4TH Year Welding. Exam Part 2.

June 2009
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(I)-Discuss the following SIX diagrams

(1)- Discuss from the view point of HAZ microstructure

(Martensitic Stainless steel)
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(2)-CHARPY V-NOTCH VALUES VERSUS TEST TEMPERATURE FOR TWO MARTENSITIC

STAINLESS STEEL FILLER METALS. Discuss the effect of welding electrodes. Martensitic Stainless
steel.

(3)Austenitic St St
 4TH Year Welding. Exam Part 2. June 2009
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(4) EFFECT OF ORIENTATION PLANE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF FE-22CR-5.5NI-3MO-0.15N WROUGHT DUPLEX

STAINLESS STEEL BASE MATERIAL ELECTROLYTICALLY ETCHED IN 40% NAOH. (A) PARALLEL TO ROLLING
DIRECTION. (B) TRANSVERSE TO ROLLING DIRECTION. (C) PLAN VIEW. 100X. COURTESY OF THE
WELDING INSTITUTE

(5)MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST FE-22CR-5.5NI-3MO-0.15N DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL ETCHED

ELECTROLYTICALLY IN 40% NAOH. 25.

(6) FE-22CR-5.5NI-3MO-0.15N DSS

 4TH Year Welding. Exam Part 2. June 2009
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(II) Choose the correct answer or fill in the spaces:
65 % of the grade will given to (indicate why or explain). Answer only as follows:
1- a
2-c
3-b
. (Do not rewrite the selected choice otherwise your answer will not be corrected.)
I Martensitic stainless steels
1- Chromium content in martensitic stainless steels is in the range of
a- 5-11.5 % b- 11.5 30% c-11.5-18% d- 18-30%
2- Carbon content in martensitic stainless steels is in the range from a- 0.01-
0.03% b-0.03-0.08% c-0.15 1.2 % 0.6- 2.0 %
3- With increasing carbon percent in martensitic stainless steels chromium content is usually increased to maintain
a-high strength b- high ductility c- high corrosion resistance d- high hardness
4- Nickel is added to high chromium martensitic stainless steels to prevent a- excessive grain
growth b- excessive free ferrite c-excessive free austenite d- both a & b e-both b & c
5- Martensitic stainless steels (Explain your answer)
a-can be annealed to soft condition b- cannot be annealed to soft condition because martensite will always
form c- cannot be annealed to soft condition because carbon content is very high d- can be annealed
to soft condition only if tempering is used after annealing. (indicate why)
6- The strength and hardness of martensitic stainless steels depend primarily on (explain) a-chromium
content b- molybdenum content c-carbon content d-nickel content
7- Martensitic stainless steels have a- marked brittleness b- high tendency to chloride SCC
c- high ductility d- good corrosion resistance in very corrosive media
8- Which of the following properties is not a property of martensitic stainless steels a-high creep strength b-
high fatigue strength c-good tensile strength d-high corrosion resistance up to 650 C0 .
9- Steel 12Cr-1Mo-0.3V (HT9) can / cannot used in high temperature pressure vessels and pipes as steam piping
and steam generators a-can b-cannot
10- The content of delta ferrite in HAZ of martensitic stainless steels should be as low as possible (below 10%) in
order to maintain a- softness
b- corrosion resistance c- toughness d-brittleness
11- The HAZ of the martensitic stainless steels will always / sometimes contain martensite a- always b-
sometimes
12- The preheat temperature for steel type 410 should be slightly below
a- A1 b- A3 c-Mf d-Ms (indicate why and discuss your answer).
-------------------------II-Austenitic stainless steels------------------------------
13- The AISI 300 series austenitic stainless steels can from .. to.
a) +20 to +300 C0 b)+100 to +400 C0 c) - 196 to + 600 C0 d) - 196 to + 600 C0
14- The heat input required for welding austenitic stainless steels is lower than that for ferritic stainless steels
because its is low
a-coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) b- density c-thermal conductivity d-all of the above
15- the distortion and residual stresses in austenitic stainless steel weldments are higher than in ferritic stainless
steels because its .. is high a-
coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) b- density c-thermal conductivity d-all of the above

16- Solidification cracking may be reduced by adding a- Si b- Nb c- Ti d- Mn (explain why)

17- To improve strength, ductility and pitting resistance the following is added to austenitic stainless steels
a- Si b- O c- Ar d- N
18- As a result of transformation of ferrite to austenite during solidification and solid state transformation ferrite is
enriched with a-Cr, Mo, Si b- N, Ni , C
19- To reduce the effects of sigma phase formation and reduce the risk of solidification cracking the ferrite content
in the weld metal should be kept in the range from (Explain)
a- 3-8% b-8 12% c- 12-16% 1-3%
 4TH Year Welding. Exam Part 2. June 2009
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20- If the ferrite content in the steel is 8 % then the expected amount of sigma phase that may result upon holding
at high temperature for long time is a- 8% b- less than 8% c- more than 8% (Explain)
21- Knifeline attack may occur in a narrow region in the HAZ which is a- immediately
adjacent to the base metal b- immediately adjacent the fusion boundary c-somewhat removed from the
fusion boundary (Explain your answer)
----------------------------Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) ----------------------------------
22- Steel containing 25 % Cr- 7%Ni- 3.5Mo- 0.25% N -W-Cu is a-austenitic stainless steel
(ASS) b- martensitic stainless steel (MSS) c- Super Duplex Stainless steel d- ferritic stainless steel (FSS)
23- The stainless steel that has excellent weldability , poor low- temperature toughness, low resistance to Cl SCC
and low strength is a- martensitic b-ferritic c- austenitic
d- duplex
24- The stainless steel that has poor toughness, high resistance to Cl SCC and relatively high strength is
a- martensitic b-ferritic c- austenitic d- duplex
25- The microstructure of DSS exhibit (Explain) a- ferritic matrix
with austenitic islands b- austenitic matrix with ferritic islands
26- The yield strength of DSS is greater than that of a- austenitic stainless steels b- ferritic
stainless steels c-both a & b d- none of the above
27- The upper temperature of application for welded structure of DSS is a-650C b- 450C
c- 350C d-250 C (explain)
28- Rapid cooling after welding will increase the amount of .. in the HAZ a- ferrite b- austenite
(Explain)
29- Nitrogen will increase/ decrease the temperature at which ferrite transforms to austenite in DSS a-
decrease b-increase
30- DSS with 0.2% N have a- very narrow HAZ a- very wide HAZ (explain)
31- Sigma phase , Fe(Cr, Mo) may / may not form in DSS weldments a-may b-may not
(explain)
-----------Ferritic Stainless steels (FSS)----------------------------------------------
32- The Cr% in FSS is in the range a-5-10% b- 10.5- 30% c-3-5%
33- The Stainless steel that has excellent stress corrosion cracking, SCC, resistance and good resistance to pitting
and crevice corrosion in chloride environments is a- austenitic b-ferritic c- both a &b
34- Group to alloys of FSS contains less .. to improve ductility a- Ni and Mn b-
C and Cr c- both a & b (Explain)
35- 0.2% Al is added to FSS to restrict the formation of .. at high temperatures a- ferrite b- austenite c-
martensite d-bainite (Explain)
36- FSS are used for a- high temperature
applications b- cryogenic application c-high temperature application
37- In ultrahigh purity FSS (Group III) the level of interstitial element (C+N) is less than a- 600 ppm b-300 ppm
c- 150 ppm

38- The preheat for DSS is normally in the range of a-70-150 C b- 150-
200 c- 250-300 d- none of the above (explain)
39- PWHT for DSS weldments, if required, is carried out in the range from a- 550-600 C b-700-800 C c- 800-
1000 C d- 1050- 1100 C (explain
40- For the Fe-22Cr-5.5Ni-3Mo-0.15N the maximum interpass temperature is a- 70C b- 200 C c-300 C
d-400C