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Todays building owners and designers need to provide a high level of structural flexibility
to meet changing user requirements.
Post-tensioning provides greater spans with reduced structural beam depths, resulting in larger column-free
areas. As a result, internal layouts are not dictated by tight column grids. Positive deflection and crack control
and, if necessary, joint-free slabs, free designers from the limitations of conventional reinforced
concrete structures.
Our Unbonded Slab Post-Tensioning System has been used in many buildings and structures. The system
foresees strands individually stressed and gripped by wedge action.
Bonded and greased mono strand tendons can be supplied, rolled and equipped with pre locked
anchorage, directly from TTM.
This kind of provision reduces activities on site.
Properly cut Tendons for 1EX15 pre locked anchorage at one edge
The commercial building segment, including: hotels office towers and condominiums, benefit from a weight
reduction from thinner slabs. Furthermore, post-tensioning allows earlier stripping of formwork shortening
overall construction time.
For cast-in place parking structures, it is the improved ride and architectural lighting advantages that are main
benefits over precast design. Tendons for slab-on-ground provide a virtually crack-free slab for high durability
with direct exposure to expansive soils, groundwater and contaminated run-off .
Our Monostrand system uses 0.6" (15,2mm) diameter strands with compact cross area (165mm2). The strands
are given a coating of permanent corrosion-inhibiting coating and are enclosed in an extruded plastic sheath.
The grease and plastic provide double corrosion protection, as well as preventing any bonding between the
strands and the surrounding concrete.
The plastic sheath is polyethylene with approximately 50 mil wall thickness. To ensure continuous corrosion
protection in aggressive environments, special sleeves are used to join the sheaths to the anchorages and each
anchorage is provided with a protective cap.
1.1. General
Post-tensioning technology has for many yeas occupied a very important position in the construcion of
bridges and storage tanks. The reason lies in its decisive technical and economical advantages. The
more important advantages, offered by post-tensioning, may be briefly recalled here:
By comparison with reinforced concrete, a considerable saving in concrete and steel quantities
since, due to the working of the entire concrete cross-section more slender design are possible.
Good crack behaviour and therefore permanent protection of the steel against corrosion.
Almost unchanged serviceability even after considerable overload, since temporary cracks close
again after the overload has disappeared.
In addition to the already mentioned general features of post-tensioned construction, the following advantages
of post-tensioned slabs over reinforced concrete slabs may be listed as it follows:
- More economical structures resulting from the use of post-tensioning steels with a very high tensile
strength instead of normal reinforcing steels;
- Larger spans and greater slenderness. The latter results in reduced dead load, which also has a
beneficial effect upon the columns and foundation and reduces the overall height of buildings of a given
height (Fig.2);
- Under permanent load, very good behaviour in respect of deflections and cracking;
This kind of technology is very advantageous to build rectangular slabs with sides 6 10 metres long. The
design of these slabs are foresees the use a mesh of mono-strand cables (0.6) with 165mm2 cross section area.
The shape of the cables follows the spatial funicular of semi dead load, it has held in the thickness of the
reinforced concrete slab and the anchorages at the border are placed in central position fixed to the boundary.
If the live load is lower than 30% of total load, calculus is statically determinate because the bending moment is
produced only by +/- the half of live load The compressive stress in slabs with may varies between 1,5 and 2,5
N/mm2.
5. After 2-3 day from casting it is possible stress the structure ( Rck>150 Kg/cm2 ),
6. By the striking of formwork real slabs and the immediate re-assembling of the formwork for the
subsequent slab the testing of the floors is easily obtained;
7. The surface of the intrados may have a finish that does not need further workings.
8. ;
9. It is easy to make holes while projecting; however, facility is kept after the projecting phase
also if it is not necessary to cut the strands
10. adopting some precautions it is possible to extend the drilling to the spaces near the pillars and
put in axis
11. This kind of structure is usually safer than traditional ones, The structure is less sensitive to
imprecision of construction; therefore, a qualified personnel is required only during the
stressing operations. (1 or 2 people).
As is well-known, in this method of post-tensioning, the post-tensioning steel is placed in ducts, and after
stressing is bonded to the surrounding concrete by grouting with cement suspension.
For the relatively thin floor slabs of building, the reduction in the possible eccentricity of the post-tensioning
steel with this arrangement is, however, too large, in particular at cross-over points, and for this reason flat
ducts have become common
In the early stages of development of post-tensioned concrete in Europe, post-tensioning without bond was also
used to some extent After a period without any substantial application, some important structures have again
been built with unbonded post-tensioning in recent years.
In the first application in USA, the post-tensioning steel was grassed and wrapped in wrapping paper,
to facilitate its longitudinal movement during stressing.
During the last few years, however the method described below for producing the sheathing has generally
become common. The strands is first given a continuous film of permanent corrosion preventing grease in a
continuous operation, either at the manufacturers works or at the post-tensioning firm.
A plastic tube of polyethylene or polypropylene of at least 1mm wall thickness is then extruded over this. The
plastic tube forms the primary and the grease the secondary corrosion protection.
Strands sheathed in this manner are known as monostrands (fig. 3). The nominal diameter of the strands used is
15mm (0.6).
This question was and still is frequently the subject of serious discussion. The subject will not be discussed in
detail here, but instead only the most important arguments far and against will be listed:
Comparazione delle eccentricit che possono essere ottenute con diversi tipi di cavi
- Maximum possible tendon eccentricities, since tendon diameter are minimal; of special importance in
thin slabs (see Fig.4);
- Post-tensioning steel protected against corrosion ex works;
- Simple and rapid placing of tendons;
- Very low losses of post-tensioning force due to friction;
- Grouted operation is eliminated;
- In general more economical
The 5.10.3 (3) paragraph of the European norm UNI EN 1992-1-1:2005 (EC2) recommends to
consider the following immediate post-tensioning influences, if applicable, for determining the
immediate losses
Immediate shrinkages appear during the post-tensioning, reducing the tension generated by the
hydraulic jack.
Complying with the EC2, 5.10.5.2 , tension shrinkages ( x ) in post tensioning due to the friction
can be estimated from:
( x ) = Po ,max (1 e ( + kx ) )
Where:
->It is the sum of angular displacements over a distance x (regardless of direction or sign);
k - It is a non intentional angular deviation for internal strands (per unit length, rad/m);
x - It is the distance along the strand from the point where pre-stressing force is equal to Pmax
(the force at the active end during tensioning).
The value depends on the characteristics of the strand and the sheath, on the presence of rust, on the
elongation of the tendon and on the tendon profile. The k value for unintentional displacement depends
on the quality of workmanship, on the distance between tendons supports, on the type of sheath or duct
employed, and on the degree of vibration used in placing the concrete.
During the blocking of the wedges in the anchoring, the loss of elongation of the strand is damped by
friction with the sheath; this is opposite to what happens during stressing phase. When using
parabolic cable, losses due to attrition are constant along the cable itself:
P 0,max ( + kl )
l l
where:
The reduction of stress, which reaches its higher value near the active anchorage device, progressively
and symmetrically decreases and ceases at a certain distance d from the anchorage.
where:
sl ( x = 0) = 2 c
l
l E p A p
c=
l
where:
sl ( x = 0) = 2 (c x )
l
Losses of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete are often negligible; however, in a section with
n post- tensioning strands, deformation of concrete during stressing operations causes deformation
of the element under stress and shortening of the already stressed tendons.
n 1 EP
el = cP (t ) AP
2n E cm (t )
n number of strands
EP is the modulus of elasticity for the prestressing strand
Ecm is the modulus of elasticity for the concrete
cP (t ) is the variation of stress in strands the centre of gravity of the tendons of post-tension at
time t
During stressing operations it is necessary to compare the actual elongations with the theoretical
expected elongation to which should be added corrections to obtain real elongations. Elongations
reported in site are the sum of the following elements:
Lo = La + Lb + Lc + Ld + Le
where:
La is the elongation of strand calculated by considering the extra-length necessary for the
hydraulic jacks seize;
Lb is the elastic deformation of concrete. The measured elongation usually includes the
elastic shortening of concrete;
Lc is the sum of deformations of anchorage devices and wedges draw-in;
Ld is the wedge draw-in;
Le is the internal deformation of the hydraulic jack.
Loss of elongation due to wedge draw-in occurs during the anchoring operations after tensioning In
accordance with Static Load Tests, EMPA reports, Ld is valuated in this way:
Ld
Ld = 5 mm for stressing by hydraulic jack equipped with anchors
= 10 mm for stressing by hydraulic jack non equipped with anchors
In accordance with Static Load Tests, EMPA reports, anchorages deformations under stress
always are imitated and never exceed 1mm. Wedges draw-in on passive anchorages corresponds to
a translation of the tendon towards the hydraulic jack. The reported values are about 4-5 mm.
These deformations are gathered from the elongation of strands when the evaluations are taken from
the piston of the hydraulic jack.
Internal losses of hydraulic jacks are considered:
Technical norms for calculation, execution and test of structures made of reinforced concrete, normal
and pre-stressed and for metallic structures.
where:
In accordance with 5.10.3(2) of EC2, the value of the beginning pre-stressing force Pm0(x) (at time t =
t0) from the anchorage immediately applied after tensioning, is obtained subtracting from force Pmax,
at the time of stressing, the immediate losses Pi(x),
The beginning force should not exceed the hereafter value:
Pm0(x)=Ap x P ,max
where:
Concrete tension, caused by stressing force and further loading forces involved in the stressing phase,
should be limited at:
c 0,6 fck(t )
Where:
If Tension of stressing permanently exceeds 0,45 fck(t ), the non linearity viscosity must be considered.
A gradual stressing of each single can reduce the required concrete resistance. The minimum
resistance fcm(t ) at t time must be 50% of concrete resistance required for the complete pre-stressing
phase. Between the minimum concrete resistance and the resistance required for the complete pre-
stressing phase, there can be a value from 30% to 100% of complete pre-stressing force.
Strand
Elastic
tension Carico di Rilassamento
Nominal Nominal limit
Diameter Standard Strand type fptk fp(1)k Massa 1% rottura dopo 1000 h
diameter section allo 0,1%
of elong.. (Ptk) 0,7 - 0,8 fpt
Pt0,1k )
mm mm2 N/mm2 2
N/mm gr/m KN KN KN % %
T15 normal 15.2 139 1860 1670 1086 232 259 228 2.5 4.5
EN 10138
T15S super 15.7 150 1860 1670 1172 250 279 246 2.5 4.5
T15C EN 10138 T15C 15.2 165 1860 1670 1289 276 307 270 2.5 4.5
Elastic
Greased Breaking Relaxation
Diam Strand Nominal Grease Mass Mass limit at
Standard nominal Area load after 1000 h.
eter type diameter mass HDPE 0,1% Fp(0,1)
dimater Fm 0,7 0,8 Rm
Post-tensioned floors can be thinner far a given loading and deflection limitation than reinforced concrete
floors. This is primarily because of the load-balancing effect of the draped tendons. In the span, the deviation
forces caused by the curved tendons act on the concrete to oppose gravity.
Where the tendon curvature is inverted, i.e. over the grid lines between the columns, the deviation forces act
downward, inserting concentrated loads on the "column strip" tendons, i.e. the tendons running along the grid
lines.
These concentrated forces are balanced by the upward acting deviation forces from the column strip tendons
which in turn insert a downward acting force on the columns. Thus the system shown in the figure can be
compared to a net strung between the columns. When this net is stretched from all four edges it inserts the load-
balancing forces on the concrete. The amount of post-tensioning steel can be determined by the condition that
the draped tendons provide sufficient distributed deviation force to load-balance a certain percentage of the
floor self weight. This percentage depends on the ratio of total load to permanent load and is typically between
70 and 130 %.
For typical office or residential floors with live loads of 3 to 4 kN/m2 and 1 kN/m2 additional permanent load
one would normally balance 70 to 90 % of the self weight while for floors with higher live loads more than 100
% of the self weight would be load-balanced
Provided that there are no significant restraints, these compression stresses neutralise a part of the flexural
tensile stresses caused by the portion of the loading not balanced by deviation forces from the tendon drape.
Now let us look at typical span-to-depth ratios of post-tensioned floors. For light loading, say up to about 3.5
kN/m2 and provided that punching shear is not critical, a post-tensioned flat plate can be designed with a
thickness of about 1/40 of the larger span dimension (for interior panels), compared to about 1/30 for a flat
plate in reinforced concrete.
If drop panels are provided over the columns the span-depth ratio can be increased to about 45 and 35 for
interior panels of post-tensioned and reinforced concrete slabs, respectively. For higher superimposed loading
the span/depth ratio decreases, particularly if the super-imposed load is predominantly variable in place and
time. Then the amount of post-tensioning cannot simply be increased to load-balance the super-imposed load so
that in order to meet the deflection limitations a greater floor thickness is required.
The use of post-tensioned concrete and, in particular, of concrete with unbonded tendons necessitates a
rethinking of some long accepted design principles. A question that very often arises in building design is the
arrangement of joints in the slabs, in the walls and between slabs and walls.
Unfortunately, no general answer can be given to this question since there are certain factors in favour of a
certain factors against joints. Two aspects have to be considered:
If the failure behaviour alone is considered, it is generally better not to provide any joints. Every joint is a cut
through a load-bearing element and reduces the ultimate load strength of the structure. For a slab with
unbonded post-tensioning, the membrane action is favourably influenced by a monolithic construction. This
results in a considerable increase in the ultimate load
In long buildings without joints, inadmissible cracks in the load-bearing structure and damage to non load-
bearing constructional elements can occur as a result of horizontal displacements. These displacements result
from the following influences:
-Shrinkage
-Temperature
-Elastic shortening due to post-tensioning
-Creep due to post-tensioning
In a concrete structure, the following average shortenings and elongations can be expected:
Elastic shortening
(for an average centric post-tensioning
of 1.5 N/mm2 and Ec= 30 kN/mm2) Lcel = -0.05 mm/m
Elastic shortening and creep due to post-tensioning: Elastic shortening is relatively small. By subdividing the
slab into separate concreting stages, which are separately post-tensioned, the shortening of the complete slab is
reduced. Creep, on the other hand, acts upon the entire length of the slab. A certain reduction occurs due to
transfer of the post-tensioning to the longitudinal walls. Shortening due to post-tensioning should be kept within
limits particularly by the centric post-tensioning not being made too high. It is recommended that an average
centric post-tensioning of cpm = 1.5 N/mm2 should be selected and the value of 2.5 N/mm2 should not be
exceeded. In concrete walls, the relative shortening between slabs and walls can be reduced by approximately
uniform post-tensioning in the slabs and walls.
4.1. General
The construction of a post-tensioned slab is broadly similar to that far an ordinarily reinforced slab.
Differences arise in the placing of the reinforcement, the stressing of the tendons and in respect of the rate of
construction. The placing work consists of three phases: first, the bottom ordinary reinforcement of the slab and
the edge reinforcement are placed. The ducts or tendons must then be positioned, fitted with supports and fixed
in place. This is followed by the placing of the top ordinary reinforcement. The stressing of the tendons and, in
the case of bonded tendons the grouting also, represent additional construction operations as compared with a
normally reinforced slab. Since, however, these operations are usually carried out by the post-tensioning firm,
the main contractor can continue his work without interruption. A feature of great importance is the short
stripping times that can be achieved with post-tensioned slabs. The minimum period between concreting and
stripping of formwork is 48 to 72 hours, depending upon concrete quality and ambient temperature. When the
required concrete strength is reached, the full (or partially) post-tensioning force can usually be applied and the
formwork stripped immediately afterwards. Depending upon the total size, the construction of the slabs is
carried out in a number of sections. The divisions are a question of the geometry of the structure, the
dimensions, the planning, the construction procedure, the utilization of formwork material etc. The construction
joints that do occur, are subsequently subjected to permanent compression by the post-tensioning, so that the
behaviour of the entire slab finally is the same throughout. The weight of a newly concreted slab must be
transmitted through the formwork to slabs beneath it. Since this weight is usually less than that of a
corresponding reinforced concrete slab, the cost of the supporting structure is also less.
The method chosen will depend upon the local conditions. At works, the strands are cut to the desired length,
placed in the duct and, if appropriate, equipped with dead-end anchorages. The finished cables are then coiled
up and transported to the site. In fabrication on the site, the cables can either be fabricated in exactly the same
manner as at works, or they can be assembled by pushing through. In the latter method, the ducts are initially
placed empty and the strands are pushed through them subsequently. If the cables have stressing anchorages at
both ends, this operation can even be carried out after concreting (except for the cables with flat ducts).
- sheath display,
- anchorage display,
- vent display,
- introduction of proper cut strand
into the sheath,
- strand stressing,
- grouting.
Bonded post tensioning is used for grouted and sheathed strands. The sheath can be made of HDPE or
Steel. Sheath equipped with accessories (vent device and grouting) which guarantee proper adherence
of the strand into the sheath itself.
1E15 bonded anchorage sheath diam. 25 mm. HDPE sheath are supplied as 200 meters rolls
equipped with accessories for mould jointing,
venting and grouting.
The E series mono strand anchorage is produced in full compliance with the Italian regulations in
force and according to the FIP recommendations. The E series mono strand anchorage
comprises the following parts: casting, clamps and HDPE joint for connecting the casting to the
strand coated with high density polyethylene.
Castings All the castings have holes for connection to the forming mould and set up to receive the
connection of a step which separates the anchorage from the mould. All the castings are made of
spheroid iron EN-GJS 500-7 EN-JS-1050 (Italy: UNI ISO 4544 GS 500-7, France: NF A 32-201
FGS 500-7, Germany: DIN 1693 GGG50, U.K: BS 2789 500-7, ISO R 1083 50-7, Japan: J.S.I. G
5502 FCD 50), which offers high resistance to stress and, as it can be welded, guarantees increased
safety during installation.
Wedges Anchorage of the strand is achieved using 7015-T15 type 16NiCr4Pb UNI EN 10277-4 steel
or 7017-T15 type 9SMnP28 UNI 4838 steel clamps.
Joint The connection between the anchorage and sheath is by means of a transition pipe that
guarantees correct sealing of the anchorage.
Trefolo
Iniezione / Sfiato
Testata 1E15
Spirale
Trefolo
Spirale
T T M
D
I
H
F
1E15
A C
Last Charge G
Type A B C D E F H I
T15 T15S T15C
per cable per cable per cable
( KN ) ( KN ) ( KN ) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1EX15 259 279 300 59 40 130 110 6 130 85 155 35-40
Anchorage series L has been design for slabs or where the thickness of the strand cover requires
flat sheath series SL.
Anchor plate They are made of steel C40-C45 EN 10083/1 or spheroid casting steel EN-GJS 500-7
EN-JS-1050
Wedges Fixing of strand is obtained by using wedges type 7015-T15 in steel 16NiCr4Pb UNI EN
10277-4 or type 7017-T15 in steel 9SMnP28 UNI 4838,
Joint in H.D.P.E. - Il raccordo svolge una funzione di cassero ed alloggiamento per la piastra
dancoraggio che calcolata per trasferire lo sforzo direttamente sul calcestruzzo.
Il raccordo predisposto per la connessione con gli accessori, garantendo iniezione e sfiato.
Anchorage series N has been design for slabs or where the thickness of the strand cover requires
flat sheath series SL.
Anchor plate They are made of steel C40-C45 EN 10083/1 or spheroid casting steel EN-GJS 500-7
EN-JS-1050
Wedges Fixing of strand is obtained by using wedges type 7015-T15 in steel 16NiCr4Pb UNI EN
10277-4 or type 7017-T15 in steel 9SMnP28 UNI 4838,
Lancoraggio attivo serie M composto dalle seguenti parti: fusione, piastra ancoraggio, morsetti
e raccordo in H.D.P.E. per raccordare senza brusche deviazioni la fusione alla guaina metallica.
Anchorage- All anchorages have well rounded forming mould, jointing holes for cap and a "
grouting hole. Anchorages are made of spherical cast-iron EN-GJS 500-7 EN-JS-1050, which is
highly resistant to solicitations. Anchorage are welding, this guarantees higher security during
applications.
Anchor plate Strand blocking is obtained through: a shearing out plate, with conical holes, which is
made of steel C40-45 UNI EN 10083/1 ; wedges type 7015-T15 made of steel 16NiCr4Pb UNI EN
10277-4 or 7017-T15 in steel 9SMnP28 UNI 4838.
Connection Connection between sheath and anchorage is got through a transition pipe, which
guarantees a proper strand deviation, decreasing losses. Connectors can be supplied in steel or in
HDPE, in order to the applications.
Connection to the mould Anchorages have two equidistant holes, which facilitate the fixing by two
nuts.
Grouting Anchorages have a threaded gas hole for grouting where can be jointed the outing
accessories.
H
I
A
AxA
F
B
L C D
The fabrication of mono strand tendons is usually carried out at the works of the post-tensioning firm but can, if
required, also be carried out on site.
1E15 Anchorage
The E series mono strand anchorage is produced in full compliance with the Italian regulations in
force and according to the FIP recommendations. The E series mono strand anchorage
comprises the following parts: casting, clamps and HDPE joint for connecting the casting to the
strand coated with high density polyethylene.
Anchorage All anchorages have holes for casting jointing, so that they can be connected to a
wooden mould which separates the anchorage from the form mould. Anchorage are made of C40-C45
EN 10083/1,
Wedges Anchorage of the strand is achieved using 7015-T15 type 16NiCr4Pb UNI EN 10277-4 steel
or 7017-T15 type 9SMnP28 UNI 4838 steel clamps.
Joint The connection between the anchorage and sheath is by means of a transition pipe that
guarantees correct sealing of the anchorage.
Trefolo Prolunga
Vipla
Guarnizione Scassa
Spirale
Trefolo Vipla
Testata 1E15
Guarnizione
H
G F
A C
Bonded Post-tensioning uses strands which are protected from cement by grease and duct.
1EX15 Anchorage
1E15 Anchorage
The wooden mould, if correctly used, is
reusable.
The EX series mono strand anchorage is produced in full compliance with the Italian regulations in
force and according to the FIP recommendations. The EX series mono strand anchorage
comprises the following parts: casting, clamps and HDPE joint for connecting the casting to the
strand coated with high density polyethylene.
Anchor plate All anchor plates have holes for connection to the forming mould and set up to receive
the connection of a step which separates the anchorage from the mould. All the castings are made of
spheroid iron EN-GJS 500-7 EN-JS-1050 (Italy: UNI ISO 4544 GS 500-7, France: NF A 32-201
FGS 500-7, Germany: DIN 1693 GGG50, U.K: BS 2789 500-7, ISO R 1083 50-7, Japan: J.S.I. G
5502 FCD 50), which offers high resistance to stress and, as it can be welded, guarantees increased
safety during installation.
Wedges Anchorage of the strand is achieved using 7015-T15 type 16NiCr4Pb UNI EN 10277-4 steel
or 7017-T15 type 9SMnP28 UNI 4838 steel clamps.
Joint The connection between the anchorage and sheath is by means of a transition pipe that
guarantees correct sealing of the anchorage.
Slab, Bonded and unbonded Post-Tensioning System Rev. B 58
Testata 1EX15
Spirale
Baffo di tesatura
Trefolo Prolunga
Vipla
Scassa
Testata 1EX15
Trefolo Prolunga
Vipla
Morsetto
Spirale
Trefolo Vipla
Testata 1EX15
Guarnizione
H
F
G
A C
Anchorage series L has been design for slabs or where the thickness of the strand cover requires
flat sheath series SL.
Anchor plate They are made of steel C40-C45 EN 10083/1 or spheroid casting steel EN-GJS 500-7
EN-JS-1050
Wedges Fixing of strand is obtained by using wedges type 7015-T15 in steel 16NiCr4Pb UNI EN
10277-4 or type 7017-T15 in steel 9SMnP28 UNI 4838
Active Anchorage type M is composed by: anchorage, anchor plate, wedges and H.D.P.E.
connector.
Anchorage- All anchorages have well rounded forming mould, jointing holes for cap and a "
grouting hole. Anchorages are made of spherical cast-iron EN-GJS 500-7 EN-JS-1050, which is
highly resistant to solicitations. Anchorage are welding, this guarantees higher security during
applications.
Anchor plate Strand blocking is obtained through: a shearing out plate, with conical holes, which is
made of steel C40-45 UNI EN 10083/1 ; wedges type 7015-T15 made of steel 16NiCr4Pb UNI EN
10277-4 or 7017-T15 in steel 9SMnP28 UNI 4838.
Connection Connection between sheath and anchorage is got trough a transition pipe, which
guarantees a proper strand deviation, decreasing losses. Connectors can be supplied in steel or in
HDPE, in order to the applications.
Connection to the mould Anchorages have two equidistant holes, which facilitate the fixing by two
nuts.
Grouting Anchorages have a threaded gas hole for grouting where can be jointed the outing
accessories.
H
I
A
AxA
F
B
L C D
Guaina corrugata
Raccordo
Insert of bonded strands into the anchorage. Cutting of HDPE protection in order to facilitate the
removing after grouting.
Iniezione / Sfiato
Dispositivo ad espansione
Fixing of confining tampon, protecting the integrity of bonded and greased strands.
Insert of grease into the hole of anchorage and filling of recess in the back side of anchor plate. This
filling can also be executed before installing the anchor plate; however, the first solution is better as it
is safer and it allows the complete eject of air.
Iniezione grasso
700
Grouting is completed by positioning the cap filled with grease. The cap measure should contain the
elongation of strand for future de-stressing.
Six types of hydraulic pump are available for carrying out the stressing operations. This type of hydraulic pump
is arranged with a two pipes, for operating TTM stressing jacks.
All the machines are provided with three control circuits: stressing, looking and return..
All the circuits are provided with regulation valves and safety valves for overpressure.
The control gauges are serially analogical, but they can be paired to a digital gauge with 1 bar precision.
The pushing machines type: 450, 550 and 600 were realised to be employed with mono-strand jacks and for
simultaneous uses from 1 to 12 TTM250KN jacks.
All the machines are provided with a L=10 button strip, which allows to check all the operative phases of the
machine. Suitable regulation valves allow the operator to change manually the pressure in the two circuits of the
machine with high precision and ease.
This type of hydraulic pump is arranged with a two pipes, for operating TTM stressing jacks.
All the machines are provided with three control circuits: stressing, looking and return..
All the machines give, by a manifold, the possibility to be connected with multiple stressing jacks. In order to do
this they are provided with a manifold which allows the distribution of the pressure generated on multiple
outlets.
Manifold DD-MF offers 4, 6 or 10 hydraulic exits in iso pressure, it is made of zinc iron and it is
completely jointed.
manifold DD06MF
Manifold DD-MF can be connected to a manometer for pressure verifying during stressing activities.
It can resist to 700 bar pressure.
There are several type of manifold where the number indicate the number of exits for jacks
connections:
- DD04-MF,
- DD06-MF,
- DD10-MF,
TTM jacks are available in three models. All the jacks are preset with an automatic wedging circuit and 4
meters flexible pipes
The principal use of this jack is in stressing TTR and E heads.
The main use of TTM250KN jacks are for tensioning on TTR heads or as single strand jacks on TTM
anchorings.
TTM250KN jacks have the following strokes: 400 mm., 200 mm., 100 mm. and 60 mm.
There are three different models of Hydraulic jacks. All the jacks are preset with an automatic wedging
circuit and 4 meters flexible pipes
There are three different models of Hydraulic jacks. All the jacks are preset with an automatic wedging
circuit and 4 meters flexible pipes
TTM300KN hydraulic jack is mainly used for stressing on mono strand anchoring or even used as
hydraulic jack on TTM anchorages.
Jack B300KN has been designed to enable mechanical wedging of clamp on series 1E15 anchorages
and the use of the anchorage itself as passive anchoring completely buried in the concrete.
The principle of mechanically controlled wedging, is to eliminate drown-in of the clamps in the
anchoring cones. The elimination of drown-in of the clamps is achieved using the B300KN jack which
presses the clamp at such a thrust force that further loads applied after anchoring do not cause
additional entry and the anchoring of the wire strand remains stable, guaranteeing the holding
capacity of the passive anchoring.
S 250KN Jack opens the strands and forms passive anchorages series S.
In this type of anchoring, the wire strand, in correspondence with the passive end, is opened in order
to improve adherence to the concrete
Using many tendons, strands are displayed in alternative sense in order to equally distribute the
fatigue on the concrete. .
The jack has been produced to open the wire strand at one end, allowing the strand itself, if correctly
covered in the concrete, to have sufficient adherence to allow the anchorage of the tie-rod and thus
eliminating the requirement for passive anchoring.
Hydraulic Pressure at
Type Weight Push value Dimensions
pump work
( Kg. ) ( bar. ) Tipo ( mm. ) ( bar. )
S 250 KN 30 250 TTM 700x300x250 180
The wrapping device for cable wrapping is used for mono strand wrapping. Strand are cut and
engraved on the HDPE protection. F2300-E device wraps the strands creating rolls of diameter 2,2
m, which are easily moveable on site.
The dynamometer S 1000 is composed by master gauge S1000 and hydraulic transducer.
.
Manometro campione S1000
The master gauge S1000 can carry out calibrations to compare the hydraulic system in use by means
of connections upstream and downstream of the circuit.
It is supplied in a suitable insulated aluminium box inside which is enclosed a digital gauge with four
digit read-out and 1 bar minimum read-out.
The read-out takes place by means of hydraulic insertion of a digital transducer with 1-1.000 bar.
scansion which enables viewing of the pressure at the point of application.
The instrument can be supplied on request with different certifications:
The master gauges are set for an operating pressure of 1.000 bar. They are supplied with CE
markings, completely protected and equipped with identification serial number for periodical controls
carried out by our technical service.
The T type grouting pump is designed to guarantee maximum versatility with regard to site
requirements and use in severe conditions. It is supplied on wheels with robust tyres, it can be towed
on-site and is equipped with all the safety devices necessary for use. The machine has two tanks: one
for mixing the colloidal mix and one as a tank for the mix. The turbo mixer has a turbine capable of
mixing material at 1500 rpm/min.
All the grouting pumps are fitted as standard with a gauge, gauge saving device and push-button pad
with a 10 metre extension.
The fast-on fittings, litre-counters, plastic accessories, grouting tubes of various lengths, syringe
and the Saunders flow closing valve are considered to be accessories
Pump T 500
The B1500 Uncoiler has been designed to make the threading operations of the strand into the sheaths
easier.
It is usually used in combination with a strand pusher and guarantees unwinding of the strand without
tangling at a high unwinding speed. It is set up to host coils of different dimensions and by connecting
the two shoulders it can adapt to coils of different diameters.
The B1500 Uncoiler does not require special anchoring to the ground, its own weight is sufficient to
guarantee its stability when being used.
The coil of strand is inserted between the two shoulders, before cutting the metal band straps, the
correct tightening of the closing tie-rods, which guarantee correct blocking and safety of the
operations, must be checked.
On cutting the band straps the unwinding direction shown on the coil must be complied with to
guarantee the strand will unwind smoothly.
Weight with
Type Weight max. capacity Dimensions
load
( Kg. ) ( mm. ) ( Kg. ) mm.
B1500 180 1.000 220 2500x2500