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SECTION-DLITERATURE (Poetry)
By William Shakespeare
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Summary loZizFke ,d f'k'kq dk] ftldk dke ulZ dh xksnh esa jksuk gSA
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Through Jacques, Shakespeare puts forth the view that nw l jk ,d Low Q y tkus okys ckyd dkA og vfuPNk ls cLrk
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the world is a stage in which human beings play their part. ?klhVrk gqvk ikB'kkyk tkrk gSA rhljk ik=k ,d uo;qod dk gS
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There are seven Acts like seven stages in a mans life. A
tks isze djrk gS og gj le; viuh izsfedk osQ gh ckjs esa lksprk
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person performs multifarious roles in a single life-time. In
the beginning, he is a baby crying in the arms of the nurse. gS vkSj mldh ;kn esa xeZ vkgsa Hkjrk jgrk gSA pkSFkh voLFkk esa og
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Infancy is followed by school-going stage, when he is ,d lSfud dk ik=k fuHkkrk gS tks lnSo vius ns'k osQ fy, vius
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bright-eyed, trudging unwillingly to school. In the third izk.k nsus esa rRij jgrk gS] cgqr tYnckk vkSj vfoosd ls dke
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stage, he grows into a lover, writing poems in praise of his
djus okyk izk.kh gSA
beloved and sighing like a furnace. Then he plays the role
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of a soldier, who is rash, and who willingly sacrifices his vxys ik=k esa og ,d U;k;k/h'k gS] ,d [kkrk&ihrk] /uoku]
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life for honour. In the next role he is a Judge, well-fed, eksVk] vkSj rhoz iSuh n`f"V okyk iq#"kA og ges'kk nwljksa dks ulhgr
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prosperous, fat and fierce-eyed. He is always in a mood of nsrk jgrk gS vkSj viuh cqferk dk izn'kZu djuk pkgrk gSA
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spectacles and slippers. His clothes are loose and legs are
thin and his voice is shrill like that of a child. At the end >wyrs gSa mldh vkokt Hkh cPpksa dh rjg dekksj vkSj iryh gks
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comes the last stage when he loses his memory, teeth, tkrh gSA
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eyes, taste, infact everything. It is like a second childhood vfUre voLFkk esa og fcuk nkr] fcuk vk[kksa dh jks'kuh okyk]
as he has to depend on others for everything. Thus ends
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fcuk kcku esa Lokn dk] fcuk Le.kZ 'kfDr okyk izk.kh jg tkrk gSA
the drama of his eventful life.
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fo'o izfl dfo vkSj ukVddkj fofy;e 'ksDlfi;j osQ ,d (;kn jgs bl dfork esa ys[kd osQ le; osQ thou dh :ijs [kk
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izfl ukVd ,sk ;w ykbd bV ls ;g dfork yh xbZ gSA fn[kkbZ xbZ gSA)
ukVd osQ ,d ik=k tSd ,d Hkk"k.k nsrk gS fd gj izk.kh osQ
thou esa lkr voLFkk, vkrh gSaA tSd dk Hkk"k.k lalkj esa cgqr Word-Meaning
Players actors Time lifetime Parts roles
izfl gks x;k vkSj gj Hkk"kk esa mldk o.kZu gqvkA tSd ,d nq[kh
Ages stages Whining grumbling Sighing
izk.kh Fkk blfy, mldk n`f"Vdks.k udkjkRed gSA drawing deep breath Ballad song Jealous in
tS Dl dfork os Q }kjk euq "; dks ,d vfHkus r k os Q :i esa honour keen to guard his reputation Bubble
fn[kkrs gSa ] tks ja xeap ij vkdj viuh Hkwf edk fuHkk dj pyk reputation short-lived glory Justice judge
tkrk gSA izR;sd euq"; dks eap ij lkr Hkwfedk, fuHkkuh gksrh gSA Lined filled with
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Old age getting weak and lean due to
(b) All have their exits and their entrances. Exits failing health, loss of manly
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and entrances refer to __________. voice
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(i) death and birth
Extreme old second childhood, weakening
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(ii) beginning and end of the play
age of all senses and faculties of
(iii) coming and going of actors
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(iv) the end of the Shakespearean era hearing, seeing, taste, etc.
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Ans : (i) death and birth 3. Explain the meaning of the following.
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(c) The seven roles that a man plays correspond to his (a) ... all the men and women merely players:
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__________. They have their exits and their entrances...
(i) chronological age in life
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2. Having read this extract, identify the stages of a (b) And then the lover,
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persons life as Shakespeare has done. Write down Sighing like furnace...
these stages in your note book, and sum up the Ans : In the third stage, man becomes romantic and
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characteristics of each stage in two or three words. e.g. sentimental. He falls for some girl. The distance from her
makes him sad and he writes love poems. He draws deep
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infancy crying
(c) a soldier,
Ans :
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School-going fresh clean face, carrying a country and is keen to guard his good name. He hungers
boy bag; but walks slowly like a for honour as a brave fighter. He risks his life on the
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In fair round belly with good capon lined, (ii) Is without teeth, taste like a child
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, (iii) Pretends to be a child
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Full of wise saws and modern instances (iv) Has no hair
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And so he plays his part. (b) mere oblivion means :
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(a) Which stage is being referred to here? (i) illness (ii) weakness
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(i) Sixth (ii) Third (iii) forgetfulness (iv) no financial security
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(iii) Fifth (iv) Seventh
(c) Why is mans life called strange eventful history?
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(b) good capon lined means : (i) due to uncertainty
(i) riches (ii) filled with big, fat, male chicken R (ii) due to lot of variety
(iii) round belly (iv) some gown
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(iii) due to strange happenings
(c) How does he show his wisdom?
(iv) like a story
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(iii) By quoting wise sayings 5. In fair round belly with capon lined
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(iv) By showing off With eye severe and beard of formal cut
Ans : (a) (iii) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) Full of wise saws and modern stances
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3. Into the lean and slippered pantaloons (a) Which stage of man is the poet referring to in the
with spectacles on nose and pouch on side, above lines?
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His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide (i) Infancy (ii) Youth
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For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice (iii) Middle age (iv) Old age
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and life respectively.
Mewling and puking in the nurses arms
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(b) What parallelism has the poet drawn between
Then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel
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the stage and the world?
And shining morning face, creeping like snail.
Ans. Stage is a platform in a theatre where actors
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(a) How is the life of a person like an infant ?
perform their act. Similarly, life is a also a theatre where
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Ans. As an infant a man is totally dependent. Crying
men and women play their part and die.
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and vomiting milk in the nurses arms.
(c) Which figure of speech has been used in the (b) How does a schoolboy appear ?
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second line?
Ans. A schoolboy appears to be sulking and
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Ans. Figure of speech used in second line is Simile. unwillingly carrying his school bag to the school.
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2. Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, (c) The schoolboy is depicted as shining and
Seeking the bubble reputation whining? Why ?
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Even in the cannons mouth : Ans. Since he is a small boy, his face is shining and
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[CBSE 2010 (Term II)] whining depicts his unwillingness to go to the school.
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1. What is the theme of the poem The Seven a leopard full of vigour and can easily be provoked. He is
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Ans. According to Shakespeare human life is fifth stage he is fat and huge. There is somberness in his
transitory. There is nothing permanent in it. This poem is eyes and his beard gives him a formal look. He is always
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based on a speech given by a character Jacques who is a full of advice for others and performs the role of a justice.
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cynic in the well known play As You Like It. For Jacques 4. All the worlds a stage
there is nothing noble or praiseworthy in a mans life. He And all the men and women merely players;
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makes fun of all the seven ages of man and calls birth as They have their exits and their entrances;
entry and death as exit. And one man in his time plays many parts,
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2. Why does the poet say that the school boy His acts being seven ages.
creeps like a snail to school? (a) Why does the poet call the world a stage?
Ans. The school boy is not very willing to go to (b) What does the poet mean by exits and
school. He is disinterested and just walks slowly like a entrances?
snail carrying his school bag. He is always whining and
(c) How can one man play many parts?
complaining.
Ans. (a) Stage is a platform in a theatre where actors
3. Describe the fourth and fifth stages of man. perform their parts. Similarly, life is also a
OR peformance in which men and women play
What characteristics does the poet associate with different parts. These roles are preordained
fourth and fifth stages of man. [CBSE 2010 (Term I)] and are in God's power.
Ans. The fourth stage is of a soldier. He is fierce like (b) The exits are deaths and entrances are births
4 GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
(c) The various parts are the various stages in his speech given by a character Jacques, who is a cynic, in the
life : Childhood, adolescence, youth, middle well known play As You Like It. For Jacques there is
age and finally death. nothing noble or praiseworthy in a mans life. He makes
5. At first the infant fun of all the seven ages of man and calls birth as entry
Mewling and puking in the nurses arms and death as exit.
Then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel 8. Write two characteristics of infant state
And shining morning face, creeping like snail. mentioned in the poem The Seven Ages.
(a) How is the life of a person like an infant? (CBSE 2010)
(b) How does a schoolboy appear? Or
(c) The schoolboy is depicted as shining and How does Shakespeare describe man in the first
whining Why? stage of life? [CBSE 2010 (Term II)]
Ans. The first stage of man is of childhood an infant Ans. The two characteristics of an infant stage are
who cries and vomits in his nurses arms. He is helpless and crying and vomiting out his milk. Whenever he needs
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depends on others for his every need. The next stage is of anything he cries, whether he is hungry, sick, or wet. The
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a school boy who carries his school bag, goes to school only language he knows is of crying which attracts the
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unwillingly and slowly like snail. At this time his face is attention of those who care for him. The only reaction he
always scrubbed and shining. But he is not a very willing gives regarding his behaviour is by vomiting out his milk.
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student, he keeps whining and complaining. These two traits characterise an infant.
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6. Explain All the worlds a stage with reference 9. Why has been the last stage of a mans life
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to the poem. (CBSE 2010) referred to as second childishness?
Ans. In this poem life is compared to a play. First as [CBSE 2010 (Term II)]
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man plays different roles in a play so also does he in a real Ans. An infant has to depend on others for everything.
life. As on a stage there is a particular entry and a R
Similarly, an old man is weak and ignorant of everything
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particular exit of actors; in the same way in life man comes around him. He has no teeth, no sense of taste and is
when he is born and departs when he dies. Just as a part absolutely helpless.
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Or
7. What is the theme of the poem The Seven Ages.
How does man as a soldier behave? (The Seven
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eventful history in the poem, The Seven Ages and heroic, seeking reputation, willing to face total
why ? [CBSE 2010 (Term I)]
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There is nothing permanent in it. This poem is based on a his life to become immortal.
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plays the role of a romantic lover. He writes love songs and Their births and deaths are also in Gods power.
when sad and separated from his beloved, he draws deep Shakespeare was one of the greatest dramatists of his time
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and hot breaths like the bellowes of a blacksmith. He and each of the plays he wrote appeared to be small
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writes sad tragic ballads, sentimental verses tragic and segments from life itself. So comparison of the world to a
poetic descriptions of his love life. He is always unhappy stage, life to a drama, is an age-old concept.
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and sad. 6. Describe the fourth and fifth stages of mans
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4. With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, full of life.
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wise saws and modern instances. Which stage is this? Ans. In the fourth stage of his life, man performs the
State the reason for this kind of behaviour. role of a soldier. He is fierce like a leopard, full of vigour
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[CBSE 2010 (Term II)] and can be easily provoked. He is prone to jealousy and a
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His eyes have a severe expression and his beard desire to safeguard his reputation. In the fifth stage of his
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displays a formal cut. He is always giving wise advise to life he grows fat and huge, his eyes acquire a serious
others, always connecting them with present day instances. expression and his beard is very formal. He is always
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This is the stage when man plays the role of a Magistrate. advising others and performs the role of a justice, who is
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He accepts the bribe of chicken and meat. He is living a desirous of impressing others.
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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
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Write a short narrative piece or poem on any one of It is believed that we are mere actors performing our
the stages described by Shakespeare. Add your own roles, which are predestined. In the context, does the
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