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18 Mechanical Properties Which Every Mechanical Engineer Should Know

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By saurabhjain May 24

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industries. This post brings top Thermodyamics (Thermal Engineer 0

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Mechanical
properties of
material:
There are mainly two types of
materials. First one is metal and
other one is non metals. Metals
are classied into two types :
Ferrous metals and Non-ferrous
metals.

Ferrous metals mainly consist

iron with comparatively small
addition of other materials. It
includes iron and its alloy such
as cast iron, steel, HSS etc.
Ferrous metals are widely used
in mechanical industries for its
various advantages.

Nonferrous metals contain little

or no iron. It includes aluminum,
magnesium, copper, zinc etc.

Most Mechanical properties are

associated with metals. These
are

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#1. Strength:

The ability of material to

withstand load without failure is
known as strength. If a material
can bear more load, it means it
has more strength. Strength of
any material mainly depends on
type of loading and deformation
before fracture. According to
loading types, strength can be
classied into three types.

a. Tensile strength:
b. Compressive strength:
3. Shear strength:

According to the deformation

before fracture, strength can be
classied into three types.

a. Elastic strength:
b. Yield strength:
c. Ultimate strength:

#2. Homogeneity:

If a material has same

properties throughout its
geometry, known as
homogeneous material and the
property is known as
homogeneity. It is an ideal
situation but practically no
material is homogeneous.

#3. Isotropy:

A material which has same

elastic properties along its all

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loading direction known as

isotropic material.

#4. Anisotropy:

A material which exhibits

different elastic properties in
different loading direction
known as an-isotropic material.

#5. Elasticity:

If a material regain its original

dimension after removal of load,
it is known as elastic material
and the property by virtue of
which it regains its original
shape is known as elasticity.

Every material possess some

elasticity.It is measure as the
ratio of stress to strain under
elastic limit.

#6. Plasticity:

The ability of material to

undergo some degree of
permanent deformation without
failure after removal of load is
known as plasticity. This
property is used for shaping
material bymetal working. It is
mainly depends on temperature
and elastic strength of material.

#7. Ductility:

Ductility is a property by virtue of

which metal can be drawn into

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wires. It can also dene as a

property which permits
permanent deformation before
fracture under tensile loading.
The amount of permanent
deformation (measure in
percentage elongation) decides
either the material is ductile or
not.

Percentage elongation= (Final

Gauge Length Original Gauge
Length )*100/ Original Gauge
Length

If the percentage elongation is

greater than 5% in a gauge
length 50 mm, the material is
ductile and if it less than 5% it is
not.

#8. Brittleness:

Brittleness is a property by virtue

of which, a material will fail
under loading without signicant
change in dimension. Glass
andcast ironare well known
brittle materials.

#9. Stiffness:

The ability of material to resist

elastic deformation or deection
during loading, known as
stiffness. A material which
offers small change in
dimension during loading is

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09/06/2017 18 Mechanical Properties Which Every Mechanical Engineer Should Know - Material Science - Mechanical Engineering Community

more stiffer. For example steel is

stiffer than aluminum.

#10. Hardness:

The property of a material to

resist penetration is known as
hardness. It is an ability to resist
scratching, abrasion or cutting.

It is also dene as an ability to

resist fracture under point
loading.

#11. Toughness:

Toughness is dened as an
ability to withstand with plastic
or elastic deformation without
failure. It is dened as the
amount of energy absorbed
before actual fracture.

#12. Malleability:

A property by virtue of which a

metal can atten into thin
sheets, known as malleability. It
is also dene as a property
which permits plastic
deformation under compression
loading.

#13. Machinability:

A property by virtue of which a

material can be cut easily.

#14. Damping:

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The ability of metal to dissipate

the energy of vibration or cyclic
stress is called damping. Cast
iron has good damping property,
thats why most of machines
body made by cast iron.

#15. Creep:

The slow and progressive

change in dimension of a
material under inuence of its
safe working stress for long
time is known as creep. Creep is
mainly depend on time and
temperature. The maximum
amount of stress under which a
material withstand during
innite time is known as creep
strength.

#16. Resilience:

The amount of energy absorb

under elastic limit during loading
is called resilience. The
maximum amount of the energy
absorb under elastic limit is
called proof resilience.

#17. Fatigue Strength:

The failure of a work piece under

cyclic load or repeated load
below its ultimate limit is known
as fatigue. The maximum
amount of cyclic load which a
work piece can bear for innite
number of cycle is called fatigue

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09/06/2017 18 Mechanical Properties Which Every Mechanical Engineer Should Know - Material Science - Mechanical Engineering Community

strength. Fatigue strength is

also depend on work piece
shape, geometry, surface nish
etc.

#18. Embrittlement:

The loss of ductility of a metal

caused by physical or chemical
changes, which make it brittle, is
called embrittlement.

Edited yesterday at 12:38 AM by

saurabhjain

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