1.

(a)

Manipulated variable: Containers of different sizes

Volume of air in the container

Combustion of candle
Responding variable: Time taken for candle to extinguish
Time taken for candle flame to go off.
Length of time a candle burns

Fixed variable: Type and size of candle(s)

Type of candle

(b)

Container Time taken for candle to burn (s)

X 15.0 s
Y 28.0s
Z 40.0s

(c)
40
Time taken for candle to burn (s)

302

20

10

X Y Z

Container
(d)
 Candle can burn longer in container Z which contains more air.
  A candle burns longer in a larger container.
 Time taken for candle to burn depend on/affected by the size of the container.
(e)
 Bigger container contains more air that allows longer burning period
 Candle takes a longer time to extinguish in bigger container compares to smaller
container.
 Candle extinguishes faster in smaller container in relation to bigger container.
 A candle will burn longer in a larger container because there is more oxygen.
(f)

 As the size of the container increases, the time taken for the candle to burn also
increases
(g)

P Q R

2(a)

The value of resistance

Manipulated variable:

The value of electric current

Responding variable:
Ammeter reading

Number of dry cells/ type of resistor

Fixed variable:
(b)

Resistor (Ω) 1 2 5 10

Reading of ammeter (A) 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3

(c) As the resistance increases, the current flowing through the circuit decreases.
  The higher the resistance, the lower the current flowing through the circuit.
 The lower the resistance, the higher the current flowing through the circuit.

(d )
1.0

0.9
x
0.8

0.7
x
Current (A)

0.6

0.5
x

0.4

0.3
x
0.2

0.1

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Resistance (Ω)
(e) The amount of current depends on the value of resistance.

(f) 0.38 A

(g) As the resistance increases, the brightness of the bulb decreases

The higher the resistance the dimmer the bulb.

The brightness of the bulb decreases when the resistance increases

4(a)
 Surface area of filter paper
Manipulated variable:
Size of filter paper

Rate of evaporation
Responding variable: Time taken for evaporation of filter paper to take place
Rate of water evaporation

The surrounding temperature

Controlled variable: The environmental condition/ temperature
Air movement
Humidity

(b) The larger the surface area, the faster is the rate of evaporation of water.

The smaller the surface area, the slower is the rate of evaporation of water.
(c )

500
Time taken for filter paper to dry (s)

400

3002

200

100

(d)
P Q R
Filter paper
  Filter paper R takes longer time to dry compares to P and Q.
 Filter paper P dries faster than filter papers Q and R.
 The filter paper with the largest surface area dries up the fastest.
(e)

 The rate of evaporation of water will increase if the exposed surface area of filter paper
increases.
 The rate of water evaporation depends on the size of the surface area.
(f)

 As the surface area of the filter paper increases, the rate for the filter paper to dry also
increases
 Filter paper with larger surface area takes shorter time to dry.
 Filter paper with smaller surface area takes longer time to dry.
 The larger the surface area of the filter paper, the faster is the time taken for the filter paper
to dry.
(g) (i) Container Y / Y

(ii) Larger exposed surface area of water evaporates faster.

Rate of evaporation increases when the surface area of water exposed increases.
Because Y has the largest surface area.

5 a Manipulated variable : Volume of water 1 mark

Responding : water temperature 1 mark
Controlled : size/type of conical flasks/type of 1 mark
thermometer / time taken o conduct the temperature
b Water temperature of the smaller/lesser volume decreasing 1 mark
faster / Volume of water causes the final temperature of
water
C F : 78 C C (77 – 79) 1 mark
G : 70 C C (69 – 71) 1 mark

d all point correct 1 mark

smooth straight line 1 mark
 110

100

90
Conical flasks F
80

70

60

50 Conical flasks G

40

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30

e Conical flasks F (high volume of water ) contain more heat / 1 mark

higher temperature / conical flask H more faster water
temperature decreasing o / on the other way round
f 63 0 C (62 0 C- 64 0 C) 1 mark
g The greater the volume of liquid , the greater the amount of 1 mark
heat stored.
h The reading of temperature 1 mark

8 a i)Car painted black/B give a hotter feeling compare car 1 mark

painted white/A.
ii)Colour of car influence the hotness inside the car. 1 mark
iii)Black surface absorbs heat better than white surface
1 mark
o
b 75 C 1 mark
55oC 1 mark
c Scale – correct 1 mark
Bar chart -correct 1 mark
d Manipulated variable = colour of surface 1 mark
 Responding variable = Reading of thermometer 1 mark

Controlled variable = distance of heat source to each surface

1 mark
e Besause white colour is a poor absorber of heat 1 mark
f The increasing of temperature. 1 mark