Mse20 Finals Compiled

QUIZ 1
The nucleus of an atom contains which of the following?
A. Protons
B. Electrons
C. Neutrons
D. All the above
E. Both A and C
The net potential energy between two adjacent ions, EN, may be represented by
Where A, B, and n are constants whose values depend on the particular ionic system.
Calculate the bonding energy E0 in terms of the parameters A, B, and n using the following procedure:
(1) Differentiate EN with respect to r, and then set the resulting expression equal to zero, since the
curve of EN versus r is a minimum at E0.
(2) Solve for r in terms of A, B, and n, which yields r0, the equilibrium interionic spacing.
(3) Determine the expression for E0 by substitution of r0 into the above equation for EN. Which of the
following equations represents the expression for E0?
What type(s) of bonding would be expected for brass (a copperzinc alloy)?
Ionic bonding
Metallic bonding
Covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding
van der Waals bonding
The atomic mass of an atom may be expressed as the sum of the masses of
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
The nucleus of an atom contains
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Which crystal system(s) listed below has (have) the following relationship for the unit cell edge
lengths?
a=bc
A. Cubic
B. Hexagonal
C. Triclinic
D. Monoclinic
E. Rhombohedral
F. Orthorhombic
G. Tetragonal
H. Both C and E
I. Both B and G
What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure?
Atomic structure relates to the type of atomic bonding.

Crystal structure pertains to the arrangement of atoms in the crystalline solid material.
Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Crystal structure pertains to the number and probability distributions of the electrons.
Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, as
well as the number and probability distributions of the constituent electrons.
Atomic structure relates to the number of electrons.
Crystal structure pertains to the type of atomic bonding in the crystalline solid material.
Atomic structure relates to the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom.
Crystal structure pertains to the electron structure of the individual atoms.
lengths?
Tetragonal
Rhombohedral
Orthorhombic
Monoclinic
Triclinic
Cubic
Hexagonal
A steel rod is pulled in tension with a stress that is less than the yield strength. The modulus of
elasticity may be calculated as
Axial stress times axial strain
Axial stress divided by axial strain
Axial load divided by change in length
Axial stress divided by change in length
A cylindrical specimen of brass that has a diameter of 20 mm, a tensile modulus of 110 GPa, and a
Poissons ratio of 0.35 is pulled in tension with force of 40,000 N. If the deformation is totally elastic,
what is the strain experienced by the specimen?
0.0029
0.01350
0.00463
0.00116
For most metals, the relationship between elastic and shear moduli is approximately which of the
following?
G = 0.1 E
G = 0.2 E
G = 0.3 E
G = 0.4 E
G = 0.5 E
QUIZ 2
What is the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight?
Atomic mass is the average of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes,
whereas atomic weight is the weight of an individual atom.
Atomic mass is characterized by the number of neutrons in the nucleus, whereas atomic weight
is the weight of an individual atom.
Atomic weight = Atomic mass g.
Atomic mass is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus, whereas atomic weight
is the average (weighted) of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes.
Atomic mass is the mass of an individual atom, whereas atomic weight is the average
(weighted) of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes.
The net potential energy EN between two adjacent ions, is sometimes represented by the expression
in which r is the interionic separation and C, D, and are constants whose values depend on the
specific material.
Derive an expression for the bonding energy E0 in terms of the equilibrium interionic separation r0 and
the constants D and using the following procedure:
1. Differentiate EN with respect to r, and then set the resulting expression equal to zero.
2. Solve for C in terms of D, and r0.
3. Determine the expression for E0 by substitution for C in the equation above.
Which of the following equations represents the correct expression for E0?
Which of the following materials may form crystaline solids?
All the these
None of the these
Polymers
Ceramics
Metals
What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure?
Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Crystal structure pertains to the number and probability distributions of the electrons.
Atomic structure relates to the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom.
Crystal structure pertains to the electron structure of the individual atoms.
Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, as
well as the number and probability distributions of the constituent electrons.
Atomic structure relates to the type of atomic bonding.
Atomic structure relates to the number of electrons.
Crystal structure pertains to the type of atomic bonding in the crystalline solid material.
For a given material, which heat capacity is greater?
At constant volume, Cv.
At constant pressure, Cp.
Which of the following terms is used to describe the luminescence phenomenon when the reemission
of photons occurs in much less than one second after the excitation event?
Phosphorescence
Fluorescence
Can a material have an index of refraction less than unity?
This is not possible.
Yes, it can.
When all the electrons in an atom occupy the lowest possible energy states, the atom is said to be in
its:
regular state
ground state
ionized state
cold state
lengths?
a=bc
A. Cubic
B. Hexagonal
C. Triclinic
D. Monoclinic
E. Rhombohedral
F. Orthorhombic
G. Tetragonal
H. Both C and E
I. Both B and G
The typical electrical conductivity value/range for semiconducting materials is
107 (-m)-1
10-6 to 104 (-m)-1
10-20 to 10-10 (-m)-1
Which of the following have a significant influence on a material's electrical resistivity?
Percent cold work
Temperature
Grain size
Vacancy concentrations
Impurity concentration
The following describes which type of magnetism: permanent and aligned magnetic moments that
result from the incomplete cancellation of magnetic spin moments; these are present even in the
absence of an external field?
Antiferromagnetism
Ferromagnetism
Diamagnetism
Ferrimagnetism
Paramagnetism
Which of the following magnetic material types will have Curie temperatures?
A. Diamagnetics
B. Ferromagnetics
C. Paramagnetics
D. Antiferromagnetics
E. Ferrimagnetics
F. All of the above
G. Both A and C
H. Both B and E
In ionic materials, how does the size of the component ions affect the extent of electronic polarization?
In ionic materials, the smaller the size of the component ions the greater the degree of
electronic polarization.
In ionic materials, the size of the component ions does not affect the extent of electronic
polarization.
In ionic materials, the larger the size of the component ions the greater the degree of
electronic polarization.
Select the description of the phenomenon of dispersion in a transparent medium.
Dispersion in a transparent medium is the phenomenon wherein the reflectivity of light at

normal incidence to the surface of a transparent medium varies slightly with the wavelength of
the electromagnetic radiation.
Dispersion in a transparent medium is the phenomenon wherein the reflection losses vary
slightly with the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation.
Dispersion in a transparent medium is the phenomenon wherein the index of refraction varies
slightly with the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation.
For noncubic crystals, the index of refraction is lowest in the crystallographic direction that has the
highest atomic packing density.
lowest atomic packing density.
A completely amorphous and nonporous polymer will be
translucent.
opaque.
transparent.
QUIZ 3
What is the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight?
Atomic mass is the average of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes,
whereas atomic weight is the weight of an individual atom.
Atomic mass is characterized by the number of neutrons in the nucleus, whereas atomic weight
is the weight of an individual atom.
Atomic weight = Atomic mass g.
Atomic mass is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus, whereas atomic weight
is the average (weighted) of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes.
Atomic mass is the mass of an individual atom, whereas atomic weight is the average
(weighted) of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes.
Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter at 1000C for a metal that has an energy for
vacancy formation of 1.22 eV/atom, a density of 6.25 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 37.4 g/mol.
1.49 x 1018 m-3
1.49 x 1024 m-3
2.57 x 1024 m-3
7.18 x 1022 m-3
If the atomic radius of a metal that has the face-centered cubic crystal structure is 0.137 nm,
calculate the volume of its unit cell.
0.0582 nm3
What are the indices for the direction vector shown in the unit cell?
A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
[0 -1 1]
What are the indices for the direction vector shown in the unit cell?
The following sentence located just below the previous one should be added: 'A negative index is
indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
[-1 -4 3]
For the direction represented by the vector drawn within the hexagonal unit cell below, specify its
indices (using the 3-index scheme, referenced to a1, a2, and z axes). A negative index is indicated
with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
[2 2 1]
What are the Miller indices for the plane shown in the unit cell?
(1 1 0)
What are the Miller indices for the plane shown in the unit cell?
(2 -2 3)
Molybdenum (Mo) has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.1363 nm, and an atomic weight
of 95.94 g/mol. What is its theoretical density?
10.22 g/cm3
A hypothetical metal has the simple cubic crystal structure shown in Figure 3.3. If its atomic weight is
83.3 g/mol and the atomic radius is 0.177 nm, compute its density.
3.118 g/cm3
A hypothetical alloy has an atomic weight of 91.6 g/mol, a density of 9.60 g/cm3, and an atomic
radius of 0.137 nm. Determine whether its crystal structure is FCC, BCC, or simple cubic. A simple
cubic unit cell is shown in Figure 3.3.
BCC
Simple cubic
FCC
For each of the cubic unit cells shown below, select the letter of the direction vector that is
represented by the set of directional indices.
(a)
(b)
C
(c)
(d)
Question 14, Part 1
Determine the indices for the directions shown in the following cubic unit cell.
Part 1
Excellent!
We begin with Direction A.
(a) What is the x coordinate of the vector tail (x1)?
(b) What is the x coordinate of the vector head (x2)?
(c) What is the y coordinate of the vector tail (y1)?
(d) What is the y coordinate of the vector head (y2)?
(e) What is the z coordinate of the vector tail (z1)?
(f) What is the z coordinate of the vector head (z2)?
Fractional entries should be expressed in decimal form.
(a) 1
a
(b) 0
a
(c) 0
b
(d) 1
b
(e) 1
c
(f) 1
c
What are the direction indices for a vector that passes from point 1 to 1
point in a cubic unit cell? Please indicate negative directions by a "-" sign before the
integer and omit spaces between numbers.
[
22-2
]
In which of the following unit cells is drawn a 10-1 plane?

What is atomic packing of the (100) plane for the FCC crystal structure?
Question 19, Part 1
(a) Derive linear density (LD) expression for FCC [100] and [111] in terms of the atomic radius R.
(b) Compute and compare linear density values for these same two directions for gold.
Part 1
Excellent!
How many atoms are centered on the [100] direction in a FCC unit cell?
1
exact number, no tolerance
Question 19, Part 3
(a) Derive linear density (LD) expression for FCC [100] and [111] in terms of the atomic radius R.
(b) Compute and compare linear density values for these same two directions for gold.
Part 3
Excellent!
How many atoms are centered on the [111] direction within the FCC unit cell?
1
QUIZ 4
Once a system is at a state of equilibrium, a shift from equilibrium may result by alteration of which of
the following?
Pressure
Composition
Temperature
All of the above
The binary composition-temperature phase diagram for an isomorphous system will be composed of
regions that contain which of the following phases and/or combinations of phases?
A.) Liquid
B.) Liquid +
C.)
D.) A, B, and C
A solidus line separates which of the following phase fields?

Liquid and liquid +
and liquid +
Liquid + and +
and +
Using Animated Figure 9.8, determine which of the phases/phase combinations listed below will be
present for an alloy of composition 46 wt% Sn - 54 wt% Pb that is at equilibrium at 44C?
alpha + beta
alpha
alpha + beta + liquid
alpha + liquid
beta
liquid
beta + liquid
Using the Animated Figure 9.8, for an alloy of composition 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb, select the
phase(s) present and their composition(s) at 200C.
= 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% P
= 18.3 wt% Sn - 81.7 wt% Pb; = 97.8 wt% Sn - 2.2 wt% Pb
= 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; L = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% Pb
L = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb; = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb
eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?
Three solid
One liquid and one solid
One liquid and two solid

Two liquids and one solid
For an alloy of composition 50 wt% Zn-50 wt% Cu, what phase(s) is (are) present at 800C and what
is (are) the mass fraction(s) of the phase(s)? You may find the Animated Figure 9.19 (the Cu-Zn
phase diagram) helpful.
' and phases
Liquid phase
phase
and phases
phase
For a 64 wt% Zn-36 wt% Cu alloy, select the schematic sketch of the microstructure that would be
observed for conditions of very slow cooling at a
temperature of 750C. You may want to use Animated
Figure 9.19.
For a 76 wt% Pb-24 wt% Mg alloy, select the schematic sketch of the microstructure that would be
observed at 500C for conditions of very slow cooling.
The magnesium-lead phase diagram is shown in
the Animated Figure 9.20.
A eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?
Three solid
Which of the following kinds of information may be determined with the aid of a phase diagram?
The fraction(s) of phase(s) present at specified temperature and composition.
The phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.
The composition(s) of phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.
A liquidus line separates which of the following combinations of phase fields?
Liquid + and +
and +
Liquid and Liquid +
and Liquid +
A peritectic reaction involves which of the following combinations of phase fields?
Three solid
At a eutectic point on a binary temperature-composition phase diagram, how many phases are
present when the system is at equilibrium?
A solvus line separates which of the following pairs of phase fields?
Liquid + and +
and Liquid +
and +
Liquid and Liquid +
Hot working takes place at a temperature that is above a metal's
eutectoid temperature
glass transition temperature
melting temperature
recrystallization temperature
Which of the following may occur during an annealing heat treatment?
Stress may relieved.
Ductility may increase.
Toughness may increase.
A specific microstructure may be produced.
All of the above.

Normalizing a ferrous alloy causes the average grain size to
decrease
increase
Which of the following influences the hardenability of a steel?
Character of the quenching medium
Size and shape of the specimen
Its composition
Type of quenching medium
Which of the three quenching media is most commonly used for alloy steels?
Water
Air
Oil
From the list below, select four situations in which casting is the preferred fabrication technique.
(1) For alloys having low ductilities
(2) When it is the most economical fabrication technique
(3) When it is needed to join a large variety of metals and alloys
(4) For large pieces and/or complicated shapes
(5) For economical producing of parts that require very close dimensional tolerances (e.g. bushing
and gears)
(6) When mechanical strength is not an important consideration
(2), (3), (4), (6)
(2), (3), (5), (6)
(1), (2), (4), (5)
(1), (2), (4), (6)
(1), (3), (4), (5)
Which type of forming operation produces a higher quality surface finish, better mechanical properties,
and closer dimensional control of the finished piece?
Cold working
Hot working
Which of the following may occur during annealing?
Toughness may be increased.
Ductility may be increased.
Stresses may be relieved.
A specific microstructure may be produced.

How does increasing the annealing temperature influence the rate of an annealing process?
Decreases the rate.
Increases the rate.
Cold working takes place at a temperature that is below a metal's
Glass transition temperature
Eutectoid temperature
Melting temperature
Recrystallization temperature
During metal forming operations, the magnitude of the applied stress must at least exceed the
Yield strength
Tensile strength
Forging operations normally take place at
Low temperatures
Room temperature
High temperatures
Full annealing is used on which types of steels?
Low-carbon steels
Medium-carbon steels
High-carbon steels
How does increasing carbon content influence the hardenability of a steel?
Increases the hardenability.
Decreases the hardenability.
Hot working takes place at a temperature that is above a metal's
Eutectoid temperature
Glass transition temperature
Recrystallization temperature
Melting temperature
Which of the following are forming operations?
Rolling
Powder metallurgy
Die casting
Welding
Extrusion
Continuous casting
Drawing
Forging
For which type of metals is powder metallurgy particularly suited?
Metals having low melting temperatures
Metals having high melting temperatures

A Frenkel defect is composed with which of the following?
A cation interstitial and an anion interstitial
A cation vacancy and an anion vacancy
An anion interstitial and an anion vacancy
A cation interstitial and a cation vacancy
A hypothetical AX type of ceramic material is known to have a density of 3.75 g/cm3 and a unit cell of
cubic symmetry with a cell edge length of 0.61 nm. The atomic weights of the A and X elements are
90.5 and 37.3 g/mol, respectively. On the basis of this information, which one of the following crystal
structures is possible for this material?
fluorite
zinc blend
cesium chloride
Which of the following are the two primary constituents of clays?
Alumina (Al2O3) and limestone (CaCO3)
Limestone (CaCO3) and cupric oxide (CuO)
Silica (SiO2) and limestone (CaCO3)
Alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2)
For a composite material, is the matrix phase normally more ductile or less ductile than the dispersed
phase?
More ductile
Less ductile
For a composite material, which phase normally has the higher elastic modulus?
Matrix phase
Fiber phase
For a composite material, how does the ductility of the matrix phase normally compare with the
ductility of the dispersed phase?
More ductile
Less ductile
Ch 10 Results Page 1 of 3
0% (0 out of 8 correct) Responses to questions are indicated by the symbol.
1. When the concentration of solute in a solid solution exceeds the solubility limit,
which of the following situations results?
A. The formation of a new solid solution or phase that has a composition similar
to that of the original solid solution.
B. The formation of a new solid solution or phase that has a distinctly different
composition than the original solid solution.
When the concentration of solute in a solid solution exceeds the solubility limit, a
new solid solution or phase forms that has a distinctly different composition than the
original solid solution.
2. Once a system is at a state of equilibrium, a shift from equilibrium may result by

alteration of which of the following?
A. Pressure
B. Composition
C. Temperature
D. All of the above
A shift from equilibrium may result from alteration of temperature, pressure, and/or
composition.
3. The binary composition-temperature phase diagram for an isomorphous system will

be composed of regions that contain which of the following phases and/or
combinations of phases?
A. Liquid
B. Liquid +
C.
D. +
E. All of the above
F. A, B, and C above
For an isomorphous system the two components are completely miscible in both the
liquid and solid phases; thus, the phase regions are as follows: Liquid, Liquid + ,
and .
4. A solidus line separates which of the following phase fields?
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/callister/0470125373/sa/ch_10.html? 6/21/2016
A. Liquid and liquid +

B. and liquid +
C. and +
D. Liquid + and +
A solidus line separates and liquid + phase fields.
5. Below is shown the lead-tin phase diagram. Using this diagram determine which of
the phases/phase combinations listed below will be present for an alloy of
composition 46 wt% Sn - 54 wt% Pb that is at equilibrium at 44C?
A. alpha
B. beta
C. liquid
D. alpha + liquid
E. beta + liquid
F. alpha + beta
G. alpha + beta + liquid
For the equilibrium conditions given, alpha + beta phases will be present.
6. Below is shown the lead-tin phase diagram. Using this diagram determine which of
the phases/phase combinations listed below will be present for an alloy of
composition 77 wt% Sn - 23 wt% Pb that is at equilibrium at 190C?
A. alpha
B. beta
C. liquid
D. alpha + liquid
E. beta + liquid
F. alpha + beta
G. alpha + beta + liquid
For the equilibrium conditions given, beta + liquid phases will be present.
7. Below is shown the lead-tin phase diagram. For an alloy of composition 25 wt% Sn -
75 wt% Pb, select the phase(s) present and their composition(s) at 200C.
A. = 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; L = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% Pb
B. L = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb; = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb

C. = 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% Pb
D. = 18.3 wt% Sn - 81.7 wt% Pb; = 97.8 wt% Sn - 2.2 wt% Pb
At 200C the and liquid phases are present. A tie line drawn across the + L phase
field intersects the - + L phase boundary at about 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb (which
is the composition of the phase) and the + L - L phase boundary at about 55.7
wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% Pb (which is the composition of the liquid phase).
8. A eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?

A. One liquid and one solid
B. One liquid and two solid
C. Two liquids and one solid
D. Three solid
A eutectoid reaction involves three solid phases.
Retake Test
0% (0 out of 5 correct) The questions marked with symbol have not been graded.
Responses to questions are indicated by the symbol.
1. Which of the following materials may form crystalline solids?
A. Polymers
B. Metals
C. Ceramics
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Under normal solidification conditions, all three of these material types may form
crystalline solids; these include all metals, many ceramics, and some polymers (which
will be semicrystalline).
2. The drawing below represents the unit cell for which crystal structure?
A. Simple cubic
B. Face-centered cubic
C. Body-centered cubic
D. Hexagonal close-packed
Since there is one atom situated at each of the eight corners of the cube as well as one
atom at the center of each of the cube faces, this is the unit cell for the face-centered
cubic crystal structure.
3. Which crystal system(s) listed below has (have) the following relationship for the unit
cell edge lengths?
a=bc
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/callister/0471736961/assessments/ch03.h... 2009/03/09
A. Cubic
B. Hexagonal
C. Triclinic
D. Monoclinic
E. Rhombohedral
F. Orthorhombic
G. Tetragonal
H. Both C and E
I. Both B and G
For both hexagonal and tetragonal crystal systems, two of the unit cell edge lengths are
equal to one another, but unequal to the third edge length.
4. Which crystal system(s) listed below has (have) the following interaxial angle
relationship?
= = = 90
A. Cubic
B. Tetragonal
C. Hexagonal
D. Triclinic
E. Orthorhombic
F. Both A and D
G. A, B, and E
Cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic crystal systems have the three interaxial angles
equal to 90C.
5. If the atomic radius of a metal that has the face-centered cubic crystal structure is 0.137 nm,
calculate the volume of its unit cell (in nm^3).
YOUR ANSWER:
The suggested answer is
0.0582 nm^3
The unit cell for the face-centered cubic crystal structure is
Since the atoms touch each other along the face diagonal, the length of this diagonal is four
times the atomic radius. Hence, the edge length, a, may be determined as follows:
or
Thus, the volume of the cubic unit cell may be calculated as follows:
6. For a metal that has the body-centered cubic crystal structure, calculate the atomic radius
(in nm) if the metal has a density of 7.25 g/cm3 and an atomic weight of 50.99 g/mol.
YOUR ANSWER:
0.124 nm
The density of a metal may be calculated using the following equation:
Now, for the body-centered cubic crystal structure there are two atoms associated with each
unit cell (i.e., n = 2), and the atomic radius and unit cell edge length are related as
Since the unit cell for the body-centered cubic crystal structure has cubic symmetry, VC =
a3. Substitution of the last two relationships into the first equation leads to
and solving for R yields
= 1.24 x 10-8 cm = 0.124 nm
7. For the face-centered cubic crystal structure:

(a) How many atoms are associated with each unit cell?
(b) What is the coordination number?
(c) What is the atomic packing factor?
YOUR ANSWER:
(a) 4
(b) 12
(c) 0.740
For the face-centered cubic crystal structure, atoms are positioned at each of the eight cube
corners, as well as at the center of each of the unit cell faces. Its unit cell is as follows:
(a) There are eight corner atoms, and one-eighth of each of these is assigned to the unit cell
(for the equivalence of 1 atom); also, there is one atom at each of the six faces, one-half of
which is assigned to the unit cell (for the equivalence of 3 atoms). Therefore, there are four
atoms per unit cell.
(b) An atom has four atoms neighboring atoms in the same horizontal plane, four nearest-
neighbor atoms above it, and four nearest-neighbor atoms below it; therefore, the
coordination number is 12.
(c) Since the unit cell edge length and the atomic radius are related as
the atomic packing factor is calculated as follows:
8. A hypothetical metal has an orthorhombic unit cell for which the a, b, and c lattice parameters are
0.413 nm, 0.665 nm, and 0.876 nm, respectively.
(a) If there are 8 atoms per unit cell and the atomic packing factor is 0.536, determine the atomic
radius (in nm).
(b) If the density is 3.99 g/cm3, calculate the metal's atomic weight (in g/ mol).
YOUR ANSWER:
(a) 0.157 nm
(b) 72.27 g/mol
(a) The atomic packing factor, APF, is defined as:
For an orthorhombic unit cell, the unit cell volume is equal to the product of the unit cell edge lengths
as
The total sphere volume is equal to the volume per sphere times the number of atoms per unit cell
(i.e., 8) as
Substitution of the above expressions into the APF equation yields
And solving for the atomic radius leads to the following:
= 0.157 nm
(b) It is possible to solve for the atomic weight by rearrangement of the equation that expresses the
density as a function of the number of atoms per unit cell, the atomic weight and the unit cell volume;
that is
Incorporation of values for a, b, c, n, and provided in the problem statement, we have
= 72.27 g/mol
9. What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within
a unit cell?
Indicate a negative index with a "-" in front of the index number. Otherwise, express the
direction using the conventional notation.
YOUR ANSWER:
[120]
The vector projections on the x- and y-axes are a/2 and b, respectively, while the projection
on the z-axis is zero (since the vector lies in the x-y plane). This is a [120] direction as
indicated in the summary below.
x y z
Projections a/2 b 0c
Projections in terms of a, 1/2 1 0
b, and c
Reduction to integers 1 2 0
Enclosure [120]
a unit cell?
YOUR ANSWER:
[0-11]
The vector projection on the x-axis is zero (since the vector lies in the y-z plane), while
projections on the y- and z-axes are -b, and c, respectively. This is a [0-11] direction as
indicated in the summary below.
x y z
Projections 0a -b c
Projections in terms of a, 0 -1 1
b, and c
Enclosure [0-11]
a unit cell?
YOUR ANSWER:
[-1-43]
The origin of the coordinate system must be repositioned so that the tail of the direction
vector is situated at its origin. In terms of this new coordinate system, the vector
projections on the x-, y-, and z-axes are -a/6, -2b/3, and c/2, respectively. This is a [-1-43]
direction as indicated in the summary below.
x y z
Projections -a/6 -2b/3 c/2
Projections in terms of a, -1/6 -2/3 1/2
b, and c
Reduction to integers -1 -4 3
Enclosure [-1-43]
12. What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below? Indicate a negative index with a "-
" in front of the index number. Otherwise, express the plane using the conventional
notation.
YOUR ANSWER:
(110)
The intercepts of the plane with the x-, y-, and z-axes are a, b, and c, respectively. This is
a (110) plane as indicated by the summary below.
x y z
Intercepts a b c
Intercepts in terms of a, b, and 1 1

c
Reciprocals of intercepts 1 1 0
Enclosure (110)
notation.
YOUR ANSWER:
(40-3)
The intercepts of the plane (extended) with the x-, y-, and z-axes are a/2, and -2c/3,
respectively. This is a (40-3) plane as indicated in the summary below.
x y z
Intercepts a/2 b -2c/3
Intercepts in terms of a, b, and 1/2 -2/3
c
Reciprocals of intercepts 2 0 -3/2
Reduction to integers 4 0 -3
Enclosure (40-3)
notation.
YOUR ANSWER:
(2-23)
Since the plane passes through the origin, the origin must be translated, in this case, one
unit cell distance to the right along the y axis. The intercepts of this plane relative to the
new x-, y-, and z-axes are a, -b, and 2c/3, respectively. This is a (2-23) plane as indicated
in the summary below.
x y z
Intercepts a b 2c/3
Intercepts in terms of a,
b, and c 1 -1 2/3
Reciprocals of intercepts 1 -1 3/2
Reduction to integers 2 -2 3
Enclosure (2-23)
15. For the direction represented by the vector drawn within the hexagonal unit cell below,
specify its indices (using the 3-index scheme, referenced to a1, a2, and z axes). Indicate a
negative index with a "-" in front of the index number. Otherwise, express the direction
using the conventional notation.
YOUR ANSWER:
[221]
The projections on the a1-, a2-, and z-axes are a, a, and c/2, respectively. This is a [221]
direction as indicated in the summary below.
a1 a2 z
Projections a a c/2
Projections in terms of a 1 1 1/2
and c
Reduction to integers 2 2 1
Enclosure [221]
16. What are the Miller-Bravais indices for the plane shown below? Indicate a negative index
with a "-" in front of the index number. Otherwise, express the plane using the appropriate
notation.
YOUR ANSWER:
(-1010)
The intercepts of this plane relative to the a1-, a2-, a3-, and z-axes are a, a, a, and c,
respectively. This is a (-1010) plane as indicated in the summary below.
a1 a2 a3 z
Intercepts a a a c
Intercepts in terms of a and 1 1
c
Reciprocals of intercepts -1 0 1 0
Reduction to integers
Enclosure (-1010)
17. For the body-centered cubic crystal structure, in terms of the atomic radius, R, determine
the distance between the centers of nearest-neighbor atoms.
YOUR ANSWER:
2R
A unit cell for the body-centered cubic crystal structure is shown below.
Since corner atoms touch the central atom along unit cell diagonals, the central atom is a
nearest neighbor to the corner atoms; therefore, the distance between nearest-neighbor
atoms is 2R.
18. Below is shown the atomic packing of a set of planes for the simple cubic crystal
structure; atoms drawn to full size are represented by circles. From the list below select
the set of indices for this plane.
A. (120)
B. (100)
C. (111)
D. (110)
The atomic packing shown is for a (100) type plane. Below is presented a (100) plane
that passes through a simple cubic reduced sphere unit cell, and which yields the
packing arrangement indicated in the problem statement.
19. In terms of the atomic radius, R, determine the distance between the centers of adjacent
atoms for the FCC crystal structure along the [100] direction.
YOUR ANSWER:
2*R*sqrt(2)
The [100] direction within an FCC unit cell is shown below.
Thus, the distance between the centers of adjacent atoms in this [100] direction is simply
the edge length of the face-centered cubic unit cell, which, in terms of the atomic radius R
is just
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QUIZ 1

The nucleus of an atom contains which of the following?

D. All the above

Covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding

van der Waals bonding

The nucleus of an atom contains

What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure?

Atomic structure relates to the type of atomic bonding.

Axial stress times axial strain

Axial stress divided by axial strain

Axial load divided by change in length

Axial stress divided by change in length

What is the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight?

All the these

None of the these

What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure?

For a given material, which heat capacity is greater?

At constant volume, Cv.

At constant pressure, Cp.

This is not possible.

10-6 to 104 (-m)-1

10-20 to 10-10 (-m)-1

Which of the following have a significant influence on a material's electrical resistivity?

Percent cold work

F. All of the above

Select the description of the phenomenon of dispersion in a transparent medium.

Dispersion in a transparent medium is the phenomenon wherein the reflectivity of light at

highest atomic packing density.

lowest atomic packing density.

A completely amorphous and nonporous polymer will be

What is the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight?

1.49 x 1018 m-3

1.49 x 1024 m-3

2.57 x 1024 m-3

7.18 x 1022 m-3

Question 14, Part 1

We begin with Direction A.

(a) What is the x coordinate of the vector tail (x1)?

(b) What is the x coordinate of the vector head (x2)?

(c) What is the y coordinate of the vector tail (y1)?

(d) What is the y coordinate of the vector head (y2)?

(e) What is the z coordinate of the vector tail (z1)?

(f) What is the z coordinate of the vector head (z2)?

Fractional entries should be expressed in decimal form.

In which of the following unit cells is drawn a 10-1 plane?

Question 19, Part 1

Question 19, Part 3

All of the above

A solidus line separates which of the following phase fields?

alpha + beta + liquid

= 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% P

= 18.3 wt% Sn - 81.7 wt% Pb; = 97.8 wt% Sn - 2.2 wt% Pb

= 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; L = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% Pb

L = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb; = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb

eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?

One liquid and one solid

One liquid and two solid

' and phases

One liquid and one solid

One liquid and two solid

Two liquids and one solid

The fraction(s) of phase(s) present at specified temperature and composition.

The phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.