6/16/2017 Orange(fruit)Wikipedia

Orange(fruit)
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheorangeisthefruitofthecitrusspeciesCitrussinensisinthefamily
Rutaceae.[1]Itisalsocalledsweetorange,todistinguishitfromtherelated
Citrusaurantium,referredtoasbitterorange.Thesweetorange
reproducesasexually(apomixisthroughnucellarembryony)varietiesof
sweetorangearisethroughmutations.[2]

Theorangeisahybridbetweenpomelo(Citrusmaxima)andmandarin
(Citrusreticulata).Ithasgenesthatare~25%pomeloand~75% Anorange,wholeandsplit
mandarin[2][3]however,itisnotasimplebackcrossedBC1hybrid,but
hybridizedovermultiplegenerations.[4]Thechloroplastgenes,and
thereforethematernalline,seemtobepomelo.[2]Thesweetorangehashad
itsfullgenomesequenced.[2]Earlierestimatesofthepercentageofpomelo
genesvaryingfrom~50%to6%havebeenreported.[3]

SweetorangeswerementionedinChineseliteraturein314BC.[2]Asof
1987,orangetreeswerefoundtobethemostcultivatedfruittreeinthe
world.[5]Orangetreesarewidelygrownintropicalandsubtropicalclimates
fortheirsweetfruit.Thefruitoftheorangetreecanbeeatenfresh,or
processedforitsjuiceorfragrantpeel.[6]Asof2012,sweetoranges Orangeblossomsandorangesontree
accountedforapproximately70%ofcitrusproduction.[7]

In2014,70.9milliontonnesoforangesweregrownworldwide,withBrazil
producing24%oftheworldtotalfollowedbyChinaandIndia.[8]

Contents
1 Botanicalinformationandterminology
2 Etymology
3 Varieties
3.1 Commonoranges
3.1.1 Valencia
3.1.2 Hart'sTardiffValencia
3.1.3 Hamlin
3.1.4 Othervarietiesofcommonoranges
Orangesandorangejuice
3.2 Naveloranges
3.2.1 Caracaranavels
3.2.2 Othervarietiesofnavels
3.3 Bloodoranges
3.3.1 Othervarietiesofbloodoranges
3.4 Acidlessoranges
4 Attributes
4.1 Sensoryfactors
4.2 Nutritionalvalueandphytochemicals
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