1 Chapter? Shell Momentum Balances and Velocity Distributions in Lamina lw Fig. 24-1 The somentum ux dtbution tnd acy deribtion fr the upeard ow ina cine anos Note thatthe {ronvemasdn hangen signa theme ‘lus for whi the veloc has 8 Vea xin, the beth in he cretion opposed to gravity. We wake the sme potas ain Sea ees iene males ee Ba Oe Longest be eng eral ato tony (@ 200 ) : dowel ) aan “Ths ters from Eg, 23-10 only in that 9 = p+ gz here, since the coordinates isin the ‘rection opposed © gravity ie, 2s the same ab the of footnote Tin §23) Integration of Bg. 241 gives a just asin Eg, 2341 ‘The copetant C, cannot be determined immediatly since we have no iformation shout the momentum a tthe fied surfaces 7 = xR andr ~ R. Alle krow is that ‘ove will bra maximum in the elo curve a some as yet unknown sufice 7 = AR at orhich the momenta wil be zr, That, § re ‘When we solve this equation for and substitute into Bg, 242, we get ~Pait()-] ‘The ony eiference between ths equation and Eg, 242s thatthe constant of integration Gihas been eliminated in favor of» diferent constant A. The advantage ofthis that we: ow the geometrical significance of) ‘We now subtitute Newtons lw of viscoly tain diferent equation fre . -228( (2) .(8)] can i, into Ba, 244 to b=og sh ne pai diferente a22"[(@) -2m(Q)-<] ase ‘We now evaluate the tv constants of negation, and C, by sing the nop cond tn oneal slid boundary Ber streak, n=0 ass Bor areR ane Substitution of these boundary conditions ino Ea. 2446 then gives two simultaneot uations Dine tes O14: 249,1¢ From these the two integration constants and Cae found tobe - tne 7 Gr: ag ean ‘These expressions can be inserted into Eqs 244 and 2445 to give the momentum fa istibution and the velocity distribution! fllows aa PE -()-dage(§]]| ane [Note hat when the annulus becomes very thin (ew only light ss than ny), results simplify to those fra pane sit (ee Probiem 203), I always good ides ‘check "iting cases” such as these whenever the opportnity present el, ‘The lower lini of e— Ona 0 simple Benuse the ato) /l)/) will a sways be important in a reion close tothe inner Boundary. Hence Bq. 2.614 does ne Elmplify tothe parabolic dstrbuton. However, Eq, 24-17 fr themes ae of we doe Simply tothe Hagen-Poieile equation ‘Once we have the mamentumu and volo distbutiors, i ¢staightforwar to getother rests of intrest ©The mex ois =a = tna) eae San = ea were i given in Eq 2412, (i) Theasege relay i given by -1=2) ea Sciaa] ee aan amt yn, Canis Un Pn 3 ion OW, p 5BCChaper? She Momenturn Balances ane Velcty Distutions in Laminar How (iv) The force exert by the fi on the soli ufcs Is obtained by summing the forces acing onthe inner and outer nds, allows: Ce RLM~ Feat) RARDIAToed = aR - 8-9) eu) ‘The eader should explain the choice of signs in foto the shear stresses above and also givean interpretation of he nl rsul "The equations derived above ae valid only foramina Now. The laminas-turbulent ‘eanaltion occurs inthe nelghborbiood of Re = 200, with the Reynolds number defined ah Re= 2801 ~ wx) 5 FLOW OF TWO ADJACENT IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS" “Thus far we have considered flow stations with sid-luid and lquid-gas boundaries, ‘Wenow give one example of flow problem with lguid-liquid interac see Fig, 25") "Two immiscible incompressible igus are Mowing in the = direction ina horizontal thin sit of length Land width Wunder the influence of» horizontal pressure gradient (Qo r)/L- The lid flow rates ae sdusted so thet the iti hal filled with Mud 1 he Imore dense phase) ail led with ai (he ess dense phase) The ui are Now: Ing sufiintly slowly that no instabilities occur tat is thatthe interface remalns ex telly planar Is dest to find the momenta fex and velocity distributions. "A lferential moments balance lends tothe lowing differential equation fr the omentum fe es “This equation Is obtains for both phase too regions gives pos Integration of a. 25-1 for the Fea Ea ope orn mn Lael fection Fig 25:1 Pow of wo iminiscibe Mkts toon a yirof horizontal plates under The inuence of pressure gradient "The det ow fans nd isn cola en eiedey AE Da wit tn Chop Boy Ca Enno Thy Operas” A Ass esol New Yk 050,525. RowofTwo Adjcentinmisble Fide ‘We may inmtitely make use of one ofthe boundary conditons—surely, that € momentum fox rs ontinuous through the uid ntertace BCL a@r=0, hee as This tel us tat ints, ‘When Newtons aw of vnc is sbtnte into Eas, 25:2 and 25, we get CCfshence we drop the supercript and cl both integration oz =f (OB), as nt (EA, as shes pts nn tat) a Gat) & ‘The tne integration constants can be determined fom the following neslip bound Bor 2s Bos as Boe os ‘when thes thre boundary conditions ate applied, we ge three simultareous equate forthe integration constant: from B.2 as. fromBC.3 os. from BC.4 os From these three equations we get os as (Ga ZS)Cchoper2_ Shell Momentum Bdacas ane Velocity Distributions in Laminar Flow “These distributions ae shown in Fig, 25-1 If both viscosities ae the same, then the ve Teay ditto s parabolic as one woul expect fora pure Mud owing between parla pts (se Ba, 282-2 “Tac ssage Sle in each layer can be obtained and the results are coo bf ee She OR) cm 2 f tte ae (ee ca} esa ‘rom the velocty and moment fx distebutions given above, one can als cla Tenis veloaty, the vloey tthe itrace, the plane of zero shear stress and the drag onthe walls ofthe st 26 CREEPING FLOW AROUND A SPHERE! Te the preceding sections several clementary viscous flow problems have been solved Fan esr Ge with reclinne flows with only one nonvanishing veloctycompo- These ave ow around sphere nvaves two sonvanishing velocity components % aan ae tbe scaly analyzed by the techniques explained at the Denning of his eft Nometeise a Bit cuca of low around eps i aramid hare Be epee ane miportanee of low around submerged objets, In Chapter 4 we show hov Sra ine veleclty and pressure dlaributions. Here we nly te the results and show Peja can be ded to derive some important relations that we need in ater deus tow Rc problern ent! here, and ago ia Chapter 4 is concerned with “creping on —ihalis very slow low, Tis typeof low is also refered to as “Stokes ow.” ‘We eanater here the ow of an iacombressbe fui about a sold sphere of adios ‘Rand dhauetes Dau shown in Fig, 26-1, The Oui, with density p and viscosity 1 ap Ralvsofmiee=R frond hci 7 bon Scene 4 ae IRuDe ig. 261 Sphere of radios R teu whch Bui i fw Ing. Te coordinates 0, and & [shown Formore into Fomor | fin on peril coodinats, vey seeFig ABZ Pid spree TG Saks a dre i Se, 16 (HS Feng ow rund on otto sy shaper se eC Eng 8 18.708-727 O98 Snes ted Sit Fi Mas, doen Pp, eon O97) 528 eee en natn Fa Drs, Cait Unrest Ms 97 43. cee ei Mteitrstm Pca led Aptis, ater ena on GN 4623 sto oman horas decal ering few” lens,