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1. What is the number of sigma (s) and pi (p) bonds and the hybridization of the carbon atom in
O
H C O H
-
Sigma Pi Hybridization
A. 1 2
4 sp
B. 1 3
4 sp
C. 2 3
3 sp
D. 1 2
3 sp
I. Diamond
II. Graphite
A. I and II only
D. I, II and III
4. Which of the following species is (are) planar (has (have) all the atoms in one plane)?
CO 23
I.
NO 3
II.
2
SO 3
III.
1
A. I only C. I and II only
5. What is the molecular shape and the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in NH 3?
A. Sigma bonds are formed only by s orbitals and pi bonds are formed only by p orbitals.
B. Sigma bonds are formed only by p orbitals and pi bonds are formed only by s orbitals.
C. Sigma bonds are formed by either s or p orbitals, pi bonds are formed only by p orbitals.
3
7. NO is trigonal planar and NH3 is trigonal pyramidal. What is the type of hybridization of N in
each of these species?
3
N in NH3
N in NO
2 3
A. sp sp
2 2
B. sp sp
3 2
C. Sp sp
3 3
D. sp sp
8. In ethanol, C2H5OH (l), there are covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.
Which bonds or forces are broken when ethanol is vaporized?
2
A. the attraction between nuclei and electrons
10. Which statement is correct about multiple bonding between carbon atoms?
Short Answers:
1. (i) List the following substances in order of increasing boiling point (lowest first).
(2)
(ii) State whether each compound is polar or non-polar, and explain the order of boiling points
in (c)(i).
(8)
2. Atomic orbitals can mix by hybridization to form new orbitals for bonding.
Identify the type of hybridization present in each of the three following molecules.
Deduce and explain their shapes.
(i) OF2
(3)
(ii) H2CO
(3)
(iii) C2H2
(3)
3. (i) Use the VSEPR theory to predict and explain the shape and the bond angle of each of the
molecules SCl2 and C2Cl2
(ii) Deduce whether or not each molecule is polar, giving a reason for your answer.
(3)
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(6)
5. The boiling points of the hydrides of group 6 elements increase in the order
5
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................................................................................................................................................
(6)
Answers:
1) A 2) C 3) C 4) C 5) D 6) C 7) A 8) D
9) B 10) D
Short Answers:
1) Lowest Highest
Ethane Ethanone Ethanol Ethanoic acid
5) As size increases down Family 16, the electronegativity decreases. As a result, the H-bonding
progressively weakens, making for easier breaking of the intermolecular forces.