P E R A S T
danas ruevine: Zmajevia, Mazarovia, dio palate Viskovia, itd. Peratani u tom
Arheoloki lokaliteti Spila i Tamnica iznad Perasta, iz vremena neolita,
pokazuju, u tragovima pradavnog ivota, povezanost sa morem. U najstarijim
predslavenskim slojevima ilirskog i rimskog Perasta, nalaze se potvrde o
pomorskom angaovanju stanovnika Perasta. Stari hroniari Perasta navode da
su predslavenski itelji Perasta uvali ulaz u zaliv i gradili utvrenja na ostrvu sv.
Djora, za vrijeme ilirske kraljice Teute i rimskog cara Dioklecijana.
Najstariji arhivski podaci o Perastu su iz XIII v, gdje postoje vijesti o
zanatlijama: kamenarima, krearima, bavarima i brodograditeljima, a l336. prvi
put se pominje brodogradilite u Perastu. Graenje manjih jedrenjaka, na svojim
kverovima i prevoz robe vlastitim jedrenjacima bili su osnov za ekonomsko i
politiko osamostaljivanje od Kotora, pa Perast l585. postaje samostalna optina.
Perast je od XVI v. obiljeen na portolanima i pomorskim kartama, kao znaajan
pomorski centar na Jadranskoj obali.
Pomorskom i ratnikom vjetinom Peratani su se izborili za poseban
status svoga grada za vrijeme vladavine Venecije od l420-l797, pogotovo poslije
turskog osvajanja dijela Bokokotorskog zaliva krajem XV v, sve do konanog
oslobaanja krajem XVII v. Perast tada postaje strateki vano mjesto za odbranu
Kotorskog zaliva i grada Kotora, a u politiom i ekonomskom smislu autonoman.
Gradom upravlja kapetan, koji ima vojnu i civilnu vlast, a bira se meu uglednim
domaim ljudima. Peratani mogu slobodno trgovati, uz znaajne carinske
povlastice, na teritoriji Mletake republike. Pomorci iz Perasta postaju zapovjednici
velikih ratnih brodova Venecije, a imaju i ast da uvaju zastavu sv. Marka, na
admiralskom brodu za vrijeme ratova koje je Venecija vodila sa Turskom. Mnogi
su primjeri pomorske vjetine i hrabrosti Peratana u stalnim pomorskim okrajima
sa gusarima na moru, od kojih nije bio poteen ni njihov grad. Gusari iz sjeverne
Afrike napadaju i pljakaju Perast, a stanovnike odvode u ropstvo, u ljeto l624,
dok su gotovo svi koji bi im mogli pruiti otpor bili na moru. Peratani su odigrali
znaajnu ulogu u odbrani Kotora l539, u pomorskoj bici kod Lepanta 1571, odbrani
Perasta od najveeg turskog napada, u uvenom Perakom boju l654, oslobaanju
Risna l684. i Herceg Novog l687. od Turaka.
I u takvim tekim istorijskim prilikama razvijaju se pomorstvo i
pomorska trgovina, a prestankom opasnosti od Turaka, dobijaju puni zamah. Tako,
poetkom XVIII v, Perast ima etrdeset velikih brodova duge plovidbe, i preko sto
raznih tipova manjih jedrenjaka. Broj stanovnika Perasta, sa selima koja su mu
pripadala, bio je 3000.
Meu brojnim istaknutim linostina pomorske prolosti Perasta,
posebno mjesto pripada Marku Martinoviu (l663-l7l6), pomorskom kapetanu,
koji je uio pomorstvu ruske boljare Petra Velikog, Matiji Zmajeviu (l680-l735)
admiralu ruske baltike flote i Petru Smekji (l724-l767) koji je uspostavio
pomorsku vezu izmeu Venecije i luka na Baltikom moru.
U periodu od druge polovine XVII do kraja XVIII v, Perast je doivio
potpuni ekonomski i kulturni uspon, i zasjenio ostale gradove i mjesta u Boki
Kotorskoj. Peratani su bili prisiljeni da u prethodnom periodu, zbog stalnih ratnih
opasnosti, podiu objekte za odbranu: tvravu i mnoge kule (ardake), dok se sada
grade najljepe palate: Bujovia, Balovia, Bronze, Smekje i one koje su
Venice fought against the Turks. The people of Perast proved their seafaring skills and
periodu zavravaju gradnju i ukraavanje crkve Gospe od krpjela i grade zvonik nove
crkve Sv. Nikole, koja je trebala biti izgraena na mjestu postojee stare crkve. Perast
se uobliava u najljepu baroknu cjelinu na istonoj obali Jadrana. Istovremeno se
nabavljaju raskoni barokni oltari, slikarska djela mletakih majstora, a Peratanin Tripo
Kokolja oslikava crkvu, posveenu zatitnici Perasta i pomoraca, Gospu od krpjela.
Peratani su pokazali smisao za ouvanje svog identiteta, njegujui svoj
jezik, sakupljajui i biljeei narodnu poeziju (posebno bugartice), legende i obiaje:
Ma, Gaanje kokota, Fainadu.
Period XIX v, u kome dolazi do stagniranja i propadanja pomorstva na
jedra, u tekim istorijskim prilikama vladavine Austrije (l797-l806), Francuske (l807-
l8l3) i druge Austrijske vladavine (l8l4-l9l8) je vrijeme kada grad Perast doivljava
dekadenciju.
Perast je, ipak, izmeu dva Svjetska rata imao status optine, svoju kolu,
a l937. osnovan je Muzej. U posljednjih pola vijeka, dobio je status zakonom zatiene
spomenike cjeline. Mnoga svjedoanstva perake prolosti: istorijske, pomorske,
kulturne, uvaju se danas u zbirkama Muzeja grada Perasta, i crkvenim zbirkama sv.
Nikole i Gospe od krpjela.
Peratani su od davnina pokazivali privrenost svom gradu, koja se u
novijim vremenima oituje kroz napore za uvanje i zatitu njegovih istorijskih i kulturnih
vrijednosti. Prvo organizovano djelovanje na ouvanju istorijske i kulturne batine
Perasta datira iz l928; kasnije, l957, osniva se Drutvo prijatelja spomenika kulture
grada Perasta, koje je obnovljeno l999. kao Drutvo prijatelja grada Perasta. such as Bujovi, Balovi, Bronza and Smekja palaces, as well as the ones which
The archaeological sites of Spila and Tamnica situated above Perast, dating
from the Neolithic period, in their traces of ancient life reflect connections with the sea.
The oldest, pre-Slavic stratums of Illyrian and Roman period in Perast give evidence
of the seafaring activity of its inhabitants. The old chroniclers of Perast state that the
pre-Slavic inhabitants of Perast had guarded the entrance to the Bay and constructed
a fortification on Island of St. George, during the reign of the Illiryan queen Teuta and
Roman emperor Diocletian.
The oldest archival data about Perast, from the 13th century, make reference
of various craftsmen in the town: stonemasons, limers, coopers, shipbuilders, etc, while
in 1336 the first mention of a shipyard in Perast appeared. By constructing smaller sail-
ing boats on its quays and transporting merchandise in them Perast formed foundations
for its economic and political independence from Kotor which was achieved in 1585
when Perast became an independent community. From the 16th century onwards Perast
was put on the nautical maps as a significant maritime centre on the Adriatic coast.
Being excellent seamen and warriors, people of Perast earned a special
status for their town during the Venetian rule (1420-1797), and especially after the
Turkish conquest of a part of the Bay of Boka Kotorska, at the end of 15th century, lasting
until the end of the 17th century. In that period Perast became strategically important
place for defending both the bay and town of Kotor and it had a complete economic
and political autonomy. The town was governed by a captain who had both military and
civil authority and was elected from among respectable citizens. Citizens of Perast could
trade freely, with considerable tax exemptions, on the Venetian Republic territory. Many
seamen from Perast became captains of the great Venetian warships and earned the
honour of guarding the standard of St. Mark on admiral ships, during the battles which
courage in numerous naval battles against pirates who did not spare their town either.
The pirates from the North Africa attacked and plundered Perast, taking its citizens into
slavery, in the summer of 1624, while all people who could defend the town were at sea.
The people of Perast played an important role in numerous historic events: in defending
Kotor in 1539, at the battle of Lepanto in 1571, in defending Perast from the greatest
Turkish attack in the famous Battle of Perast in 1654, and liberating Risan in 1684 and
Herceg Novi in 1687 from the Turkish rule.
Seafaring and maritime trade developed despite such difficult historic cir-
cumstances, gaining its full impetus following the final defeat of the Turks. At the be-
ginning of 17th century Perast had forty big vessels and over a hundred smaller sailing
boats. Population of Perast, including its belonging villages, was 3000.
Among numerous distinguished persons of the maritime history of Perast,
special places belong to captains Marko Martinovi (1663 - 1716) who, in his nauti-
cal school, taught navigation to boyars of the Russian emperor Petar the Great, Matija
Zmajevi (1680 1735), the admiral of the Russian Baltic Fleet and Petar Smekja
(17241767) who established maritime routes between the Venetian and Baltic ports.
Between the second half of the 17th and the end of the 18th centuries Perast
experienced a great economic and cultural development, surpassing other towns and
settlements in the Bay of Boka Kotorska. In the previous period, due to constant war
threats, people of Perast had been forced to build defence buildings: a fortress and
numerous towers, while this period saw the construction of the most beautiful palaces,
are in ruined state today: Zmajevi, Mazarovi and a part of Viskovi palace. In this
period, people of Perast finished the construction and decoration of the church of Our
Lady of the Rock and built a belfry of a new church of St. Nicholas, which was to
be built at the site of the existing, old church of St. Nicholas. Perast acquired the form of
the most beautiful Baroque town on the Eastern Adriatic coast. In the same period, the
churches in Perast were provided with new richly decorated baroque altars, paintings by
Venetian masters were commissioned and Tripo Kokolja painted the church dedicated
to Our Lady of the Rock venerated as guardian of Perast and seamen.
The people of Perast have shown the sense for preserving their identity by
cherishing their language, collecting and recording folk poetry, legends and maintain-
ing customs such as: Ma (May Feast), Shooting of a cock, Fainada (throwing rocks
around the artificial island of Our Lady of the Rock in order to reinforce it).
In the 19th century, characterized by stagnation and collapse of navigation
by sailing boats, in difficult historical circumstances of Austrian (17971806), French
(18071813) and second Austrian rule (1814 1918) Perast experienced economic
www.perast.com
decline.
However, between the two world wars Perast had a status of a municipality,
a school and a museum which was founded in 1937. In the past half century Perast
gained a status of a protected town on the basis of its cultural heritage. Numerous
testimonies of history, maritime and cultural past of Perast have been kept today in the
collections of the Museum of Perast and treasuries of the churches of St. Nicholas and
PERAST
Our Lady of The Rock.
The people of Perast have been devoted to their town from earliest times, author and design: EXPEDITIO
and today it is reflected in their efforts to maintain and protect its historical and cul- www.expeditio.org
tural heritage. The first organised activities for the protection of historical and cultural photo: Stevan Kordi
heritage of Perast date back to 1928. In 1957, a Society for the protection of cultural www.kordic.info
heritage of Perast was established, being renewed and renamed in 1999 as a Society
of Friends of Perast. text: Marija Mihaliek www.tokotor.com
M O N T E N E G R O
 PERAST C R N A G O R A

Grad Perast Zvonik crkve Gospe od krpjela Samostan i crkva sv. Antuna Ikona Gospe od krpjela Palata Bujovi - Muzej grada Perasta Crkva sv. Nikole Ostrva - Sv. Dore i Gospa od krpjela

Palata Mra
Tvrava sv.Kria
Palata Brajkovi-Martinovi
Palata Krilovi

Crkva sv. Ivana Jevaneliste

Samostan i crkva sv. Antuna

Crkva sv. Mihovila

Palata Lui-Kolovi-Matikola

Palata Martinovi

Palata Balovi
Prva pomorska kola

Palata Bujovi

Palata Zmajevi

Palata Smekja

Kapela

Palata Mazarovi

Palata Bronza
Palata Vukasovi-Kolovi
Crkva sv. Ivana Krstitelja

Crkva roenja Presvete Bogorodice

Spila

Sv.Ana, Glogovac
ni put
Magistral
Magis m
tralni
put r 14 k
Herceg No Koto
vi 30 km

R R
Pirate bar
Konoba
Otok Bronza
Boarski klub

ut
Stari p

M
R
plaa Penii
plaa BORII

M
ut
Stari put R ri p
LEGENDA | KEY TO SYMBOLS:
Kapela Gospa od Rozarija sa zvonikom

Sta
Nov Picerija
i pu
t Djardin Restoran Konoba
Conte
Trg Sv.Nikole kolji R Palate | Palaces
R R MZ Parast
Crkveni objekti | Churches

Crkva Gospa od Karmena

Vila Milinovi

Kapela sv. Otkupitelja

Objekti od znaaja | Important buildings

Palata estokrilovi
Kua Tripa Kokolje

Crkva sv. Nikole

Crkva sv. Marka
Kapela sv. Kria

Palata Viskovi
M Muzeji | Museums

Palata Balovi
M
Palata izmai

R Restorani | Restaurants

Bizetina
Sv. Dore
Gospa od krpjela 0 50m 100m