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Thepropagation
ofmedicinal
plants*
FRED A. MILLER
III
It is sometimes possible to locate individuals in different
countries who have become interestedin the collection of rare
seeds and plants. Such sources are extremely questionable.
While some individuals can furnishmuch good material, there
are others who, though expressing much interest, cannot be
depended upon to supplythe properspecies. Numerousinstances
of this have been recorded,an example of which may be noted
where an enthusiasticdruggistof Texas supplied finespecimens
of Monarda forhenbane,whichhe claimed was growingluxuriantly
in his sectionof the state.
Local drug collectorsmay be consideredhere ratherthan witn
crude drug merchants. More strictlyspeaking, they are a class
by themselveswith many peculiaritiesand limitations. They are
mostly illiterate persons, who take instructionspoorly and dis-
regard themwhen once in the field. A close personal association
withmanyof themhas revealedthe factthat theyare only capable
of accuratelyidentifying a very small numberof medicinalplants.
These usually occur among the monotypicgenera and, when two
or morecloselyrelatedspecies are in question,are usually collected
indiscriminately. One of the most intelligentcollectorsobserved
repeatedlybroughtin specimens of various species of Asclepias,
upon requests and instructionsfor Apocynumcannabinumand
A pocynumandrosaemifolium.A pocynumcannabinumwhenfinally
located was supplied upon requests for both of the two species.
Only recentlya negro quack, who is held in high repute by the
colored element of a considerable section, supplied Apocynum
androsaemifolium upon request forLeptandra virginica. Another
form supplied for Asclepias tuberosawill have to be grown to
maturitybefore it can be identified. One collector was shown
potted specimensof golden seal (Hydrastiscanadensis),and stone
root (Collinsonia canadensis), and failed to recognize either of
them. Twin leaf (Jeffersonia diphylla) is repeatedly offeredby
local dealers for genuine golden seal. Both the leaf and root
structuresof these formsare quite distinct.
IV
In so faras theircollectionswill permit,the botanical gardens
and other similar institutionsare of great value in supplying
110 MILLER: THE PROPAGATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
DIGITALIS
More or less uncertaintyexists as to the exact botanical source
of this drug. The comparative medicinal value of the leaves
fromwild and cultivated forms,and the disputed methods of
collection,curingand packing are unsettledquestions of consider-
able importance. The comparativevalue of the many species and
horticulturalvarieties, their ease of culture, relative yield of
crude drug, their floweringperiods, hardiness and duration of
growthare additional problemswhichmust be investigatedbefore
the genus can be made to yield its best to the manufactureof
medicine.
Open fieldsowingwas triedseveral timesduringtwo successive
years. These tests were carried out both under practical field
conditionsand in ideally prepared seed beds. The resultswere
complete failures and open seed sowing under field conditions
116 MILLER: THE PROPAGATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
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TABLE V
EFFECT OF SEED AND SOIL TREATMENT ON GERMINATION
TABLE VI
LITERATURE CITED