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Fourth Semester Examination May-2017
Synchronous and Induction Machines (EE)
Part-A
Ques 4) Draw the phasor diagram of a three phase induction Motor at standstill and when operating at a
Full load slip s.
Ans: Phasor Diagram of a Three Phase Induction Motor at Full load slip s
Refer Module 4, Page no. 48-49, Ques. 14
I1R1
E1
I1
I '2
1
Ic I0
0
Im
2
I2R 2
E2
I2X 2
I2
Ques 5) What is meant by cogging in three phase Induction motor? How can it be eliminated?
Ans: Cogging
Refer Module 5, Page no. 60, Ques. 4
Ques 6) Design a three step starter for a three phase, 400V wound rotor Induction motor. Full Load slip is
3% and maximum starting current is limited to full load value. Rotor resistance per phase is 0.015.
Rx1 Rx2
1 2 3 Rx3 4
R3
R2
R1
Figure
Part-B
Note: Answer any two questions, 10 marks each. Graph sheet permitted.
Ques 9) Derive from the fundamentals, generalised equation of the EMF generated in a non salient pole
synchronous generator, taking into account the effect of 5th and 7th harmonic components. (10)
Taking into account the Effect of 5th and 7th Harmonic Components
5m
sin
5 2
For 5th harmonics K P5 cos and K d 5
2 5
m sin
2
7m
sin
7 2
and for 7th harmonics K P7 cos and K d 7
2 7
m sin
2
Ques 10) Explain the effect of armature flux on main field flux when an alternator is operating at: i)
Lagging pf ii) Unity pf.
State the reason of accounting the effect of armature reaction as a fictitious reactance in calculations. (10)
Ques 11) A 3 phase, 6000V star connected alternator has the following OCC at normal speed.
With armature short circuited and full load current flowing, the field current is 17A and when the
machine is supplying full load of 20000kVA at zpf, the field current is 42.5A and terminal voltage is
6000V. Determine the field current required when the machine is supplying full load at 0.8pf lagging. (10)
Ans: While plotting O.C.C., convert the given line voltages to the phase values.
1000
B
0 If (Amp)
C 10 A 20 30 40 50
Ff1 = 26 A 42.5 A
17 A FR
36.58 A
Figure 3.43
From potier triangle PQR, the armature leakage reactance drop is (RS) = 0.9cm
IphXLph = (RS) scale = 0.9 500 = 450V
E1ph A
O
IaXLph
Vph
Iph
Figure 3.44
In triangle OAB
(E1ph)2 = (OB)2 + (AB)2
= (Vph cos)2 + (Vph sin + IphXLph)2
= (3464.1 0.8)2 + (3464.1 0.6 + 450)2
E1ph = 3751.41V
From O.C.C. Ff1 = 26A
The field current for balancing armature reaction can be obtained from potier triangle, which is length, PS.
90 + 14.5A
O 26 A Ff1 A
Figure 3.45
Part-C
Ans: Given,
Ra = 10% = 0.1 p.u., Xd = 0.8 p.u., Xq = 0.6 p.u.
Let terminal voltage be 1 p.u and full load armature current as 1 p.u.
Vt sin I a X q
1) tan {cos = 0.8 log}
Vt cos I a R a
1 0.6 1 0.6
1.33
1 0.8 1 0.1
= 53.13
= = 53.13 36.86
= 16.27
Id = Ia sin = 1 sin 53.13 = 0.799
Iq = Ia cos = 1 0.6 = 0.6
Now Ef = Vt cos + Id Xd + Iq Ra
= 1 cos 16.27 + 0.799 0.8 + 0.6 0.1
Ef = 1.659 p.u
E f Vt
% Regulation 100 65.9%
Vt
2) At 3/4th load Ia = 0.75 p.u
1 0.6 0.75 0.6 1.05
tan 1.2
1 0.8 0.75 0.1 0.875
= 50.19
= = 50.19 36.86 = 13.33
Id = Ia sin = 0.75 0.768 = 0.576
Iq = Ia cos = 0.75 cos 50.19 = 0.480
Ef = Vt cos + Id Xd + Iq Ra = 1 cos 13.33 + 0.576 0.8 + 0.48 0.1
Ef = 1.482
E f Vt
% Regulation 100
Vt
1.482 1
100
1
= 0.482 100
= 48.2%
Ques 13) With the help of a phasor diagram explain the parallel operation of alternators under no load
and loaded condition. (10)
Ans: Parallel Operation of Alternators under No Load and Loaded Condition with Phasor Diagram
Consider two alternators operated in parallel as shown in the figure 1.
I1 I2
Z1 Z2 Load
V Z
E1 E2
Figure 1
E1 E2
E1
E2
Ques 14) Derive the expression for the mechanical power developed in a 3 phase Induction motor. Draw
the approximate equivalent circuit also. (10)
Part-D
Now, rotor Cu losses are half the total Cu loss. Hence point E will be between A and E such that
AE 1 1
i.e, AE AF
AF 2 2
Join O'E. This is the torque line.
8) To locate full load point, draw AA' such that AA' represents full load output to the power scale.
2.4 103
AA' 1.72cm
1394.072
9) Draw parallel to the o/p line from A' to meet circle at point P. This is full load point.
10) Draw vertical line from P to intersect o/p line at Q, torque line at R, base line at S and X-axis at T.
So at full load,
i) Line current = (OP) current scale
= 2.9 2 = 5.8A
QR Rotor Cu loss 0.1cm
ii) Slip, s PR 0.0526 5.26%
Rotor i/p 1.9cm
O/P PQ 1.8
iii) Efficiency 0.8035 80.35%
I / P PT 2.24
iv) cos = cos (made by OP with voltage axis)
= cos 40 = 0.766lagging
v) For max torque, draw line parallel to torque line and tangential to circle, at point J. Draw vertical line
JK
(JK) = 5.5cm = 5.5 1394.072
= 7667.4 synchronous watts
This is the max torque.
Voltage
Scale 1cm = 2A
J A'
69.5 P
K
Q F B
R
O' S
O T C D
Figure
Ques 16 a) With the help of a neat diagram, explain how an Induction motor can he started using a star
delta starter. (05)
Ques 16 b) Determine approximately the starting torque of an Induction motor in terms of full load
torque when started by means of:
i) Star delta starter
ii) Auto transformer with 50% tapping. Ignore I.
The short circuit current of motor at normal voltage is 5 times the full load current and slip at FL is 5%.
(05)
Ques 17) Explain the following starting methods of a single phase Induction motor.
i) Split phase starting
ii) Capacitor start-capacitor run starting. (10)