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Document Name: ASTM A500: Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon
Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
Official Incorporator:
THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Standard Specification for
COLD-FORMED WELDED AND SEAMLESS
CARBON STEEL STRUCTURAL TUBING!IN
ROUNDS AND SHAPES!
This Standard is issued under the fixed designation A 500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of
last reapproval.
436
A 500
shaH be made by the manufacturer. This anal- tinued. During the second step, which is a test
ysis shall be made from a test ingot taken for ductility exclusive of the weld, no cracks
during the pouring of the heat. The chemical or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces,
composition th us determined shall conform to except as provided for in 8.5, shall occur until
the requirements specified in Table 1 for heat the distance between the plates is less than
analysis. one half of the original outside diameter of
the tubing but is not less than five times the
6. Product Analysis wall thickness of the tubing. During the third
6.1 An analysis may be made by the pur- step, which is a test for soundness, the
chaser from finished tubing manufactured in flattening shall be continued until the speci-
accordance with this specification, or an anal- men breaks or the opposite walls of the tubing
ysis may be made from flat-rolled stock of meet. Evidence of laminated or unsound
which the welded tubing is manufactured. material or of incomplete weld that is re-
When product analyses are made, two sample vealed during the entire flattening test shall
lengths from a lot of each 500 lengths or frac- be cause for rejection.
tion thereof shall be selected. The specimens 8.3 For seamless round structural tubing
2% in. (60.3 mm) outside diameter and
for chemical analysis shall be taken from the
sample lengths in accordance with ASTM larger, a section not less than 2 Y2 in. (63.5
Method E 59, Sampling Steel and Iron for mm) in length shall be flattened cold between
Determination of Chemical Composition." parallel plates in two steps. During the first
The chemical composition th us determined step, which is a test for ductility no cracks or
shall conform to the requirements specified in breaks on the inside or outside surfaces,
except as provided for in 8.5, shall occur un-
Table 1 for product analysis.
6.2 In the event the chemical composition til the distance between the plates is less
than the value of "H" calculated by the fol-
of one of the sample lengths does not conform
lowing equation:
to the requirements shown in Table I for
product analysis, an analysis of two additional H = (I + e)tl(e + tiD)
lengths selected from the same lot shall be where:
made, each of which shall conform to the H distance between flattening plates, in.,
requirements shown in Table 1 for product e = deformation per unit length (constant
analysis, or the lot is subject to rejection. for a given grade of steel, 0.09 for
Grade A, 0.07 for Grade B, and 0.06 for
7. Tensile Requirements Grade C),
7.1 The material, as represented by the test nominal wall thickness of tubing, in.,
specimen, shall conform to the requirements and
as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2. D actual outside diameter of tubing, in.
During the second step, which is a test for
8. Flattening Test soundness, the flattening shall be continued
until the specimen breaks or the opposite
8.1 The flattening test shall be made on walls of the tubing meet. Evidence of lami-
round structural tubing. A flattening test is nated or unsound material that is revealed
not required for shaped structural tubing. during the enti re flattening test shall be cause
8.2 For welded round structural tubing, a for rejection.
specimen at least 4 in. (102 mm) in length 8.4 Surface imperfections not found in the
shall be flattened cold between parallel plates test specimen before flattening, but revealed
in three steps, with the weld located at 90 deg during the first step of the flattening test,
from the line of direction of force. During the shall be judged in accordance with Section 16:
first step, which is a test for ductility of the 8.5 When low D-to-t ratio tubulars are
weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or tested, because the strain imposed due to
outside surfaces shall occur until the distanc.e geometry is unreasonably high on the inside
between the plates is less than two thirds of surface at the 6 and 12 o'clock locations,
the original outside diameter of the tUbing. As
a second step, the flattening shall be con- 2 Annual Book of ASTMStandards, Part 12.
437
A: 500
crqcks at tl1ese IQc~tions shall ,not be caus!,! .IQtwiginally (epre~ented;;may be tested. and
for rejectionif the D-to-t,ratiois less than 10. shaH comply.with all req lliI:ements , of this
9.' Test Methods" " specification. ,!
9. k The tensiOll ;specimens required by this 12\' PeriIiisSitil~ Variations 'in Diniensions '
spt:cification shall conform to those described '12,\' Rouna Structural Tubing:
in the latest issue of ASTM 'Methods and 12.1.1 Diameter-The outside diameter
Definitions A 370,' for the Mechanical Testing shaH not vary more than 0.5 percent
of Steel Products, Supplementary 'Require- rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. (0.13 inrti), of
'ments,U}" '. "" the nominal outside diameter size specified,
'9;.2 The, tension test specimen sh:alloe {or ,nQminaloutside diamet~r dimensions
taken longitudinallY from 'a seCtionoftlie {in- 1.900 in . .(4S.26 mm}and. smaller, qnd phiS
ished itubing, at if -idcation at least' 90 deg <!nd minus 0.75 perceQ(rounded to the nearest
from the weld in the 'case ,Of welded tubing, 0.005 .in, of the,nominal olltside, diameter Jo.r
'and shall not be flattened betw1ien gage no~ip~1 outside. diarp.eter di~en~ions 2.00 in.
marks. If desired, the tehsio'if tests may be qud larger. ,The outsi<ie diameter m~asure
made' on thb full sectibn ohhe'tubing; otHer- men,ts shalLb~ made at positions at least 2 i~,
wise,'a longitudihal strip-test specimen as pre- (SO.8 mm) from eitge( end of the tubing.
sc'ribed'in 'Methods A 370 ;Supplementary '12:1.2 Wall. Thickness- The,minimum wqll
Requirements II 'shall be used. The specimens thickness at any point.of measurement on ,nre
shall have all" :burrsremoved arid i shail not tubing. shall be not ,more than 19 percent.!ess
contain, suffac~ iiiljJerfectionswhich would than.the .nominal wall thickness specified .. Jhe
interfere with' I proper ':determiriation 01 the maximum Wall ,thickne,ss, excluding the weld
tensile properties' of tlie'mel'at " ,seam or' welded tubing, sh<!11 be not more
9.3 The yield point shal!' be determinell in than 10 percent greater than the nominal wall
accordance ,with one of the alternative thickness specified. '
methods described in Methods A 370: 12.1.3 Leng;th-S,~ructu~al tubing i~ no~
10. Number' of Tests mallypXoduced in ranOQ,mmill lengths 5 ft
10.1 One tension test as specified in,-SeC- ,(1.5 m) and over, in mUltiple lengths, allO; il1
tion 9 shall' be madeftomaIength;oftubing specified mill lengths." ,R~fer, to;, Section,.2,
representing ea'ch lot. When'specified mill lengths, are ordered,.,the
10.2 'Thefllmenirrg test, as specified in Sec- length.-tolerance shall .,be in :aCcordance wit)1
tiort S'shall be made on dne'length of round Table 3,
tubing from each lot: ' 12.1.4 Straightness~Tpe, p!;rl1Jiss~ble,yar!a
; '10:3 The term "Iot" applies to all tubes of tion for straightness of round struct1Jral
the same nominal size and wall' thickness tJbihg shall bg', Ys in: 'tilne~the ilI1mber of feet
which ::fieproduced fr~m 'the 'same heat of (10':4 mm'tirries' 'the': nufuber of meters),of
steeL ,: , t6tal1ength divided by 5. "
(I .<;:~, 'I: ',' 12.2 Square and Rectangular Structural
11. Retests. , '. ." .'" , , Tubing
" i!:l' If the res,ulis' of the mechanical 'i~sts ;; 12,2.1 Outside Dimensions~The specified
fe'presepting; ~~y ilc,lt do.' no'f '.co~f6'tin' to 're~ a: dimensions, measiired aCrosS the flats at posi-
'qiiirement as specified' in SeCtion's 7 and'S, tions'aicleitst 2 in. (50;S :mm) from either end
< '. '. J .
' II >I ~ l'"
'0" 0 " ' ." j.; ". 1 '
\ : , . '," " l
retests may be made on addition.itl tubing <?f 'of the tubing and including an allowance': for
double the original number f[()ID the sarrje lot, convexity; or "conoavity ,shall not exceed the
each [of ;~hidi 's~aJL borif6h~ 't8' the require- plilS~hd; 'minus tolerahces,sho,wri inl1f~ ble4J '
;ment i spe91hed;~~, hi,~' t~bl,ng' r~pre~eh~ed',b,y c:~.1'I:2',2;2 ;Wall ,Thickness""'-The t:olerance for
.l<.~~! .,J.;~.;J,'>:.: '0,1 ~11. C):.,', !t,d! '" .i,l!
tl1e test Is,ubjectto reJectl()n: ' .. ,'." 'L,; wall thicknessiexdusive" uf.the weld area':shaU
'11.2 In caseoffaifure6ri retesi'to ~meet the be plus"and'minus 10 percent-of the nominal
. require~ents of secti~ns 7 imd 8, 'the m~nuc :wa\l,thickne'ss::spedfied, T-he<wall thicknessris
'facturer' may ekc~ 'to' retr6!it,rewb';k" or oth- :to;be :mea:s:uri-:d: anhe"center of the ,flat! ''-''l
erwise eliminate the coridltlon responsible Jor . ,~f j";"' j ,.. ~ ! , ' , l f:
f~il~~e to ~eet the speciri~d" req~irements.
I,
''AhHiuli Bo'ok'bjASTM'Slandards;'Pahs"i;2i 3,4; 6,
Thereafter; the ITHlterj~~;\~~w~inil')g frow the <\od)O,.' ':: i" ",' :".:,
438
A 500
439
A 500
lation to be l\nsuitable for the intended, use, to mutual investigation as to the nature and
under the scope and .requirements of this severity of the deficiency and the formin:g' 'Or
specification, ,may be set aside and the lliailu- instililatlon, or both, conditions involved. Dis-
facturer hOtifi,ed., Such tubing shaH be subject position shall be a mattet for agtd:ri1enL
Round.structur~1 Tubing
Tensile Strength. min; psi (MPa) 45 OM(3iO) 58 000 (400) ' 6 2 600 (427)
Yield Strength, min. psi (M Pal , 39000 (269) ;46 OOb (317)'" 50 oM (345)
, Elon\!.a~ion in 2 in. (50.8 mm),;min. % 25 23' " 21<
Ap~lies tospecifled wall thicknesses 0.120 in. (3.05 Dim) and over. For' wail ti]icknessesunder 0.120 in.; theminimu~
elongation shall be calculated by the formula, perceht' elongation in 2 in. = 561 + 1 7 . 5 . . ' . . ."
'Applies to specified wall t~ickn~sses 0,180, in. (4,57 mm) and'over: For wall thicknesses under 0.180 in . the miriiniiirr\
elongation shail be calculatecl by the form'ula: rercent elongation in 2 iiB =,611 + 12, ' . .'
C Appiies to specified willi thIcknesses 0.120 ill. (3.05 mm) and over. For li~htrr wal! thicknesses. elongAtion shall be by
agreement with themailufacttir'er::" .
. NOTE~The'follo",ingtable gives completed minimum values for limgitlldinal strip tests:
0.iSQ(4.57) 23
0.'165 (4.19) 22
,; . 0.148 (3.76) 21
0.134 (3.40) 20 . ,
'0.120 (3.05) 25 19.5
0.109 (2.77) 23.5 19
0:095 (2;41) '23, . 18
0.083 (2.11) 22 17
0.065 (1.05) 21 16
: 0.049 (1.24) 20 15
0,035 (0.89) ,"J1I
19.5 14
, '
440
~~Ib A 500
TABLE 3 Specified Mill Length Tolerances for Round TABLE 5 Specified Mill Length Tolerances for Square
Structural Tubing and Rectangular Structural Tubing
Over 22 to 44 Over 22 ft to
22 ft (6.7 m)
ft (6.7 to 22 ft (6.7 m) 44 ft (6.7 to
and Under 13.4 m), inel 13.4 m),
and Under
incl
Over Under Over Under
'Over Under Over Under
Length tolerance for spec- II, YI % 1;.\
ified mill length, in. (12.7) (6.4) (19.0) (6.4) Length tolerance for spec- V, If.t % 1;.\
(mm) ified mill length, in. (12.7) (6.4) (19.0) (6.4)
(mm)
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in connection with any item men.tioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is eniirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five
years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or
for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration
at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received
afair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.
19103, which will schedule a further hearing regarding your comments. Failing satisfaction there, you may appeal to the
ASTM Board of Directors.
441