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1, 2010
Translated from Denki Gakkai Ronbunshi, Vol. 128-A, No. 6, June 2008, pp. 401406
2. Experimental
(b)
2.1 Experimental setup
2
Table 1. Specifications of H.V. pulse source
3
Fig. 7. Time variation of TOC concentration in
solutions with two different electric conductivities
for oxygen of argon discharge.
4
Fig. 8. Typical applied voltage and current waveforms
of nine parallel discharges with oxygen gas.
hole electrode reactor. The experimental conditions were: Fig. 10. Input power as a function of charging voltage
charging voltage 8 kV, frequency 1 kHz, oxygen feed, and and frequency in single or nine-hole electrode reactor.
solution conductivity 90 S/cm. Compared with Fig. 4, the
current peak is doubled, and the decay time of the voltage
is decreased. The dissipated energy per pulse is 2.2 mJ. The
visible photograph, taken at an exposure time of 300 ns, varied to change the input power to the reactor. The input
shows that nine parallel operations of pulsed discharges power to the reactor increased with the voltage, but the input
were achieved with this electrode system, as shown in Fig. power with the nine-hole electrode was less than nine times
the value of the input power with the single-hole electrode.
9. The averaged discharge power was a few watts, but the
The power dissipation per hole decreased with the nine-
peak discharge power reached 12 kW. Therefore, discharge
hole electrode. The decomposition rate as a function of the
generation in each hole may be possible by using only one
discharge input power is shown in Fig. 11. The decompo-
pulsed voltage source. However, DC operation required at
sition rate was calculated by the equation
least 40 W of discharge power to sustain one discharge, so
that the limited power of the voltage source failed to gen- (7)
erate multiple discharges with one voltage source.
The dissipated power in the single- or nine-hole
electrode reactor is shown in Fig. 10, as a function of the where t (gTOC/min) is the amount of acetic acid decom-
charging voltage and repetition frequency. In this figure, posed per minute, C (ppm) is the reduction in TOC, w (g)
both the charging voltage and the repetition frequency were
5
is the weight of the solution, and t (min) is the processing 4. Conclusions
time. The decomposition rate increased with the discharge
input power. This is because the number of OH radicals By parallel operation of pulsed discharges inside
increased with the current magnitude, which was a linear bubbles in treated water, we successfully demonstrated the
function of the input power, through reactions (1) to (3). decomposition of acetic acid, used as a persistent substance.
Higher repetition frequencies resulted in large amounts of The higher solution conductivity increased the magnitude
OH radicals. of the discharge current, and resulted in a higher decompo-
The decomposition energy efficiency e (gTOC/kWh) sition rate of acetic acid. Parallel operation using a single
was calculated as follows, where f (Hz) is the repetition driving circuit was achieved by using fast rising pulsed
frequency, V (V) is the charging voltage, and I (A) is the voltages. The maximum decomposition rate and efficiency
discharge current: were 19.8 g/min and 0.35 g/kWh, respectively. Effective
utilization of OH radicals can be achieved by lowering the
(8) discharge input power by preventing the mechanisms of
quenching of OH radicals. Parallel operation of pulsed
Unlike the decomposition rate, the decomposition energy discharges seems to be suited to realizing an efficient reac-
efficiency rapidly decreased with increasing input power, tion field for utilizing OH radicals.
as shown in Fig. 12 for the single-hole and the nine-hole
electrode reactors. This result shows the crucial effects of Acknowledgment
quenching of OH radicals on the decomposition efficiency.
Increasing the frequency had little influence on energy This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Sci-
efficiency, and seemed not to enhance the OH reduction entific Research (KAKENHI), No. 18360133.
shown by Eqs. (4) to (6). As indicated by Fig. 12, the
decomposition efficiency with a single hole in 5-kHz op-
eration differed from the other data because the applied REFERENCES
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Keisuke Sato received his B.E. and M.E. degrees from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 2006 and 2008 and went to work
for GE Yokogawa Medical Systems, Ltd.
Koichi Yasuoka (member) received his B.E., M.E., and D.Eng. degrees from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1978, 1980,
and 1983. From 1983 to 1995, he was engaged in the development of high-power lasers at Toshiba Corporation. In 1995, he
joined the Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and is currently a professor in the Department of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering. His research interests include plasmawater interactions, the electrohydrodynamic effect, and their
applications.
Shozo Ishii (member) received his B.E., M.E., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Tokyo Institute of
Technology in 1968, 1970, and 1973 and joined the Faculty of Engineering. From 1973 to 1975, he was affiliated with the
Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Canada. He is currently a professor in the Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology. His research interests are atmospheric microplasmas and their
applications.