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Fritz Laboratory Reports Civil and Environmental Engineering
1960
J. A. Mueller
B. Thurlimann
B. T. Yen
Recommended Citation
Basler, K.; Mueller, J. A.; Thurlimann, B.; and Yen, B. T., "Web buckling tests on welded plate girders. Overall introduction and part 1:
the test girders.WRC Bulletin, 64, (September 1960), Reprint No. 165 (60-5)" (1960). Fritz Laboratory Reports. Paper 66.
http://preserve.lehigh.edu/engr-civil-environmental-fritz-lab-reports/66
This Technical Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil and Environmental Engineering at Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted
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--~~~.------------- ._-------_._----- --------
2. ~j--I-'II
VVELDED P TE GIRDERS
REP RT NO. 251~ 11
I
I
KO'NRAD BASLER
BUNC-TSENC YEN
JO'HN A. MUELLER
BRUNO THURLIMANN
Welded plate Girders, Report No. 251-11
submitted to the
Welded Plate Girder Project Committee
for approval as a publication
including
by
FOREWORD
recommend values of 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8 for plate girders used
due to bending, Ref. 162, p. 81. Thus, not only the safety
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
are due to finer Taysi and Jin Tah for their assistance in
testing, data reduction, and in the preparat~on of the
Table of Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Nomenclature
Literature Survey and References
C\J
Part 2: TESTS ON PLATE GIRDERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING r-f
1
rl
201 Introduction Lf\
C\J
2.2 Design of Girders and Test Setup
2.3 Basic Test Observations
P-!
<D
2.4 Ultimate Loads .~
..
2.5 Failure Modes H
2.6 Discussion
lit
-7-
NOMENCLATURE
I Moment of inertia
M Bending moment
NA Neutral axis
P Applied load
S Section modulus
v Shear force
a Panel length
d Flange thickness
k Buckling constant
r Radius of gyration
t Web thickness
E : Strain
cr Normal stress
1: Shear stress
-10-
4. S~bscripts Examples
Technische Kommis- 11
sian des Verbandes z~angew.Math.u~Mech. Zeitschrift fur angewandte
Schweizerischer Mathematik und Mechanik
BrUckenbau- und
T.K.V.S.B. Mitt. Nr. Mitteilung Nr.
Stahlhochbauunter-
nehmungen. Changed
1956 into: Schwei-
zer Stahlbauverband
5. Barbre~.R..
rtStabilitllt gleichmHssig gedrUckter Rechteckplatten
LITERATURE SURVEY
mi.t LHngs- oder Quersteifen 1l
Ing~ Arcbiv, Vo~. 8~ 1937, s. 1~7;
nan the Buckling. of Corrogated Panels Due to Shearn ITFundamental Considerations on the Stability of
Plates and Shells in the Plast.i.c. Region l l
14. Bergmann, St. I.V .. B.li .. , Vorbe, 1. Kongress, Paris, 1932~ s. 130.
Buckled Rectangular plates Under the
"Be~..avior-of
Action of Shearing Forces" "The Stability of Thin Halls in Compression Members f'
Institution of Structural Engineering and Bridge
Building, Rep., Stockholm, 1948.
21. Bleich, F.
tTBuckling Strength of Metal Structures" (Book)
lS~ BLjlaard, P.P~ McGraw-Hill Company, New York, London, and
J~heory of Local Plastic Deformations ~ Theory of Toronto, 1952.
the Elastic Stability of Thin Plates Tt
I .. A B.S.E., Pub1 Vol .. 6 y 1940-41, pp. 27-69.
4 ,
22. Boley, B.
"The Shearing Rigidity of Buckled Sheet Panels"
16. Bijlaard, P . P. J. Aero. Sci., Vol. 17, No~ 6, 1950~
nS ome Contributions to the.Theory of Elastic and
plastic StabilityU
I.A.B.S .. E., Publ., Vol. 8, Zurich, 1947, pp. 17-80.
, 2~" .Bollenrath, F" 29'~ Budiansky, B. and Connor:p- R ...W~
"Ausbeulerscheinungen an ebenen,_ auf Schuh bean- . . "Buckling Stresses of Clamped Rectangular' Flat
spruchten Platten" '. Plates in'Shear"
Luftf" Forsch., Vol ~ 6~ 1929, S':> _1, (auch Thesis N.A.C .. A.'- T~N . 15Sg., 1948.
Techn. Hochschufe, Aachen" 1928) ,,'7
"Buckling Phenom~na on Flat plates Subjected to 30. Budiansky; B", Connor, R~W"., and, Stein, M'..
Shear l ' "Buckling in Shear' of Continuous Flat Plates"
N"A . . C.A~, T~N~ 1565, 1948"
47. Cornfield, G..M-. and Sparkes, S.R. "Commentary on the Provisions of the Standar4
"Buckling of t;he Webs of Plate Girders" . Specificat.ion$"
Jour . of -the Inst.,_of Civ . Eng . , Vol.24, 1945, p.59. Gives an excellentexplanatiop. of the. German"
Specif~cations by E . Chwalla.
60 .. Falconer,- B.H.
"Post Buckling Behaviour of Long Square Boxes 67.. Frbhlich-,. H.
Under Torsion fr nStabilitHt der gleichmassig gedrticktenRecht-
Engineer, Vol. 196, 1953, p. 690. eckplatte mit Steifenkreuz 1J
Thesis Tech. Hochschule Hannover, 1937 und
Bauing., Vol. 18, 1937, S .. 673.
61. Falconer, B.H. and Chapman, J.C.
"Compressive Buckling of Stiffened Plates lt i1Stability of uniformly Compressed Rectangular
Engineer, Vol. 195,. 1953, pp. 789, 882. Plate with Crossing Stiffeners ' !
-'The Buckling 'Strength of Rectangular Plates fT "Buckling Tests~_on Model Girders in Steel'f
I
I--'
63. Federhofer, K. 69. Gaber, E. CD
l'TragfMhigkeit der tiber die Beulgrenze belasteten I
1tUeber die Aussteifung von Vollwandtr~gern aus
n
Kreisplatte Stahl Tf
Forsch. auf d. Gebiet d. Ingenieurwesens> Vol. 11, Stahlbau, Heft 1 und 2, 1944.
1940, s. 97.
nOn the Stiffening of Plate Girders t1
f1Tne Ultimate Load of the Circular plate Loaded
Beyond BuckliQgrr
70 . Gall, H. ~7 ..
"Compressive Strength of Stiffened Sheet panels'T
64. Fienup, K.L., Levy, s.> and walley, R.M. Reporeed by Newell> J.S. ItStrength of Aluminum
'lAnalysis of Square Shear Web Above Buckling Load tT Alloy Sheets q , Airway Age, 1930.
N.A.C.A., T.N ... 962, 1945.
71. _Gerard, G. .
65.- Friedrichs, K.O .. and Stoker, J .. J. l'Secant Modulus Method for Determining plate
ffThe Non-Linear Boundary Value Problem of the Instability Above the proportional Limit fT
Buckled Plate tT J. Aero. Sci., Vol . 13, 1946, p. 38.
Nat".. Acad .. of Sciences, Proc .. > Vol .. 25, 1939,
p .. 535.
72. Gerard~' G. 19. Hartmann;r F.
"Critical Shear Stress of Pl.ates Above the "Knickung - Kippung - Beulung TJ
Proportional Limit 1f Leip4ig und Wien~ 1937" VIII Absatz ..
Jour. of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 15 ~ No. l"
1948~ pp. 7-12. "Column Buckling - Lateral and Plate-Buckling"
(Book)
.I.V.B.H., Abh .. , Band 7, verlag Leemann, Zurich, T.K .. V .. S.B., MLtt_ Nr. 1, verlag Leemann, zUrich,
1943/44, S. 215. - 1948.. .
'-rhe 'Stability of Compressed Plates in the. Elastic "Elastic Stability of Non~Uniformiy Compressed
and Inelastic Region" Plates tr-
Experimental Investigation ..
'~late Buckltng.in the plastic Range by 121. Kroll, tV.D., Fisher, G.P .. ," and Heimerl., G.. J.
Considering Shear H TtCharts for Calculati..on_of -the Cri.tical"Stress
As in the previous reer~nce, shear refers for Local InstabilitY of Columns wLth r-, Z-,
to.'t XL and 't yz.' not 't xy. Channel-, and _Rectangular-Tube Sections Tl
N ..A.C.A .. ,W ..R .. L~42?, 1943.
"Fundamental Considerations on the Problem of 125. Kuhn,_P. and. Peterson, J.P ...
Buckling safety of plate Girders" rrStrengthAna~ysi.s of Stiffened Beam.-WebsH
N ...A.. C.A .... :) T .M... 1364~ 1947.:-
126 . . Kuhn, p.~ peterson, J.P. and Levin,-L.R. 133-.. Levy, s.
fJA Summary of Diagonal Tension ff Part I and II. ffBuckling of Rectangular, Plates wi.th BUilt-In
N.A,.C.A., T.N. 2661 and 2662, May 1952. Edges." '
A.S .M.E.:t Trans. > VoL .. -64,. 1942, p ... A 171...
150. Marguerre, K.
143. Lundquist, E~E . and Stowell, E.Z. TtDie {{ber die Ausbeulgrenz.e belastete platte -
tlRestraint Provided a Flat Rectangular plate by Energieansatz und Differentia1g1eichungen 1f
I
Sturdy Stiffener Along the Edges of the Plate" Z.A.M.M., Vol. 16, 1936, s. 353. J\)
N.A.C . A., T.N. 735, 1942. \..rl
I1Plate Loaded Beyond the Buckling Load - I
Potential Energy and Differential Equations"
-144 . Lundquist, E . E., Stowell, E.Z., and Schuette, E.H.
IIPrinciples of Moment Distribution Applied to
Stability of Structure~ Composed of Bars or 151. Marguerre, K.
plates U flDie mittragende Breite der gedrllckten Platte"
N.A . C.. A., W..R. L-326, 1943. Luftf. Forsch., Vol. 14, 1937~ S. 121.
"On the Theory" of the CurYed, Plate. with Large liThe Buckling of Plates"
Displacements fl
175. Nagel, H.
"gtabilitHt gedrUckter Rechteckpl?tten mit 181. Pippard, A.J.S., Sparkes, S.R . , and Chapman, J.C.
streifenweiser konstanter Dicke Tt '''Experiments on Flexure of Rectangular Box
Diss. T.R. Hannover, 1942. Girders .on Thin Steel Plating"
Colston papers, Symposium on Engineering.. Struc-
"The Stahility of' a Compressed Rectangular Plate ~es, Bristol, 1949.
with Piecewise constant Thickness ll
177. anat, E.T. and Drucker, D.C. "Contribution to the-problem of Compressed, Thin
"Inelastic Instability ~d Incremental Theory of p+ofiles Beyond Buckling tf
plasticity II ,_ ,o--_r. __.,
J. Aero. Sci)~ Vol. 20'j 'No. 3, March 1953, p.181.
184. Reissner" 'E.
IlBucklingof Plates with Intermediate Rigid
17,g .; ..p..eters,,,'~.-G.;. Supper,tst' "-
"Buckling Tests of. Flat. Rectangular Plates Under J. Aero~. Sci. ,Vo.l.. 12, 1945:1 p. 375.
Combined Shear and .Longitudinal 'Compress~onn
N.A.C.A .. , T .N. 750, 1.948. .
185. Reissner, H.
"Ueber die Kni.cksicherheit ebener Bleche"
179.- PflUger, A. zentralblatt derBauverwa~tung, 19-09, s. 93.
flZum Beulprob1em.der anisotropen Rech-teckplatte"
Ing. Archiv, Vol. 16,1947,.5.111/20. "Qn the Buckling of Plane Plates"
~2'9<3.. ;;l.
SClleer,~ "The Influence of Poisson's Ratio on the Stability
HZum Problem der 'GesamtstahilitHt von einfach- of Steel Plates"
JI
symmetrischen I-TrHgern
Stahlbau, Vol. 28, 1959, S. 113, S .. 165 ..
. 205. Schleicher, F
"an the Problem of the Complete-Stability* "Einfluss der StabilitMt der Stegbleche auf die
of Simply Symmetric Girders with I-Sections" Gestaltung vollw3Ildiger BalkenbrUcken tt I
I.V.B.H .. , Vorb., 2. Kongress, Berlin-MUnchen, W
o
* How does _web buckiingaffect lateral buckling 1936" S. 1391. I
of the beam and vice versa? In a Doctor_f~;
dissertation the author investigates the IJThe Influence of the Web Stab.ility on'the Design,
interaction of these two stability cases. of Plate Girder .Bridges U
207. Schleicher~ F.
202. SChleicher~ F. "Unelastische Beulung versteifter Stegbleche'
UStabilitHt leicht gekrl:lmmter Rechteckplatten H Bauing .. ~ Vol. 20, 1939, S. 217.
I.V.B-.H.,Abh., Vol. 1, zHrich; 1932, S .. 433.
nlnelasticBuc~ling of Stiffened I-lebs n
"The Stahil:ity o-Sl:ightly Curved Rectangular
Plates n
208. Schleicher, F. 213. Sc~, T.E.
flU~ber die B2ulungvQn Re"chteckplatten mit "Die quadratische Plat;te- bei Schubbelastimg.
anfHng1icher Ausbiegungn oberhalb der BeuIgrenze n
Forschungsh .. aus do Gebiete do Stahlbaues, Nr. 6, rng. Arcbiv', Vo~. 1], 1949, S. IIi .
1943,. s. ,146.
liThe Square plate Under She~ Beyond BucklingJT
nOn the Buckling of Rectangular Plates with
Initial-Deflections"
214. Schwerin, E.'
"ueber die Knicksicherheit ebener Bleche beL.
209. Schleicher, F. ,exzentrischer Randbelastung r
1'Taschenbuch fllr Bauingenieure, Erster Band,t z. angew. Math. -u. Meeh. ,.-Vol. 3', ..1923, S. ~22 ..
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, G8ttingen, Heidelberg,
1955. "On Buckling of. Eccentrically Loaded> Plane Sheets"
.~~~-
220. Seydel, E. . 224. Sezawa, K.
HUeber das Ausbeu1en eines orthotropen Platten- "Das- Ausknicken vonallseitig befestigten und
streifens (einer sehr langen, rechteckigen, gedrUckten Rechteckplatten"
versteiften Platt"e) bei Schubbeanspruchung" z . angew . . Math. u ... Mech., Vol .. 12, 1932, S .. 227 . .
Proc .. of 3d Int. Congr. for Applied Mechanics,
Vol .. 3, Stockholm, 1930. "The Buckling of Compressed Rectangular plates"
233. Stein, O.
"Die StabilitHt ,der BlechtrHgerstehbleche im 239. Stowell, -E.Z. and Lundquist, E.E-.
zweiachsigen SpannungszustandT' nLocal Instability of Columns with Channel and
Stahlbau, Nr. 7, 1934, S. 57. Rectangular Tube sections"
N.A.C.A., -T.N. 743) 1939.
"The Web Stability of Plate-Girders Under a J
Two-Dimensional State of Stress" W
240. Stowell, E.Z., Heimerl, G.J., Libove, Ch .. and. W
I
Lundquist, E.E.
234. Stein, o. HBuckling Stresses for Flat plates and Sections"
I1StabilitHt ebener Rechteckb-leche unter Biegung A.S.C.E. Proc. Vol. 77, July 1951 (Separate.No. 77)
und Schub"
Bauing. Vol. 17, 1936, S. 308.
241. Stllssi, F.
t~The_St-ability<)f -Plane Rec'tangular Sheets Under "Berechnung der Beulspannungen gedrUckterRecht-
Bending and Shear'" eckplatten"
I.V.B.H.I; Abh., Band 8, Verlag Leemann, ZUrich"
1947, S. 237.
235. Stiffel, R.
"Biegungsbeulung versteifter Rechteckplatten" "The Calculation of Cr:iti.cal Stresses of Compressed
Bauing-., Vol. 22, 1941, 5. 367. Rectangular Plates lf
245. Stllssi, F.. , Ko'llbrunner, C.. F. und Walt, M.. 250. Timoshenko, S. _
"Versuchsbericht {{ber das Ausbeulen der auf ein- "Einige StabilitM.csprobleme der E1astizi.tMtstheori.e"
seitigen, gleicbmHssig und ungleichmMssig ver- zeitschrift f& Mathematik und Physik, Vol. 58, I
teilten Druck beanspruchten Platten T' 1910, S. 337. W
lnst. f. Baust. a.d. E.T.H . , Mitt. Nr. 25, +=-
I
:Verlag Leemann, Zllrich, 1951. "Some Problems of Elastic Stabi.li.ty1t
cf ~o
'0 6;'
6
c.
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&
u. S. A. 0 df5"l$
0 g$.~ 0
Buckling, of Rectangular Plates 6 000
ens
De 6 e-ts
$.6~i 6
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Bending, Compression 1 or Shear DO- DO
d' Contai n i og Test Results -eQ
c
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1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 Year
FigJ
-1-
1.1 Introduction
,.
Grou.p shown in subjected Girders
to
1 Fig. 1.1 bending GI, G2, G3, G4, G5
2 Fig. 1.2 shear G6, G7
3 Fig. 1.3 combined El, E2, E4, E5, G8, G9
se~tion did cnot change and the entire girder was the test
section proper. The rour girde~s termed El, E2, E4, and E5
w~re fabricated by splicing the undamaged end sections of
~.he corresp'ondingly numbere'd girders Gl, G2, G4 and G5.' an'd
.reinforcing .them wi th cover plates-.
shear stress
'1. Loa.ding ootidi t1on: ~ ::; '7:/0 - normal stress
"b" the web d.epth, and nt" the web thickness, the third and
ener spacing was 1.5 times the web depth. The girder was
then reinforced by subdividing each of the two larger
panels with new transverse stiffeners. Thus failure was
roread ,to occur in the right-half of the girder where the
spacing of the stiffeners was 0.75 of the depth4 This
happened in the panel adjacent to the loading stiffener
and furnished the second test, T2. Welding a reinforcing
stiffener across this damaged panel allowed for a third
test T3 in a panel whose aspect ratio was a = 0.,.
In the following sections the evaluation of girder
plate dimepsions is given first, followed by the determi-
nation of steel properties, and finally, the detailed
computation of specific reference values.
-5-
This variation is due to the fact that the web was originally
cut from a plate whose width was 100 inches and the lower
edge of the web was located at the midspan of the rolls
during the rolling o,peration. The slight flexibility of the
......
about thirty times the yield strain, only about one-eighth
'. ~
in Table 1.2.
". ..
-15-
12.2.' 0,160
)t'
where A and cry are the areas and yield stresses of the com-
ponent plates and L indicates the-ir summat ion.
-18-
16.00 J(1.007 ,
29.4k~i, ", . [~Acry] a - [LA cry] b = 0
12,'(9. x 0,'769.
,3S6'ksi
r NA' ,.
F,
50 x 0.507
'
"'4.9 KsJ
,474 + 362 + 17.69Y~ - (885 +
17.69Ya} -355 -474 = 0 '
l2 .19 x Oa774
37~G ksi .
. IG~OO ~ 1,007 Ya = 24.8 in .
29. 4.-.kS i .
Mp =2:: (Acry)yp
= 474 x26~07 +' 362 x 2$.19 + ~39 x 12.4 +
446 x' 12.6 + 355 x 25059 + 474 x 26.4~
M~ = 54,lOO'~-ih
= cryw
J(2,5x/2I)2 + 3(Qj2It)Z'
x being the distance from the end of the girder span to the
critical cross section. If yielding does not begin at the
aforementioned point, the bending or shear case discussed
before applies.
sketched on next page is the basis for evaluat ing MPs' (Ref'. 272).
It will be assumed that the flanges have fully yielded,
...........
--22-
~
----r--+------t-. -I-T " "
~o'-i
~f-i
th,ere,by 'pI'o~1d,:tng the .'flange moment" Nr,' and' that a con-
stant normal stress' (j is present ,.,over the web accotrl:panied,
by the eonst~nt ~hearlng.,stres~~. From the sketoh, the
modified moment is : Mps. = Mi' + a~b ~.~. An expression
for ais obtained from the yield criterion ayw = la 2 + 3~2~
V Mpa
where 't = b,t = btx.. Substi tut1ng the value of C1 in tl;le,
.first equation gives Mps ;:: Mf + ~ tb 2 :J a.;w- 3 (Mps /btX)2'
After solving for Mps and.observing that Mps = Pp x/2,
Pp = xa2 -L Mf + jaM
'w 2 -(a-l)Mr
2
7
J
where . the constant a = 1 + -ft(~) 2, and Mw is the portion
of the full plastic' momen,t M,p cont~ibuted by the web,
the ~langes.
= k ----
rr E2
-I
12(1-,,2)
.
/32
where 0cri and ~cri are the ideal critical normal and shearing
2
1I E
stresses, respectively. The ractor is a qonstant
12 (1- \12 )
dependent only on the material properties,'.that is, the
2
1I E
The constant, l2(1-v 2 )' for steel plates is equal to
26,750 ksi.
Web panels are considered pin ended on all sides.
The proportional limit 'of the web material is taken as
a.8o y If the ideal critical stress 0cri is less than
I
lation tha.t ocr = MerY/I, where Mcr = P crx/2, see Fig. 1.1.
girders of the combined group whose axes were all less than
1/2" away from the centerline of the web. After reducing
the ideal stress for inelastic action, if necessary, .t~e
as 0cri = 65.2 ksi and ~cri = 15.8 ksi. The stress at the
compressive edge of the web is a = MY = P.125 25 = O.0394p
I 2.39,620
~s~ , and the average shearing stress over the section is
't' = A:!- = 2.25.3
P = 0.0198P [}rs~.
Substituting these values
w
into the equation for the combined crfuical stress,
Since Over! /' O.8 oy ,the reduction for the inelastic range
sl?plies. as follows ~
In Table 1.8 and 1.9 are surrnnarized the. or! tical stresses
and lo~ds for all girders., The bend1ngand shear groups
never exceed the elastic limit and thus 0cr1 = ocr and
1.7 Deflections
v = ~
J EI dx + J Vv dx
GA w
The units for all quantities and dimensions are kips and
inches.
k ,"150-
" ,
'w Loading
~ , '33J~ ~~ ~~
540"
A,rn
Ae
~
~~ m~diagram
+P .. '
V-diagram
+1/2 .1 v~.diagram.
1
V~ - J: dx + .. J~~w dx .
. :::: 2
150
o "
EI e
.
J<PX) (xL2)dX +
. <
J 183'
(150P) (xL2) dx
150
EI e
. .
270'" 150'
+ J(150~i(x!2)
183 . m...
dx +
~
r<Pl~~!2)
= 2xl0.3 [562.~P
. EIe
+ 412.1P + 141 8p + O.0750P
EI,6 EI'
m . Aw'G
j
, ;
. V
t = p[64.97/Ie.+ 98. 53/Iiri+ O.OI3 01/Ae] (a)
-31-
, .
and shear componen'ts o;r the total deflection are listed,
together with the equation that is applied to determine
them. The centerline deflection 18 given for the bending
and combined groups while the end deflection is' listed for
the shear girders. As ~ m~tter of interest, the percentage
of the shear contribution to the total deflection is in-
cluded. All deflections are eva~uated for ~ = 100 kips.
, --33-
. I
.'. '1,
H
be
~
S ....:: ~~ stiffener Location of Failure ~
Q).' . tM
."0
tI) -n .. "d ',", " Spacing: C1 . 'arid Reinforcements
'rrj . ' rn 4-). "':~ tJi
H. . 'g;t o 0, t) ~Q) 01 '.Tl " ,T2' Tl ' " 'T2
.,....,., 0,
o 'H
~ .Q)
t.,) rJ)"
Q)" rl (I)
:;: tf) . f=I . T3 T4'," T3 " .,T4
~
(J)
.
III 185 1'.5 0.75 rrr:::J m=J
G4 <D
H
~,
P-t
II 388 1.50 0.7,5 ITO r:tD
05 III 388 1.,,50 0.75 ITCJ ITO
G6 I'I 259 .
'1.50' 0.75 ~J !ZIJII] I.
~
H ',I
ai 0.50 ~ I, I
<D
,d
CIl
ITJZJ
~
TABLE 1.3
Summary of r-1a.terial Properties (Gl to G7) .
Thick- Specif'i- Heat Slab C Mh P S CJy _ (Jult El~ng CJyst o-ult Elong Ared 0;
Location ness Coupon cation No. No. % ::t
.r~ % "% ,(ksi) (ks i) 15/
/0 (ksi) (ksi) % % (ksi).
,.
.,
B attorn Gl CP 9 40572 - . 40.2 65.8 30.0 35.8 61.8 33.5 '63.9 127.9_
Top G2 CP 17 40569 420 66.4 29.0 38.6 63.7 27.1 61'.9 120.7
([) Top G4 OF 27 r-I
r- 40511 40.5 66.4 30.0 37.6 63.8 31.5 60.9 125.3
co B attom G3 3/4n OF 40 C\I
~
40569 .17 .70 .016 .026 42.0 - 66.4 29.0 38.1 63.7 32.1 61.1 125.9
B attorn G5 . c'p 51 ....0 40570 404 65.1 30.0 '37.0 63.0 "32.6 61 . .5 123.3
~ Top G6 CF 54 0::>
40561' h1.9 66 .. 0 30.0 37.9" 63.8 31.4- .59.0 121.4
cd Top G7 Op 62 -..
40568 41.7 65.8 29.0 37.0 63 . 1 31.6 . 59.6 '122.3
M ~
fx.t Top Gl
7/16: T CF 7 >-I
87K270 40833 .22 .59 .011 .029 40.8 66.5 29.0 3.5.2 6~ .5 28.2 59.4 -
Top Gl CF 8 "r""I
0)
35.5 62.2 30.0 58.-1 -
~
Top Cov. G6 CF 53 33.6 60.8 29.3 61.5
Top Cov. G7 1/2" CP 63 E-t
....0
0
0
. 87K254 ,(4859) .22 .59' .008 .023 38.1 63.2 29.0 33.3 60.1 31~e 62.4
129.2
- W
I
'U'\ ...::t
~
0
G2 CP 12 I.
CV'\ ~
40671 40.5 66.3 29.0 35.4 63.2 29.9 59.4 - \Jl..
...-i G2 1/2 fT CP 12A r- ed 4067l 40.5 66.3 29.0 343 62.7 24.0. 51.6 - I
~
0
G3 OP 35 ('1"'\
"d
0
r- 41200 40.2 67.8 26.0 37.3 67.4 2E.7 60 .. 0 137.0
~ {\J .22 .59 .Oll .029
~
Q)
t1 G1 OF 2 E-i
rt.1 ..-f
~
r- 39809 40.9 67.7 28.0 41 69.2 249 51.4 -
'"0
~
~
Gl
G4
3/8" CP
OF 22
2A ctS co 39809
398.08
40.9
42.,0
67.7 28.0
67.6 29.0
424 68.4 21.8 32.0'
40.0 67.0 28.2 63.3 105.6'
-
'0'"
Q)
.I"'i
G1 CP "3 ~ 32.9 55.8 35.1 62.2 -
.D' G1 1/4,i CP~ 3A ..,..;
"d 84K24l > 53268 .13 ,.49 .009 .026 39.1 60.9 28.0 33.0 54.4 346 58.2 . -
tD
Q
G2 CF 13 0
:E:
...-
35.3 60.0 31.1 63.3 -
~
. 0
0
...-i
~
G6
G6 3/16"
OF
OF 57A
57
59K346 83483 .22 .50 .008 .020
40.7
40.7
64.5
64.5
23.5
23.5
-
36.8~
62.4
63.3
28.6
30.0
53.5
49.3
112.0
108.2
Q)
et.l
G7 CP 66 40.8 66.3 24.5 - 36.6 64.2 28.4 52.7 113.4
~
tr.I G:4 CF 23 40.6 62.9 28.5 43.5 60.7 284 .51.4 104.7
CD G4 OF 236 ASTM-A 40.6 62.9 28.5 43.2 60.9 25.4 63.3 -133.3
8
GS 1/8 l1 CP 47 245-57T 9%198 - .18 .82 .010 ~022 40.2, 62.3 26.0 46.6 62.'8 27.1 59.9 129.9
G5 CP 47B 40.2 62.3 26.0 44.. 8 63.5 24.2 ,57.9 126.8-
A-53
r-f
Jii 8" pipe G3 O.322 n CF 3i Grada.p!- - - - - .017 - 40.2 60.4 42.5 35.5' (,51.5) - - -
~
B refers to additional coup-on taken next to the original one, e. g., qP 23 and GP 238
"
...::.
'.
TAB IE . 1.4
Summary of -Material Properties (continued)
0:.
Thick- Speciri- Heat Slab C Mn P S y (j'ult Elong O"'yst O'~lt Elong Ared (Jr
Location Coupon
ness cation No. .No. % % % d1
/0 ksi ks1 % ksi ksi % % ksi
< as
+t
1771 .16 .65 .011 .031 38.7 63.0 29.0
-
29.6
61.5 31.0 57.9 113.2
60.9 32.0 62.1 119.7
lit Bot.Cov. El CP E4 :z."'C 30.0 62.2 30.2 60.0 121.6 I
E-I CD W
3/4 ft
(/) E
<C ..... 0'
Top G8 CPEG3 as C'l""\
0'
U\
r-f
40.2 76.1 27.0 . 49.3 123.1 I
Top G8 CPEG4 .... r-i
-~ 42.4 76.7 24.5 53.7 132.2
Top G9 .GP EG9 -0
CD
~
co 0'
.26 -70 .022 .027 45.1 75.5 22.0 42.1 76.3 22.6 53.5 131.2
Top ;_ G9 CP EGIO ...... r- eo
t"f"\- 41.5 76.6- 25.9 51.5 128.8 'n
It-I
.....
G8 CP EGI
--0
0
(\J
C"'\ - '"
r-f . 37.9 57.8 28.1. 58.4 --
~
:E: t"'"\
G8 3/16 lf CP EGiA ~
en 0'
.13 .52 .008 .028 39'.5 56.7 32.0 384 58.0 28.8 42.2
.0 . . G8 CP EG2 " r- a:>
C"'\
38.4 57.4 294 62.3 -
(D 8
- roo
;;: G9- CP EG7 U\ -=:t ,l.-::j- 43.8 58.0 23.1 48.8 -
G9
1/8"
CP EG7A -:E:
E-il.r\~
fa> C'l""\
C"'\
ON
1.J\~._
.
,.18 '-49 ,.-011 .0}2 39.6
42.6 '-57.1 21.7 47.2 - ~
G9 . CP EGB rJ]~
<C\I H
cd ~
-::t
I 0'
~("\'"\ .
- 56.7 29.0 47.5 59.2 25.0 45.1 -
G9 CP EG8A _<0 0' 44.1 59.2 27.3 47.4 -
--
Note: A refers to coupon tak~n -m transverse direct-ion
B re:rers to- ~<ldit1onal~oupontakeIl:-next to the -original one~ e-.g., CP E2 and_ CP E23
'"
Table 1.5
G6 II 37.9 36.7
G7 II 37.6 36.7
El IV 35.4 35 . 8 41.7
E2 V 38.6 37.6 34-9
E4 VI 37.6 37.0 40.0
,
Cover Plates
{PL A: 30.1., PL c: 29.4
PL B': 29.8, PL D: 33.5
, - .38~
Table 1.6'
. , .
'SUmmary of M9m~nts of Inertia "and Se'c.tion Mo'ciuli
, '
,EQd $p~~ .
T. e ,s. 't, S e c t 1 0 n sect." Sect.
G;l.rder : '1m
. 1'n+
Sa "
..
-39-
. Tab'le 1 .. 7
Tl 880 905
E4 T2 '39,100 43,000 48,600 658 691
T3 639 666
Tl 248 367
E5 16,500 18,600 27,500
T2 ..... 358 386
. Bending Girders
Tl 1.50
G2 185 23 .. 9 18.7 741 .
, T2 0.75
Tl 1.50
G3 185 23.9 18.7 82.1
T2 0.75
TI' 1.50
G4 388 23.9" 425 15.3 0
T2 0.75
Tl 1.$0,
G5 388 23.9 4,,25' 17.0
T2 0.75
Shear Girders
Girder Te,st a (3 ,k 't" c'r Per
Tl 1.50 7.12 2.84 27.4
G6 T2 . ,0,.75 259 13.5 5.38 51.9
T3 0.50 2,54 10.1 97.6
Tl 1.00
G7 255 9.34 '3.84 37.6
T2 1.00
Table 1.9
Test
Ben~ing . Shear I Combined
Girder ~ (3 I k O'cri k (Jeri, .o-vcri .<rver Per
ksi ks i 1 ksi ks-i I kips
E2
Tl 3.00 5.79 15.8 37.5 29.8 570
T2 1.59 99 23.9 65.2 " 7 .12 19.4- 44.1 --JO.4 584 1
+:-
.....
1
Tl _.1.50 7'.12 11.6 21~3 21.3 445
~4 "T2 '0.75 128 -23.9' 39-.0 13.5 22. 0 38.5' ' 33.4 513
T3, 0.50 25.4 41.4- 46.9 34.5 517
E5
Tl 0.36
128 23.9 39.0
-- 39'.0 33.-4 - 314
'T2 ,0.75 13.5 22.0 38.-.8 33.4 322
Table 1.10
Summary of GirdC?r Deflect,ions
'(in inches and under nominal lo~d P=lOO kips)
E2 0)
(e) 0.056 0.026 l 0.082 31,.7
..J..)
ta
E4 (1) (e) O.O~4 0.033 , 0.097 340
E-i
E5 r-I
r-f
( e,) .0.127 0.033 0.160 20.6
<
G8 (e) 0.163 0.066 0.229 28 .. 8
G9 .( e) 0.172 0.099 0.271 36.5
!~ Section
Test 1
I y+
,----
4~2U i
-*-- : r;---~~.........L~~U-il
h
6 -jt= 12'-6,,-J 3'-9"~6-3,l6~3J3~9,L 12'-6'Y~6" IO:'~ 3'-9'1-6'-3"+- 6'-3'~3~* Id-O'~~6"
t-- - , 45-0"-----~ I.. - - - 40'-Cf' - J
. . j . . 1
, 1
V= P
SHEARJV SHEAR, V
I I
MOMENT,M MOMENT,M
J - . I
~ JI
~-Mmax:=P-120
h Mmolt.=P150"
-Fig. l.l~ Test Setup of Bend-ing Girders Fig. I. 2;: Te-st Setup or Shear Girders'
r- 2c
-j -j 2c G _ 0.328 --L
8'~8a
'p .d
f ~f-
1jtl d
.
tl--- -
.
~1 Iat= I ! b=50" )I
'V:-O.5P
ftA
~c
ItS
MOMENT,M"
I
b=50"
f t
IV V
tl
b=50" VI. I b=50"
LM =
max_ P7S
H
L EI
~.A
12.8
2
-l
-c
1
IlC
E4
..
---1
E.A
F"ig. l.>~ Test St?tup o:f G~iptlerEf':'Under F1 ig o 1.Lr' Gi~der Cross Sections
Cornl:;lnec1 IJ{)ading
Average
Thickness 0.431 OA31 0.430 0.425. O~425 O~424 0.427
Girder GI
~I
0.264 O~267 0.271 . ,O~270 O~268
en
U1
Q)
c: Test Web
50 ~ 04268 0.271 O~275 O~274 O~272 r O.270in
:c JtSOxlj4
1-
0.274 .rzz: w 0.274 (' 0.277 1Z2 U ????? ??22ZiJ- O~277 0.276
~
CP3 'CP4
0.277 0.277 0.278 0.278 0.276
'....
~ ,
/" J 46,250 }
_~Il Dynamic'f.F? 46,250 46,2001b
Thickness Width 46.5-45.8
0.769 1.500 Static Y. P. :~:~~~ }43,4001b
0.770 1.500
0.767 1.500 Ult. Lood . 73,500lb
0.769 1.500
Rupture Load ,56,4001b
0.768 1.500
0.769 1.500 Reduced Area . ~ . ~.. O.450j~
0.768 1.499
Elong. Gage Length. ',' 10,49 in
1 0.770
0.771
1.499
1.499
5"
Ultimate Stress u -- ~-
(j,
1.152 - 638k
S I'
Elongation E= I0.4~9~98'IOO=31.5%
Rupture 'Stress
.:n
\C
en
.....
""
-t
::0
!?:
z
-<
"'U
n c:
~ 2_
.....
V'l II
-+
.... 0
CD
..,.
&It 0
I 0
Vl ~
..,
-+
3-
~.
::s
O
"s-
..,I::
<
CD
o due to loCOI
J . .t
.~
jP
, o
30 Average Thickness = 0.323 in.
zoor! i
Average Diameter : 842 in.
2~
Cross Sect- Area, A = 8.56 in2
Yield Load Py ;:: 300 kips
I j
Yield Stress ay = 35.5k.s.i.
o
=~h ~=~A
100 .I
10 0.310
0.32"3
-tp
01 or li" i
i
j iii
1
i i i
[ .
0.5
i
I I
I
I
I
I
I
i i i
I
1.0
i I i
i i i i
i
15in
8
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 ~~lo3