MATH2014/1st

THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

MATH2014 Multivariable calculus and linear algebra

Solution to Tutorial 8
Date : Nov 14, 2016 Nov 18, 2016

1. (a) S1 is linearly dependent, since it contains the zero vector.

(b) S2is linearly
dependent,
as either of the vectors in S2 is a multiple of the other, i.e
4 10
5
12 = 30 .

2
6 15
(c) S3 is linearly independent. To see S3 is linearly independent, we look
at the reduced

3 2 1
row echelon form instead. The reduced row echelon form of 7 9 0 is

0 0 2

1 0 0
0 1 0, then S3 is linearly independent.

0 0 1
(d) S4 is linearly dependent, because the number of vectors in S4 is larger than the
number of entries.

1 1 1
2 1 8
2. Let A be the matrix whose columns are the vectors , and accordingly.

1 2 1
1 1 5
The vector v belongs to the span of S is equivalent to that Ax = v is consistent. Since

1 0 3 1
0 1 2 2
the reduced row echelon from of [A v] is , Ax = v is consistent. Hence

0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

1 1
2 1
v belongs to the span of S. Note that v = 2 .

1 2
1 1
In the same manner, the vector w belongs to the span of S is equivalent to that Ax = w

1 0 3 0
0 1 2 0
is consistent. Since the reduced row echelon from of [A w] is , Ax = w

0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
is inconsistent. Thus w does not belong to the span of S.

1
3. Transform [A I3 ] into a matrix of the form [I3 B] by means of elementary row operations
as follows:

2r1 + r2 r2
1 2 3 1 0 0 1 2 3 1 0 0
2r1 + r3 r3
2 5 6 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0

3 4 8 0 0 1 0 2 1 3 0 1

2r2 + r3 r3 1 2 3 1 0 0
0 1 0 2 1 0

0 0 1 7 2 1

r3 r3 1 2 3 1 0 0
0 1 0 2 1 0

0 0 1 7 2 1

3r3 + r1 r1 1 2 0 20 6 3
0 1 0 2 1 0

0 0 1 7 2 1

2r2 + r1 r1 1 0 0 16 4 3
0 1 0 2 1 0 .

0 0 1 7 2 1
1
1 2 3 16 4 3
Thus 2 5 6 = 2 1 0 .

3 4 8 7 2 1