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DE JUIZ DE FORA
ANLISE DE REDES I
Aula Nmero: 04
2017
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Variaes da Topologia
Etc...
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
p
t=a Lembrete
Transformador Ideal
j p
Ep Vp e I km I
= =a = km = a
Ek Vk e j k
I mk I mk
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
B C
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
A = a ykm
B = a (a 1) ykm
C = (1 a ) ykm
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
k Ek Em m
a ykm
Ikm Imk
a (a 1) y km (1 a ) y km
Situaes:
akm > 1,0 Vk Vm
Lembrete
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Concluso:
Os transformadores de tap varivel contribuem somente na diagonal da barra k
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Matriz Jacobiana
expandida resolvida a cada
iterao
do mtodo de Newton
v J ca J vx u
=
P
J
J yx x [v ] = [u] =
y yu Q V
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
y = V 'i = Viesp Vi
Varivel de Estado:
x = akm
Atualizao do tap do Transformador:
( h +1) ( h) ( h)
akm = akm + akm
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
! " ! ! # ! ! # ! ! $ !
Pk Pk Pk Pk Pk Pk
Pk # Vk
#
m Vm
#
i a km
# k
k
Q # Q Q k Q k Q k Q k Q k
k
k
# # # Vk
k Vk m Vm i a km
! # ! ! # ! ! # ! ! # !
Pm Pm Pm Pm Pm Pm
Pm # # # # m
= k Vk m Vm i a km
Q m Q m Q m Q m Q m Qm
Q m # Vk
#
m Vm
#
i a km
# Vm
k
! # ! ! # ! ! # ! ! # !
Pi Pi Pi Pi Pi Pi
Pi # # # # i
k Vk m Vm i a km
Q i Q i Q i Q i Q i Qi
Q i # # # # a km
k Vk m Vm i a km
! $ ! ! # ! ! # ! ! " !
20
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
! " ! ! # ! ! # ! ! # ! $ !
Pk Pk Pk Pk Pk Pk Pk
Pk # Vk
#
m Vm
#
i Vi
#
x
# k
k
Q # Q k Q k Q k Q k Q k Q k Q k
# # # #
k
k Vk m Vm i Vi x Vk
! # ! ! # ! ! # ! ! # ! # !
Pm Pm Pm Pm Pm Pm Pm
Pm # # # # # m
k Vk m Vm i Vi x
Q m Q m Q m Q m Q m Q m Q m
Q m # Vk
#
m Vm
#
i Vi
#
x
# Vm
= k
! # ! ! # ! ! # ! ! # ! # !
Pi Pi Pi Pi Pi Pi Pi
Pi # # # # # i
k Vk m Vm i Vi x
Q i Q i Q i Q i Q i Q i Q i
Q i # # # # # Vi
k Vk m Vm i Vi x
! # ! ! # ! ! # ! ! # ! # !
y # y y
#
y y
#
y y
#
y
# x
k V k m V m i V i x
! $ ! ! # ! ! # ! ! # ! "
!
21
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Derivadas introduzidas
Pk P
= km = 2.akm .Vk2 .g km Vk .Vm .g km . cos km Vk .Vm .bkm .sen km
akm akm
Qk Qkm
= = 2.akm .Vk2 .bkm + Vk .Vm .bkm . cos km Vk .Vm .g km .sen km
akm akm
Pm Pmk
= = Vk .Vm .g km . cos km + Vk .Vm .bkm .sen km
akm akm
Qm Qmk
= = Vk .Vm .bkm . cos km + Vk .Vm .g km .sen km
akm akm
22
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
24
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
! " ! # ! ! $ !
Pk Pk Pk
P
k # # # k
k m Vm
! # ! # ! ! # !
= Pm Pm Pm
Pm # # # m
k Vm Vm
Q m Q m Q m
Q
m # # V
# m
k m Vm
! $ ! # ! ! " !
25
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
26
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Varivel de Estado:
Tenso da Barra de Gerao: x = Vk
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Transformadores Defasadores
31
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Transformadores defasadores
Ek = Vk e j k Em = Vm e jm
k j p m
E p = Vp e
t = a e j p
Ep I km
= t = a j
p = k + = t *
Ek I mk
(
I km = t * ykm (Em E p ) = ( ykm ) Ek + t * ykm Em )
I mk = ykm (Em E p ) = ( t ykm ) Ek + ( ykm ) Em Lembrete
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Linhas de a =1
Transmisso =0
sh
Transformadores bkm =0 Lembrete
em Fase
=0
Transformadores
a =1
sh
Defasadores bkm =0
34
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
esp
y = Pkm Pkm
Varivel de Estado:
x = km
Atualizao do tap do Transformador defasador:
(km
h +1)
= (km
h)
+ (km
h)
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Barra-003
Barra-001
0.0
657.0 628.5 -628.5
G
1.0j 80.0j
0.980 1.075
Barra-002 -1860.9 G
0.0
1350.0 1282.1 -1282.1
G
-0.6j 163.2j
0.980 1.075
0.0
25.0
2.5j
-2.3j
0.985
-25.0
24.7
1.045 Barra-004
1.2j
25.0
2.3j
1.062
-0.5j
-25.0
-24.7
1.045
Barra-005
49.7
36
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Barra-001
0.0
657.0 628.5 -628.5
G
1.0j 80.0j
0.980 1.075
Barra-002 -1860.9 G
0.0
1350.0 1282.1 -1282.1
G
-0.6j 163.2j
0.980 1.075
0.0
120.0
9.3j
-120.0
-4.6j
0.985
-70.3
1.044 Barra-004
5.1j
120.0
4.6j
1.062
70.3
0.5j
1.044
Barra-005
49.7
37
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Pl, 5 Barra-005
60,
55,
50,
45,
40,
35,
30,
25,
20,
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
Patamar
38
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
MW, De 4 Para 5 NC 1
130,
125,
120,
115,
110,
105,
100,
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
Patamar
39
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
0.985
-784.9
-24.1j
ANGRA-DEF138 1.062
1.036 181
GRAJAU---500
107
267.2
16.7j
323.2
21.2j
323.2
21.2j
1.058
322.7
21.3j
322.7
21.3j
1.0 1.000 GR2-T54--FIC GR1-T52--FIC
GRAJAU-2-1CS 179 110 GRAJAU-1-1CS
0.0 1.050 0.0 1.050
38 44
1.0 0.0
-267.2
-10.1j
-322.7
1.5j
1.5j
-321.9
-321.9
31.6j
31.6j
GRAJAU---138
178
1.030
40
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
0.984
-790.9
-23.6j
ANGRA-DEF138 1.062
1.036 181
GRAJAU---500
107
250.0
15.7j
325.2
21.0j
325.2
21.0j
1.058
324.7
21.1j
324.7
21.1j
2.6 1.000 GR2-T54--FIC GR1-T52--FIC
GRAJAU-2-1CS 179 110 GRAJAU-1-1CS
0.0 1.050 0.0 1.050
38 44
2.6 0.0
-250.0
-9.9j
-324.7
2.0j
2.0j
-323.9
-323.9
31.9j
31.9j
GRAJAU---138
178
1.030
41
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
0.989
-666.6
-48.4j
ANGRA-DEF138 1.058
1.037 181
GRAJAU---500
107
231.9
19.0j
318.6
318.6
1.054 6.2j
6.2j
318.3
318.3
4.8j
4.8j
2.6 1.000 GR2-T54--FIC GR1-T52--FIC
GRAJAU-2-1CS 179 110 GRAJAU-1-1CS
0.0 1.050 0.0 1.050
38 44
2.6 0.0
-231.9
-14.1j
-318.3
17.4j
17.4j
-317.3
-317.3
2.2j
2.2j
GRAJAU---138
178
1.030
42
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
0.989
-660.2
-48.8j
ANGRA-DEF138 1.058
1.037 181
GRAJAU---500
107
250.0
19.3j
316.5
316.5
1.054 6.4j
6.4j
316.2
316.2
5.1j
5.1j
0.9 1.000 GR2-T54--FIC GR1-T52--FIC
GRAJAU-2-1CS 179 110 GRAJAU-1-1CS
0.0 1.050 0.0 1.050
38 44
0.9 0.0
-250.0
-13.6j
-316.2
16.9j
16.9j
-315.2
-315.2
2.1j
2.1j
GRAJAU---138
178
1.030
43
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
44
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Formulao do problema
!
PI n-1 = P2 ,n-1 P3,n-1 Pn,n 1 + PI i = P
m k
km
m i
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Formulao do problema P
P H N
PG
Q
Q = J L V
PG
PG1 = 12 PG 2 PI PI PI PI
PG
PG 2 = 23 PG3 V PG
!
PG ( nf 1) = ( nf 1) nf PGnf
(h +1 ) (h) (h)
PGf = PGf + PGf
46
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Caracterstica esttica do RV
f
fv
1
PG PG0 + ( f f0 ) = 0
R f0
fc
fv fc
Rp.u. =
f0
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Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
1
PG1 PGesp + ( f f esp ) = 0
1 R1
1
PG2 PGesp + ( f f esp ) = 0
2 R 2
!
1
PGng PGesp + ( f f esp ) = 0
ng Rng
i iesp = 0
48
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
V2 V2esp = 0
!
esp
Vng Vng =0
Sistema
!
linear
! " ! ! !
genrico
! " !
expandido
! ! !
! !
Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk
todas as barras independente do
Qk " " " " "
k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
V k
tipo da barra
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1
y "
1 k Vk
"
x1 x1' x2 x2'
"
xng '
"
xng x2 ng +1
"
x1
Novas posies para a insero das
y ' "
1
y1' y1'
"
y1' y1' y1' y1'
"
y1' y1'
"
y1'
" x '
1
equaes dos RV para cada
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
y " y2 y2
"
y2 y2 y2 y2
"
y2 y2
"
y2
" x
unidade geradora do sistema
2 x1 x1' x2 x2
' ' 2
k Vk xng xng x2 ng +1
=
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
' y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 '
y2 "
k Vk
"
x1 x1' x2 x2
'
"
xng '
xng
"
x 2 ng +1
"
x 2 Novas posies para a insero da
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
equao que mantm a tenso no
yng
yng "
yng
"
yng yng yng yng yng
"
yng
"
yng
" xng
valor especificado para cada
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
x '
unidade geradora do sistema
yng "yng yng
"
yng yng yng yng
"
yng yng
"
yng
" ng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
! !
" !
! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
Nova posio para a insero da
i' i' i' i' i' i' i' i' ' '
"
k Vk
"
x1 x1' x2 '
x2
"
xng
i
'
xng
"
x
i
2 ng +1
x
" 2 ng +1 equao de referncia angular
!
!
! ! " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " !
50
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Sistema
!
linear
! " ! ! !
genrico
! " !
expandido
! ! !
! !
" Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk
"
Pk
"
Pk k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x2 ng +1 k
Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk
Qk " " " " "
k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x 2 ng +1 V k
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1
y " " " " "
x
1 k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1 1
Sistema de
y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1'
y ' " " " " " x '
1 1
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
equaes da
y " y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2
" " " " x
2 x1 x1' x2 x2
' ' 2
k Vk xng xng x2 ng +1
=
'
y2 "
y2 ' '
y2
"
'
y2 '
y2 '
y2 '
y2
"
'
y2 y2 '
"
y2 '
"
x '
2
ordem
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2
' xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " !
"
!
(2nb + 2ng +1)
yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng
yng " " " " " xng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' x '
yng "yng yng
"
yng yng yng yng
"
yng yng
"
yng
" ng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
! !
" ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
i' i' i' i' i' i' i' i' i '
i ' x
" " " " " 2 ng +1
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
!
!
! ! " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " !
51
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Sistema
!
linear
! " ! !
genrico
! ! " !
expandido
! ! !
! !
" Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk
"
Pk
"
Pk k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x2 ng +1 k
Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk
Qk " " " " "
k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
V k
Clculo de novos resduos :
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 1
y1 = PG1 + PGesp + ( f f esp )
y " " " " "
x
1 k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1 1
1 R1
y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1'
y ' " " " " " x '
1 1
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
y " y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2
1
" x
y2 = PG2 + PGesp + ( f f esp )
" " "
2 x1 x1' x2 x2
' ' 2
k Vk xng xng x2 ng +1
=
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 2 R 2
' y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 '
y2 " x
" " "
" 2
Vk x1 x1' x2 x2
' xng ' x
k xng 2 ng +1
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
!
yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng 1
yng = PGng PGesp + ( f f esp ) = 0
yng " " " " " xng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
ng Rng
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' x '
yng "yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng
k Vk
"
x1 x1' x2 x2 '
"
xng '
xng
" "
x2 ng +1
ng
!
! !
" ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
i' i' i' i' i' i' i'
i' = iesp i
i' ' '
i i x
" " " " " 2 ng +1
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
!
!
! ! " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " !
52
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Sistema
!
linear
! " ! !
genrico
! ! " !
expandido
! ! !
! !
" Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk
"
Pk
"
Pk k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x2 ng +1 k
Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk
Qk " " " " "
k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
V k
Clculo de novos resduos :
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1
y " " " " "
x
1 k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1 1
y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1'
y ' "
1
"
x1' x2 x2'
"
'
" " x '
1
y1' = V1esp V1
k Vk x1 xng xng x2 ng +1
y " y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2
" " " " x
2 x1 x1' x2 x2
' ' 2
k Vk xng xng x2 ng +1
=
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
y2' = V2esp V2
' y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 '
y2 " x
" " "
" 2
Vk x1 x1' x2 x2
' xng ' x
k xng 2 ng +1
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! " !
yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng
!
yng " " " " " xng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' x ' ' esp
yng "yng yng
"
yng yng yng yng
"
yng yng
"
yng
" ng yng = Vng Vng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
! !
" ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
i' i' i' i' i' i' i' i' i '
i ' x
" " " " " 2 ng +1
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
!
!
! ! " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " !
53
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Sistema
!
linear
! " ! ! !
genrico
! " !
expandido
! ! !
! !
" Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk
"
Pk
"
Pk k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x2 ng +1 k
Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk
Qk "
k Vk
"
x1 x1' '
x2 x2
"
xng '
xng
"
x 2 ng +1
"
V k
Insero de novas variveis de
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
estado:
y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1
y " " " " "
x
1 k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
1 x1 = PG1
y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1'
y ' " " " " " x '
1 1
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
y " y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2
" x
2
k Vk
"
x1 x1' x2 x2
'
"
xng '
"
xng x2 ng +1 2 x2 = PG2
=
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
' y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 '
y2 " x
" " "
" 2
k Vk x1 x1' x2 '
x2 xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
!
yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng
yng "
k Vk
"
x1 x1' x2 x2 '
"
xng '
"
xng x2 ng +1
" xng
xng = PGng
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' x '
yng "yng yng
"
yng yng yng yng
"
yng yng
"
yng
" ng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
!
! !
" ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
i' i' i' i' i' i' i' i' ' '
" " "
i
"
i x
" 2 ng +1 x2ng +1 = f
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
!
!
! ! " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " !
54
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Sistema
!
linear
! " ! ! !
genrico
! " !
expandido
! ! !
! !
" Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk Pk Pk
"
Pk Pk
"
Pk
"
Pk k Vk x1 x1' '
x2 x2 xng '
xng x2 ng +1 k
Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk Qk
Qk "
k Vk
"
x1 x1' '
x2 x2
"
xng '
xng
"
x 2 ng +1
"
V k
Insero de novas variveis de
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
!
estado:
y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1 y1
y " " " " "
x
1 k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x2 ng +1 1
y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1' y1'
y ' "
1
k Vk
"
x1 x1' x2 x2'
"
xng '
xng
" " x '
x2 ng +1 1
x1' = QG1
y " y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2
" " " " x
2 x1 x1' x2 x2
' ' 2
k Vk xng xng x2 ng +1
=
x2' = QG2
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
' y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 y2 '
y2 " x
" " "
" 2
Vk x1 x1' x2 x2
' xng ' x
k xng 2 ng +1
! " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! " !
!
yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng yng
yng " " " " " xng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
'
'
yng "yng
' '
yng
"
'
yng '
yng '
yng '
yng
"
'
yng '
yng
"
yng' x '
"
ng xng = QGng
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2 ' xng '
xng x2 ng +1
! !
" ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! " ! "
i' i' i' i' i' i' i' i' i '
i ' x
" " " " " 2 ng +1
k Vk x1 x1' x2 x2' xng '
xng x 2 ng +1
!
!
! ! " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " !
55
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
56
Curso de Anlise de Redes I Aula Nmero: 04 PROF. JOO ALBERTO PASSOS FILHO
Questo
57