the lines
(visible, center, hidden, section, extension,
dimension, leader, cutting or viewing plane) used in
drawing, i.e. the top, front, r.side and section views.
• The other slides show the construction of the Olympic
rings, Bearing, Curve and the symmetric circles.
Apply center lines & visible lines on these drawings.
 Line types application:
TOP VIEW The OLYMPIC RINGS

1.5
45º 45º

3.5

1.5 ø 2.5
0.8

(In vertical or inclined gothic letters,

3.5
write the meaning of this logo &
8.0
color each ring.)

4.0 SAMPLE plate

FRONT VIEW R, SIDE VIEW SECTION VIEW

60°

SMOOTH CURVE – for designs of CAMS of Circles, semi-circles in rhythm

harmonic motion

BEARING – for designs of various

Title
Alphabet of Lines, Circles, & Arcs
Name Activity No.
manufacturing parts Marifa S. Torralba,
Sec. Student No. Date Station No.
 HOW TO DRAW TWO-DIMENSIONAL FIGURES (2D)
TOP VIEW

1.5
45º

NOTES:
3.5
•Apply the line thicknesses appropriately
• The sizes for the length, height, width
shown are for sample purposes only. Give
2.5 your own dimension values.
1.5 ø
0.8 • The projection lines are in PENCIL only.

3.5

8.0

4.0

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE VIEW SECTIONVIEW

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA
• The succeeding slides exercise the use of
the compass, triangles, and describe their
construction
• Use 0.2 pen for the all center lines and 0.8
pen for the visible lines of the other lines
19 – 38 mm 2 mm 3 mm

Center line

Visible line

Title
Alphabet of Lines, Circles & Arcs
Name Activity No.
Marifa S. Torralba,
Sec. Student No. Date Station No.
 The sizes of the circles
are variable

60°

BEARING – for designs of various

manufacturing parts

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA, PhD

 • Draw the X & Y axes
• Divide a radius into equal parts

• Draw the circles increasing

the radius

• Repeat the construction

at the opposite
side of the axis

Circles, semi-circles in rhythm

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA, PhD
 1. Draw a semi circle of any diameter
2. Divide the semicircle into sectors. (each
sector in this activity is = 15°
3. Draw lines parallel (any distance) to the
diameter of the semicircle = to the
number of sectors created.
1 4. Project the points of intersection of the
radius vector in the semicircle to the
2
parallel lines drawn accordingly.
3

5. Trace the points of intersection (freehand)

to finish the smooth curve
4

6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

10
11
12

SMOOTH CURVE – for designs of CAMS of

harmonic motion

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA, PhD

 NOTE: add the meaning of this
logo & put color in each ring
The Olympic Rings

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA, PhD