Electronic Design Process

(from the book Portable Electronics Product Design

and Development)

Equipos y Terminales de Usuario

(User equipment and terminals)
 Bibliography
Portable Electronics Product Design and
Development. Bert Haskell. McGraw-Hill
www.raspberrypi.org
http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/index.html
www.wiringpi.com

Portable Electronic Design Process 2

 Index
The product development process
Portable electronic design factors
System design
Raspberry Pi

Portable Electronic Design Process 3

The product development process

Portable Electronic Design Process 4

Development Process
Product Planning

Design & Engineering

Procurement

Manufacturing

Marketing & Distribution

Service & Support

Portable Electronic Design Process 5

 1 In product planning
Set of requirements: use cases
Initial business plan
No specs

Portable Electronic Design Process 6

 Use cases: examples
Speech: Next train does
not accept passengers

Speech:

train

Speech: Next train does

not accept passengers

Speech:

train

Portable Electronic Design Process 7

Use cases: examples

Portable Electronic Design Process 8

 In business plan
Global factors
Customer profile
Time scale
Competition

Portable Electronic Design Process 9

Porters forces

Portable Electronic Design Process 10

 Portable electronics customer
profile
Age 14-35
Sporty or nerdy
No clear connection to monetary
or social status

Portable Electronic Design Process 11

 An example: data storage
CD: scratches, dirt, size, temperature but high
capacity, versatile usage and known fidelity
MiniDisc: physically protected, specifically for
portability but audio quality loss possible with
dense packing and restricted format
Memory card: expensive, best physical
protection, limited capacity
Built-in: limited capacity, if malfunctioning
entire device useless, only electronic data
removal Portable Electronic Design Process 12
 2 In Design & Engineering:
Specification
System architecture
Circuit design
Physical design
Causes 70 % of the end cost

Portable Electronic Design Process 13

Necessary disciplines

Portable Electronic Design Process 14

 One comment:
New portable devices can indeed be applications of
recent technological break-throughs
More often new gadgets are efficient applications of
rather proven circuits and components
Testing entirely new ideas in customer markets may
turn out expensive time (time to market) is often an
essential issue
To find those relevant technologies and ways of
implementing them for very large production volumes is
challenging
Portable Electronic Design Process 15
 3 In procurement:
Availability
Components often advertised much before first
prototype
Global search
Pricing
Typical vendor information is seldom applicable
(starting from $ 0.95....)

Co-operation with designers

confirm compatibility between subcontracted units
Portable Electronic Design Process 16
 4 In marketing:
Create the need early enough
Minimize inventories

Handle retailers etc.

Start before actual deliveries
Advertise products for the mass market by design
and fun coolness factor

Sony example: own network

Portable Electronic Design Process 17

 5 In service & support:
After-sales-dept. vs. repair
Can we afford repairs ?
Whats the prestige level ?
Spare supplies cause costs...
Warranty and customer right
issues are important to many but
not all

Portable Electronic Design Process 18

 Development Process
System Product Concept
Product Planning
Architecture
Product
Design & Engineering
Trade-off Requirements
Analysis Procurement

Circuit Design Manufacturing

Physical Design Marketing & Distribution

Service & Support

Portable Electronic Design Process 19

Portable electronic design factors

Portable Electronic Design Process 20

 Design Factors
1. Functionality
2. Performance
3. User interface
4. Form-factor
5. Battery life
6. Cost
7. Time-to-market
8. Reliability
Portable Electronic Design Process 21
1 Functionality

Portable Electronic Design Process 22

 About specs

Only a minority of customers consider

numerical specifications unless they can see
or hear (or feel) the real difference

However, artificial performance figures

can be created in marketing (e.g. a 54x cd
drive)

Portable Electronic Design Process 23

2 Performance

Portable Electronic Design Process 24

Ways & parameters to
estimate performance

Portable Electronic Design Process 25

Performance

Portable Electronic Design Process 26

 3 Human-Machine Interface
Vision: aging, environment
Hearing: environment, aging
Feeling : just a feeling...
something else ?

Portable Electronic Design Process 27

User Interface

Portable Electronic Design Process 28

 4 Typical marketing jargon:
The form factor of
electronic gadgets
It is not so important what
the thing really does as long
as it fits the predefined size
and form assumptions
Ethically questionable:
cigarette pack-size

Portable Electronic Design Process 29

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 30

2D interfaces suggest flat products

Portable Electronic Design Process 31

Tool kit form factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 32

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 33

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 34

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 35

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 36

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 37

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 38

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 39

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 40

Form-factor

Portable Electronic Design Process 41

Portable Electronic Design Process 42
 Other factors
5 Battery life

6 Cost

Portable Electronic Design Process 43

 Other factors
7 Time-to-market

8 Reliability
Portable Electronic Design Process 44
Some items affecting reliability

Portable Electronic Design Process 45

System design

Portable Electronic Design Process 46

 In system design
Product concept
Innovation
Creation
Validation
Communication
Product requirements
System architecture development
Trade-off analysis
Cost model discussion
Circuit design
Physical and mechanical design
Manufacturing & procurement
Portable Electronic Design Process 47
System design

Portable Electronic Design Process 48

Portable Electronic Design Process 49
Product concept

Portable Electronic Design Process 50

Product concept

Portable Electronic Design Process 51

Innovation and Creation

Portable Electronic Design Process 52

Validation and Communication

Portable Electronic Design Process 53

 Product requirements
Functionality
Form-factor
Battery life
Cost
Time-to-market
Reliability
Portable Electronic Design Process 54
 Interface
requirements

Portable Electronic Design Process 55

System architecture

Portable Electronic Design Process 56

 Trade-off Analysis

Printed Circuit
Assembly

Portable Electronic Design Process 57

Circuit Design

Portable Electronic Design Process 58

ASIC vs FPGA

Portable Electronic Design Process 59

FPGA vs ASIC

Portable Electronic Design Process 60

FPGA vs ASIC

Portable Electronic Design Process 61

Physical Design and Development

Portable Electronic Design Process 62

DFMA (Design for Manufacturing and
Assembly Analysis)

Mechanical Design 63
 DFMA (Design for Manufacturing and
Assembly Analysis)

Balancing the objectives of cost, time, function and quality

PRODUCT COSTING

PRODUCT SIMPLIFICATION

http://www.dfma.com/
Mechanical Design 64
DFMA (Design for Manufacturing and
Assembly Analysis)

Mechanical Design 65
DFMA (Design for Manufacturing and
Assembly Analysis)

Mechanical Design 66
DFMA (Design for Manufacturing and
Assembly Analysis)

Mechanical Design 67
Portable Electronic Design Process 68
Raspberry Pi

Design Platforms 69
Raspberry Pi

Design Platforms 70
Raspberry Pi

Design Platforms 71
Raspberry Pi

Design Platforms 72
Raspberry Pi 3

Design Platforms 73
Raspberry Pi Zero

Design Platforms 74
Raspberry Pi

Design Platforms 75
Raspberry Pi: OS

Design Platforms 76
Raspberry Pi: GPIO

Design Platforms 77
 Using the GPIO Pins
There are two different methods to read or write
these pins using Linux
Creating a file-type access in the file system
Write/read memory addresses allocated to the GPIO
peripheral of the SoC using pointers
Memory locations can be found in the datasheet for the
BCM2835

Design Platforms
 Using the File System
Create and run the following shell script (blink.sh)
using sudo: sudo ./blink.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo 17 > /sys/class/gpio/export
echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/direction
while true
do
echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/value
sleep 1
echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio17/value
sleep 1
done

Make the pin available for other applications using

with the command: echo 17 > /sys/class/gpio/unexport
Design Platforms
 C library for BCM 2835
http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/index.html

Design Platforms
 C library for BCM 2835
http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/index.html

Design Platforms
 C library for BCM 2835
http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/index.html

Design Platforms
 WiringPi
http://www.wiringpi.com/
 WiringPi
A GPIO access library written in C for the BCM2835
Writes/reads the base address of the memory allocated to
the GPIO
Similar to the Wiring library in Arduino used to make
common IO operations easier
Features:
command-line utility gpio
supports analog reading and writing
WiringPi
WiringPi:pins
 Raspberry Pi: development
SSH And Telnet Clients: PuTTY, WinSCP,
Programming Languages: C#, C, C++, CodeBlocks, Forth,
Java, JavaScript via Node.js, Pascal, PHP, Python, Matlab, Scratch.
Integrated Development Environment
Eclipse Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux;
Simulink Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux;
Portable Python Windows;
BiiCode Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux;
Adafruit WebIDE Linux, Mac OS X;
Proview Linux;
MobaXterm Windows;
Sublime Text Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux;
Visual Studio Windows;
Coder Windows;
Espees Windows and Linux;
Wyliodrin Works in Design
browser;
Platforms 87