Word > Security and privacy

Digital signatures and certificates

More and more people and organizations are using digital documents instead of paper documents to

conduct day-to-day transactions. By reducing dependency on paper documents, we are protecting the

environment and saving the planets resources. Digital signatures support this change by providing

assurances about the validity and authenticity of a digital document.

Add or remove a digital signature in Office files

What do you want to do?

What is a digital signature?

Signing certificate and certificate authority

Digital signature assurances

What is a digital signature?

A digital signature is an electronic, encrypted, stamp of authentication on digital information such as e-mail

messages, macros, or electronic documents. A signature confirms that the information originated from the

signer and has not been altered.

The following image is an example of a signature line in Office 2010.

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Signing certificate and certificate authority

Signing certificate To create a digital signature, you need a signing certificate, which proves identity.

When you send a digitally-signed macro or document, you also send your certificate and public key.
Certificates are issued by a certification authority, and like a drivers license, can be revoked. A certificate is

usually valid for a year, after which, the signer must renew, or get a new, signing certificate to establish

identity.

The following image is an example of an electronic certificate.

NOTE You can learn more about public and private keys in this MSDN article.

Certificate authority (CA) A certificate authority is an entity similar to a notary public. It issues digital

certificates, signs certificates to verify their validity and tracks which certificates have been revoked or have

expired. Microsoft Office has several solutions for obtaining certificates through Office Marketplace, Digital

Signing.

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Digital signature assurances

The following terms and definitions show what assurances are provided by digital signatures.

Authenticity The signer is confirmed as the signer.

Integrity The content has not been changed or tampered with since it was digitally signed.

Non-repudiation Proves to all parties the origin of the signed content. Repudiation refers to the act

of a signer denying any association with the signed content.

Notarization Signatures in Microsoft Word 2010, Excel 2010, or PowerPoint 2010 files, which are

time stamped by a secure time-stamp server, under certain circumstances, have the validity of a

notarization.

To make these assurances, the content creator must digitally sign the content by using a signature that

satisfies the following criteria:

The digital signature is valid.

The certificate associated with the digital signature is current (not expired).

The signing person or organization, known as the publisher, is trusted.

IMPORTANT Signed documents, which have a valid time stamp, are considered to have valid

signatures, regardless of the age of the signing certificate.

 The certificate associated with the digital signature is issued to the signing publisher by a reputable

certificate authority (CA).

The following image is an example of certificate information that can be viewed.

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See Also

Active content types in your files

Add or remove a digital signature in Office files
Add, remove, or modify a trusted location for your files
Add, remove, or view a trusted publisher
Digitally sign your macro project
Password Policy
Trusted documents
View digital-signature and certificate details
What is File Block?
What is Protected View?