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This document outlines the procedure for determining the molecular weight of a substance using the vapor density method. Key steps include:
1. Measuring the temperature, pressure, and relative humidity in the lab.
2. Heating a volumetric flask containing the substance to just below its boiling point and recording the temperature over time to determine the boiling point.
3. Weighing the flask before and after to determine the mass of vaporized substance.
4. Using the ideal gas law to calculate the molecular weight from the measured values for mass, volume, temperature and pressure.
Uncertainties in the measurement instruments are also listed to guide the error analysis calculations. Sample substances acetone or methanol
Descrizione originale:
Guide on Molecular Weight Computation for Volatile Liquids
This document outlines the procedure for determining the molecular weight of a substance using the vapor density method. Key steps include:
1. Measuring the temperature, pressure, and relative humidity in the lab.
2. Heating a volumetric flask containing the substance to just below its boiling point and recording the temperature over time to determine the boiling point.
3. Weighing the flask before and after to determine the mass of vaporized substance.
4. Using the ideal gas law to calculate the molecular weight from the measured values for mass, volume, temperature and pressure.
Uncertainties in the measurement instruments are also listed to guide the error analysis calculations. Sample substances acetone or methanol
This document outlines the procedure for determining the molecular weight of a substance using the vapor density method. Key steps include:
1. Measuring the temperature, pressure, and relative humidity in the lab.
2. Heating a volumetric flask containing the substance to just below its boiling point and recording the temperature over time to determine the boiling point.
3. Weighing the flask before and after to determine the mass of vaporized substance.
4. Using the ideal gas law to calculate the molecular weight from the measured values for mass, volume, temperature and pressure.
Uncertainties in the measurement instruments are also listed to guide the error analysis calculations. Sample substances acetone or methanol
Molecular Weight Determination by Vapor Density Method 1. Tr Tr in K
2. Tinf Tinf in K from raw data Vapor Density Method method used to determine the MW of a 3. Pc Pc in mmHg substance when a substance is vaporized to fill a known volume of a container at a given temperature and pressure ( PC = PB 1 - 1.8x10-4 Tr $) 4. V V in mL or L 3 Methods of MW determination m 1. Dumas Bulb Method V = w (at Rm T); mw = mf + w - mf (RmT) rw 2. Victor-Meyer Method 3. TMVD (Temperature-Monitored Vapor Density) Method 5. xw xw P Pw x w = w since RH = * mRT PC Pw M= $ PV P* x w = w (RH) such that Pw * = VPw at Rm T (saturated) Procedure PC 1. Measure room temperature, Tr use thermometer on the wall lRH lPC 2. Provide barometric pressure, Pb use dial lx w = x w + $ RH PC Convert Pb to mm Hg Calculate for corrected pressure, Pc 6. xN xN and xO xO P = 0.5 mm Hg xN = 0.79(1 - xw) and xO = 0.21(1 - xw) 3. Measure relative humidity, %RH use dial 7. Mma Mma in g/mol 4. Place pre-weighed volumetric flask, mf (at rm t) in the bath M ma = x i Mi where i = {N2, O2 and H2O} 5. Heat bath up to 10o below boiling point of sample $ lM ma = lx i Mi 6. Dry flask and weigh, mpwf = mf 7. Add sample to flask and put flask in bath 8. mma mma in g 8. Heat bath up to 5o below boiling point of sample M P V m ma = ma C (converters) 9. Read temperarture in 10-second intervals up to 2o above boiling RTr point of sample 9. mv mv in g assumption if there is vapor, there is no moist air For thermocouple T = 0.2oC mv = mf+v mphf + mma 10. Plot temperature vs. time and determine inflection point (ideally 10. Mv Mv in g/mol the Tb of sample) $ m RT 11. Dry and weigh the flask, mv+f M v = v inf (converters) 12. Clean flask and fill completely with water at room temperature, PCV Vw = Vf = Vv 11. Average and % error 13. Weigh flask with water, mf+w Reminders 1. Sample: Acetone or Methanol (BP = 56.5oC or 66oC) 2. Group 1 Trial 1, Group 2 Trial 2 3. Uncertainties of instruments Barometer = 0.1 mm Hg Thermometer = 0.5oC Thermocouple 0.2oC Balance = %RH = 1% Check whether the uncertainties given above are correct 4. For exercise 2 Samples: 1- and 2-propanol Literature values: Heats of vaporization of samples