Characteristic curve

In the first Cartesian dial are shown the Torque, in [Nm] (X axis), the rotation speed, in [Rpm]
(Y1 axis), the current consumption in [A] (Y2 axis), the efficiency (Y3 axis).

- For completeness, only in this graph, is represented also the output power curve in[W] (Y4
axis). In the technical data sheets the output power curve is not present.
Below are listed the reference parameters and is explained how to read the characteristic curve.

Continuous
S1
functioning area
Nominal tension Vn [V] Supply tension
n0
No load speed Motor's speed with no load applied
[Rpm]
No load current I0 [A] Current absorbed by the motor with no load applied
N
Nominal speed Minimum speed to which the motor can run continuously
[Rpm]
MN
Nominal torque Maximum torque to which the motor can run continuously
[Nm ]
Nominal current In [A] Maximum current to which the motor can run continuously
Ms
Stall torque Torque with blocked rotor
[Nm]
Stall current Is [A] Current with blocked rotor
Pmax
Maximum power The maximum power the motor can supply
[W]
Maximum Maximum value of the relation between produced power and
max
efficiency supplied power (C*)/ (V*I) that is [Nm*rad *s^(-1)]/ [V*A].

How to read the characteristic curve

To each Torque value corresponds a value of current and speed. Every point, corresponding to a
specific load is located on an ideal, vertical line starting from the torque value on the x axis.
In the chart is then defined an area called continuous working area which encloses all the
working condition up to the line defining the nominal values.

The nominal working load is the last one, in ascending order of applied load, to which the motor
can work continuously without being damaged.

The nominal values written in the technical data sheets are indicative values and to homologate a
product its necessary to run a life test.

About the life of a Dc motor or a DC gear motor, there are no parameter to define with
precision how long can run a motor under a specific load and with a certain duty cycle.

Every application has in fact their peculiarities, like mechanical friction, peaking, special
environmental conditions, which can condition also strongly the brushes life.

V Curve of a Synchronous Motor

V curve is a plot of the stator current versus field current for different constant loads. The Graph
plotted between the armature current Ia and field current If at no load the curve is obtained
known as V Curve. Since the shape of these curves is similar to the letter V, thus they are
called V curve of synchronous motor.

The power factor of the synchronous motor can be controlled by varying the field current If. As
we know that the armature current Ia changes with the change in the field current If. Let us
assume that the motor is running at NO load. If the field current is increased from this small
value, the armature current Ia decreases until the armature current becomes minimum. At this
minimum point, the motor is operating at unity power factor. The motor operates at lagging
power factor until it reaches up to this point of operation.
The V curves of a synchronous motor are shown below.

The point at which the unity power factor occurs is at the point where the armature current is
minimum. The curve connecting the lowest points of all the V curves for various power levels is
called the Unity Power Factor Compounding Curve. The compounding curves for 0.8 power
factor lagging and 0.8 power factor leading are shown in the figure above by a red dotted line.