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Angular acceleration
measures how rapidly the
angular velocity is changing:
Slide 7-10
Linear and Circular Motion Compared
Slide 7-11
Linear and Circular Kinematics Compared
Slide 7-12
Tangential Acceleration
at = r
Slide 7-14
Torque
Which force would be most effective in opening the door?
Slide 7-15
Interpreting Torque
Torque is due to the component of the force
perpendicular to the radial line.
= rF = rF sin
Slide 7-16
A Second Interpretation of Torque
= r F = rF sin
Slide 7-17
Example (text problem 8.12): The pull cord of a lawnmower
engine is wound around a drum of radius 6 6.00
00 cm
cm, while the
cord is pulled with a force of 75.0 N to start the engine. What
magnitude torque does the cord apply to the drum?
F 75 N
F=75
= r F
= rF
R=6.00 cm = (0.06 m )(75.0 N ) = 4.5 Nm
8
Example
Revolutionaries attempt to pull down a statue of the Great
Leader by pulling on a rope tied to the top of his head. The
statue is 17 m tall, and they pull with a force of 4200 N at an
angle
l off 65 to
t the
th hhorizontal.
i t l Wh
Whatt iis th
the ttorque they
th exertt on
the statue? If they are standing to the right of the statue, is the
torque positive or negative?
Slide 7-18
Newtons Second Law for Rotation
= /I
I = moment of inertia. Objects
j with larger
g moments of
inertia are harder to get rotating.
I = mi ri 2
Slide 7-24
Moments of Inertia of Common Shapes
Slide 7-25
Example (text problem 8.2): What is the rotational inertia of a
solid iron disk of mass 49
49.0
0 kg with a thickness of 5
5.00
00 cm
and a radius of 20.0 cm, about an axis through its center and
perpendicular to it?
2 2
12
Example: (a) Find the moment of inertia of the system below.
Th masses are m1 and
The d m2 and
d th
they are separated
t dbby a
distance r. Assume the rod connecting the masses is
massless.
r1 and r2 are the distances
between mass 1 and the
rotation axis and mass 2
m1 r1 r2 and the rotation axis (the
m2
dashed, vertical line)
respectively.
p y
13
Example continued:
= (2.00 kg
k )(0.33 m ) + (1.00 kg
k )(0.67 m )
2 2
= 0.67 kg m 2
= 1.00 kg m 2 14
Example (text problem 8.2): What is the rotational inertia of a
solid iron disk of mass 49
49.0
0 kg with a thickness of 5
5.00
00 cm
and a radius of 20.0 cm, about an axis through its center and
perpendicular to it?
2 2
15
Rotational and Linear Dynamics Compared
Slide 7-26
Example
The motor in a CD player exerts a torque of
7.0 x 10-4 N m. What is the disks angular
acceleration? (A CD has a diameter of 12.0 cm
and
d a mass off 16 g.))
Slide 7-28
Example
A baseball bat has a mass of 0 0.82
82 kg and is 0
0.86
86 m long
long. Its
It s
held vertically and then allowed to fall. What is the bats
angular acceleration when it has reached 20 from the
vertical?
ti l? (Model
(M d l th
the b
batt as a uniform
if cylinder).
li d )
Slide 7-29
Constraints Due to Ropes and Pulleys
Slide 7-30
Example
How long does it take the small mass to fall 1
1.0
0 m when
released from rest?
Slide 7-31
Work done from Torque
21
Example (text problem 8.25): A flywheel of mass 182 kg has a
radius of 0.62
0 62 m (assume the flywheel is a hoop)
hoop).
rev 2 rad
d 1 min
i
f = 120 = 12.6 rad/sec
min 1 rev 60 sec
= rF = r (ma ) = rm(r ) = mr 2
t
2
f i 2
f
= mr = mr = 29.4 Nm
t t
22
Example continued:
(b) How much work is done in this 30 sec period?
W = = (av t )
i + f f
= t = t = 5600 J
2 2
23
Rotational KE and Inertia
For a rotating solid body:
n
1 1 1 1
K rot = m1v1 + m2 v2 + + mn vn = mi vi2
2 2 2
2 2 2 i =1 2
25
Example (text problem 8.35): A sign is supported by a uniform
horizontal boom of length 33.00
00 m and weight 80 80.0
0NN. A cable
cable,
inclined at a 35 angle with the boom, is attached at a
distance of 2.38 m from the hinge at the wall. The weight of
th sign
the i iis 120
120.0
0 N.
N What
Wh t iis th
the ttension
i iin th
the cable
bl and
d what
h t
are the horizontal and vertical forces exerted on the boom by
the hinge?
g
26
Example continued:
y
Fy T
FBD for the bar:
X
Fx x
wbar
Fsb
(1) Fx = Fx T cos = 0
Apply the conditions for
equilibrium to the bar: (2) Fy = Fy wbar Fsb + T sin = 0
L
(3) = wbar Fsb (L ) + (T sin )x = 0
2
27
Example continued:
L
wbar + Fsb (L )
T= 2
Equation (3) can be solved for T:
i
x sin
= 352 N
28
Equilibrium in the Human Body
29
Example continued:
y
Fb
hinge
hi
(elbow
x
joint)
Fca
w
= F x
b 1 wx2 Fca x3 = 0
wx2 + Fca x3
Fb = = 130 N
x1
30
Rolling Objects
The object with the largest linear velocity (v) at the bottom
of the ramp will win the race.
33
Example continued:
34
Example continued:
1
I disk = mR 2
2
The moments of inertia are: 2
I sphere = mR
R2
5
4
For the disk: vdisk = gh
3 Since Vsphere> Vdisk the
sphere wins the race
race.
10
For the sphere: vsphere = gh
7
35
How do objects in the previous example roll?
y
N
FBD:
Both the normal force and the weight act through the center
of mass so = 0.
0 This means that the object cannot rotate
when only these two forces are applied.
36
Add friction:
y = F r = I
s
FBD: N F = w sin F = ma
x s cm
Fs
F = N w cos = 0
y
x
v 2 = v02 + 2ax
p L
Fnet = lim net = lim
t 0 t t 0 t
p = mv L = I
Units of p are kg m/s Units of L are kg m2/s
38
Example (text problem 8.69): A turntable of mass 5.00 kg has
a radius of 0
0.100
100 m and spins with a frequency of 0
0.500
500
rev/sec. What is the angular momentum? Assume a uniform
disk.
rev 2 rad
= 0.500 = 3.14 rad/sec
sec 1 rev
1 2
L = I = MR = 0.079 kg
g m 2 /s
2
39
Example (text problem 8.75): A skater is initially spinning at a
rate of 10.0
10 0 rad/sec with II=2.50
2 50 kg m2 when her arms are
extended. What is her angular velocity after she pulls her
arms in and reduces I to 1.60 kg m2?
Li = L f
I ii = I f f
Ii 2.50 kg m 2
f = 1.60 kg m 2 (10.0 rad/sec) = 15.6 rad/sec
i =
If
40
The Vector Nature of Angular
Momentum
41
Curl the fingers of your right hand so that they curl in the
direction a point on the object moves, and your thumb will
point in the direction of the angular momentum.
42
Consider
C id a person
holding a spinning
wheel. When viewed
from the front, the
wheel spins CCW.
44
Initially there is no angular momentum about the vertical axis.
When the wheel is moved so that it has angular
g momentum
about this axis, the platform must spin in the opposite
direction so that the net angular momentum stays zero.
45
It is
i not.
t The
Th floor
fl exerts
t a torque
t on the
th system
t (platform
( l tf +
person), thus angular momentum is not conserved here.
46