BS 7371-3:1993

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BRITISH STANDARD
Incorporating
corrigendum no. 1

Coatings on metal
fasteners
Part 3: Specifications for electroplated
zinc and cadmium coatings
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 BS 7371-3:1993
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Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the General

Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee (GME/-) to Technical
Committee GME/9, upon which the following bodies were represented:
BEAMA Ltd.
British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd.
British Industrial Fasteners Federation
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
British Steel Industry (Wire Section)
Gauge and Tool Makers Association
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd.
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Washer Manufacturers Association of Great Britain

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:
British Turned-parts Manufacturers Association
Institute of Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing Association
Stainless Steel Fabricators Association of Great Britain
National Centre of Tribology

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the General
Mechanical Engineering
Standards Policy Committee,
was published under the Amendments issued since publication
authority of the Standards
Board and comes into effect
on 15 September 1993 Amd. No. Date Text affected

BSI 2007 8181 March 1994 Correction to Table C.1

The following BSI references Corrigendum no. 1
relate to the work on this
standard.
Committee reference GME/9
Draft for comment
93/702145 DC

ISBN 0 580 22520 8

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Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Specification
0 Introduction 1
1 Scope 2
2 References 2
3 Definitions 2
4 Application and type of coating 2
5 Coating 3
6 Chromate treatment 4
7 Suitability of coatings for components with parallel threads 4
8 Information to be documented and supplied to the coater 4
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9 Identification 4
Annexes
Annex A (normative) Coating thickness for threaded parts 7
Annex B (normative) Measurement of coating thickness 10
Annex C (informative) Guidance on procedures that may be adopted to
accommodate thick coatings 11
Tables
Table 1 Nominal coating thicknesses 3
Table 2 Coating designation and corrosion resistance 5
Table 3 Designation of chromate treatments 6
Table A.1 Upper limits of nominal coating thickness 8
Table C.1 Minimum fundamental deviation required to accommodate
coatings too thick to be applied to standard threads. Metric threads 12
Figure
Figure B.1 Measuring area for local coating thickness measurement on
fasteners 11
List of references 13

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Foreword

This Part of BS 7371 has been prepared under the authority of the General
Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee to provide part of a series
of standards on coatings on metal fasteners.
The attention of user of this Part of BS 7371 is drawn to the restrictions placed
on the marketing and use of cadmium and its compounds contained in the
Environmental Protection (Controls on Injurious Substances (No. 4)
Regulations 1992 [1].
WARNINGS. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or
procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken.
It refers only to technical suitability and in no way absolves wither the designer,
the producer, the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to
health and safety at any stage of manufacture or use.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
obligations.
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0 Introduction
BS 7371 deals with the performance and selection of coatings on metal fasteners and accessories.
This Part of BS 7371 specifies the requirements for zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings.
Other published Parts of BS 7371 are as follows:
BS 7371-1:1991 Specification for general requirements and selection guidelines1)
BS 7371-2:1993 Specification for torque/clamping force relationship
BS 7371-11:1993 Specification for zinc flake non-electrolytically applied cured coatings
Further Parts of the series to incorporate the following are in preparation:
Specification for electroplated nickel, nickel/chromium and copper/nickel/chromium coatings
Specification for electroplated tin and tin/lead coatings
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Specification for electroplated coatings for special purposes

Specification for mechanically applied zinc coatings
Specification for mechanically applied coatings for special purposes
Specification for phosphate and oil coatings
Specification for organic coatings
Zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings covered by this Part of BS 7371 are for use on fasteners and
accessories where the following apply:
a) a coating given galvanic protection is required for ferrous fasteners;
b) a substrate is required to improve the corrosion resistance of subsequent coatings on ferrous fasteners,
e.g. organic;
c) the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of high tensile steel fasteners is acceptable;
d) the use of cadmium is acceptable.
The coating has a silver appearance which can be modified to yellow, olive green or black by a chromate
conversion (passivation) treatment applied to improve corrosion resistance.
Additional coatings are available to further modify colour but these may influence coating performance,
e.g. lubricity or electrical conductivity.
The shape of certain parts may create difficulties in the application of a coating of uniform thickness and
reference to the coating of uniform thickness and reference to the coater is recommended to enquire if a
difficulty exists or if it can be overcome by the use of specialized processing methods.
Typical difficulties as outlined in BS 4479-1:1990 and BS 4479-2:1990 arise when bulk processing:
1) long thin parts;
2) parts with flat surfaces that can stick together during processing, e.g. flat washers;
3) parts with recesses which do not receive the full coating;
4) parts with shapes that induce nesting and interlocking;
5) the internal surfaces of hollow parts.
The coatings are suitable for application to metal components such as the following:
i) parallel threaded fasteners and accessories;
ii) screws that cut or form their own threads, e.g. self tapping screws (see for example BS 4174:1972);
iii) woodscrews (see for example BS 1210:1963);
iv) springs and spring components;
v) pipe nuts and connectors with parallel or tapered threads.

1) This is supplementary to all other Parts of BS 7371.

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When these coatings are applied to non-ferrous fasteners, the only part of the specification that will apply
will be the coating thickness requirement. These coatings should not be specified for application to copper
or copper alloys unless an undercoat is also specified, e.g. nickel.
NOTE The coating processes covered by this standard may induce hydrogen embrittlement in certain ferrous fasteners. Attention
is drawn to the appropriate requirements in BS 7371-1:1991.

1 Scope
This part of BS 7371 specifies requirements for coatings applied by the electrolysis of solutions of zinc or
cadmium. The coatings consist principally of zinc or cadmium and can be lubricated to give controlled
torque/clamping force properties when required (see for example BS 7371-2:1993).
In addition to the requirements in this Part of BS 7371, the requirements in Part 1 of the standard which
are applicable to zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings apply.
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This Part of BS 7371 also specifies requirements for the following:

a) the coating thickness;
b) the type of chromate conversion treatment to be applied;
c) quality assessment of the corrosion resistance of unused coated parts when subjected to neutral salt
spray testing (see for example BS 7479:1991);
d) adhesion test.
Annexes include tables indicating suitable coating grades for standard screw threads and methods of
determination of coating thickness.

2 References
2.1 Normative references
This part of BS 7371 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed
on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this
Part of BS 7371 only when incorporated in it by updating or revision.
2.2 Informative references
This Part of BS 7371 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these
publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference
should be made to the latest editions.

3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Part of BS 7371, the definitions given in BS 7371-1:1991 apply.

4 Application and type of coating

4.1 Cleaning and pretreatment
Parts, fasteners and accessories shall be cleaned and pretreated in accordance with Clauses 4 and 5 of
BS 7371-1:1991.
NOTE Restrictions applicable to the avoidance of embrittlement of high tensile parts should be observed.

4.2 Type of coating

The coating shall be either silver in appearance or modified by passivation types C, D or Bk (see Clause 6).
NOTE 1 The colour may be further modified by the addition of an organic top coat.
The coating shall be electrically conductive and galvanically protective to steel under most climatic
conditions.
NOTE 2 The presence of passivates, particularly the coloured ones, decreases electrical conductivity at the surface.

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Where specified by the purchaser (see item e) of Clause 8) the lubricity of the coating shall be modified by
the addition of a lubricant and the torque/clamping force performance of a coated fastener shall conform to
BS 7371-2:1993.
NOTE 3 The addition of an organic coating may affect dimensions, lubricity and electrical conductivity.

4.3 Application
The coating of zinc or cadmium shall be applied by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a salt or salts
of the appropriate metal.
NOTE Stabilizers and brighteners may be added to the solution is necessary.

5 Coating
5.1 Surface condition
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The coating shall be clean, dry and of uniform appearance. All surfaces of a component shall be coated
unless otherwise agreed. The coating shall be free from blisters or loosely adhering material.
5.2 Coating thickness
The specified coating thickness (see item b) of Clause 8) shall be applied using the relationships between
nominal, local and batch average thicknesses shown in Table 1. Coating thicknesses for threaded parts
shall conform to Annex A. The coating thicknesses shall be measured by the methods described in Annex B.
NOTE If a coating thickness other than those given in Table 1 is required, this should be agreed between the purchaser and the
supplier.

Table 1 Nominal coating thicknesses

Thicknesses in 4m

Nominal Effective coating thickness

coating
thickness1) Minimum local thickness Batch average thickness

min. max.

3 3 3 5
5 5 4 6
3 8 7 10
10 10 9 12
12 12 11 15
15 15 14 18
20 20 18 23
25 25 23 28
30 30 27 35
1)See Annex A.
NOTE BS 7371-1:1991 covers a range of thicknesses up to and
including 12 4m. Greater thicknesses are given here as these may be ordered
by the purchaser on agreement with the supplier

Local thickness shall be measured on a significant surface (see Figure B.1).

Exceeding the maximum batch average thickness shall not be a cause for rejection if the coated thread is
still accepted by an appropriate go gauge, 4h for external threads and 4H for internal threads.

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5.3 Corrosion resistance

Unless otherwise agreed, representative samples from a batch shall be selected in accordance with
Clause 7 of BS 7371-1:1991 and shall be tested for resistance to neutral salt spray in accordance with
BS 7479:1991.
Coatings shall be graded by their corrosion resistance as given in Table 2. Surfaces which are not
significant shall resist neutral salt spray for 50 % of the time given in Table 2.
NOTE For routine quality control purposes, after the ability of the coating to conform to the corrosion test is established, evaluation
of coating mass or thickness may be used, but for referee purposes the corrosion resistance requirements still apply.

5.4 Adhesion
When tested in accordance with 2.1 of BS 5411-10:1981 the metallic coating shall continue to adhere to
basic metal.
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6 Chromate treatment
The chromate treatment (passivation) shall be designated by the symbols specified in Table 3.

7 Suitability of coatings for components with parallel threads

NOTE 1 The suitability of the coatings specified in this Part of BS 7371 for parts with screw threads is limited by the clearance
between external and internal threads.
Maximum electroplating thickness to be applied to parts incorporating standard thread forms shall be as
specified in Annex A, in order to minimize the risk of interference when both threaded elements of an
assembly are similarly coated.
NOTE 2 Annex C gives guidance for modifying thread dimensions to accommodate thicker coatings.
NOTE 3 Modification of male thread dimensions from tolerance class 6g may influence the mechanical properties.

8 Information to be documented and supplied to the coater

The following information shall be fully documented and supplied to the coater:
a) the number and date of this British Standard i.e. BS 7371-3:1993;
b) the nominal coating thickness (see Table 1) and the coating designation (see Table 2);
c) the type of chromate conversion treatment required (see Clause 6);
d) the hardness and property class of the component to be plated;
e) if lubrication of the coating is required in accordance with BS 7371-2:1993;
f) the significant surfaces if not as defined in BS 7371-1:1991;
g) any additional protection required for delivery (see Clause 8 and Appendix D of BS 7371-1:1991);
h) the requirements of any subsequent operations (e.g. the application of an adhesive);
i) any special requirements (e.g. selective plating: see Annex C).

9 Identification
The coating shall be identified by the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 7371-3:19932)
together with the coating designation in accordance with Table 2.
NOTE The chromate conversion treatment is included in the designation.
A lubricated condition shall be designated by the letter L after the designation (see 4.2).
Example
A zinc electroplated coating of 8 4m thickness with yellow chromate conversion coating and added lubricant
would be identified as BS 7371-3:1993 Zn8CL.

2) Marking BS 7371-3:1993 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or
on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the
claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be
desirable.

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Table 2 Coating designation and corrosion resistance

Designation Nominal coating Chromate First appearance First appearance of rust
treatment treatment of white corrosion
designation1) product Cadmium Zinc
4m h h h
Zn or Cd 3A 32) A 2 24 12
Zn or Cd 3B B 6 24 12
Zn or Cd 3C C 24 36 24
Zn or Cd 3D D 24 36 24
Zn or Cd 5A 5 A 6 48 24
Zn or Cd 5B B 12 72 36
Zn or Cd 5C C 48 120 72
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Zn or Cd 5D D 72 168 96
Zn or Cd 5Bk Bk 12
Zn or Cd 8A 8 A 6 96 48
Zn or Cd 8B B 24 120 72
Zn or Cd 8C C 72 168 120
Zn or Cd 8D D 96 192 144
Zn or Cd 8Bk Bk 24 120 72
Zn or Cd 12A 12 A 6 144 72
Zn or Cd 12B B 24 192 96
Zn or Cd 12C C 72 240 144
Zn or Cd 12D D 96 264 168
Zn or Cd 12Bk Bk 24 192 96
1) See Clause 6.
2) Low coating thicknesses impair chromate conversion performance.

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Table 3 Designation of chromate treatments

Designation Type
A Clear
B Bleached
Bk Black
C Iridescent
D Opaque
NOTE This table is modified from Table 1 of BS 6338:1982.
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Typical appearance
Transparent clear, sometimes with a
bluish tinge
Transparent with slight iridescence
Black with slight iridescence
Yellow iridescent
Olive green, shading to brown or bronze
Corrosion protection
Slight, for example against staining
during handling or against high
humidity in mildly corrosive
conditions
Considerable, including protection
against certain organic vapours

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Annex A (normative)
Coating thickness for threaded parts
In order to reduce the risk of interference on assembly of threads with electroplated coatings, the nominal
coating thickness shall not exceed one-quarter of the fundamental deviation of the thread as specified in
Table A.1.
The effective coating thickness measured according to one of the methods specified in Annex B shall
conform to the values specified in Table 1.
If batch average thickness measurement is used for threaded parts having a nominal thread length > 5d
then a smaller nominal thickness shall be applied (see Table A.1).
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Table A.1 Upper limits of nominal coating thickness

Pitch P Nominal Internal thread External thread
thread
diameter1) Tolerance position G4) Tolerance position g4)
d
Fundamenta Nominal Fundamental Normal coating thickness max.
l deviation coating deviation
thickness 2) 3)
max.
All Nominal length l
nominal
lengths l < 5d 5d < l < 10d 10d < l < 15d

mm 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m
0.2 +17 3 p17 3 3 3 3
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0.25 1; 1.2 +18 3 p18 3 3 3 3

0.3 1.4 +18 3 p18 3 3 3 3
0.35 1.6(1.8) +19 3 p19 3 3 3 3
0.4 2 +19 3 p19 3 3 3 3
0.45 2.5(2.2) +20 5 p20 5 5 3 3
0.5 3 +20 5 p20 5 5 3 3
0.6 3.5 +21 5 p21 5 5 3 3
0.7 4 +22 5 p22 5 5 3 3
0.75 4.5 +22 5 p22 5 5 3 3
0.8 5 +24 5 p24 5 5 3 3
1 6(7) +26 5 p26 5 5 3 3
1.25 8 +28 5 p28 5 5 5 3
1.5 10 +32 8 p32 8 8 5 5
1.75 12 +34 8 p34 8 8 5 5
2 16(14) +38 8 p38 8 8 5 5
2.5 20(18; 22) +42 10 p42 10 10 8 5
3 24(27) +48 12 p48 12 12 8 8
3.5 30(33) +53 12 p53 12 12 10 8
4 36(39) +60 15 p60 15 15 12 10
4.5 42(45) +63 15 p63 15 15 12 10
5 48(52) +71 15 p71 15 15 12 10
5.5 56(60) +75 15 p75 15 15 15 12
6 64 +80 20 p80 20 20 15 12
1) Information for coarse pitch threads is given for convenience only. The determining characteristic is the thread pitch.
2) Maximum values of nominal coating thickness if local thickness measurement is agreed.
3) Maximum values of nominal coating thickness if batch average thickness measurement is agreed.
4) See BS 3643-1 and BS 3643-2.
NOTE The additional deviations that can be applied to threads specially manufactured to accommodate thick coatings are given
in Table C.1.

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Tolerance position f 4) Tolerance position e4)

Fundamental Normal coating thickness max. Fundamental Normal coating thickness max.
deviation deviation
2) 3) 2) 3)

All Nominal length l All Nominal length l

nominal nominal
lengths l < 5d 5d < l < 10d 10d < l < 15d lengths l < 5d 5d < l < 10d 10d < l < 15d

4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m
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p34 8 8 5 5
p34 8 8 5 5
p35 8 8 5 5
p36 8 8 5 5 p50 12 12 10 8
p36 8 8 5 5 p53 12 12 10 8
p38 8 8 5 5 p56 12 12 10 8
p38 8 8 5 5 p56 12 12 10 8
p38 8 8 5 5 p60 15 15 12 10
p40 10 10 8 5 p60 15 15 12 10
p12 10 10 8 5 p63 15 15 12 15
p45 10 10 8 5 p67 15 15 12 15
p48 12 12 8 8 p71 15 15 12 15
p52 12 12 10 8 p71 15 15 12 10
p58 12 12 10 8 p71 20 20 15 12
p53 15 15 12 10 p80 20 20 15 12
p70 15 15 12 10 p90 20 20 15 15
p75 15 15 15 12 p95 20 20 15 15
p80 20 20 15 12 p100 25 25 20 15
p85 20 20 15 12 p106 25 25 20 15
p90 20 20 15 12 p112 25 25 20 15
p95 20 20 15 12 p118 25 25 20 15

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Annex B (normative)
Measurement of coating thickness
B.1 Local thickness
The local thickness shall be measured by one of the methods contained in the following British Standards.
BS 5411-2:1987
BS 5411-4:1986
BS 5411-5:1984
BS 5411-8:1991
The thickness shall only be measured on the measuring areas as shown in Figure B.1.
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B.2 Determination of group and batch average coating thickness

B.2.1 Reagents
A stripping solution consisting of:
hydrochloric acid (density 1.16 g/ml to 1.18 g/ml) 800 ml
distilled water 200 ml
antimony trioxide 20 g
B.2.2 Procedure
Degrease the group of components in an organic solvent, dry thoroughly and weigh to an accuracy of 0.01 %
of the total mass of the group of components; then totally immerse the components in the stripping solution
and turn them over to allow free access to all surfaces. After the effervescence has ceased, remove the
samples, wash immediately in running water, and wipe with a soft cloth to remove any loose deposits.
Immerse in clean acetone, remove, dry thoroughly and reweigh.
B.2.3 Calculations
B.2.3.1 Calculate the group average thickness of coating (in 4m) using the following formula:

K ( m0 m 1 )
Thickness = -------------------------------
-
A

Where
3)

K is a factor dependent on the density of the coating (see B.2.3.2);

m0 is the original mass of the group of components (in g);
m1 is the final mass of the group of components (in g);
A is the total surface area of the group of components (in cm2)3).

3) Surface areas of common metric components are given in Appendix C of BS 7371-1:1991.

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Measuring area
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Figure B.1 Measuring area for local coating thickness measurement on fasteners

B.2.3.2 Values of K are as follows:

for cadmium, K = 1160, assuming a density of 8.6 g/cm3 for cadmium;
for zinc, K = 1410, assuming a density of 7.1 g/cm3 for zinc.
B.2.3.3 Calculate the batch average coating thickness from the following formula:

Batch average coating thickness = Sum of all group average coating thicknesses-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of groups

Annex C (informative)
Guidance on procedures that may be adopted to accommodate thick coatings
C.1 Modification of thread dimensions
When, in order to provide improved corrosion resistance, it is required to deposit coatings thicker than
those that appear in Table A.1 or alternatively, when it is required to apply coatings to components of
pitches smaller than appear in Table A.1, it is necessary to manufacture threads to special limits and
tolerances.
The minimum pitch limits of applicability in Table A.1 can be lowered if for any particular thread the
normal tolerance is restricted at the maximum metal limits. This provides a greater fundamental deviation
or, in the case of tolerance position H, it provides a deviation which does not otherwise exist. Alternatively,
the whole tolerance zone can be displaced to provide a greater fundamental deviation.
The minimum fundamental deviation required for particular pitches and deposit thicknesses are given in
Table C.1.
C.2 Selective electroplating
Where a thick deposit is required on a portion of the fastener, for example the heads of bolts or blind nuts,
it is often possible to use the procedure of selective electroplating. In such cases the thickness of the
deposits applied to the different areas of the fastener will need to be specified by the purchaser.

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Table C.1 Minimum fundamental deviation required to accommodate coatings too thick to
be applied to standard threads. Metric threads
Dimensions in micrometres

Normal coating Minimum fundamental deviation

thickness
If local thickness
measurement is agreed If batch average thickness measurement is agreed

All nominal lengths 1 < 5d 5d < l < 10d 10d < l < 15d

3 12 12 15 18
5 20 20 25 30
8 32 32 40 48
10 40 40 50 60
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12 48 48 60 72
15 60 60 75 90
20 80 80 100 120
25 100 100 125 150
30 120 120 150 180
NOTE 1 If the tolerance class already has a basic deviation (for example, G, g, f or e), the deviation is deducted from the relevant
deviation in Table C.1 to give the minimum additional basic deviation.
NOTE 2 Since the modifications for the thicker deposits may significantly reduce the thread engagement, their application should
be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.

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List of references (see Clause 2)

Normative references

BSI standards publications

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 3643 ISO metric screw threads
BS 3643-1:1981 Principles and basic data
BS 3643-2:1981 Specification for selected limits of size
BS 5411 Methods of test for metallic and related coatings
BS 5411-2:1987 Review of methods of measurement of thickness
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BS 5411-4:1986 Coulometric method for the measurement of coating thickness

BS 5411-5:1984 Measurement of local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the
microscopical examination of cross-sections
BS 5411-8:1991 Measurement of coating thickness of metallic coatings: X-ray
spectrometric methods
BS 5411-10:1981 Review of methods and available for testing adhesion of
electrodeposited and chemically deposited metallic coatings on
metallic substrates
BS 7371 Coatings on metal fasteners
BS 7371-1:1991 Specification for general requirements and selection guidelines
BS 7371-2:1993 Specification for torque/clamping force relationship
BS 7479:1991 Method for salt spray corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres

Informative references

BSI standards publications

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 1210:19634) Specification for wood screws
BS 4174:19724) Specification for self-tapping screws and metallic drive screws
BS 4479 Design of articles that are to be coated
BS 4479-1:19904) General recommendations
BS 4479-2:19904) Recommendations for electroplated and autocatalytic coatings
BS 6338:1982 Specification for chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc
and cadmium coatings

Other references
[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Environmental Protection (Controls on Injurious Substances) (No. 4) Regulations
1992. London: HMSO5)

4) Referred to in Clause 0 Introduction only.

5) Referred to in the foreword only.

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BSI British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing
British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the
international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.

Revisions
British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of
British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or
editions.
It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services.
We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using
this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee
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