Mpu2312 CCV Lecture Notes Sept 16

CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS AND
VOLUNTEERISM
LECTURE NOTES
MPU-2312 CCV LECTURE NOTES (Updated Sept 2016)
CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW AND CIVIC CONCEPTIONS
1. Definition
Civic in relation to a citizen, a city, citizenship, or community affairs
Citizenship the legal status and political status; involving the public life and
affairs.
the relationship between the individual and the community, state, or
nation
Civic Awareness of ones legal and political status in the country

consciousness Awareness about his relationship with the community, state, or
nation.
Awareness of ones civic role in society
2. Civic consciousness in a broad sense:
The initiative knowledge Should seize the opportunity to find out information on the
of the relationship relationship among the society or country.
between individuals and Actively search to keep ourselves informed about our
the state / country or citizenship.
society Do not shut ourselves off from the world by remaining in the
cocoon of our own existence.
Active learner update ourselves with the current issues or
affairs of the country and world.
The rational cognition of Rational understanding concerning:

citizenship, civic rights, our relationship with the community, state, or nation
civic liabilities and civic (citizenship)
virtues what we can do or entitled to do (civic rights)
what we shouldnt do by law (civic liabilities).
virtues that we should adopt for the sake of nation building
The internalization and Need to make social values as our own values.
identification of the social Conflicts occur when our own personal values stand in
behavioral norms and contrast to the social values, the values upheld by the society
basic values.
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3. Factors for the lack of civic consciousness
Overshadowed by a - Students: too busy with academic pursuits

million other tasks - Working adults: hectic lifestyles, juggling between work and
family life.
Do not fully understand - Do not realise the importance of such information

the government and the - Find such information boring and unrelated to their daily
processes it implements. lives.
No interest in the - Prefer to focus on present issues

historical facts of the - Do not realise that past events have shaped the country to be
country. where it is today.
4. Malaysian awareness
Political perspective Social perspective
Since General Election in 2008, Increased awareness on charity and

there has been an increased volunteerism.
awareness among Malaysians on Decline in family integration
their need to exercise their right to steady increase in the number of
vote. divorces recorded in Malaysia.
General Election 2013 the Lack of civic awareness about the
highest percentage of voters coming well-being of society I dont care
out to cast their votes, which was attitude:
84.84% of the total registered voters Crime rates has reached a worrying
However, in a research study on level in the country.
Malaysian youths, not many are Lack civic awareness in the use of
truly interested in Malaysian politics public amenities: public toilets, LRT
stations etc.
Irresponsible littering among
Malaysians: comments about this bad
habit in a travel forum.
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5. Self-Building Mind, Soul and Body
Mind General definition:
The faculty of consciousness.

Sigmund Freud divided the mind into two main parts:
a) The conscious mind
Includes everything that we are aware of and remember.
The part where we think and talk rationally.
b) The unconscious mind
A reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that is
outside of our conscious awareness.
continues to influence our behavior and experience
According to religion:
The Quran = It is the heart or mind that sees.

The Bible = For as he thinks in his heart, so is he.
Dhammapada (ancient Buddhist scripture), = "Our life is shaped
by our mind; we become what we think."
In the context of civic consciousness:
The mind = the faculty where the awareness is to take place.

For civic consciousness to be strong enough to create a positive
change in a person:
(a) this consciousness has to reach the level of the unconscious mind
(b) the altruistic act of a civic-conscious person is spontaneous, and
not an act that carried out by the person after reminding himself to
do so.
Ways to cultivate the right mind-set of civic consciousness:
Do your homework nourish the brain with a nutritious mix of

newspapers, books and blogs. Strive to develop a broad knowledge
base of the situation that you have encountered.
Be observant keep your eyes and ears open at all times so that
you dont miss a key detail or opportunity.
Remain open-minded do not be too attached to a particular idea.
Stay receptive to whatever the universe throws your way.
Know yourself knowing who you are, what you care about and
what you are good at are essential to finding a cause to do good.
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Soul General definition:
The incorporeal and immortal essence of a person, living thing, or

object
the part that is capable of union with the divine.
seeks spirituality and the unseen things
Believes in:-
(a)
a Higher Supreme Being who reigns or rule.
(b)
a Higher Good: good will overcome evil.
Civic consciousness:
the spiritual part of a person in the soul motivates a person to do
good unto others
The motivating factor is the belief in a Higher Good.
Body General definition:
The physical structure of a person, including the bones, flesh, and

organs.
The physical existence of man.
The practical yet limited expression of a man. The body decides
our limits
The body is the part that:

takes action
translates civic consciousness into civic responsibility.
makes things happen that makes civic responsibility a reality for
all.
6. Civic awareness begins from self-building :

We can only start to look out for others if we know how to look after our own well-being.
Therefore, we need to:
a) renew the mind daily with the energy of positive thinking
b) enrich the soul with spirituality
do not give up easily when we encounter setbacks
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7. The National Identity:
Definition According to Harvard Professor, Rupert Emerson says:
A nation is a community of people who:

feel that they belong together.
share a common heritage.
have a common future
The lack of this sense of belonging will lead to the lack of civic
consciousness.
Bangsa Malaysia Bangsa Malaysia refers to a community of Malaysians who are able
to:
a) identify themselves with the country
b) speak Bahasa Malaysia
c) accept the Constitution.
The ways to Integrated Approach

establish the
national identity Malaysians approach = a rojak pot approach or integration
approach
The various ingredients in a rojak pot are mixed together but do
no lose their individual characteristics.
Malays, Chinese and Indians are integrated into a common society
but the various races still preserve their distinctive cultural
identities.
The sum total a new and better entity.
The Sharing of Cultural Diversity

In the celebration of their respective festivals and food.
The practice of open house during the festive seasons - friends,
families and even strangers would visit the homes of those who are
celebrating the festival, to wish them well and enjoy the feast
prepared by their hosts.
The mamak stall regardless of skin colour, Malaysians could
sit together at the mamak stall to enjoy their cup of teh tarik, mee
goreng or roti canai.
Practise Civic Consciousness towards other races

Race, language and religion are still sensitive issues in Malaysia
that need to be addressed in an open, sensible and mature manner.
Should not say things that are offensive to other races or trespass
the rights of other races.
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Unity under the When Malaysians are united under the national identity, they will
National Identity manifest the following characteristics:
more willing to do things in the interest of the nation (civic
responsibility)
feel proud of what the nation has been through
feel a sense of belonging to the country.
8. The Government
Definition A group of people that governs a community.

According to Ezra Taft Benson (1968), a proper government
should look after the good and safety of the society
The government leads by showing an example of how the
people should care for their countrymen.
The Malaysian Malaysia is a parliamentary democracy with a federal

Government constitutional monarchy.
National policies to promote the welfare of the people:
a) Poverty eradication
b) Educational reforms
c) Economic transformation
However, there have been political turmoils in recent years

over various issues in the country
The hope of The elected government will lead by way example

Malaysians towards The nation will reach higher scale of prosperity
the government Achieve success not only in mere material attainments but
also in the reinforcement of core values that will continue to
unite and preserve us as a nation.
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CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPING CONSCIOUSNESS TOWARDS

MY OWN POTENTIAL
What is personal potential?

The activities and tasks we can excel at
The person we can become
What it is possible for us to achieve
A. Beginning from the Man in the Mirror: Evaluating own Strengths and Weaknesses
1. In the song Man in the Mirror popularized by former pop idol, Michael Jackson, there
was a calling that we initiate changes for the better by firstly looking at the man in the
mirror. It means that we need to first change ourselves to be better persons before we can
bring positive changes to the world.
The following is an excerpt of the lyrics of the song:
I'm starting with the man in the mirror,

I'm asking him to change his ways
Better change!
No message could have been any clearer
If you want to make the world a better place
Take a look at yourself and then make the change
2. To improve ourselves for the betterment of others, we need to look at ourselves, the man
in the mirror, and honestly evaluate our own strengths and weaknesses.
3. A simple way to do this evaluation is just to take time to reflect on our life:
a. Committing to 20-30 minutes of quiet reflection every day.

b. Take a walk, ride a bike, turn the radio off while commuting to work, sit on our back
porch, lie in the grass, go to bed a little early. Whatever works for us.
c. Need to open up our mind and just Think, Analyze, Consider, Ponder, Contemplate,
Imagine, Visualize, and Dream. Think about our past, our present, and our future. Ask
ourselves questions
d. Time of reflection great realizations, a new level of understanding, insight and
consciousness. .
4. Explore our strengths and weaknesses develop our self-awareness and clarify the
personal values which can guide us in the development of our own potential.
5. Need to stay away from any intoxicating and illicit substances like drugs and alcohol. Such
substances are very destructive.
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B. The Importance of Developing Own Potential
1. Need to know which one is our biggest personal strength.

Your biggest personal strength is what is easy for you, although it may not be easy for
everyone else.
This is what you do best and where your real talents are.
Should focus on using those strength to the fullest, because thats where you have a
competitive advantage and where you can create the most value for other people.
2. To prevent our weaknesses from becoming a hindrance to our progress, we need to look into
ways to address our weaknesses so that we can gradually improve the weak spot in our lives.
C. Values for the Development of own Potential
Here are some values which are good for the development of self-potential in line with the
development of civic consciousness among the Malaysians. Pairing with each of these values are
the weaknesses that stand against the development of the values:
Values Details
Tolerance Be willing to accept and respect the differences in opinions, ideas or ways
of doing things or ways of living. To be tolerant, we also need to be patient,
as at times we may need to be tolerant with the weaknesses of others.
Contrary to this value is the attitude of superiority complex, where we insist
that we are right all the time. Such attitude will create many problems in
relationships.
Action-Oriented Willing to take the necessary steps to make things happen. In a sense, this
person is responsible as he responds to a certain situation by doing what is
needed.
In action-taking, there is the need for us to learn to take optimistic actions,
meaning we always seek to make the best of our situations. As the saying
goes, When God hands you lemons, you make lemonade. The value of
optimistic actions is clear here take what you have been given and make
the best of it.
Contrary to this value is passivism, involving people who expect things to
happen according to their wishful thinking, without them having to lift a
finger
Adventurous Willing to take risks or to try out new methods, ideas, or experiences. An
adventurous person is normally creative in problem-solving. In other
words, it takes courage to be an adventurous person as risks are involved
and it takes a creative mind to be adventurous as we need to think out of
the box, to try new methods, ideas or experience.
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Analytical Think rationally and use logical reasoning. We do not act hastily. We weigh
the advantages and the disadvantages of a certain matter before we make
any decisions.
In contrast to this value is an impulsive attitude, where a person who is
ruled by his emotion, above rational thinking.
Authentic To be genuine, to be real, to be true. We know ourselves to a large extent

our strengths and weakness and we are not ashamed to project our
identity to the world. We do not try to imitate other people by putting on a
false mask and we do not live in the shadow of anyone.
In contrast to this value is pretense or hypocrisy. Sometimes our heart can
be so deceitful that we even deceive ourselves.
Caring / We live in a social realm where we need one another. Being caring or
Compassionate compassionate is a value much needed in this new era of globalization
where material needs create competition among mankind, where success is
measured by material gains. To be caring or compassionate means that we
are tenderhearted towards others; we have sympathy and we have concern.
Standing in contrast to this value are cruelty and selfishness.
Communicative Most of times, our communication is best understood when it is verbally

expressed. Although our body language plays a part in communicating, we
express most of our thoughts by talking. One of the main problems that we
face today is communication breakdown.
To communicate effectively, we need to practice good listening skills. We
need to learn to listen to one another so that we can have a more meaningful
conversation to build up one another. Conversation should be mutual.
Confident We have assurance and certainty to carry out a task. It is important for us
to be self-assured of whatever that we are doing. When we have the
confidence, we will have the courage and the determination to complete the
task. In the context of civic consciousness where we are to learn to do things
with the consciousness of others needs and welfare, it is crucial that we
have the certainty that our action is right.
Contrary to this value is low self-esteem and a hesitant attitude. We think
that our contribution is too little to mean anything.
Disciplined Have a controlled form of behavior or way of working. A person who is

disciplined tends to be more organized or orderly. A disciplined person
normally has a goal to achieve.
In contrast to this value is a flippant or indifferent attitude. The Malaysians

call this attitude as I dont care attitude (tak apa in Malay). A person who
is indifferent in character does things as he wishes without proper planning.
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Educated Education does not come just merely from classroom teaching
environment. As long as we live, we need to keep ourselves educated or
well-informed. Contrary to this value is a narrow-minded attitude, where
we only care to educate ourselves in things that can increase our material
gains but lose interest in social issues that are plaguing our society
Team-Oriented We do not just think of ourselves, but we also include others in our decision
making process. We realize that each one of us contribute to the whole
picture of happiness and well-being. Even the most complex tasks and
assignments can be made simpler when we focus on the solutions
together. There is indeed strength in numbers.
Contrary to this value is an attitude that is self-centred or individualistic.
D. Nature versus Nurtured
In relation to civic consciousness, more emphasis should be given to nurtured behaviour, especially
in the context of the Malaysian multiracial and multicultural background.
E. Malaysias Education
Malaysias education is based on the National Philosophy of Education (NPE)
Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential

of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who
are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonious,
based on a firm belief in and devotion to God. Such an effort is designed to produce
Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral
standards, and who are responsible and capable of achieving high level of personal
well-being as well as being able to contribute to the harmony and betterment of the
family, the society and the nation at large.
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CHAPTER 3: BUILDING AND EXPANDING MY CIVIC

CONSCIOUSNESS -- FAMILY, FRIENDS, COMMUNITY
A. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards the Family

1. What is family?
A fundamental social unit of society that plays an essential role in
fulfilling the emotional, physical and social needs of individuals.
A powerful agent for political, economic, cultural and social change
A vehicle for the care, protection and development of its members.
Therefore, the family plays an important role in nation-building as it lays the foundation of the
nation and shapes the destiny of its people.
2. Challenges of modernization and urbanization in society breakdown of family life leads
to other social issues as well.
3. We all need to build and expand civic consciousness towards our own family, building good
relationships within the family by practising the following virtues:
Virtues Details
Leadership Family members, usually the adults, must assume responsibility
for leading the family. If no one accepts this vital role, the family
will weaken.
Each family needs its own special set of rules and guidelines.
These rules are based on the family members' greatest
understanding of one another, not forces. The guidelines pass
along from the adults to the children by example, with firmness
and fairness.
Strong families can work together to establish their way of life,
allowing children to have a voice in decision making and
enforcing rules. However, in the initial stages and in times of
crisis, adult family members must get the family to work
together.
When the children reach the age of adulthood, they too can bear
the same responsibility in taking the lead to strengthen the
family.
Love Love is at the heart of the family. Love is the close personal
blending of physical and mental togetherness.
Where there is love, there is intimacy, sharing, belonging, and
caring. Where there is love, there is also honesty, understanding,
patience, and forgiveness.
Love does not come automatically requires constant daily
effort by each family member. Loving families share activities
and express a great deal of gratitude for one another. Love takes
time, affection, and a positive attitude.
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Spiritual wellness The spiritual dimension in families provides many possible

benefits:
A sense of a greater good or power in life.
Gives them strength and purpose as each member of the
family struggle to cope the challenges of their daily lives.
Spirituality a force that helps us reach beyond ourselves and
become a part of something larger than ourselves. Spirituality
causes us to be a better person.
Spiritual wellness less self-centred and their consciousness
towards the needs and welfare of their family become higher.
Volunteering as a The family protect their own mental and physical health when
family. they walk the extra mile to reach out to the community.
Get to know organizations in the community and find resources
and activities for the family. It can bond family more closely
within the community.
Informal learning for their children
B. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards Friends
1. Civic consciousness is vital in tackling social issues that are related to youth, like
gangsterism, bullying, drug addiction, teen suicides, illegal racing, unhealthy sex,
pornography, environmental issues, public transport and etc.
2. Social issues could take place because peers do not have the proper civic consciousness
towards their friends:
exert negative influence on their friends, or
just stand aside, being reluctant to intervene when the friends encounter problems.
Example of the lack of civic consciousness towards friends the case of bullying.
C. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards the Community
1. The Oxford English Dictionary (volume 1, 1986, p. 486) states that community is the
quality of appertaining to, or being held in common; joint or common ownership, tenure or
liability
2. Depending on ones perspective, community can be small, such as a few blocks in a
neighborhood, or as large as the planet we all share. In other words, community is also the
realm in which we practice active citizenship.
3. There is a need for more academic discussion about community and the importance of civic
consciousness as such educating talk will teach the next generation of Malaysians who are also
the future leaders of the country about the importance of strengthening the country by each
doing their needful part for the nation.
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4. A community is anchored in place and time, and is forged by common ties and social
interaction among people. Our community grows in strength and cohesiveness when we are
willing and able to serve and care for one another. Our community is also the source of our
sense of identity and belonging, as well as strength and support especially during times of
crises.
5. Due to our multicultural backgrounds, the communities in Malaysia have various needs and
aspirations. Besides the multicultural factor, the communities are further complicated by social
and economic gap between members of the society. Therefore, to practice civic consciousness
toward the community/ies, we need to realise the complexities of any communal issues taking
place in the country.
6. We can play a part in responding to the needs and aspirations of our community. Some
effective ways are:
a. Disseminating messages through the media.
b. Promoting a more gracious, caring and inclusive society, by offering to help out in
communal activities.
c. Promoting public education on various communal issues in the social media to create more
awareness concerning issues that are plaguing the people.
7. Practice civic consciousness by doing volunteering work

Learn to empathise with the less privileged in our society
Help make our society more caring and inclusive.
Internalise values such as care, respect and responsibility, which benefit our personal
development as individuals and citizens.
8. We can make a difference in our community by believing that serving others and being
committed to the community is a worthy cause. When the people are like-minded individuals
in this aspect, we can all make the society a better place.
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CHAPTER 4: BUILDING AND EXPANDING MY CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS THE

NATION AND THE WORLD
C. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards the Nation
1. Malaysia exhibits unity in diversity for other countries to emulate.

As a fast growing nation we all can be engaged in the shaping of
Malaysias future in politics, economy and most importantly, our
social engagement living in pluralistic society with its diversity of
culture, religion and ethnic backgrounds.
2. An increased level of civic consciousness towards the Malaysian politics among the people.
a. March 8, 2008 marks a change in Malaysias political landscape.
b. The Coalition for Clean and Fair Elections (Malay: Gabungan Pilihanraya Bersih dan
Adil) or BERSIH (meaning clean in Malay) is a coalition of non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) which seeks to reform the current electoral system in Malaysia
to ensure free, clean and fair elections.
3. Political awareness towards the issue of corruption:-
Malaysians need to build civic consciousness towards the issue of corruption that
has been affecting the growth of the nation.
Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It is damaging to a
country because decisions are taken not for the public benefit but to serve private
interests.
Negative effects of corruption:
Undermines good governance
Distorts public policy
Misallocation of resources hurts the poor.
The public can play their part to fight corruption by refusing to give or accept
bribes.
4. Ways to engage in the communities to make better Malaysia
a) Participating in civic activities like volunteerism, and sharing ideas and suggestions or
participating in feedback sessions.
b) Expanding and maintaining the common space among the different racial groups.
c) Promoting a way of life that strengthens family ties.
d) Narrowing the gaps within society, such as the socio-economic divide which has been
proven to contribute to social issues, like criminal activities.
e) Working together with the government, NGOs and communities through social media-
websites by giving suggestions and opinions on how to combat social ills such as drug
abuse, corruption, baby dumping and etc.
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E. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards the World
1. "We Are the World" is one of the songs that can best describe civic consciousness towards
the world. The song was written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, and produced by
Quincy Jones and Michael Omartian for the album We Are the World. The sale proceedings
from the song eventually was donated to feed the poor in Africa.
There comes a time when we heed a certain call

When the world must come together as one
There are people dying
And its time to lend a hand to life
The greatest gift of all
2. Advancements in technology and communication:
live in the borderless world and our world is rapidly shaped by the forces of
globalisation.
individuals and nations are no longer isolated, but are closely connected.
due to this increased awareness in world today, it is possible for countries to offer aid
to affected countries within days.
3. As responsible global citizens, we need to think beyond our borders and consider how we
can contribute to humanity and the betterment of the world we live in. Some ways of
contributing include:
a. engaging in global issues of concern by being aware and supporting causes that seek to
address these issues
b. advocating environmental protection

Example: participating in the Earth Hour campaign
c. promoting friendship and understanding with citizens of other countries
d. volunteering for activities that promote international goodwill, e.g. Youth Expedition
Programme, Singapore Volunteer Overseas Programme, overseas Community
Involvement Programmes
e. contributing to humanitarian causes spearheaded by international agencies
4. Age of globalization global consciousness is vital to prepare students and youth to live
in a 21st century geo-political environment and global economy.
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CHAPTER 5: CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE MALAYSIAN CONTEXT SOCIO-

CULTURAL AWARENESS AND AWARENESS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM
1. Race
a) Ethnic relations in Malaysia are complex due to:
Historical context The Malaysian Federal Constitution was the result of ethnic
bargaining:
The non-Malays obtained citizenship with the safeguarding of
their culture and language
The Malays and the bumiputeras were guaranteed their
special position according to Article 153 of the Constitution.
Socio-cultural Different religions, cultural beliefs and set of values among

differences races.
Lack of acceptance and tolerance towards racial differences
Divisive ploys by Creating division between races by turning certain issues into
certain racial issues.
irresponsible Creating enmity between races by practising racial
parties stereotyping and prejudices.
b) The need for civic consciousness and responsibility in preserving racial harmony:
Racial conflicts in May 13, 1969 left a deep impression in most Malaysians
concerning the importance of racial unity and harmony.
Recent years some signs of unrest among the races due to the heavy politicking done
by the political parties in Malaysia.
To progress on to become a developed nation in year 2020 civic consciousness among
the races is a key ingredient that helps to unite the people.
c) Ways to preserve racial harmony:
Resist divisive ploys Should not see racial differences as a threat to us.
Instead, find creative ways to come together, to share a
common experience.
Continue efforts of Although we may not achieve full unity, nor can we remove
racial unity ethnic conflict completely still need to persevere with the
efforts the unite the races.
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Bring the different ethnic groups together and to lessen

tension and animosity as much as possible
2. Class
The old ethnic Malays in agriculture

division of labor: Indians in the professions and plantations
Chinese in mining and commerce.
Today, the Malaysian The educated urban professionals fill the offices of large
workforce is companies in a multi-ethnic blend.
increasingly divided Those without educational qualifications work in factories,
by class and petty trade, and agricultural small holdings.
citizenship:
Symbols of class In Malaysia's market economy, consumption provides the

stratification primary symbols of stratification A mobile phone, gold
jewelry, and fashionable clothing = high rank
The ways to be civic a) Financial aid to those in need

conscious towards Thus far, most Malaysians are generous when it comes
those who are less to financial aid to the needy ones
affluent: Willing to give it back to the society.
b) Empowerment of the underprivileged

Provides the necessary educational and skills training
Equip them to be financially independent break
away from the vicious cycle of poverty.
3. Gender
Article 8 of the Constitution banned the act of favoritism or different treatment on account
of religion, race, descent, place of birth and gender.
Generally men have more power than women in the Malaysian society: top politicians,
business leaders, and religious practitioners
Considerable suppleness in the gender divisions in Malaysia prominent women
emerging in many different fields. Most of the major political parties have an active
women's wing which provides access to political power. Men and women play equally
important roles in developing the country.
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The lack of civic awareness regarding gender discrimination in Malaysia in seen in the
following areas:
Discrimination Face discrimination when they are under employment or

against pregnant seeking employment.
woman in The reasons for the employers:
employment a) Pregnant women to be less efficient during their pregnancy
period.
b) Have to bear the hospitalization cost of the female worker
during child delivery.
Violence against Incidences of domestic violence are on the rise.

women Includes physical and psychological abuse as well as emotional
treachery .
OSCC (The One Stop Crisis Centre) was established in 1996 in
general hospitals nationwide to enable survivors of violence
to access comprehensive treatment and services at one
centralized location
Injustice towards The rapist was not imprisoned because he has got a promising
female rape victims future
The rape victim was persuaded by family members to marry the
rapist to cover the shame of the incidence
The rape victim was blamed instead eg mixing with the
wrong company, attire etc
Stereotyping against An unwed pregnant woman regarded as being immoral by

unwed mothers the society.
This social labeling may cause unwed pregnant women to resort
to abortion and baby dumping
The unwed mothers are blamed for killing a life, when the man
who impregnated her and the girls parents are also much at
fault
4. The uniqueness of Malaysian culture and traditions

Within Malaysian society there are the Malay culture, the Chinese culture, an Indian
culture, the Eurasian culture, along with the cultures of Sabahans and Sarawakians.
a) Development of national identity
To develop national identity important to maintain / preserve:
peace and unity

culture and tradition
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The ways to develop national identity:
Ways Details
Diffusion spread of cultural elements from one individual to the other
individuals, or from one community to the other community
takes place through immitation process.
Assimilation occurs in clusters of different cultures

they interact with each other, for a long time until the cultures of
the small groups fit into the majority
Acculturation occurs when a person or one community copies or adapts parts of
the cultures or tradition of another group
yet still maintaining their original culture or tradition.
b) Threats to the preservation of Malaysian culture and traditions:
Lack of Multiracial society different cultures, customs and traditions.

awareness and Without the awareness and respect of diverse cultures and
respect traditions of Malaysians ethnocentric attitude towards own
racial culture and tradition, while demeaning those of other races.
Losing sight of Instead, giving more ground to foreign cultures, like the K-pop
their own heritage culture from Korea.
When the young generation of Malaysia are swept away by
another foreign culture, the national identity is compromised.
5. Citizens
a) Responsibility and tolerance
Responsibility Tolerance
Citizenship comes with its rights Definition: respect, acceptance and

and responsibilities. appreciation of the rich diversity of our
Includes: cultures.
a) Respecting the law and the Constitution Learning to accept and be tolerant with
to create a society with integrity. the differences in other races.
Respecting the law does not mean blind Wrong to think that only their own racial
adherence to the law. culture is superior, while the other
Instead, it means (1) respecting our fellow cultures stand in inferiority to theirs
citizens by not trespassing into rights of Need to be colour-blind, especially in
others, and (2) rejecting anything that issues such poverty, cultural differences,
harms the people and the nation. religions
20
b) Being socially responsible to another, by Dont stereotype and only look at

looking into the common needs and differences
aspiration of the nation. Instead, should look at commonalities,
looking at what unites us -- our
common goal and common aspiration.
b) Instilling civic consciousness among Malaysian youths today

- Malaysias future depends on our young people.
Instill in them the proper Teaching them to take pragmatic actions to address the
values that can bind the delicate racial issues in Malaysia.
nation Do not just complain about the differences between races
Holding meaningful By the authorities, especially the

dialogues regarding political parties
issues of national Steering the country onwards towards stability and
interests progress
6. Conditional Freedom of Rights
The rights of the Malaysian are not absolute due to the complexity of its historical
context.
A Malaysian is allotted the constitutional right to do as he wishes, as long as he does not
overstep the right of another or he does create disharmony in the society.
In a large sense, a Malaysian has to be civic conscious about the rights of others for the
sake of the nation.
Freedom of Speech
The Rights: Conditional Rights:
The right of freedom is recognized as a Everyone shall have the right to express
human right in Article 19 of the their opinions but these rights are subjected
Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the following conditions:
and recognized in International human a) Sedition Act 1948
rights law in the International Covenant b) Defamation Act 1957 (Act 286)
on Civil Rights and Political Rights c) Security Act of 1960
(ICCPP). d) Official Secrets Act 1972
The right of freedom of speech "the e) Printing Presses and Publications
right to opinions without interference. Act 1984 (Act 301)
f) Police Act 1967- other related acts
(including the Penal Code)
21
The press in Malaysia = no total

freedom of speech in reporting
Public comments on racial, religious,
and other subjects are prohibited.
All publications must annually apply for
permit renewals and foreign
publications are subject to censorship
and confiscation.
Internet access is permitted, but
defamation and other laws result in self-
censorship by bloggers and others.
Civil servants, professors, and students
must sign a loyalty pledge, under which
their political activity and freedom of
expression are restricted.
Films that are deemed as having the
potential to provoke certain racial
sentiments are censored or banned.
Anyone who says, writes, prints, sells or
publishes any articles that debate
sensitive matters such as the rights of
the Malays has committed an offense
and is subjected to 5 years of
imprisonment or a fine of RM5000.
Practising the freedom of speech
responsibly harmony and achieving
a common goal of unity and
development.
Freedom of Religion

Article 3 (1) the Constitution
guarantees freedom of religion, but Those below 18 years old are not
also describes Islam as the official allowed to take part in other religious
religion. rituals.
Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, and Not compulsory to pay any tax if the
Christian holy festival = official collection is used for the sake of other
holiday. religious interests.
Government requires that Islamic Article 11 (4) provides power to the
religious education must be taught to state or federal governments to restrict
all Muslim children. Non-Muslim non-Muslim religions spread or expand
children are exposed to moral their teachings or beliefs to the other
education. Muslims.
Every religion has the right to: Conversion from Islam to another
religion is not allowed.
22
Manage their own religious

affairs.
Establish and maintain
institutions for religious
purposes and charity.
Manage and setting up
foundations and own
property, hold and govern it
according to law.
Freedom of Assembly
Citizens enjoy the right to assembly a) The Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 (PAA)
peacefully without arms and they have is the law which regulates public protests in
the right to form associations Malaysia. Its restrictions include:
Assembly for the rights to economic The PAA also bans any assembly in
freedom the form of street protest.
a) employees can fight for their Any person below the age of 21
economic interests. cannot be an organiser. Any person
b) can set up the picketing or strike below the age of 15 cannot
action in order to get a more fair participate in an assembly.
treatment from employers The proposed Act also bars any
gathering within 50 m of "prohibited
places" such as hospitals, petrol
stations, airports, railway stations,
places of worship and schools
b) The Societies Act requires organisations
of seven or more people to register, with the
government denying registration to certain
groups, including human-rights
organisations
c) Universities and University Colleges Act

restricts the formation of student groups.
23
CHAPTER 6: CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE MALAYSIAN CONTEXT CIVIC

AWARENESS AND THE ECONOMY (PUBLIC AMENITIES AND ROAD USAGE)
1. The use of public amenities
Public amenities = resources, conveniences, facilities or

benefits offered to the general public for their use or
enjoyment, with or without charges.
Examples = restrooms, public transports, parks, lift, public telephones
Expected to function all times.
Our responsibility = take good care of the public amenities at all time.
2. Malaysian public toilets:
Dirty and smelly the toilet seats which have dirty shoe prints.
no toilet paper is provided.
the flush systems are poorly maintained the toilet is left

unflushed.
Wet all the times the dankness accumulates and before long,
the whole cubicle smells like a wet fish market.
Factors of bad The vicious cycle of bad toilet manners:

toilet manners One person starts to 'lead' the abuse, by not cleaning properly
a toilet after use the next person who uses the toilet,
would also follow suit with the bad attitude.
If this happens all over the country, where people take the
lead in introducing the bad attitude, then there are many 'bad
leaders'.
Malaysians I dont care less (tidak apa) attitude, selfish and me-
first stance:
A worrying trend being deliberately disrespecting people
and property in the use of the public toilets, as they go on
with their busy lives.
Maintaining clean public toilets may not be in the list of
things to do for most Malaysians.
24
The Importance of Provide a telling comment on the attitudes and habits of the citizens.
Maintaining Clean Most Malaysians lack civic pride
Public Toilets Do not seem to be bothered by the fact that the dirty toilets in
Malaysia are giving the country a bad name.
A gauge of where a country really is in its development, and tell

others more than tourist board advertisements.
Toilets cant lie: theyre great, indifferent or terrible.
Its toilets are not what we would expect for a relatively wealthy
country.
The country isnt poor: the upper bracket of middle-income
countries.
Comparison In Japan :- the Japanese are very conscious. The country is

incredibly clean, especially the public toilets in train stations in
Tokyo.
In the United States or other developed countries: toilets are
relatively clean and always offer soap, sink and hand dryer
Basic manners in a) Do not set foot on the toilet bowls

using the public Pedestal toilet are for sitting on only
toilets Squatting on toilet bowls leaving dirty shoe prints behind
b) Do not flush down unwanted stuffs into the toilet

Especially for female users sanitary napkins should not be
flushed down into the toilet but be wrapped and disposed of
in the sanitary pad disposal unit.
Can cause the toilet to clog up.
c) Proper disposal of tissue papers

Dispose all unwanted stuffs into the bins instead of
conveniently throwing them on the floor.
Do not leave wet tissues at the wash basin.
d) No smoking inside the toilet

- Fallen ash will dirty the floor.
- Causing the toilet to smell of cigarette smoke
e) Remember to flush to the toilet after use.

- Dont leave urine or feces floating in the toilet bowl for the
next user.
- Check that the feces / urine has been fully flushed down
before leaving the cubicle.
25
3. The Use of Public Transport
Public transportation = a shared passenger transport service which is available for use by the
general public, such as buses, taxi, train, light rail train, monorail.
The public transports in urban areas, like in the Kuala Lumpur, are normally crowded with
passengers, especially during the peak hours of the day
Problems in the use Some do not queue up instead, they push their way through into
of public transport the public transport
Peak season before and after work rushing to work or
couldnt wait to reach home.
Long intervals between arrival of one bus and the next bus.
Less generous in giving up their seats to the elderly / the pregnant

women / disabled
Some may take up the seats specially allocated for the
elderly / pregnant women / disabled.
Pretend not to notice them increase their safety risks.
However
the above does not happen that often at the bus stops or the
LRT / commuter stations, when the crowd of passengers is
smaller.
Malaysians have to realize that civic responsibility normally
comes at the price of ones own convenience.
The issue is this:
To what extent are Malaysians willing to practice civic

responsibility in use of the public transport?
A role model for Japanese people affected by the earthquake and tsunami
Malaysians maintained a quiet dignity today as they patiently queued
for water and food.
Survivors searching for loved ones or helping to clean up
streets with few explosions of anger, even willing to share
food with the older people.
Two phrases offer some insight into the Japanese psyche:
a) Shikata ga nai = 'it can't be helped,' and is a common reaction
to situations beyond one's control.
b) Gaman = patient and persevere in the face of suffering.
Basic manners in a) Please queue up

the use of public As a respect those who come earlier than us by taking our
transport position behind them in the queue.
Pushing around not civilised and may cause injury.
26
b) Do not keep others waiting

Have our money or entry pass ready for our fare
Be ready to get off in plenty of time when arriving at our
stop.
c) Dont distract the driver on the bus
Making noise in the bus.
Talking loudly on the handphone
d) Be mindful of the comfort of others
Do not litter on the bus
Cover our mouth when we cough or sneeze.
e) Do not trespass the rights of others
One seat per person dont put our bags on the seat.
Do not occupy seats meant for the elderly / pregnant women
/ disabled ones.
4. Littering
Definition = the indiscriminate throwing of rubbish or simply put, waste out of place.
The problem of littering is rooted from human behaviour
Very important to focus on our behavioural modification to solve the littering problem
Why do people a) Dont understand the impact of their actions on the environment
litter? The place is already littered their rubbish makes no
difference.
Think biodegradable things, like banana skins, are not
rubbish.
b) Lack of enforcement by the authorities
Think they wont get into trouble
No enforcement of anti-litter laws.
c) Peer influence
Friends do not care about the environment not their
personal property
See their peers litter it is okay to do the same
d) Rubbish bins
Believe that it is okay to litter if there is no bin provided
Think it is okay to put litter onto an overflowing bin because,
although it is clear that the litter item will escape, they have
followed the rules
Problems a) Environmental problem

associated with Cause injury to the area wildlife and pose threats to human.
littering Human-made litters such as plastic, glass, aluminum cans
cause external injury to animals or, if accidentally ingested,
cause death.
27
May become the home for disease-spreading insects such as

flies and mosquitoes
b) Social problem
The litter-bug manifests an underlying attitude that he could
not care less about the society.
This anti-social behaviour may lead to other bigger social
issues if this behaviour is not adjusted.
c) Aesthetic problem
A littered area is unsightly.
Litter mars the beauty of nature.
Ways to solve a) Environmental design

littering problem Ensuring the availability of the trash receptacles
among Malaysians Improving the design of the trash receptacles to make them
more attractive
b) Prompts
A reminder for what we have to do and what we do not have
to do.
May be in written, oral and visual form the written prompt
being the most popular method.
An effective strategy to influence social behaviour if there is a
long period of prompting.
c) Clean up
The littering behaviour of the public is the increased when
they are in a littered setting compared to a clean setting.
Reducing the amount litter in the area by performing
continuous cleaning up to ensure the effectiveness of the step.
d) Education strategies
The public needs to be educated continually on the
importance of a clean environment for all.
Not just confined to classroom teaching participation in
environment related activities
Educational campaigns signs, messages printed on
packaging, personal messages, and presentations about the
harmful impacts of litter.
28
5. Vandalism
Definition: the intentional abuse, damage or destruction of any portion of someone elses
property or common or shared property such as our residential facilities, furnishing or
public property.
Example: a case of vandalism in Penang (2012). Vandals have splattered a wall mural that
has become a popular backdrop for photographers and tourists in Armenian Street.
Factors of a) Anger or envy

vandalism Disgruntlement with the certain people or the society at
large
Taking revenge
b) Opportunistic behaviour
Possibly for peer acceptance or bravado in gang cultures
Vandalism may also be filmed for fun
c) Society
The large-scale prevalence of gang graffiti in some inner
cities has almost made it acceptable to the societies based
there
Vandalised properties may go unnoticed, or not be
removed pointless as vandals will repeat the act again.
Ways to raise civic a) Educational camps

consciousness To be re-instilled with the right mindset toward public
among the vandals property.
Addressing the causes of vandalism
b) Stricter Punishment
In Malaysia, offenders get away with small fines.
Urging the Government to introduce the Vandalism Act
which provides stiffer punishment for mischief makers
short-term jail sentences for repeat offenders.
Punishment in Singapore = a fine up to S$2,000 or
imprisonment for a term not more than three years and
mandatory whipping of not less than three strokes and not
more than eight strokes of the cane.
6. Road usage
Lawlessness seems to be breeding on the streets and highways of our nation:
Bad driving a) Cut queue:

manners Could not care less about the rights and feelings of the motorists
before them
29
Worsen the traffic congestion on the road.

b) Rude overtaking:
Too lazy to switch on their signals
Some may cut in abruptly, increasing the risks of road accidents
c) Impatient driving:
In a rush due to own poor time management.
Sounding their honk at any motorists who are slowing them down,
although these motorists who are driving according to the speed
limit.
d) Not giving way:
Do not like to give way to other motorists who have signaled that
they would like to switch to another lane
They speed up to close in the gap between them, so that the other
motorist has no way to switch lane.
Lawlessness when the traffic light is not working at the cross
junction everyone is out to out-do one another.
Indiscriminate Parking at single or double lines, white or yellow lines, no parking

parking signs or emergency exits, corners or fire hydrants.
Having no regard to the inconvenience caused to the other motorists.
The main cause for the horrible traffic
Pedestrians Expecting the motorists to tail behind them at their slow-walking place.
Crossing the the road, without bothering that a motorist is coming on
their way.
Walking in pairs or in their groups along the road
Ways to Promote a) Parents / older generation

Civic The young generation learns from their parents, and the next
Consciousness in generation after this young generation will repeat this vicious
Road Usage cycle.
Civic conscious parents bringing a positive transformation of
mindset in the young generation.
b) Authorities
To mean business in enforcing the traffic rules uprooting
corruption from the traffic police force.
Accepting bribes from road abusers will lead to repeated road
offences as the road abusers felt that money can be used to solve
the problem.
30
CHAPTER 7: CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE MALAYSIAN

CONTEXT WASTAGE AND BUYING MALAYSIAN GOODS
1. Water wastage
a) According to Energy, Green Technology and Water Minister Datuk Seri Dr Maximus
Ongkili:
Malaysians utilise more water than people in other countries including the United States
and Australia
Average daily water consumption by a Malaysian was currently 300 litres almost
double the benchmark recommended by the United Nations, he said.
The United Nations (UN) had reported in 2010 that the total water requirement for an
individual was 165 litres per day.
b) FOMCA president Datuk N.Marimuthu said a consumer needed only 80 litres of water a
day, including three litres for drinking, to sustain a reasonable quality of living.
With water conservation, each person could save up to 135 litres of water a day.
If all the conservation measures are implemented, then consumers can save up to 28.2
cubic metres per household a savings of RM18.33 a month.
c) According to the Malaysian Water Industry Guide 2014:

Penang the highest consumption of water per day in 2013 at 296 litres.
Sabah the lowest consumption of water per day (109 litres).
d) According to a 2011 survey:

Malaysians use far more water than their neighbors in South East Asia (300 litres)
Thai only 90 litres a day
Singaporeans 154 litres and are aiming to lower their daily usage to 100 litres.
e) An urgent need for water conservation:
71% of the Earths surface is covered with water, however only 1 percent of the water on
Earth is fresh water and available to consume.
Climate change may affect the availability of water to be consumed worsen the water
scarcity situation in all countries.
Water crisis in Malaysia since year 2014 water rationing exercises in several states
31
f) Practising civic consciousness in the use of water:
Simple tips on reducing the water consumption in our daily life
Be mindful of water Take shorter showers (recommended 8 minutes or less).

consumption in daily Turn off the tap while brushing teeth, and soaping and
activities scrubbing dishes
Reuse water Use rainwater to water the plants and to wash your
vehicles.
Add a washing up bowl or plug into your sink to catch
excess water flowing from the tap while washing
then use the excess water for first rinsing of dirty plates
/ bowls etc.
Use efficient Use a shut-off nozzle on your hose.
appliances Use a low-flow shower head.
Be proactive in Regularly check for any leaking in the toilet and

preventing water faucets.
wastage Then get any leaking taps or pipes fixed as soon as
possible
2. Energy wastage
a) Climate change and natural disasters likely to be the result of global warming, i.e.,
greenhouse gas emission.
b) According to the International Energy Agency in 2009, the contributors to high
levels of CO2 emissions come from:
The energy industry (41 per cent)
The transport industry (23 per cent)
The manufacturing industry (20 per cent)
c) In light of the global emission of CO2, Malaysia made a commitment at the climate
summit in Copenhagen in 2009:
To reduce its CO2 emissions by 40 per cent of its 2005 levels by 2020, subject to
assistance from developed countries.
32
To achieve a balance between development and being environmentally friendly, requires

commitment from the industries, consumers and the government.
The industries The energy industry has to secure a viable, sustainable and
affordable power supply without sacrificing the Earth's
resources.
Using incentives from the government and technical and
financial assistance from developed countries to maximise its
increased use of renewable energy sources as well as clean
technology.
The energy industry currently relies on finite resources such
as fossil fuels to generate power for electricity.
In the long run needs to find alternatives to depleting fossil
fuels.
The consumers Develop responsible energy consumption habits

Stop wasting electricity.
Do not leave appliances on standby or leave the lights on
when nobody is in the room
Use energy-efficient appliances

Energy efficient appliances use less energy and save money
Use energy-efficient light bulbs, refrigerators and air
conditioners.
The government To lead by example all government offices to set their air
conditioning thermostats at 24 degrees Celsius.
Observing the annual Earth Hour in March.
3. Food wastage
We throw away a staggering amount of edible food each day.
a) The Statistics
According to the National Solid Waste Management Department
Daily food waste:

The largest contributor of solid waste
The largest source of harmful greenhouse gases in the country.
It makes up between 31 and 45 per cent of an average of 36,000 tonnes of garbage
generated annually.
33
Contributors of food waste

Households contribute the largest portion of food waste
Followed by night and wet markets, food courts and restaurants, hotels, and the food and
beverage industry
b) The Irony of food wastage in Malaysia
We are wasting all of this food when many Malaysians in the Klang Valley and other parts of
the country are food insecure (not knowing where their next meal is coming from). People
who are food insecure: the urban poor and the street people. They depend on soup kitchens,
among other places, for their sustenance. Nearly 2,000 people are living on the streets in
Kuala Lumpur.
c) The factors of food wastage:
The attitude of Food is abundant in Malaysia, especially for most city folks
Malaysians who In other parts of the world, there are people going without
take food for food and here we are throwing food away.
granted.
Do not adopt We often overestimate the amount of food to prepare at home

careful meal We heap our plates with a large pile of assorted dishes which
planning we cannot finish.
Etiquette at social Organising events that involve serving food to guests, our
functions motto is more and more food.
Serving enough food to make the invited guests happy.
d) Ways to reduce food wastage
Educational strategies Should only take what we can consume.

to change the mindset Learn to make the right lifestyle choice and to reduce
of the people food waste and losses.
Legislative measure France recently passed a law requiring heads of

supermarkets to sign donation contracts with charities or
face a penalty.
A stringent approach would surely help reduce the
amount of disposed food scraps
34
Donating surplus food Taking part in MYsavefood programme an awareness

drive by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the
United Nations
Cooperation of eatery operators, hotels and the food
industry to donate their surplus food to needy welfare
bodies.
4. Buying Malaysian Goods and Service
Today Malaysia manufactures most of the consumer products that caters local market.
No longer have to depend on imported consumer products over the years.
The advantages of supporting Malaysian goods and service:
Local produce can be at par To satisfy the domestic markets demand,

with the imported products, if Malaysian manufacturers have been improving
not better sometimes their products quality and offering products at
competitive prices.
Leather goods such as shoes, bags and wallets.
Helps to create highly The responsibility of every Malaysian.

patriotic consumers who will Giving own local products a chance
prioritize the use of Malaysia- supporting the growth of our local industries.
made products and services in
their daily life.
Cheaper price compared to The utilization of local resources saving

some of the imported products. production cost.
Promotes prudent spending better household
financial management
Boosts Malaysian economy Helps the country to save on the foreign exchange
Increase employment opportunities to the local
people
35
CHAPTER 8: CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE MALAYSIAN
AND GLOBAL CONTEXT
1. Civic Consciousness towards the Environment
a) River pollution
Lack of awareness lost touch with the role of the river in daily life
among the modern lost the sense of spiritual bonding with the rivers.
generation: See water coming from the taps, instead of coming from the
rivers, see fish coming from the markets, instead of coming from
the rivers.
Unlike the people in depended on the river for everything

the olden days: human settlements grew around river basins and their entire life
revolved around the river.
Promoting civic Government efforts to clean up rivers like the River of Life Project
consciousness Like River of Life project Successful programme
towards river the revival of the Malacca River
pollution The rejuvenation of the Klang River.
Volunteering work
In July 2013, 300 volunteers joined forces to clean up the
Klang River.
The volunteers removed more than 20 bags of rubbish and a
huge amount of riverine vegetation that slows down the flow
of river.
Educational effort
Certain parts of the river site will be make made into an open
classroom area for river education
Aims to rekindle our relationship with nature, especially
rivers which have always been essential for water and
transportation.
All-round educational awareness concerning the issue.
Compliance from the industries

No instant solution saving the river means undertaking
diligent and sustainable efforts such as ensuring that all
industrial operators have grease traps, treatment plants for
industrial discharges.
Regular monitoring of the industries to ensure compliance.
36
b) Sea Pollution
The state of pollution Between 75% and 80% of marine pollution is caused by
land, particularly agriculture.
In South America, 98% of domestic wastewater ends up,
untreated, in the sea.
The countries along the Mediterranean Sea throw 50 million
tons of waste into it every year and the Chinese throw 60
million tons of waste into the Yellow sea daily.
According to the IFREMER (the French Institute for
Exploitation of the Sea), coastal water pollution cost the
world economy almost 12.8 billion dollars in 2006.
The seas surrounding The fish we eat are becoming scarce. The animals that live
Malaysia in and off the sea are choking on the plastic we carelessly
discard. The coral reefs are dying in the heat of rising
temperatures
In Malaysia, the greatest threat to the seas
indiscriminate coastal development
pollution from coastal activities.
In the Straits of Malacca heavy maritime traffic causes
oil pollution in the waters.
The depth of the sea hides all our waste. The sprinkling of
styrofoam and plastic on beaches is only a small indication
of the heap of refuse that lies at the bottom of our seas.
The lack of civic Mans assumption: the seas are simply a vast reservoir able
consciousness towards to accommodate and dilute limitless amounts of pollutants.
sea pollution Do not realize that as pollution and land-based activities
take their toll on the marine environment, its support of life
is diminished.
Giant clams the largest clam in the world used to be
abundant with seven of the worlds eight species found in
Malaysian waters close to extinction
c) Air pollution
The factors of air Increased number of vehicles on the road

pollution The number of private vehicles has been increasing
affordable car financing scheme
Exhaust gas from mobile emission sources such as motor
vehicles and the black smoke from diesel motor.
37
Forest fires and illegal open burning

Prolonged dry seasons due to climate change forest fires
Some agricultural lands in Indonesia are illegally cleared by
burning serious haze problems to neighbouring countries
Industrial activities
Trees have been cut down to accommodate the building of
large industrial factories.
Oxygen supply decreases, while factories are spewing out
poisonous gases
Haze Malaysians feel the effects of air pollution mainly from haze.
The haze in June 2013:

The worst since 2005.
19 June 2013 Air Pollution Index (API) hitting 172
On 23 June, the Air Pollution Index (API) in Muar, Johor
spiked to 746 at 7 a.m. resulting in the declaration of
emergency in Muar and Ledang, leaving the towns in virtual
shutdown.
The haze in September 2015:

The worst since mid-2013 -- grips the region nearly every year
during the dry season, when agricultural land is illegally
cleared by burning.
Indonesia has faced pressure from its neighbours to address the
problem since it first emerged about 20 years ago.
But the issue has persisted, especially as plantations have
expanded, driven in large part by rising global demand for
palm oil, a key ingredient in a vast range of everyday
consumer products.
Effects: Closure of schools in affected states and respiratory illnesses

The lack civic Tolerance with poor air quality in city areas
consciousness Rarely demand that the industries do not create pollution
towards air pollution Passive attitude in initiating measures to counter air pollution
in their daily lives
38
a) Environmental citizenship
The environment is a global concern that involves issues of rights and duties of everyone
towards the environment
Definition Refers to pro-environmental behavior, in public and in private

It is driven by a belief in fairness of the distribution of
environmental goods
There is active participation and in the co-creation of sustainable
policy.
Important Awareness towards the environment

elements The knowledge on what the environment is all about and the
importance of it.
Attitude reflects how individuals relate to the environmental and
involves the issue of perception as to how the individuals view the
environment issues.
Responsibility, by engaging in pro-environmental activities.

Do simple things conserving the use of water and energy, reducing
the use of plastic bags etc, sharing information on the environment
through the social media
Can take part in environment-related activities organized by the
NGOs or the governmental bodies
Barriers Lack of enforcement due to corruption

Local authorities accepting bribes from law-breakers such as
factory owners
Enable law breakers cut deals that are not environmental friendly
with the authorities.
Lack of civic consciousness
Do not have sufficient awareness in them to motivate them to do
what is necessary for the environment.
Do not realise the need for them to play their civic roles to protect
the environment.
Social norms
Most Malaysians do not like to correct or adjust others openly,
especially strangers
Think that they are meddling into other peoples business and
might even disrupt social harmony.
39
2. Civic Consciousness towards the Cyber world

a) Cyber bullying
Defintion Tormenting, threatening or humiliating a person using the

Internet, interactive and digital technologies or mobile phones.
Involves sending hateful or threatening messages to others to
damaging their reputations or invading their privacy.
Doing it for pleasure, anger, revenge, boredom or frustration.
Effects of Depression that may lead to suicide

cyberbullying on the
victim
The Practice of Civic Students
Consciousness to Should not support any disparaging remarks given about
Curb the Issue of anyone in the social media
Cyber Bullying Should either tell the bully off or post positive comments
about the victim.
Report to the authorities if the bully persists with his ways
Parents
Find time to communicate with their children.
They can also ask to be invited as the Facebook friends of
their children
They should monitor the social development of their
children.
Authorities (The school / college / university authorities)

To be more concerned with the emotional development of
students.
Victims of cyber bullying will be more willing to open up
and share their problems with those who show genuine
concern towards their wellbeing.
Take disciplinary actions on students who are involved in
cyber bullying.
b) Cyber crimes
i) 2 categories of Cyber crimes in Malaysia fall into 2 main categories:
Love scams: usually involved African nationals whose love affairs with local women
Fraudulent online purchases: due to a lack of specific security rules to curb such
scams
ii) According to the Bukit Aman Cyber Crime and Multimedia Criminal Investigation
officer the frequency of cyber crime cases have increased steadily
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Practising Civic Consciousness to Curb the Problem of Cyber Crimes
To be alert of news update about cyber To watch out for family members and friends
crimes If they share about a certain deal that is
Prevent us from falling victim to cyber too good to be true.
crimes Advise them to be cautious of new online
To be aware of the deceptive stratagems acquaintances, to do some background
used by certain syndicates. investigation before they divulge any
personal information, made payments etc.

c) Improper use of social media
Issues in the use of No-barrier communication:

social media Due to the anonymity in the use of social media
some may put on a false identity and spread lies about a
person/matter, lure someone into a fraud or sexual trap.
Widespread circulation:
Information spreads like fire on the social media.
Therefore, a threat to upload suggestive photos/video of
someone can be truly devastating to the victim.
Practising civic Do not act impulsively based on some personal sentiments or due to
consciousness in the some provocations
use of social media need to give ourselves some time to cool down before writing
for the sake of anything in social media
national unity do not vent out frustration and anger.
Do not believe everything that we read in the social media

Some information is merely opinions given by others
Not all posted information are facts.
Take time to reflect on the social harmony that we have achieved

all these years.
Be thankful for the many years of peace and harmony.
Should learn to give and take
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CHAPTER 9: TRANSLATING CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS INTO CIVIC

RESPONSIBILITY CONCRETE AND PRAGMATIC ACTIONS,
VOLUNTEERISM
A. The Need for Concrete and Pragmatic Actions
1. Our finite existence is temporary on earth should choose to live life

to the fullest by developing our potential and making life more
meaningful and happier for the people around us.
2. As an individual, we all have limitations, but as a collective entity we gain strength and we
gain momentum to move ahead, to achieve progress.
3. For us to make this a reality, we should not be contented with merely possessing civic
consciousness or awareness. There is an urgent need for concrete and pragmatic actions.
a. Concrete actions taking definite and specific actions
b. Pragmatic actions taking practical steps to meet the need or a certain perceived lack
in a situation.
c. Without concrete and pragmatic actions:
our awareness will only remain as wishful thoughts in our mind.
there is no civic responsibility for responsibility does not rest merely in what we
say, but more in what we do.
4. In order to fulfill our civic responsibility, firstly, there is a need to build and expand civic
consciousness from the self to the people closest to us in our social circle, like our family
and friends, then to people unknown to us outside of this social circle, our fellow citizens
and even the people beyond the boundary of our country.
5. Then for this civic responsibility to grow and expand within us towards others, we need to
take concrete and pragmatic actions progressively from the stage where we do it for
ourselves, to the stage where we do it for others.
Stage Concrete and pragmatic actions

Self-building Learn skills and to obtain knowledge.
Apply positive values in our life, values that improve
our attitude and create a better person in us.
Better equipped have more to offer to those who are
in need.
Civic responsibility Can do our part by helping our family members in many
towards our family ways possible
Civic responsibility Group assignments, giving moral support etc
towards friends
Civic responsibility Step 1: Do what works
towards community and Design a systemic solution.
the nation Build on what works we do not need to start from
scratch, instead we can pick up where others have left
off.
Measure, evaluate, improve, repeat when measure
and evaluate the performance of the solutions that we
42
have implemented, we can be sure that we are making

active progress towards our goal, where our resources
have been effectively utilized.
Challenge what works, innovate, keep what works
here, we learn to modify and improve strategies and
techniques with a proven track record.
Step 2: Work together

Whether we choose to start a new group or we join an
existing volunteering organization, we need the strength
and change that comes from collective action.
Balance starting and strengthening

Cultivate community ownership
Foster team unity.
Forge partnerships helps to accelerate our journey
towards a meaningful, lasting change.
Step 3: Make it last
Start small, then scale what works to make a lasting

impact, we need to grow at the right rate.
Engineer self-sustainable solutions. The first principle
of self-sustainability is strategically planning for the
future. Then we need to build institutional knowledge.
Intergrate social entrepreneurship.
Share what works so that fellow leaders and social
innovators can build on what we found to work.
B. Volunteerism
1. How to find the right volunteer opportunity
There are numerous volunteer opportunities available. The key is to find a volunteer position that
you would enjoy and are capable of doing. Its also important to make sure that your
commitment matches the organizations needs. The following questions can help you narrow
your options:
a. Would you like to work with people or would you rather work in solitude?
b. Are you better behind the scenes or do you prefer to take a more visible role?
c. How much time are you willing to commit?
d. How much responsibility are you ready to take on?
e. What skills can you bring a volunteer job?
f. What causes are important to you?
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2. Where to find volunteer opportunities
a. Community theaters, museums, and monuments

b. Libraries or senior centers
c. Service organizations such as the Lions club or Rotary clubs
d. Youth organizations, sports teams, and after-school programs
e. Historical restorations and national parks
f. Places of worship such as mosques, churches or the temples
g. Online databases, like http://dosomething.gd and http://beta.dogoodvolunteer.com.
3. Getting the most out of volunteering:
Ask questions Make sure that the experience is right for your skills, your
goals, and the time you want to spend.
Asking questions to your volunteer coordinator might help
address your time commitment, if theres any training
involved, who you will be working with, and what to do if
you have questions during your experience.
Make sure you know Before starting, make sure you are comfortable with the
whats expected. organization, know what is expected, and understand the
time commitment.
Consider starting small so that you dont over commit
yourself at first. Give yourself some flexibility to change
your focus if needed.
Dont be afraid to Speak up if your experience isnt what you had expected.
make a change. Dont force yourself into a situation that doesnt suit you.
Talk to the organization about changing your focus or
consider looking for another match.
Enjoy yourself Most importantly, make sure youre having fun!

The best volunteer experiences benefit both the volunteer
and the organization.
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4. Types of Volunteering
a. Skills-based volunteering
Skills-based volunteering is leveraging the specialized skills and talents of individuals to

strengthen the infrastructure of nonprofit organisations and helping them build and sustain
their capacity to successfully achieve their missions.
In contrast to traditional volunteering, where specific training is not required.
b. Volunteering in developing countries
Refers to volunteering in needy communities in developing nations. For example, Next

Generation Nepal (NGO) set by Conor Grenman, helps to take children off the streets of
Nepal, by giving them education, shelter and eventually return the children to their native
villages.
Most of the volunteers from developed countries choose the third world as their
volunteering destination, and spend their time working in resource poor schools, teaching,
working in orphanages and so on.
Nowadays, volunteering has also been termed as an international community service. An
able volunteer will pledge their time to work in the international community for various
development activities.
c. Virtual volunteering ( e-volunteering or online volunteering)
The volunteers complete tasks, in whole or in part, offsite from the organization being
assisted.
They use the Internet and a home, school, telecenter or work computer or other Internet-
connected device, such as a PDAs or smartphone.
Virtual volunteering is similar to telecommuting, except that instead of online employees
who are paid, these are online volunteers who are not paid.
d. Micro-volunteering
An unpaid task that is operated via an internet-connected device and completed in small
increments of time.
Distinct from virtual volunteering does not require an application process or training
period.
e. Environmental volunteering
Volunteers contribute towards environmental management or conservation.

Volunteers conduct a range of activities including environmental monitoring, ecological
restoration such as re-vegetation and weed removal, protecting endangered animals, and
educating others about the natural environment.
45
Giant Panda Conservation program in Xi'an and Sichuan, China is a famous endangered
animals protection program. Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries conservation program
attracts huge foreign support and volunteers.
f. Volunteering in an emergency
In the recovery effort following natural disasters, such as tsunamis, floods, droughts, and
earthquakes.
g. Volunteering in schools
Resource poor schools around the world rely on government support, or on efforts from
volunteers and private donations, in order to run effectively.
In some countries, whenever the economy is down, the need for volunteers and resources
increases greatly.
Volunteering in schools can be an additional teaching guide for the students and help to fill
the gap of local teachers. Cultural and language exchange during teaching and other school
activities can be the most essential learning experience for both students and volunteers.
h. Corporate volunteering
Some companies allow their employees to volunteer during work hours a part of the
companies' sustainability efforts and their social responsibility activities.
Khe key drivers for companies that adopt corporate volunteering building brand
awareness and affinity, strengthening trust and loyalty among consumers, enhancing
corporate image and reputation, improving employee retention, increasing employee
productivity and loyalty, and providing an effective vehicle to reach strategic goals.
i. Community voluntary work
Volunteers work to improve community enhancement efforts in the area in which they live.
Neighborhood, church, and community groups play a key role in building strong cities.
Supporting these understaffed groups can enable them to succeed in a variety of areas,
which connect social, environmental, and economic boundaries. Volunteers can conduct a
wide range of activities.
j. International workcamps
An International workcamp is an international voluntary project in which participants from

different countries can meet, live, work, learn and exchange experience with local people
concerning issues about environmental conservation, cultural heritage, social justice, rural
and human development, etc.
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5. The Need to Undergo Internship or Training

Some organisations, like MERCY and MAKNA, arranges internship or training programmes
for volunteers in order to help them to serve the community with a proper vision and mission,
besides being trained with the necessary skills to meet the needs of the people.
6. The Benefits of Volunteering for the Young People
a) An opportunity to have fun while learning outside the class-room based learning
environment
b) An opportunity to make a difference in someone's life.
c) A healthy opportunity, as it gets the young people to be more physically active.
d) Gaining skills when taking part in the training provided by volunteering organisations.
e) Gaining work experience, especially if the voluntering work is related to ones future
prospective career like, social work, counselling, nursing, teaching and so forth.
f) Personal and social development.
enlarge their capacity for empathy towards mankind
increase self-esteem and self-confidence
sense of pride; feeling needed and valued.
learn to mingle around with people of all ages, and from different backgrounds
learn team-spirit and team-work learn the power of unity as a team and realise that
there is a positive impact when there is collective strength.
7. Being the Right Person to Volunteer
Most organisations would expect the volunteers to:
a. Uphold the mission and objectives of the organisation

b. Deliver aid and care with the highest level of compassion, professionalism and care
c. Maintain personal satisfactory health, physical and mental stamina.
d. Be accountable to the organization not to do things that will damage the good name of
the organization.
e. The most important ingredient needed to do this work is SINCERITY.
Lets take a look at a poem by Mother Teresa to see the kind of person that we should be
to do good:
Anyway
People are often unreasonable, illogical and self centered;

Forgive them anyway.
If you are kind, people may accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives;
Be kind anyway.
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If you are successful, you will win some false friends and some true enemies;
Succeed anyway.
If you are honest and frank, people may cheat you;

Be honest and frank anyway.
What you spend years building, someone could destroy overnight;

Build anyway.
If you find serenity and happiness, they may be jealous;

Be happy anyway.
The good you do today, people will often forget tomorrow;

Do good anyway.
Give the world the best you have, and it may never be enough;
Give the world the best you've got anyway.
You see, in the final analysis, it is between you and your God;
It was never between you and them anyway.
8. The Governments Initiatives in Promoting Volunteerism in Malaysia

a. The National Service Training Programme (Program Latihan Khidmat Negara
(PLKN)
The objectives of the PLKN are to:
i. Develop a young generation who are patriotic and have love and devotion for their
country
ii. Enhance unity among the multi-racial communities in the country
iii. Instill a spirit of caring and volunteerism amongst people in the society
iv. Produce an active, intelligent and confident generation
v. Develop positive characteristics among the younger generation through good
values
vi. Develop a generation that is obedient and loyal to the government
The 4 official modules in the programme have been instrumental in instilling the sense
of civic consciousness among the young generation:
i. Physical Module survival training and first aid training are given to build the
physical stamina of the young people.
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ii. Nation Building Module- issues pertaining to the nation's history, sovereignty and
dignity, as well as citizen's responsibility to the nation are delivered in order to the
trainees to create a sense of civic consciousness towards the nation.
iii. Character Building Module- trainees are taught to develop their potential through
Module A which speaks about Bringing Out The Best In Me, while the second
module, Module B on Bringing Out The Best In Others, helps them to be more civic
conscious towards the people around them. The trainees are instilled with good
values and Self-confidence, leadership and self-evaluation.
iv. Community Service Module - Trainees are sent in groups to places in surrounding
areas to give the trainees a chance to serve the society. The service is about building
and restoring public amenities. It also teaches them environmental restoration and
protection as well.
b. Rukun Tetangga
The Rukun Tetangga is a volunteering programme that was established by the

government in 1975.
Get volunteers from a certain community to come together for a security watch to
prevent crime in the housing areas.
Organises other community-based activities like gotong-royong (cleaning up), and
sport activities etc to strengthen the chord of unity among the people of different racial
backgrounds.
c. MAKNA Introductory Programme (MIP)
MIP is one of the three compulsory training modules, which every MAKNA volunteers
requires to undergo before being designated a Trained Volunteer. This training equips
volunteers with the necessary knowledge and information about MAKNA and the services
it provides to cancer patients, their families, high-risk groups and the public.
The programme is also an opportunity for MAKNA to get to know its volunteers. MIP
sessions also provide an avenue for volunteers to identify their areas of interest or expertise
they would like to volunteer and contribute.
Activities include: fundraising events, cancer awareness education, recreational activities
with cancer patients, home visit / hospital visit, cancer support group and technical
activities (eg: line dancing, patch work, making hair clips, make baskets)
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CHAPTER 10: TRANSLATING CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS

INTO CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY -- VOLUNTEERISM
A. Volunteerism
Volunteerism has taken roots in every generation in many
places.
Volunteerism takes various forms and it embraces humankind, irrespective of race a nd
culture. It strengthens human ties across geographical, political and ideological boundaries.
Volunteerism manifests the durable and tested human spirit of a man.
1. Key Concepts And Values
Key Concepts
Altruism the principle or practice of unselfish concern for or
devotion to the welfare of others.
Spiritual quest and actively searching for the meaning and purpose in life, to
fulfillment become a more self-aware and enlightened person, and to
find answers to lifes mysteries and big questions
find spiritual fulfillment when they do good unto others,
without expecting anything in return
A sense of mission, carrying out an assignment to create a certain ideal
idealism situation, and to fill in a certain lack or limitation
Eg: the mission to empower single mothers in the country.
Active citizenship realise their rights as citizens of a country
fulfill their responsibilities as citizens in the country
Empowerment establishes and strengthens those who are in need.
Educational process a lot of hand-on experiential learning.
Social cause and each society has its sets of problems, such as poverty,
commitment discrimination, inequality, that need to be addressed
assist the government in combating the social ills in the
country; it assists the government in creating a better
society for the people.
Propagation of honesty, justice, solidarity and respect.
universal human
values
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The Values
a) For volunteerism to find value, to hold some meaning to the young generation today,
there is a practical need for those who are more civic conscious to reinvent its value
according to the dimension of the youths today.
b) Volunteerism is about fighting together young and old -- in one spirit and in one soul
for the social cause of the nation.
c) In order to inculcate and encourage volunteerism among young people need to
understand the changes taking place around us and, in particular, those that are directly
affecting young people. Example: economy, technology (including the media, cyber
world), and culture and value system (ideology).
d) The young people are undergoing various physical, psychological, emotional and
cognitive changes. Thus, their attitudes and behaviours, responses and reactions toward
volunteerism, have to be understood in those contexts, including the dramatic changes
taking place in the young people themselves.
e) Ways to increase civic responsibilities through volunteerism:
Promotional efforts systematically promote and inculcate volunteer interest

through the media and technology, the internet, sports and
recreation, theatre, popular literature, travel/tourism,
music and songs, entertainment
Research work basic profiles of volunteers and volunteer organizations,
areas of interest among different categories of the
population, volunteer time, motivation, and the likely
impact of volunteer efforts on the society
Start young family volunteerism, school activities and community-
based programmes which start with basics such as concern
and care for the needy, the environment, civic awareness
and engagement, etc. could lead the way, go a long way in
developing a caring attitude.
2. Volunteering Opportunities Among The Young

a) Volunteering opportunities come about through programmes and facilities provided by
the government, the voluntary organizations and the private sector.
b) Creating opportunities or space for the involvement of young people have to raise
the question of how power and control is exercised or practiced in our societies.
c) Power and control
reflect the views and the expectations of the authorities with regards to the
participation and role of young people (availability of political space for that
participation and role, the nature and extent of involvement)
affect resource allocation and distribution which contributes to volunteer efforts.
d) Young people tend to respond to what they perceive to be the established way of the
dominant society:
in the nurture system (in the family setting, the community, etc.)
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in the schooling system.
e) Volunteerism must come out and rise from below.

Initiative by the state may not have positive long-term effects on the creativity and
initiative of the young.
f) Volunteerism also advocates active grass-root involvement supports the notion of
democracy.
g) Opportunities and support must come hand in hand.
To empower the young, not to do things for them, or seize initiative away from them.
Lending support and providing assistance should not create long-term dependency
among the young stifling their creativity, innovation, leadership potential and
entrepreneurship.
h) Encouraging young people to come forward to jointly and actively tackle and manage
their own situations.
i) The society needs a support system that can be featured together with the programmes.
j) To understand the dramatic changes which affect the present-day contexts of
volunteerism, we need to assess the personal, biological and social development of the
young people with respect to volunteerism.
k) Need to creatively interpret and give new, relevant meanings to the young people in
order to capture the new person in our young people today.
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CHAPTER 11: TRANSLATING CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS INTO

CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY --FUNDRAISING
A. Benefits of Fundraising
Fundraising is the effort of gathering contributions in one form or

another and a way to get resources that would otherwise be unavailable.
Can reach people Attracts more than the organizers circle of friends and heir circles.
otherwise out of It draws people in, perhaps even from around the world
reach.
Can accomplish Can only offer so much in terms of time and resources. A fundraiser
much more brings many people with their own resources and monetary strength
to back up the goal
Can create Brings people with similar goals together

connections
Can find volunteers Can find volunteers to man and run the fundraising events. Those
same volunteers may then be called upon for different projects
B. Problems with Fundraising
1. Lack of trust from the public

2. Lack of resources from the public
3. The fear of rejection.
C. Overcoming Fear in Fundraising: Knowledge and Practice

1. Knowledge
a. People have been fundraising for a long time. Over that time, people have learned what
works, and what doesnt.
b. Instead, study the basics of fundraising: how to make an ask, how to hold an event, how to
find prospects and build a fundraising network. Study what works, and what doesnt, and
learn from those who have been there before.
2. Practice
a. Need to actually get out there and do some real fundraising: make some asks, write some
letters, hold some events. The best way to learn fundraising is by doing it.
b. In the beginning feel a little unsure and awkward in the beginning.
Armed with the knowledge you gain from your research will be fundraising like a real
professional.
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D. How to Ask Anyone for Anything
The three important areas to consider in making an ask are: relationships, planning, and process.
1. Relationships Matter
a. Build relationships with your prospects ask them to come to a free event, read your case
for support, sign-up for your newsletter, volunteer at your office.
b. Get them involved (or at least have one introductory conversation about your charity that
is not based on seeking a donation), then ask them to give. Build relationships that last,
whenever possible.
2. Planning the Ask
Decide who you are asking: .

Decide what you are asking for
Understand that there will be nos
But expect a Yes:
Show people how they can make a concrete difference or reach a concrete goal:
3. Planning a Successful Fundraising Event
The success of a fundraising event depends on careful planning. You should have a written event
plan for the event.
Here are ten major components that you must incorporate into your event plan:
Purpose Decide what the purpose of your event is.
Fundraising goal Must decide what amount of money you plan to raise at the event. If this
is truly a fundraising event, then everything in the event plan will be
geared to raising this specific amount of money (amount you plan to raise
after expenses are deducted).
Budget A complete budget listing all of the expenses that will be required to hold
the event. Your budget should take into account your fundraising goal,
ensuring that you raise that amount above and beyond all expenses. Leave
a little extra room in your budget for unforeseen costs
Leadership Host committee responsible for contributing substantial amounts to

the event and encouraging others to do the same. The host committee is
generally composed of wealthy donors, business leaders, or local
celebrities
Target Audience Everyone in general or specific groups
Set-up All of the particulars of the actual event
Eg: date, time, location, attire, the itinerary for the event.
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Marketing Convince your supporters that your organization and event are worthy of
their time and money. Draw up an entire marketing plan for the event
Sales There must be a procedure in place for making the actual ticket sales, or
accepting sponsorships for the event
Practice Everyone who is working the event should know, ahead of time, what
their responsibilities are, where they should be during the event, and how
the event is going to flow.
Thank you ** Make sure to take the time to send thank-you notes to everyone who is
involved in your event, including contributors, volunteers, staff and
vendors
4. Preparing the written plan for the fundraising event
The Goal The best starting point for your plan is with the end point in mind: what
is your overall fundraising goal? This number should not be drawn out
of thin air. It should be based on the needs of the organization.
The Mission / Your Answers the questions:
Message Why do you need it? What is your organizations mission? What do
you plan to do with the money you raise? What is your operating budget,
and why is it the amount it is?
The Tactics How you are going to raise the full amount?
The Timeline Need to have a far more detailed timelines that list not only big picture
goals, but also all of the small goals that go into making that big goal a
reality.
Timeline planning will force you to think critically through your
fundraising decisions, and provide invaluable guidance on your
activities as the time progresses.
6. Preparing the Case Statement (mission / message)
Here are the key concepts which need to be included in every case:
An Emotional Opening - Donors and prospects will use the first paragraph or two of your
case statement to decide whether or not the rest of the document is worth reading.
Your Mission and Vision Why does your organization exist? Why should people care?
What is your big, bold vision for the future?
History of the Organization Give a brief summary of the founding of your organization and
a short history of its work to date.
Explanation of Your Programs Tell the reader what programs you are currently running.
Give a short explanation of each.
55
Outcomes and Proof of Impact Show proof that what you are doing is worthwhile. Use
statistics and charts, but more importantly, tell the stories of those you have helped, use
testimonials, and then back those up with the numbers.
Financial Needs How much money does your organization need to raise? Why does it need
to raise that amount (what will it be used for?) Why do you need to raise it now?
Means of Support Give your reader different ways to support your efforts. Briefly spell
those out here.
10. Fundraising Ideas
Hold a Party Get entertainment and food donated and charge a ticket fee for each guest.
Hold a Competition The top winners receive donated prizes.
Selling Food / drinks prepare something healthful, yet appetizing and sell them to the
public
Karaoke Style Have participants raise pledges for their commitment to lip-sync and sell
tickets to the performance.
Working at the Car Wash Coordinate group members to wash cars in a high traffic
location for donations.
Cook Off Solicit local celebrities to enter their best dishes and have people pay to vote
on the winners.
Selling Homemade Crafts bracelets, cards, baskets etc
Go Hairless Volunteers commit to shaving their heads if a specified amount is raised by
a deadline.
Skip a Meal Sponsors commit to giving up a meal together and give the money saved to
the designated cause.
Holiday Shop Collect new and gently used items from your volunteers and resell them in
gift baskets at a holiday shop.
Rent-a-Worker - Volunteers commit to working for an afternoon doing any odd jobs
sponsors hire them to do.
Hold a sports tournament that will offer reduced greens fees and get prizes donated. Getting
local celebrities to participate will draw more participants.
Diva it Up Design and sell t-shirts advertising your groups cause.
Social Media Call Let potential donors know about your fundraising need through
Facebook and Twitter.
Eat for a Cause Ask a local restaurant to donate 10% of their profits on a designated night
for your cause in exchange for encouraging supporters to eat there.
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RESPONSIBILITY (EXTRAORDINARY DEEDS BY ORDINARY MALAYSIANS &
PHILANTHROPISTS)
1. Extraordinary Deeds by Ordinary Malaysians
The Story of the Starfish
A little boy who was walking along a beach where thousands of

starfish had been washed ashore.
He picked them up one by one and threw them back to the sea.
A man approached the boy and asked: What are you doing?
The boy said: Throwing starfish back into the ocean. The surf is
up and the tide is going out. If I don't throw them back, they'll die.
The man said: Son, don't you realise there are miles and miles of beach and hundreds of
starfish? You can't make a difference!
The boy listened politely, then bent down, picked up another starfish, and threw it back
into the surf.
Smiling at the man, he said: I made a difference for that one.
Lessons learnt:
Do not underestimate the significance of the Make a difference, one life at a time
small group of people.
The problems may seem so big and History is full of examples of how
insurmountable compared to the number individuals have made the difference.
of people who have a new vision of a just
and gentle world Albert Einstein once said: Try not to
become a man of success, but rather try to
However, the quality of a culture may be become a man of value.
changed when 2% of its people have a
new vision.
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a) Teresa Lim Sim Lee
Extraordinary Deeds Lessons learnt

All she wanted was to serve people - now she is saving Dedication: Teresa has been
lives training hard for the past 19
Teenage she wanted to dedicate her life to serving years to be a Fire Rescue
people. volunteer
After completing her secondary education joined the Willing to share her
Malaysian Volunteer and Fire Rescue Association knowledge and experience
(MVFRA). with others by providing
For her dedication, Lim received the Iron Lady 2013 public education
Award from the Road Safety Marshal Club recently. Put her training into full use
Has to train hard almost every Sunday for the past 19 by volunteering her service in
years and volunteer her services. many cases of accidents and
Attend to emergencies such as road accidents and other natural disasters.
disasters.
Had also served in Aceh in the aftermath of the 2004
tsunami, the Philippines after typhoon Ketsana made
landfall in 2009.
Had attended to more than a hundred accident cases, as
well as served during floods and fires.
Very active in public education, which was widely
conducted by MVFRA.
b) Idris Mohamad

In 2000 saw the news on TV3 that 18-month-old Showing compassion even to
Nurul Afiqah had chronic liver failure and desperately a stranger who is in need
needed a transplant. Be ready to face health risks
Without hesitation, Idris donated half of his liver to Spread the awareness on
Nurul, saving the toddlers life. organ donation to others.
She had 18 other potential donors, but Idris was the only
one who had a suitable liver.
After the surgery in a coma for three days and he had
to stay in the hospital for another month besides a further
two months at home.
Eventually made a full recovery and is now fit as a fiddle.
Became an active advocate of organ donation and
encourages others to do the same.
Set up a Facebook page, Sejuta Penderma Organ.
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How is Nurul now?

A healthy teenager but is still required to take anti-rejection
medicine and keep a healthy diet in order to keep her liver
functioning properly.
c) Chew Hoong Ling

In 2009, donated 60% of her liver to a 13-year-old girl Showing compassion even to
suffering from liver cancer. a stranger who is in need.
The young girl was a stranger whose plight Chew came Should never regret doing
across in a forwarded email. good unto others even though
Initial doubts not 100% sure that she had wanted to do the outcome may not be
it. according to our expectation.
Her friends advice if she had made up her mind to do Spread the awareness on
it, she should not look back mentally prepared her to organ donation to others
move forward after the donation, regardless of the
outcome of the transplant.
The girl did not survive passed away eight months
after the operation.
Chew does not regret her decision one of the highest
act of compassion and altruism.
Has also put time and effort into various organisations
and social activities like Voice for Women, which she
founded.
d) Dr C.S. Kumar

In August 2011, Dr C.S. Kumar, who is also a Use our ability to make a
consultant orthopaedic surgeon, did more than just difference for others.
slowing down his car to witness a car accident at the Be quick to take action
PLUS Expressway. especially in an emergency.
A BMW and a Proton Waja collided, causing the Do not just stand as a passive
Waja to burst into flames. witness if there is something
Dr Kumar and his brother-in-law: that we can do to help.
rushed to the burning car
broke down the windows to get the drivers and
three other passengers, including a toddler, out from
the car.
resuscitate the toddler, using mouth-to-mouth and
mouth-to-nose resuscitation one-and-a-half
minutes later, she began to cry.
59
e) Lim Ee Chian and Ying Wei Ee

For over a decade, commuters have had to stand for hours at Instead of waiting, we can
the bus stop opposite the Kelana Jaya LRT station, while choose to do something to
waiting for the bus to arrive, improve a situation.
Do not just focus on ourselves
What did Lim Ee Chian and Ying Wei Ee do? as we all can do something
built makeshift seating through The Chair Project good for the community
bought several pieces of plywood with RM200 from their Have faith in doing what is
own pockets and made six stools on their own. right for others.
for 3 hours almost every week, they brought the stools to
the bus stop to let commuters rest their weary bodies and
tired feet.
filmed their work and post the video on YouTube
started an online petition and also wrote to the PJ mayor
to request for seats at the bus stop.
Within a month, the local council replied and accepted their
proposal metal benches sprouted at the bus stop.
Why did they do it?

Wanted to solve problems, to meet a need.
Get people to participate in the project
However, they encountered;

Cynicism and even suspicion
Discouragement, that the project was a waste of time.
Belittlement, that the authorities wouldn't care about the
problem.
f) Alex Au Yong and Daniel Lee

Alex Au-Yong Fund-raising activities are a
running to raise money for charity successfully practical way to help the
completed a 100km charity run to raise funds for the underprivileged ones.
underprivileged children. Do not allow our disabilities
believes that everyone can do more to help others. stop us from doing good.
Spread the awareness of a
Daniel Lee charity event so that others
has osteogenesis imperfecta, shares similar inspiration. can do their part to help others
taking part in marathons, racing in his wheelchair, in year
2012 with Alex Au-Yong.
60
2. Philanthropists of Malaysia
A philanthropist is someone who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others. A
philanthropist makes charitable donations intended to increase human well-being.
a) Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary
Philanthropic deeds Lessons learnt
Born in 1952, into a middle-low class of Hadhrami Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al-
Arab ancestry. Bukhary believes that when
Due in part his family's mediocre-to-poor background we make money, we have to
started working in his early life, while pursuing his give it away.
primary and secondary studies. Parents play an important
Charity has been a way of life since he was a child. role in sowing the seeds of
6 years old gave the money that was meant for a good deeds.
haircut to a beggar. We do not need to wait until
Grew up in an environment of give and take. "It is we are rich before we share
about the community and not the individual. We were our wealth with the less
all poor, but we were not greedy, focusing only on fortunate.
our family's needs.
His mother played an important role in instilling this
value in all her children.
The family value has endured.
When he started his rice trading business, his mother
urged him to contribute to the poor, regardless of race
or religion.
half of his income of RM1,500 to be donated to 15
needy families in his multicultural village.
This practice continues till this day, with poor
families receiving RM50 every month.
In 1996 incorporated the Albukhary Foundation to
institutionalise his charitable activities.
In 2001 the foundation launched the AlBukhary
Tuition Programme to help rural schoolchildren
In 2005 launched the Albukhary Scholarship
Programme for high achievers unable to afford
tertiary education. Recipients were from poor
communities in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and the
Middle East.
His uniqueness he started his charitable work
while he was still a struggling rice trader. He did not
wait until he became a rich man to share his wealth
with the less fortunate.
61
In 2008, Malaysia honoured him as Tokoh Ma'al

Hijrah 1429H, or Man of the Year 2008, in
recognition of his contributions to the country. That
same year, he was recognised as one of the leading
philanthropists in Asia by Forbes.
b) Robert Kuok
He set up The Kuok Foundation with his family in We have the social
1970 to alleviate poverty and to reduce the economic responsibility to share our
disparities between the rich and poor communities in wealth with the less
Malaysia. fortunate.
The Kuok family firmly believed in its social Invest money in providing
responsibility to share its wealth and good fortune educational opportunities to
with the less fortunate. the less fortunate.
Invest money in promoting
Study Loans, Grants and Scholarships medical research as the
medical findings will benefit
Study loans, grants, half-loan half-grants were given society.
to needy and deserving Malaysian students pursuing
undergraduate courses at local public universities and
selected private universities/colleges
Study grants were awarded for Diploma and
Certificate level courses at Malaysian polytechnics
and nursing colleges.
Some awards were also given to Malaysian citizens
studying in Singapore Public Universities and
Polytechnics.
A few scholarships were also given at postgraduate
level for specific field of study.
Advancement of Education
To improve educational facilities, the Foundation
donated generously towards the building and
development funds of schools and institutions of
higher learning. It is particularly supportive of rural
schools.
To promote medical research, the Foundation
sponsors a yearly research Award named the Tun
Abdul Razak Research Award organized by the
62
Academy of Medicine of Malaysia to Malaysian

doctors for medical research.
c) Ananda Krishnan
Received a philanthropic gifta scholarship to earn A philanthropic favour may

his undergraduate degree at Melbourne University. create a positive cycle of
Made a point of returning the philanthropic favor. good deeds.
In 1985 helped the Live Aid rock concert project We ought to pay back to
that raised some $240 million around the world for society when we have
African famine relief. achieved success
Has donated tens of millions to education, the arts, Helping the underprivileged
sports and humanitarian causes in Malaysia. by developing their talents /
Main focus: Developing talent through university skills
scholarships, school programs and other support.
Help orphaned and underprivileged girls gain
vocational skills.
His focus on learning is significant because the
Malaysian government began in 1996 to shift toward
greater reliance on the private sector to fund higher
education.
63

RESPONSIBILITY: NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS
1. NGOs: Introduction
Definition Any kind of private organization that is independent from

government control
it is not-profit and non-criminal
It is not simply an opposition political party.
Types ORIENTATION type of activities it takes on.
Charitable Orientation
Little participation by the "beneficiaries".
Activities: meeting the needs of the poor.
Service Orientation
Activities: the provision of health, family planning or education services
People are expected to participate in its implementation and in receiving the
service.
Participatory Orientation
Self-help projects where local people are involved particularly in the
implementation of a project
Activities: contributing cash, tools, land, materials, labour etc.
Empowering Orientation
Help poor people develop a clearer understanding of the social, political and
economic factors affecting their lives
Strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their
lives.
OPERATION the scale at which an organization works (local, regional,
international or national)
Community-based Organizations (CBOs)

Arise out of people's own initiatives
Aims to raise the consciousness and rights of the people.
Citywide Organizations
Includes chambers of commerce and industry, coalitions of business, ethnic
or educational groups
Also includes associations of community organizations.
National NGOs
Include national organizations, like the Red Cross, YMCA/YMWAs
Some have state and city branches and assists local NGOs
International NGOs
Range from secular agencies to religiously motivated groups.
They can be responsible for funding local NGOs, institutions and projects
and implementing projects.
64
Contributions Helping to foster a democratically inclined and socially aware citizenry

of Malaysian Bringing key issues to public attention
NGOs Nurturing a significant core group within civil society able to rally mass
opinion at crucial junctures in support of political, social and economic
reforms
2. Women movement NGO
All Womens Action Society (AWAM)
Vision: a just, democratic, and equitable society where all persons, in particular women, are
treated with respect and are free from all forms of violence and discrimination.
Aims to build a movement that informs, connects and mobilises towards:
a) securing womens rights ,
b) bringing about gender equality,
c) building capacities for womens empowerment and social transformation
d) supporting women in crisis.
3. Religious NGOs
Malaysian Muslim Islamic propagation activities emphasizes on building the true

Solidarity (ISMA) Muslim individuals and society.
Aims:
produces well-rounded people and communities, strengthening the
bond of the brotherhood across the nation.
encourages young people to practice good values and develop good
relationships with family members, reducing the tendency to get
involved in unhealthy activities.
The Tzu Chi Tzu Chi, literally "Compassionate Relief", is an international

Foundation or Tzu humanitarian organization and the largest NGO in the Chinese-
Chi speaking world.
Has Buddhist origins and beliefs also well-known for its
selfless contributions to society in numerous ways in the areas of
Charity, Medicine, Education, and Culture.
The official motto = "Four endeavors, eight footprints".
The eight footprints = charity causes, medical contributions,
education development, humanities, international disaster
assistance, bone-marrow donation, community volunteerism, and
environmental protection.
Focus = community service and outreach; specifically, case
management, medical, educational and disaster relief.
65
Malaysia Hindu Aims: It aims to promote religious awareness and spiritual

Dharma practices in the country.
Mamandram Motto = "Race is One, God is One and Love is God.
(MHDM) Service = serve Hindus in Malaysia to strive for excellence and
prosperity through Spiritual and Religious Education and Welfare
Activities
The Salvation Aims: changing lives, serving God through helping mankind.
Army
Its message is based on the Bible. Its ministry is motivated by
love for God. Its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ
and meet human needs in His name without discrimination.
Organising social service programmes, like spiritual guidance,
residential care work with young people, homes for the elderly,
fundraising activities etc.
4. Environmental NGOs
Contributions:
Plays an active, increasingly important role in environmental dialogue.

Work with local governments and business to promote environmentally sound
development.
Provides a grassroots complement to local government.
Malaysian Nature Malaysias largest and oldest non-government environmental

Society (MNS) organisation.
MNS has pioneered environmental conservation in Malaysia for
the last seven decades.
A strong voice for the protection of our countrys natural
heritage.
Promoting and ensuring responsible environmental stewardship
in this country
Vision: For Malaysias natural heritage and rich biological
diversity to be effectively protected, managed and conserved for
the benefit and appreciation of all Malaysians.
Mission: To promote the conservation of Malaysias natural
heritage.
Motto: Know nature, value nature and act for nature
Environmental Objectives:
Protection Society, To prevent environmental deterioration as a result of human
Malaysia (EPSM) activities.
To control human activities that contribute towards deterioration
of our environment.
To inititate measures for the improvement of our environment.
66
To increase public awareness about the state of our environment.
Malaysian Mission: promote a caring Malaysian society through creating

National Animal awareness and a balanced approach to animal welfare for the well being
Welfare of animals and mankind.
Foundation
(MNAWF) Aims and Objectives:
To generate awareness and responsibility of all residents in Malaysia
on animal welfare
To develop strategies and programmes to promote animal welfare.
To undertake projects that will promote understanding and the
practices of animal welfare.
To disseminate information on animal welfare through various
media.
To collect and generate funds to undertake animal welfare projects.
To undertake any other activities related to animal welfare.
To establish linkages with other institutions and organisations,
locally and internationally in matters associated with animal welfare.
5. NGOs for peace movements

Began since some (NGOs) engaged with the government regarding the Gulf War in 1991.
As it developed, the movement came to promote both international human rights and
peaceful means of conflict resolution as well as human rights and democracy at home
National Human Rights Society Suara Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM)

Persatuan Kebangsaan Hak Asasi Manusia
(SUHAKAM)
The functions of SUHAKAM: Initial primary objective campaign for

to promote awareness of and provide the abolition of the ISA and detention
education relating to human rights; without trial.
to advise and assist Government in SUARAM later evolved into other areas
formulating legislations and procedures of human rights and environmental rights.
and recommend the necessary measures to One of the leading human rights
be taken; organisations in Malaysia.
to recommend to the Government with
regard to subscription or accession of
treaties and other international
instruments in the field of human rights;
to inquire into complaints regarding
infringements of human rights.
67
6. Economic-based NGO
Consumers Association Of Penang- MTUC - Malaysian Trade Union Congress

(CAP)
Primary aim ensure a sustainable A federation of trade unions.
model of development that meets the The oldest National Centre
basic needs of the poor and is also representing the Malaysian workers.
socially just and sustainable. Affiliated to the International Trade
Emphasis value for people. Union Confederation (ITUC).
Focus sustainable and ethical The MTUC has been recognized by
consumption the Government as the representative
of workers in Malaysia and is
CAPs publications consulted by the Government on
teach the wider public to be ethical major changes in labour laws
and rational consumers.
educates consumers to change their
habits to simpler and more meaningful
lifestyles
Advocates for appropriate policies and
laws to be in place.
7. The Malaysian Youth Development-based NGOs:
Malaysian Youth The national umbrella of youth organisations in Malaysia.

Council MYC (Majlis Aims to:
Belia Malaysia MBM) instill in Malaysian youths an integrated character in terms
of mind, body and spirit.
promote responsibility, independence, volunteerism and
patriotism among the youth.
Angkatan Belia Islam Promoted Islam through its charity work and education
Malaysia, ABIM (The programs aimed at the poor.
Muslim Youth Supported and assisted Islamic students practicing dakwah,
Movement of Malaysia) the preaching of Islam, and was a crucial organisation in the
early stages of the Malaysian dakwah movement.
Malaysian Indian Youth The largest Indian youth-based national organization in
Council (MIYC) Malaysia.
Vision: developing and empowering Indian Youth in
Malaysia.
Mission: organize, motivate, mobilize and transform the
Indians in order to enhance self-esteem and the quality of
life as the way of life for all Indians in the social and
economic development.
68
8. The Malaysian Healthcare- based NGOs
Malaysian AIDS Foundation Mercy Malaysia-Malaysian Medical Relief Society

(A medical volunteer relief organization)
Aims: Mission providing medical relief, sustainable

Prevent the spread of HIV in health related development and risk reduction
Malaysia; activities for vulnerable communities in both
Increase public awareness and crisis and non-crisis situations.
knowledge on HIV issues; The core values of MERCY are:
Support Malaysians living with a) Motivation: highly motivated and passionate
HIV, b) Excellence: do the right things in the right
Protect the rights of people living way; we are accountable to beneficiaries and
with HIV and AIDS donors
c) Respect: show trust and respect in all
interactions
d) Collaborations: Working with peers, partners
and volunteers to build each others strength
and enhance the impact for beneficiaries
e) Yearn to Serve: go the extra mile to help
those in need
9. The Malaysian Heritage and Culture based NGO
Badan Warisan Malaysia (Malaysian Heritage Trust)
Focus: conservation and preservation of Malaysia's monument-based heritage.

Activities the preservation of significant heritage structures and sites throughout
Malaysia
Example: preservation of Rumah Bomoh and Rumah Kutai in Perak.
69
FINAL EXAMINATION (40%)
1. Out of 4 short essay questions, students have to answer 2 questions.

2. Each question is broken down into 2 sub-questions, (a) and (b).
3. Sub-question (a) is fact-based, while in sub-question (b), students are required to express their
opinions regarding the issue posed in the question.
4. Each question carries 50 marks.
5. The duration of the final examination is 1 hour.
Note to examination candidates:
1. Number of required points:
Sub-question (a) Provide 4 main points and each main point has to be supported by
Fact-based another 2 explanations.
Sub-question (b) Provide 3 main points and each main point has to be supported by
Opinion-based another 3 explanations.
2. All answers shall be written in complete sentences and in essay format:
Correct () Incorrect (X)
No smoking should be allowed inside the toilet. No smoking inside the toilet
The fallen ash will dirty the floor. It will also - Fallen ash will dirty the floor.
cause the toilet to smell of cigarette smoke. - Causing the toilet to smell of
cigarette smoke
3. Write in separate paragraphs
Each paragraph shall contain1 main point and its supporting explanation.
Section (a) 4 paragraphs of answers (each paragraph = 3 sentences)

Section (b) 3 paragraphs of answers (each paragraph = 4 sentences)
70

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CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS AND

CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW AND CIVIC CONCEPTIONS

Civic in relation to a citizen, a city, citizenship, or community affairs

Civic Awareness of ones legal and political status in the country

2. Civic consciousness in a broad sense:

The rational cognition of Rational understanding concerning:

3. Factors for the lack of civic consciousness

Overshadowed by a - Students: too busy with academic pursuits

Do not fully understand - Do not realise the importance of such information

No interest in the - Prefer to focus on present issues

Political perspective Social perspective

Since General Election in 2008, Increased awareness on charity and

5. Self-Building Mind, Soul and Body

Mind General definition:

The faculty of consciousness.

The Quran = It is the heart or mind that sees.

In the context of civic consciousness:

The mind = the faculty where the awareness is to take place.

Ways to cultivate the right mind-set of civic consciousness:

Do your homework nourish the brain with a nutritious mix of

Soul General definition:

The incorporeal and immortal essence of a person, living thing, or

In the context of civic consciousness:

Body General definition:

The physical structure of a person, including the bones, flesh, and

The body is the part that:

6. Civic awareness begins from self-building :

7. The National Identity:

Definition According to Harvard Professor, Rupert Emerson says:

A nation is a community of people who:

The ways to Integrated Approach

The Sharing of Cultural Diversity

Practise Civic Consciousness towards other races

Definition A group of people that governs a community.

The Malaysian Malaysia is a parliamentary democracy with a federal

However, there have been political turmoils in recent years

The hope of The elected government will lead by way example

CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPING CONSCIOUSNESS TOWARDS

What is personal potential?

I'm starting with the man in the mirror,

a. Committing to 20-30 minutes of quiet reflection every day.

B. The Importance of Developing Own Potential

1. Need to know which one is our biggest personal strength.

C. Values for the Development of own Potential

Authentic To be genuine, to be real, to be true. We know ourselves to a large extent

Communicative Most of times, our communication is best understood when it is verbally

Disciplined Have a controlled form of behavior or way of working. A person who is

In contrast to this value is a flippant or indifferent attitude. The Malaysians

D. Nature versus Nurtured

Malaysias education is based on the National Philosophy of Education (NPE)

Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential

CHAPTER 3: BUILDING AND EXPANDING MY CIVIC

A. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards the Family

Spiritual wellness The spiritual dimension in families provides many possible

B. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards Friends

C. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards the Community

7. Practice civic consciousness by doing volunteering work

CHAPTER 4: BUILDING AND EXPANDING MY CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS THE

C. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards the Nation

1. Malaysia exhibits unity in diversity for other countries to emulate.

4. Ways to engage in the communities to make better Malaysia

E. Building and Expanding Civic Consciousness Towards the World

There comes a time when we heed a certain call