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Abstract - Large quantities of CO2 are released into the minimum flexural strength of 3.80 N/mm2. Finally the
atmosphere in the production of cement. The CO2 study shows that 15% partial replacement of cement by
production increases the hazard of global warming which spent catalyst with addition of 0.20% steel fibers with an
has forced the researchers to find materials which can aspect ratio of 60 produce satisfactory results.
partially or fully replace cement. Industrial by-products Keywords- Spent catalyst, Steel fiber, Concrete, strength,
like fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Steel fiber, Cementitious materials.
Silica fume, Rice husk Ash are tried as partial cement
replacement materials by virtue of their possessing I. INTRODUCTION
pozzalonic action when they come in contact with water 1.1 Supplementary Cementitious Materials
in concrete. Hence these industrial by-products are Fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS),
termed as Supplementary Cementitious Materials silica fume, Rice bush ash and Natural pozzolonic are
[SCM].Spent catalyst is one such industrial by-product of Supplementary cementitious Material. Supplementary
Oman from Petroleum Refineries produced from the cementitious materials are waste materials that are
cracking of petroleum to reduce the sulphur content and produced from various. Many efforts were made to use
to enhance the combustion properties of the oil. To the Supplementary cementitious Materials as cement
improve the tensile strength of concrete, discontinuous replacement or partial cement replacement materials in
discrete fibres are added to cement matrix and are termed order to minimize its disposal and reduce the pollution
as Fiber Reinforced Concrete. In this project an attempt generated by cement production process.
has been taken up to carry out an experimental Fly ash: The fly ash is an industrial by-product obtained
investigation to study the effect of addition of spent by burning coal in thermal power stations. Moreover, the
catalyst and steel fibers on the characteristic strength fly ash is non-combustible particles that are collected
properties of concrete. 15% by weight cement is replaced from the flue gases. Furthermore, proper percentage of fly
by spent catalyst as partial replacement of cement and ash to be implemented in concrete is determined based on
steel fibers of aspect ratio 60 are added at 0.2%, 0.3% the performance required, sources and composition of fly
and 0.4% by volume of concrete. C30 grade reference ash. The Fly ash of F class is produced from bituminous
concrete mix was cast for strength comparison. 150 mm x coal or burning anthracite and it generally has low content
150 mm x 150mm size cube moulds, 150 mm diameter of calcium. The class-C fly ash is formed by burning
and 300mm height cylindrical specimens and 500 mm x subbituminous coal and it has pozzalonic properties
100 mm x 100mm beam specimens were cast and tested to (Samara, M., 2013).
find the characteristic strength properties of all the Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag: GGBS is by-
concrete mixes cast. The experimental results show that product material and it is generated when the iron ore
the concrete mix M3 containing 15% partial replacement converted to pig iron. Immediately, the liquid slag is
of cement by spent catalyst and 0.20% steel fibers with an cooled in water and form granules. The obtained granules
aspect ratio of 60 shows maximum compressive stress of are ground to achieve smaller particles.
42.05N/mm2, maximum split tensile strength of 5.25 Silica fume: This material is a by-product of ferrosilicon
N/mm2 and maximum flexural strength of values of 4.20 metal or silicon manufacture (in other words, clay or
N/mm2. The test results also show that the concrete mix shale heated and ground after being cooled rabidly) and it
M5 containing 15% partial replacement of cement by is a highly reactive pozzalonic substance. The arc
spent catalyst and 0.40% steel fibers with an aspect ratio furnaces produce flue gases and the silica fume is
of 60 shows minimum compressive stress of 38.10 N/mm2, collected. The silica fume particles size is very small and
minimum split tensile strength of 4.76 N/mm2 and the average size of cement grains is about 100 times
Averag
e
Concre
Fine Coar flexural
te Spent Steel
Ceme Agg se Strengt
Mix Catal fibre
nt rega Aggr h
Designa yst s
te egate Test
te-on
results
Fig. 4: Graphical representation of Compressive strength
N/mm2
test results of concrete mixes M1 to M5
100 ----
M1 100% ---- 100% 3.73
%
Table 5 shows the 28 days split tensile strength to
100 ----
concrete results and also graphically represented in Fig.5. M2 85% 15% 100% 4.13
%
Table.4: Split tensile strength test results of concrete
mixes M1 to M5 100 0.2
M3 85% 15% 100% 4.20
% %
Concret Ceme Spent Fine Coars Stee Aver
e nt Cataly Agg e l age 100 0.3
M4 85% 15% 100% 4.0
Mix st r- Aggr fibre Split % %
Design egat eg- s tensil 100 0.4
M5 85% 15% 100% 3.80
ati-on e ate e % %
Stren .
gth 4.4
N/m
4.2
m2
M1 100% ---- 100 100% ---- 4
4.5
% Flexural Strength
3.8
M2 85% 15% 100 100% ---- N/mm
5.16
% 3.6
M3 85% 15% 100 100% 0.2
5.25 3.4
% %
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
M4 85% 15% 100 100% 0.3
5.00
% % Fig. 6: Graphical representation of flexural strength test
M5 85% 15% 100 100% 0.4 results of concrete mixes M1 to M5
4.76
% %
V. DISCUSSION
The experimental results show that the concrete mix M3
5.4
containing 15% partial replacement of cement by spent
5.2
catalyst and 0.20% steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 60
5
shows maximum compressive stress of 42.05N/mm2,
4.8
maximum split tensile strength of 5.25 N/mm2 and
4.6 Split Tensile maximum flexural strength of 4.20 N/mm2. The test
4.4 Strength in
results also show that the concrete mix M5 containing
4.2 N/mm
15% partial replacement of cement by spent catalyst and
4 0.40% steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 60 shows
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 minimum compressive stress of 38.10 N/mm2, minimum
Fig. 5: Graphical representation of split tensile strength split tensile strength of 4.76 N/mm2 and minimum
test results of concrete mixes M1 to M5 flexural strength of 3.80 N/mm2. Finally the study show
that 15% partial replacement of cement by spent catalyst
with addition of 0.20% steel fibers with an aspect ratio of
60 produce satisfactory results. The strength properties of