Modern Automobile Safety

Systems
 Alertness monitoring system
Around 20% of all road accidents are
fatigue-related, up to 50% on certain
roads
Some of the current systems learn driver
patterns and can detect when a driver is
becoming drowsy.
1. Steering pattern monitoring
2. Vehicle position in lane monitoring
3. Driver eye/face monitoring
4. Physiological measurement
 Eye closure and blinks characteristic
parameters

Eyelid motion and blink process are considered

as some of the most pertinent non-intrusive
indicators for the analysis of drowsiness.
a closing phase (the eyelid goes down)
a closed phase (the eye is shut)
an opening phase (the eyelid goes up)
 Short blink: 120 250 ms
Long blink: >300 ms
Tired or drowsy blinks: >600 ms
Indirect measures of drowsiness

Assessed unobtrusively by using sensors at

the steering wheel, pedals or information
about vehicle state and environmental
conditions without disturbing the driver in
his/her primary driving task.
Longitudinal control:

Driving performance measure: speed (mean

and variability) and distance control (distance
to lead vehicle)
Driver activity measure: pedal activity (drivers
use of pedals)
Lateral control:
Driving performance measure: lane keeping
performance (standard deviation of the lateral
position, time to line crossing, number of lane
crossings, mean lateral position, mean yaw
rate)
Driver activity measure: steering behavior
(magnitude and frequency of steering
activity), steering variability, slow and fast
steering corrections
Audi: Rest recommendation system
BMW: Active Driving Assistant
Ford: Driver Alert
Nissan: Driver Attention Alert (DAA)
Bosch: "Driver drowsiness detection
Volkswagen: Fatigue detection system
Volvo Cars: Driver Alert Control
Case study 2017 Lexus LS
 Driver Attention Monitor, is a vehicle safety
system first introduced by Toyota in 2006 for
its Lexus latest models. It was first offered on
the GS 450h. The system's co-operate with the
Pre-collision System (PCS).
The system uses infrared sensors to monitor
driver attentiveness. Specifically, the Driver
Monitoring System includes a CCD camera
placed on the steering column which is
capable of eye tracking
 The Driver attention monitor is equipping
Lexus models from 2006:
1. 2006 Lexus GS 450h
2. Lexus LS 460
3. 2007 Lexus LS 600h
4. 2010 Lexus HS 250h
5. 2008 Toyota Crown Hybrid
 The system is based around a camera that
watches the driver's upper and lower eye lids to
evaluate how attentive he or she is to the road
ahead. It builds on a current system that
measures the driver's head direction when
driving.
The car's safety system continuously monitors the
road ahead using a radar system, and if it
determines a crash may be possible, it matches
this with the driver evaluation gathered from the
camera. If the driver doesn't appear to be paying
attention it sounds a buzzer and warning light.
 If things progress and a crash becomes
probable then it also tries to gain attention of
the driver by quickly applying and releasing
the brakes. At this point the car's pre-crash
brake assist system is also readied. When a
crash is judged to be unavoidable the safety
system engages the brakes and seatbelts for
the collision.
 References

http://www.lexus.com/models/LS/safety

Paper on General driver monitoring module

definition by S Boverie