: {

s WO Zt ][

px **

) yYvZ
:[
: {
)yYvZ:'
Z
GL
2002:wzZ

Z
GL
2013:xz

9zg 150:7

: q[
@ezg b 2~%
^  o;n] k,
081-2843358
@ezg b 2 ~%
www.sangatacademy.net
 gZgi +
{ Zz$ gc* Zg Zz
VZ% " VZgi 6, L L

+m, ( C
h ) j +%
h "
^ OZ
[^
 ,
kiz YZg
y!* OZ
) L L[ KZ~
Z ~uz : {
( 5 )
ic  [ ^
( 7 ) /
* Vz ` Zg
$ Zg**
[ % *Z =g LZ gZgzZ d
( 6 )
Z e y
+
*0
C *Z
WgzZ KZ BgzZ V @*
x **
( 8 )
 c  ~y ~%{
kZ V ; g7 Vzi~}g!*
yQ ~
g [g M 6, ! g
OZkZ
B[^
X YH 

X Dg Z Z],M _ 4 M x **
} Z ,Zx ** { Z ey -1
G I Y 1n^r i D1E+ ^
c x **
N M x ** @f ZeX ZyZp ZX G3E4hVZ% {z
, Z gvZ /5 ~-2
X ]Z G4]o
5E
value7g-3
Y

c* : d6,
y
$Z 4} ZX V4gi asg zZz( g ) { E
- 5kI,Z ** N **gzpw} Z -4
Y
z u 0*
( 2 )
z z $
,
XM1( k ,
V M zZ_Zk
iz)g b & j3' izx ** GE
Z e Z e MX 4hIik
, -5
iz{ Z {{ 
GE3i%g G E
: z X=\N a
Zz g
C
$Zx ]g~`aLL[,Z**
X- MX 5rZi?{ i}ZX`Zg-6
zyKZgZ,. ~%-7
M
XMZgz!sZZZy
h
! #z
|
C
GE
X +%zZz-8
3g 2~% y{i ( 4 )
&N aL L

Z hz F
h w
( 3 )
Y
C+F V )O9F
EG4F C z :XF
4F
EG
(
gz
om^q ^q ]f Z ? f  Va Z
@X [ c*
u !*
W;+ G ? Zg Gr ? } Zi
2009 24 E

g Z u J/
119 16 [ !*
128 17 [ !*
135
142
18
19
[ !*
[ !*
z

146 20 [ !*
151 21 [ !* 7
~%{ +Z}uz
7ci
154 22 [ !* 10 .Z e
ZGZ} +Z
7ci
159 23 [ !*
164 24 [ !* 14 1 [ !*
169 25 [ !* 18 2 [ !*
173 26 [ !* 21 3 [ !*
177 27 [ !* 27 4 [ !*
181 28 [ !* 32 5 [ !*
189 29 [ !* 38 6 [ !*
194 30 [ !* 45 7 [ !*
197 31 [ !* 50 8 [ !*
201 32 [ !* 55 9 [!*
210 33 [ !* 69 10 [ !*
218 34 [ !* 79 11 [ !*
224 35 [ !* 83 12 [ !*
231 36 [ !* 94 13 [!*
238 37 [ !* 102 14 [ !*
246 38 [ !* 112 15 [ !*
V
7z yQ Hq~V
/u( Y ._]qmV;z
hYK: i Z0
N +Z~ yZyLZ LZ C bgbg y Cq
X kS
g B -Z
-Z J
^1~g yQ  X yZ7 5q -Z
# X ;g @*
~ F,
(,
-u
J
-Z~.: A
X 2J
-zg kZ~ V yS
q ) Zg !*
: {
e y{ wQX ~ { c*
i Z Z}
.X a{ Z {0 +
i F
G
H Zg76Zgz8CZ ZE
X .-g **
X ? H ZG Z}
.
Vc*
!*
gzZ y!*
i y WX ? Zgz z b yYvZ p
+Z}uz
7ci
pg gZ
X
`  ,g ; B r z
'
ZKg0*
} {z X {0
+i1X gYCx CZ/f(,
'

,
, ZX V' 6,] !*
y;f ZzgP~yt
D  xgi Ze
/z 6, kZ !*+
{0i Kg0*
} yX :
(gzZ [ Z #
.Y gzZ X , hgV*
} c hZ hZ VMy;f Z
} yL LX ;gM 0*
3s WO Z DgzZ ~ 7,^c&
+ )
,
VZzg~] 5 Zg7 ] !* $X c*
6 - qz**
g 0(C
# ggZt Kg0*
| } yYvZgzZ' ~1V2 zg V,zg Kg0*
tX Fz c'!* ,
5 [ kX ZZ Vz q 5F~ VZzg
Zkvx3,
?y~}gvyYvZX l z!gzZ
! yZ  zg! zZ 4Xg Tg~k Q yq
-Z x ** yZ
: {
Z,jV~fZz~(,
X C Z gzZ'X N Wx
-Z g@*
q [ Z I F,m<!*
gzZ ~I F,
~ y  : {
gzZ. Q [ ZX xg VZzg ;g ^yZzg k Q
y] 7\ q
-Z c*
y!*-Z s~ kZ X @*
iq y }
" VZzgt N c*
yZzg Y7t X g `g zcg /
X 
HX
`| (, {1X w
Z ~g 3jX
Mg V
+ ] ~g i k Q y ~ [ kZ 2
X {E
X [o . X
W
N k Qgz Z WF q X Z egzW,Z Z',c*
-Z: { YZ~ z w
,
k+
5 # CY| (, V\WkZ C
wyZzg Z Z
+
CZz CX {0 +% }g Zz%1 s k Q Z
ii #
z
+
X Lg {0i~ k WY , hZh
+' - ZX @*
J Y^~
{ yvZg f o
X @*
} yYvZ !zg c*
X gzQx N* M KZ
~ { Zg +
gC
#
sJ e ^yZ Z
Y~ V LZ LZ VyQgzZ ;g: #
8 7
 X ,~]**
VY c*

-Z X Z
X V;Zp kZ v/q ci
+Z : {
QgzZX kC]gzJkZ6,]z Zy{wN m<!*
kZ ? L 7Z
H L # {zX c*
qz *
*g ZZ yYvZ p
? ] !*
kZ @* -Z X ?
Ii q H: {
L L @*

X @* +ZV
b s& 8!**
*g ZZ

+Z
7ci p v ^
2013b

{z X
g| 7,\ M k
, z kZ 7R ~ kZ

+
1X: (Zh c*
gx~f\ M ] !* -Z
 ]gzZ X [ q
@*
Y Z,zX @*
Y Mt x ** #
[ kZ Z z kZi c*

nkZ ]!*
X YY3gx ** -ZX 3g H~x *
kZ [ q *

_7,x ** ~x **
[ X 3g Y 73
,
X k[ mgzZ Hy*kZ @*
Y
z ~}g !*
]
C x ** x **
kZ 6: { [ kZ
7] !*
f nkZ wZgzZX $ J-Z~] Z|gzZX g Y
1X
Tg v
Lg @*
V ( {z ; : { y.6,
Z
x~ f V [ M ~z: { # wZt gzZ ? H
-Z
y q q
-Z LZ }g X Z :
L .6, yZ x
;
Xg ZgzZg ; bkZ [ Z q
-Z kZ Y7

10 9
 ,
~ ]g [ ~B; \ M [ Z o lZ kZ X
Tg a c*
,~(,q
-Z Zj x **
kZl c*
X 7+Z ] !*
1
~f x **
yYvZ w c*
w Zz[ kZX
~ kZ X M
[ ,xZz g Z g( ~ V
]T @*M ZL ]gzp e
$.q
-Z 6,}6, f @*M L Z/Z
sBB M ~z VwgzZ: {
%%Vzh N e ]g 'g7V6& ~g7 KZgzZg} (,g 2 gzZ *
* ** X I
M ^{ gzZ {
z~g7 .gzZ e
$
lZ F,
@ -Z
g z mgzZ ~ kZ[ NZ y" ]gzpq yZ V 1X ] !* *
lpa A ] !*
* BVw
s~{ }g mgzZ yYvZX
b
M ~z { VZ wZ~ V~f V0x **
kZ bT Zjx **
kZ c*
# X s wJ kZ 7
Z z wZ: 6,
CmBVwL Z/Z XD
v wj; ^ ni} (, yYvZ { Z (,[ Z s~ekZ X @*
zZ 
v,Z 1
-Z /Zz TyYvZ yP M X 1Z M w
q -
~g Y x x Y ~g7 KZ J z kZ X
D Y7,0
x c*

0*
bkZ ] !* -Z ~ E
hZ q G2.G' X
.E H0 {h
+z
/ kZ ~ V5 z gzZ X D 7J
Z -kZ J
-Z
#
n
pg
/CZ V Zzpg p V; D \z
L 3X \z /Z{z CY C ZBVwZ ]5X X gzZ v ,zX Zz} Zg Z
/CZ e: Zz pg p ] %gzZ
_ bkZ X \z c*
X Te * ~ LZkZ vt gzZ X
* J Q CZ
/Z p yYvZ lpX \z
kZgzZ B \z /CZ V Zz V 0*
g g KZ ~g7 KZ
/X T e **
z Dg
g;{ Z 4,
gzZ  /kZ X Z ~ \z
p Z /ZZz ` \z / v,Z ts] !*
D HbkZ = +
X Z e0zgyZ
Z c*
X -Z X  { Z 2
!q +p Z Z -V X 7 x v
X D7x a CZ J
,
x wD Z)IgzZ_k /kZQ/ QC
i\z ] Zg Z gzZ ] Z } 7,~ {
CY * { c* # u
i Z
~g /@*
c*
q^X c*
Zg7}g7x wD Z/X Lg -Z bkZgzZ X

z z q
yZ Kzg @~ ~g !*
~ 
V'* ~^Z't; H { c*
ig Z,ZwD ZX @*
c*
e36,Vz yZ yZp,Vzb  CY B;
gzZ
f
)X 7~7~}itc* .s' t c*
Z} 'z h gZ- zg Y Z%Z c /z c*
3 x **
Vw v ,ZgzZ
D6,Vz X **
hzZ yZ
HE
{)z , gzZ fI4&6Zg ~zg _xwD Z
V** X 47:x ** Zpg Z'\ MgzZXD
yZ\ M
L a q ] { c*
: i 0 yZ ~  /Zz ; x **
Ts[ ]gzpkZ
D h:Zz cg ]!*
KZ [ Z
/
gzZ ] st xc Yg z ~ ZgzZ X !g~ V{zTX ) yYvZWz6,[k,
t X : {

12 11
 gzZ x 6,tZV:
L Z
W Vw~ {
t] !*
-Zt' Z H kZzz Vi Z sC
q C
X pg
q
X Y Zz "7,: { -Z kZ X y*Z Z
- ` MgzZX @*MVc*
J gZ ~gwdyYvZ~pg ~g Y6,
g{
V 6,x LZ b
VZ6 z ~ L L;!*
!*
yg w X LgzZ 6,(KZ
X Mgc*
M
w~
z ~g Zz Z Z: {
/%yYvZ~ Vw
p Y gzZ ( F,
{ c* -Za V Z
i ` M gzZX g wVq
;g 6,g kZ LZVwx gzZ
Tg D ; c*
kZ vg!*
1 -[ Z t ;Y: {g]!*
f VpyYvZs J M q
y -Z1X ggzZ
M L L; x YX ~gz **
{~ ,yZX ;g @*

- zggzZ ~I F,
TX q
~ y y*Z: { X 7 e% { t ZzekZ X ?aiVa{ k
tc* H
,
c_t V'X x **
H7,: { kZ N*
Y*tVX Z~1950i M LZ kZ t { ~(,q
-Z ~V{yYvZX 7 0
+i
,
Vzg gzZ V 9f TY Hy ~ ]g~ky*Z kZ ;g -Z}g x tgzZX 7Lx ZV ZzY
}g \ q
X ;gX Z(,
wc_ t ?}k
,yZ1X ;g @*
~ yZ gzZ @*
3g 6,V Zz Y M ~ {
;g 4 yY Z
gzZ ]gm VrZ1g Z /
C Z
/%~kZ Z Zy{ gz L V c* H Z]
kZ1X . IwPyY ZX Lg @*
xZ
Zz >X\Iq VZi ZX a x Zx kZ= VrZ
-: { X 7
$Y yZX l]1
t zg Z~ y1 Z
+ Z VZzg zg kZgzZ
-Z:
q L gzZ"
$ {zgziz] ~k
, $ Zg**
TgzZd +]n] 9]J
ZX c* yZ T 2~ ~g F +Z
] {z8
.Z eZz x Zu4x kZl]1
Zp~X
y{ ZGZ}
gzZ ~
c_[ xZ H{gX ]gm VrZ1k
,y*Zt yZ

14 13
ZuzgzZX wj -gzZ Vzg Zi {!'' Zy ( y y~1 ]gm ~X Vz ]gx kZ ~ ;g
-ggzZ y!*
kZX }iuVzgZi r e X [f[( ~ )
7.  ~ X x **
kZ\ M LZ p C [ Z T ?
}w L
Hz [ M " }iuX 2 VgzZ V g V }iu
a }1{ Z ea g6= [ Z1V ;g M ` @*
{ #g wz q -ZX &
) !*
wj ; ~g uuZz wj ; ^ '' AjgzZ mq
-Z /kZY~> ] zp 'Y~%
HHgHg Z ),
w {z X MZ CCc*

Zg egzZ [zjX w yZg !* nz V X VY
Vz ZX @*
~heZ Vz X _'
,[ Mzz [ c L LX V Z { M6, y*Z : {
6 : { L L~y
H !*
! Mg
-Z Vz gzZ ZiXt b: X XZ Mnz ~g ua
q # Zg
kZ Z / -~ggzZ ~; x **
/ X q -q
q -Z Z y 6,
zZ
C~gzZ ~IX M wj DgzZ ZVzX ~k X Z/ { c* X : i ZZ 1950~ 7,
i ~Z [ Z c* C
z gzZ "
X $
b)yZX 2~ ~kZ~  Z c*
z kZ
Y[ Z >X : hZ z kZ
~X w 28/~
lp H e**
g Z X /%}uz q
{g Z -Z z,ZgzZ M F,
In )~ K g @*
X Vjy Z c* ~ .
ui Z kZ
E
Ey{; *Z y!*
$}g {gth eZ ~ Tc*
sZ : T X 7~ '} *
*y ] q ( Chronological Order
X I 9
Zg w}g TX c*
{gt9gX c*
X 4**


Y ~ 9; } #zBB d
$ Z Vz ~gz?sZ -kZ ]!*
wz C~ [ Z L kZ X : q Z ~uz
g 6f kZ ~g X c*
-Z z!*
g:} #}uzgzZ g~} # q ]gq- : { L X [ Z,Z SE
L 4GG
5G $ X @*
x~$ +Zy
-Z X c*
A 7}% }uz q + Z gzZ C
yZVz { E X Vc* ~:kZ Zy{w, Zz ZQgzZ ~

Zz M 7 .: Zg3+gzZ: ZZgzZ wj s MsZX M
hY w]5~%wkZ ZakZa}w 1939
Cgzpe C 3 Zg 9 0
$.: lplgz6,6f ~g kZgzZ c* + + Z
i { E Y y{ wY VX qq
-Z ~ 0
+i KZ ~Z X Zy{
-Z c
X ~ Z y{ 5 Zg uvN Z X HB q /X X
w$+cg ]qgzZ ] uZz _ Zj,Z ~ 0 +igzZ :/ Z
gzZ 8 y{wL~Xg~7 V y{w~ ~ Zz @V @*
- ag X Z" izg L L SE
$U* 4GG
5G $ a} *
@Yc*
oizg~Tug I ag
M n e
$'
,,i~ 8 ` kZ V KZ LgzZ 8 V " yZ L
' X ~ 7,C : {
L
L Z 1950 Z akZa}
X J (,
7 ]5 Y ' Z y{ w ] 5 ~ g ] !*
$**
i 5 X g ZaT
# -Z i 5
Vz X Bq { ) tw Zg Z% ( y{ w) q
-Z''wj; ^

16 15
 $
d /
LZ=# ty{wX {g Z -Z yZgz
%}uz q
i 5 HkC Vz yZgz #
Vz g ~g Y# X
i 5 w 0*8
i 5Z Zi M y{ wX : ~ '
X H{ M U~ e #
i 5O
g i M  ag yZgz Z X g / e #
$**
g ZaT -g/ 8
wv X
@UY { C " 8 -g O Y ~@
z q
-Z X ~ 7,]gz ;g Y X N Z ~@B [ xZ
16,tZ ( yk} # q
-Z ) Hut ]gzpq
-Z~ f
$7c g ZaT
$**
WgzZ c* ,
wZ e {k +
e V;z XBzg k : ; h X : { c*
i tZX
X g x ** L L~w(t bkZgzZ~}g!*
: { w
2 J4E
/G
'y*Z : { 5_Vzy*Z kZ Z=! Mg

~@zg6, w -Z y{ wgzZ ~ X ag
) ZzQ%q
1991ag X@ g zX L)
L x
y{gxo z 4 e $.LZ ~ f
$7c  g2 D X N Z
$F%NgzZ Z Wz g z!*
e$.y{gxX c* ,
wZ e {ke ~: { y
E"
,mt gzZ Z Za m yZ Zg zz E1E
'
gZ y{g X yKZ
y*Z V ~}g !* gzZZzC
C zC
/Z[ Z Mg X ;g
,~
: { Zz6,
Zc* +
0 /Z { Zg Z CZ%ZX s e
i $.
~ zg ZX Vz{eQ x t 1X Vz Z c* -V c*
KZ Z eJ
c* /Z ~ X Vj [
~V V Zz "7,c  @*
X ~ c 7
+
x t h z gzZ p VZ
X } v~ zg ZZ
my*Z kZ
I W@X : { uTX } 7,
**
{ 
$**
aYg uX g ZaT a~ ~r+ V;zX ~ !*
W~

18 17
 kZ6,gxgzZ q Z ZVi 5 Z
H7 g~? ~g ugzZq Vzg ~gZh
g ZzZa `w +y ` **
Za
$Y Z ]q1X
Y Hyt I kZ X g + ~~ m,
ZVc*
r+Z F~ !*
WXg DZjg Za
+
X YHy:x kZ U t4X qz0i5gzZb<Z YvgzZg ZaT F}X
$** Hc*
x **
Procurement Centers
g ~$
gzZ ~kZ ~gX [ a + H~ 6
Z y{w Z /Z%yZyZfZ dZa
gzZ Z{ kZ~1950ag X gx ~
sZ~LZ1X ~ 7, /Z
~wj;^ p C
g ~g
w}) V yZ y{ wX ^g7g ~@Zz g aY
+Z
]6 ~{E z yKZgzZy!*
$V;zgzZwj ~gzZd # VrZXg ZaT
X@ 3Zz~g Z $**
y I ( ~
.~ * 5 ~ sZX H Z Z wzg Z} ggzZ
4z] $**
Vzg ZaT $**
yZ ,zX N Z~@gZaT -/
zq
F

} 7,6,`  KZ ]ZW,
Z kZgzZ F,
bgzZ DX J 7,gzZ ~}g!* V F{z X q :Z KZ ~ aY'X : a
/Z X J 7,
)f Zz WyZgzZ w yZgzZ bgVZ {kg d
]gzp@gzZ C ~ d
$
ezg b Z X 7izgC

M F,
+4a}gayZgz?sZ @*
**
gaV-gZ g (Z
Z x ~@aX wZg t X D ezg b ~ V

$U*
kZgzZ wj sZ /gzZ ZZ 6f ~ y{wX Z " { -Z~g Z z[
;gq -
X Tg~: {yy{gxo JX
+Z bhZ kZVz *Z y!*
bkZX zsyZ {z Z {iZ0
$gzZ. X 56,tZyq
-Z~f
$7c d
$
ygxoX l{
y{w ~X q]7Z~ gzZ Z6, g6f y{w !*
C -Zt X: ;Bzg {gG k ~ w}X tZ
~ Lgq
Oz6f kZ SE
X Y{g7%W, 4GG
5G $ X [08 -Z^I Z ~ ~ m,
Z c* -Z 6,
Z ; { & X Hut q zZ R }i uvgzZ
+Z W,
~,a [ Z i Z0 Z6,kZgzZ ~p6f x kZ V a} F, Z~@X *
i{ngzZg@? @Y Widows-Hut
kZ~ [ Z ]uZzgzZ ] q Zz W Vgz~ Z%ZX 7e**
Y D W yIz Z y{wX b} 9 O Y~gz ~ m,
Z
X gzZ W,
Z Z (,
kZ~gzZ cgq gzZ 4 Z (,
-~: { gzZ
Z
Xg~?
LZy{wgzZ~ gzZ { ;gx~g ?
t
/~gX@ g zX L)
1992~gz L x -
D 7,FVaT*Pw
gzZ}q Z Zq
-~~g hgi 5vgzZ Vc*
~q $**
g ZaT yZ F~ ~zc ~g
w]g @* .~y?
~4z] $7c gzZV
zez kZf
X YH c*
q-~ : {
L L&

20 19
Sg CuV-@gzZ CY7 !*
pVYgzZ[
/gzZ
D M Vg Z
!X
D Y l7 ! b Zz # gzZ
X
!*
z@ ug **
zx3,
Zg Z
y{w
a ~B; ]gzZ X yV ]gzp: {
!*
~ MykX H{ Mae kv!gzZ ~ V- g1C yk
gzZui ** @Vz yZX z gZ
!VEgZ [ ZX (
{],
Z ~ yxg VE Vz y{ wX g Z% } ha
wY ~ Vzg ) {],
Z gzZ c*
zBgZ- M ~ ]g
Vc*
g HVYBBVzg Z- !*
M bkZX 7 m,
?(
X c*
{gt 3
x 
V1y{wa]gzp: { gzZ D Y
$**
gzZ )yZ Vzg ZagzZ VzgZaT v k0*
k M ~ X Dx 6, ,[ xZ Z X V'
[ xZ w zggzZ vg ) :^
,w 6,: {
~I F,
&kZar z gzZ zg~ y
3k~^5~ N*
X yZN] 5z^>)
X g C M } h M ~ x kZ " ~1X
g D { M = a
$7c tt X De gzZ kv~ V- g1x 
V~ f gzZPBgzZ
" [ Z1X c* ZegzZ g zX L L
~B; g6= ~%{ 
$0*
tU
D $. y{wX r M
B^5~X ! f e Z c*
: X c*
{g ** KgzZ 6f {z
gzZ= 5 " gzZ **
V- X C W, p T DwEZ e
OV k0* $.X ^a Mg =
{ 
Ze X Zzg~ ] :gzZ *g~
,
g \ X
gg6a ]gk kZ= VhZX

$.
lpgzZ uZgplpgzZ l7 lp e X DwEZ *g ZpgzZ
# ,0
Z +i ~X 7~'}**
g Z~[ ZgzZ
!*
gzZ D Y C a K TgB ;@*M x Z
# X v l!* ,
bT V ~g6%Z/X ) (Z YZX Vz k+Y Z
5
+Z kZgzZ Z ~g7 nX D x Z
X D iz0 /z6,gD~ Vzh N X gTgzZ 6

y{ w~ i X Z W~ }g !*
w ~ f 1
~ Zz s6,
(@ )w Z gzZ ag X g 1950
e~}g!*
g J ` LZ ~}g !*
V LZ ~gzZ y{g
-g cuL; Lg m$
; { ]8 +8-g C
@X
D+F,
]gzp
\ ghR,
,
' e **
,X ~ ~ xcgzZ g @*
' , [ Z X
X @* -gBB
zgp~8 3 VgCLgzZ Zg Z L
22 21
 V Z ~ Vi 5gzZ V)gzZ V6,bz gzZ Vi 5
C Z9J e i6,Vz
CyZ ] q @gzZ o X Z C~
,
kZ( }i 5! ) V)X CY,j- b (X H Za/_
i 5 ~g u ~+Z ,gzZ[ Z
X Za ~g Z # .
$ ~ ygzZ zy Z
A # X Z/ yZ C
 ~V1~}g !*
TwZ ~g Z% Y Z W,
Zt g/~ !*
M
/q
~ {z-Z ygzZzy ! gzZ ~ {z/
t ZjVi 5 g Z% Y *]g }i 5 ~g u q { n V X ~ ]gi J 7,
/
X ~{z}uzzygzZygzZ ~ uO QX x {%izg V;z *
*w 0* $gzZ b ZzJ (,VE
d
-[ Zp
bkZ1 7ZzJ /Z] NgkZgzZy{w ,
k Z ] qyZyZ ~X ^z wq]g(@c*
+W,
5 M [ zZ
]c* -ZX Z Vzi 5gzZ
gzZd* 5{z sq Xn {g:%
6f x Zy7Zs~uzgzZg^6~ V-6, X Z` Zg ~ T~ 1kZX c*
M 7~zx ** L LZ
: {
E
X V G3rp2ZpVVzg Zu7ZQX gy.6,"
$gzZ 0
+Zp ** X D ;g y{ yZzgzZ yZ{z y{ wgzZ}~ kZ
i 5~g u{zY
YgzZ` { M ! l V-zgkZ{g~ # $**
yo~gzZg ZaT
X D M izg !*
y{]zZ
X ~] Z x ZwZuDygzZkZ + F, $**
g Zu ; { Z_}g g ZaT FgzZ {zyZ, zX M
X {)z{)z
\ ^n ^ o+
,
@' +/_
yZX h .zkZ~ }i 5y ~gz kZ
,g (Z e Vi 5 1t y{wgzZ ~y
H !*
 !*
*zygzZy_uu! X g }i 5C y 
kZ }g X , qz4z] .a z )Y i] 6 LZ gzZ
E E" $R,
f y X ~ Vi 5 tY YY 7'
"
z k Q E1E E1E
y{g g ZuX Hg Z y{g ~
3*Z VZ c*
i yZ)}i 5y 7ZgzZ ` Zg VyZ~
z}
X gz?sZ}g szc x **
y{g
H@ & g izg kZgzZX L L\ WLZv XDy
{z
XB~g bC
L okZ}i 5~g uX !*
LZ 9 V~VzP )gzZ~y
kZ X , Z6,g ` Z {z
m,
? y{ w
( ywq]gkZgzZDZk
, ZVv& 
+ Z
5
gzZ M ~g !* +y{g gzZ ~ J
i 5g2$
~ kZ X
g ~ # -
z
}i 5 L Lc*
cZ Z L L \ M LZ }i 5 y X c*

/Z X y{g VZi Z
yZ 7It y{ wz p
X :z & #~ y J
-
z kZX H qz *
* Z
Zg KZ {zgzZ 1tgZ a X ce bB]g yZ
x w V y X CY '!*
VZ c*
i V

24 23
 i 5KZ ,#
# # e
{z ` tgzZ }i 5 L LZ xQ Z kZ X y m, pg qZ [p Z
? yZ n
,
5 { Zg Z kZyZWZg Z}i 5Z ,7Ukzz~g Z $**
y{g X V;z {z X g ZaT ~ yIV yZ y{ wX
{z Z yZ
y{ Zxj%ZgzZX c* c*
y{ wgzZ $g ZaT
X 2 $**
g$7 5~gzZ {z g Za
gzZ w !*
~ ~ m, ,
Zpy{wX Hk~ ~ m, /
Z Q~: ikZ $~3 Zp **
2 !*
hgVEH [ xZgzZwj c6,
zg6,@
$.k
X V\ F VrZ {zkZ X VZzggzZg Zgzi e
# ,yZ $Y
X Z: Zzg+ / Zz P
z kZ V\ kZ {z 76,g Z
} Cgzx ~g OZ kZgzZ ; g 7Y Z~ #
= y{ w i5[Z
~R,
h  ,
+ 9(g/gzZ  y{[ Z[ y!*
$gzZ LZ ~,z X } ~g Y a ] [ Z #
i5
X C MB; 8 kZ lX m,
z* ]g @*
t X y{}[ Z #
c* C7ZgzZ yYMr
i 5 ~ c* # y{R
X :gzZ J 7,7ZJ
- ` M ~ XZr[ ZkZ ;gVY (ZgzZ
-Z~ Zt[ ZO
V; zX V Y@gzZ V{ q $ y{ w7
}g { Z_ yZ X M 2 -eZ X  h
+
X Vz Z g x ** .~  ZGZ}
ZGZ} .X y{ ZG Z}
. z Z6,
-Z ~gzZ @:Zz ZGZ}
a { q .gzZ y{ w B u
k a{z X
zgzZ Swj y{ wgzZ}~ wj
H
45
1G
g} ,z X dZfZ } !* M Z G 7 kZ X ~
Zpg ,
F yZk B X C~ kg W~ i
ZgzZ y*zy yZgz k
VlX gUg VrZX: lp{zX :}i 5j y~@{zgzZ ~ rgkgyZ6,x !Zk
B X` {g~ Vz
i 5bkZgzZ c*
X ~ hg# $~t Z]u 0*
hg2 gzZ ]5 kZ ~g Q~@X ~ V ~ ~ T&T s Z0gzZ
X ZZzzmyZ {g !* zgzZy{w:L w
1992#@ g zX L)
L x B X
k 3{gzZ $f ~ i wj ZG Z}
GG3E .
L x ~ VZyZ yZgz
Z z[ Z yZX [/Z (,:
-
i 5J
# ~?H Z[ Z L LX y
KDZ~Ny{wX
X ~pa=k0*
yZX ?Vg~{
i 5 ZGZ}
# Z #
.BX c* i 5 y {w
i 5 Z y{ w1X ~ hg
i 5 yZ X g (Z e #
#

26 25
 B} ZgB y{wX gZ ~g uz
Vz yZO Og ~g Y ~KZ {z Zt X , H{z tX[ ZX
HH!Zjg u
X
$**
yyxg ZaT X Vc*
g Z)f ~g Z: {ZgzZ[Z
+
gzZ Y ~ ]gt0i [ Z YZ X {)z b zh **
**
3X 1wex
q # >Z
-Z T r zq
-ZyIV y{ ZGZ}
.? Hg izg
/
x Zz6,}g VrZX yKZ {gzZ+ $.>ZX 6,ezKy
e
kZX g Zi !*
Z (,
y 0*
x 6,
ezgKX ~g gzZ c*
ygs
y_gzZ ! X {3 YyZX gzZzy F,
x ~g !*
zg ~
Z >ZX c*
c* )6,V yZ V ~g !*
zg 4
W O X a 6,V z d
$
KZ D
-Z ~ z yZ y X c*
~ g Zy q Zz^Z 7Z ZGY uzY ~ wX V W w c*
{gt V2z X 5 VggzZ @
- ] ZggzZ D YV1LZ] ZgX Tgsz^
-Z~} #! ZykJ
q yZ X 5 {n CZ KZ X wZO}{z : : { IZ}
mgzZ 'Y qzV yZ Vc*
u@Y ) yZ >WV ~ hg~ '7hZ '!*
~7ZX ]!*
~}g !* /
x Zz6,LZ
/
X D x Zz6,
~}g!* +
0 ZzZ
i5V( 'Yu'Zg~y yZX Hy VpZ LZgzZ lp7Z TX : lp
y ~e wZ L L
u~ y q
-Z Zt ] Zg q
-Z X W: ]!*
-Z ~~f
q
RVV\ wj wZ L LXOgh
+y~e wZ L LXN # x !Z V$ ~X @:Zz g Z
Z /{ Z_)H{Zz izg P
W g !QXg D ZC
^g ~eZ kZy wZ L gL !*
g !*
X {)z{)z X Hg]gzY~,{ c* ,
i y{wX e kZ Zd
$

wZ L L x **
kZ m, s !*
? y{ wy X n : X x **
y{wZ ZO X Z yZ
HH `g ~)** {z
: dy{ w~ kZX c*
WI x * .gzZ= X Y 3g ^g ~e
*t ZG Z} i 5 ~g u ~ bkZX U1 ` Z ~ kZX Hk
# ,~ VzSP
V!* +]]
@gzZVEgz}g X ?Zzg$ .gzZ e X
X Z m,
?x **
._ . y{wV~ { x ~g
y{wgzZ}{z}gzZ ZGZ}

28 27
 gzZ @*
~g kZ X x  +
&e x 6,: Zizg Yy {z X Lg& gz'
WX ^ ~g y Vk0*
wZ L Ly }g 1
}g ]Zg {z X Za p ~ V!* y{ wZgzZ kZy{ w #
] ~izg&zgzZ 1)f y{wX Y~]g^g ~er
E
x z x L X 5H
/ G 45_ r d ~ Z {z X @*

/u N KZ gzZ @*WV ~] *
* qzg !*
zg ~9zg] ~ ikZX b} 9zg
'!*
kZX @* +
y 0i q LZ~ _VZzg Z] ZgX @*
() ~ qz ~X q Zy{vZ VrZ gt X
$
L d +
gkZ 0i yKZx q
-ZgzZgz' $X D Y"
d Zizgq -ZX Z._ ` Z' [ ZX C
yZ # ZG Z}
r .
-{
x **
g X
D H cg |4 ag izg lv}g X CW7 Ug X pgzZgq{z X h+y
-Z {z EZ
g|BgzZ Z cuq
{z bT~|4X ( [ ]{z [ Zp ) _
~x ZVzg y c* ,
= X ezgK^g ~ewZ L L;k6,T eg1q
-ZgzZ Hg [y
)(gzZZ bgzZ
~ ( HVzg y
kZgzZg ZabT Vzgz' H ~g Yx =yz ~! X 7 x ** >Z6,
z6,6,eg1 kZ 7
y ,bkZ] qgzZ]uZzx yZ_ Du|Z
@* q-Z k0* 5_IayzXx
} i ZzgX Z G / .X
uu" ZG Z}
-VZg Ft X D Y {g yZ?
~g Y J A &: Zg gzZ -
$;f kZ 4 N* -ZgzZg6,kZ Y 7,q Vzg Zh
g(q +y
@*Hc*
X Z
s !*
y {zy X y w L L:3gx **
ybkZ_ y{wX Lg +y
X Zh y ~e Y Vz QgzZ I h
+yV(&z X c*
D
X Z 7,
x ** # c*
zezkZ ~g b~e wZ L LZ
Widow Hut? W X Zi Wx gzZ ~]gbkZ]!*
zg
Y yZ
zgzZ q
-Z V r
# ZGZ}
. V- {zgzZ # ZGZ}
} cu r .X ]zgzZ q~ X Z
lpgzZ N {zX y{ "x **
O Zi WgzZ ` Z' } g a
yZX H cg ? O~n~k
l ,]gzp }g0 h Z}cugzZ x **
+Z {zkZX c* y6,
LZX [ v {z12Zp ZyI{z X yKZ : Z et ~g7
{
-E
}g Z ZZ  Zy{"X @*
Wgzi6,?kZgzZ : hZ Zg kZ~}g !* % C L i Z m,
/

G
-k
i Zg ~ _ J, .i Z X Tg} 7,~ Vz_ 9 ~ @*
ZGZ} WV LG4 i Z : V
5E
# y{"X Tg g
Vz_ Dg Zz~WZ e. " {zgzZ Tg gzZ * -a| 7,^g ~e wZ L L6,} }cu @*
@ Y7 /
g?uv
g H" L L
c*
MZ6,BzZ , ZB L Lgzi N g
Fp ? t e~ y 0* Ug {z @*
AZz Zz"7,gzZ Zz
/ZX Zgg{g !*zZ

X
g "gzZ " p _
L LkZX eJ
g -[Z ~g X
g HV ` Wv E " Z } (,
5G t @* g Z Z *
@Y W
/
:x Zz6,
(Z Zg X @* Z: kZ ~gZ)f &{z
Y $9 vk0*
d +!*
k W~ ~g V X g Y s$ +
j0i
E
-!*
VuF,
0+ -Z q D Y g " gzZ "
i { x Zg WKZ bq -Z~F
q @G -Z~~g XgyZN {zXn
q pgm

30 29
 @* L
Y : { }g ~ yq
L Z V Tg # X g (Z 0
-Z Z +i
! Z yx *
*tX c*
x ** L L}0
: { +zy}g  Z y{"y{X
,
X ;gka\ W ZgrT;g *
@YH c*
~g @*
(gzZ

1992~Z / @ g zW L)
L x

5
qz } h Y X g Y D k M M [ Z 0
+i5
X C Z ]gzpVZ 6
kZ  gZ~: { @X
+8
~gizz k]giVg~X H qz $ -gV} (,} (,
uv~Qvx &) ezg z SX c*
c]gzp g b qugzZ
Xg@ e
$.dzZzZVzgO6,
( D H c*
x **
:Zz | e `ggzZ D Y ^g ~ewZ : Zizg ZGZ}
.gzZ ~
[ZX ~ ^g ~ewZ :gzZ ~: {
y Zg: { : X : {
1 @'
Kzg lZgzZ D ,X Dsz^~ {Z yX
~"7,3gzZ DzgZwZ e % ~ kZ q
-ZX D M

X C D Y M Zgzt ZiZgzZ _~X D Y w'
# zZgzz_~t ZiZ
X szcr

32 31
 E"
.gzZy{wQgzZ V1t VZ
_ ZG Z} /yZ _ [p DE1Ey{g gzZ y{ wZ
{' # ] zZ
~: VY c* . y!*
M w= X/_ .{zgzZ H Za/_
i ~g KZ /_ .q-Z~ D:
.gzZ ~Y Sg Y {~: {
Vz ZG Z} t
/ZX @*M
-g Zc 
X H (Z ~OX Vzqz r~c pgzZVz Yq X ' MgzZ '!* akZ

E"
# H
V a izgg e &~ Z z k Q i M x kZ ~% E1E
g x ** -[Z y{g V yZ
y{g J
kZX @*
c* $q
*cZ g Zgd
g Z ~ -Z ZV;zX
H Xg Yk0*
yZa] y{wXg Za
Le * / **
* Zg Z c  ~ lg Z ~ X j_( R)**
L L x ** gzZ ' D'ZgX C qzo~ !*
M @ D qzV-u
,
~kg Zc ~ bkZX Z { Ma~Ug gzZ Zlp {zX V DggzZR,
,g Z~kZ:gzZ xW6, Z@:X CYY{~
+% q {z q j_ **
h ~ X H qzx ]g X gzZVV\ P'; Hg !*
zg Zg ~^g ~ewZ X
-Z0
X q /{ Zg
N Dg z
/ZX Tg _7,Z ~ ygzZ _7, M y
+Z Cgzp kZgzZ ` ~
{i Z0 o KZ=%~ 0
+i
X D Y~ yZgzZ D *
@Y M ~yza
@:ZzgzZ Xk
f}[ ZX : { , -ZP j_ **
>gzZq X Z Vz *ZiZtt yZgzX t: iwj _
*c 6,
X g Z ~ _~ zg ZgzZ ~ m, i 5QgzZ J (,gzZ
Z X ;g ~g Y tt yZgz # z$
+

}{z_V1v [ Z zg ZgzZ _ V yZ ~: { , z X D_ yZ X _ k0*
r# ZGZ}
.[ZX D
X ~~ m,
Zt X H qz_yZ ~X PgT k0* z kZ1X k7,_Zzz y{w~gz?sZ ~
s~ _
~ [ ZI F,
gT X Z Zg [ ZI F,
zg Z ~ yj
jZ hZ ~(,k0*
r .[ ZX [
# ZGZ} 7 P
,
k # [ ZX ` Z
g= H qz_] &yZ ~pZ Wz6, Y Z:
L L[ q
-Z X N M I = z ~ yZ X 

gzZW,
O [ ZIF, .gzZy{w}pX HW,
ZGZ} O o _[ t X ;@*
= _X 0 Y ZgzZ ~ # tZ
r
X D_V1g g y{wQgzZ{ga ~gz?gzZX C M
~~
-[ ZY VzF,
Z c  ~ J ~ zgZg H{ Zg Z ~ -Z {z [ r
q # X "7,[p[ ZX q k, hZ~ kZ
-ZMy Interviews^q
- zZ q -Z gO X : { M b~g7 3*Zgu _~ kZX {g Z E
5G4L L ~g[ hZgzZ
e { 
~X N -zZt X
f !*
-Z%~M%Z {z HF,
q +
0 +I ~t X
i x Zy_ Zz [ t _ X [ _ {h
!*
yZ {
X Z  % L L~giz%Z)**
izg~ HF,kZ gzZ
Xs M ` Z'

34 33
 # x YQX im yZ
! ! {Zz r
Z y ZX ] ! ! {
Xg{.Zb~g7kZ[ZgzZ(+4a_:{
y!*
$?X ,TY~* (yy{vZgx YX , Za ~p ~tzg }~ }g !* +
0i _ g
/Z X ~ V y{/Z y{ Z- X
~ kzuw{zp { Z wj LZ ~ [ZX M Z J ~V5`  CZ= X q
Xw=~ 7,
~y1c*
0*
x Z (,g = yZgz x ~r~ !*
M ~ 6X H qz 9
yk yZ * ! ! {Zz y{vZgxY
! yZg{zz ! ! { ,
}~ Vzk +Z t
KZ [ Z gX Z {i Z0 +
{ C " ~ 0 ,
i ygzZ {kez
! ! gzZ D~gz'
! ! { ,
ygzZk+;g~V6,
5 /
}i{yZgZ X ;g =kZa
! ! {  bgwyZpC
!! XB ! ! { /
!! XDgZ ,
ztk
i }{zgzZ 4z ~(,~ kZX { q
-Z~ ~r+
X y{!*
u"p{zgzZW, C**
Ou",yZ1 gzZ{g/ -Z ~ ~hg#
yZ X M ~ ~ewZ {zizg q # [ Z X w
i5 Z
-Z~ VzgZg R
{zX Zz ZyZ q ! ! { 
!! FmyZgzZ Zx ** .~sg
Zg7X {X H ZG Z}
Z(, 7ZX B#
i 5 Z ~ aY7Za kZn:| 7,{ c*
i -ZyZX "
gzZq $U*
ziZ }g {zX ~@;ggzZ

-Z X CW,
%q ,6,
O Z {zX ZZ
y{wX D M: { yZ X D { Z_ yZ Z {z (
0*
] z [ Z ) Y [ !* z
gZ
X @*
Y kZ6,
gC!*
_
.gzZ6f @*M: { # g Z ZX A y{wgzZ Zqz **
D wZ Z Y**
M ~: {
 X yKZ,Z
~: { y{g ZGZ}
.y{w {zZgzt ZiZzZg ~_[ ZX D Y M k0* Z {z
}g : {
X 4g \ yZ 5 X y!*
$6, Y[ !*
gZX wgzZd}g Y[ !*
g ZgzZ {
**
Y **
M VzgZv {z C [ Z~ ^g ~ewZ V;z $
Xg ZiiZ {z X D d  ezg } Zz yLZ Z
: {
gzZ C kZX Hg Z qz ]**
Dg: ZI F,
KZ ,zX Z qz N*
g zkZg\ g
Cy ZX [ x **
d yZ k ; g\y yZ
W} (,
,r
] 6 LZ 5' # ZGZ}
.X %Z i ** $Y ~g VzgZ
z+ gzZ Vz *Z x H pzy1 g\Z e [ Z X X
{z X k7,gzZ
/
X CYcx /[p]zZgzZ Dg Z X Vc* ~` Z'
[ Z\ Y: { gzZyZX
~VzZ e
c*
M c ZyZ I F,
-Z c*
q {izgq
C M: { -Z {z nX D Y r !*
4+4[ Z: { LZ Y [ !*
gZ
)R,
~ ( : { # y{ wX ~gz]5 ~g X
g Z V yZ r X g ~[ xZ
X c* g 6a5 yZ kZZX
~T $
y{vZgx Y d # y{x Yd
yZgzZ y r $
: {
N Z D qzg Zi !* $
~g Jd ua yZ {T
g6 a kZ g VEZzgzZ ;gm V Z yz yZ a ZX

36 35
 g 6X @*
szcgzZg T
] ~ Z M {  $Y
Z +
tzg X eg !* M {
zg T +
g *tzg0 yZ [ ZgzZX
i
izgQ c* ZX
yKZ kgzZ %y% 4 e
x  $. M {

4zt X 4z ~(,
yZ X V;z J
-k
, yZgZ Z
g zZ D Y T
{zgzZX J
zX g ~[ xZ m6,: {
{gH 7Z
-: {
.y{w )V6,
g 6 ( ~gzZ ZGZ}
yZgzZV;z ZX T
x **
yZgzZ c* -ZB
Zsg Zg ZX ; gZZ yZ &gzZq
X c* zDsg
C~g Z
,
V'c* # ~g Z
,Z~]5r
6 -Z
x{g / ~ w z 1 ~ /X M }uz q
( Spokesman)W%}g ,zgzZ yZ y{w'X
~ !*
M X @*
6,g~@~V!z V-u XDy{w
( u5 ) F,
Z# X @*
Z ~g Zi !*
gzZ Lg Uo~X CY r
XgB}ggzZv:{# ~gZ~izgzq
-Z
Q c*
D M k0* G~ Lg ~h a Vz c*
Vz v @*
qz a yZ @* +
x[ Z X c Zh Q g izg
k0*
V7e wYX DQ}g ~ lV7e w !*
~~g1 . @*
kZ Z} x(Z Vhg yZgzZ : ] !*
* w
*
~u@ c*
X D Y 5 Zg wzz ~g !*
s',gzZ lg !*
@*
Y [c*
** - ` M g Z g yZYX g Zz @{z ~
yZ Z`: J
f@* M gzZ (g e J ev9X CgZ
-V X D cg !*
J XyKZ[ jZ {zX[ xZ
w=gzZg@X 3 D cg V 4Z ~ y1 {g \ M Zz [ Z ~& X c*
cg * Z zgz - ** ~g Z
kZ ~: {
X @* Z@gzZ @*
Y`} t Z Yy!*
$**
y!*
$Zzf@* ,
X Vzk ,a\ M
,
Zk .,zX D Y wZ Lk
ZGZ} , .gzZ~
ZGZ}
e 8 ~: { cgz!*
gzZ f e 'X @*
: nz v M~} # , Zm@ g zX L)
1992' L x
B}g yYxZ Zi R ZV yZX D Y
wj{zX Lg~: {

38 37
 ;CY ~i : #!*
~g N* .~ wZ L LX g Zg {z~~g Z: {gZX k7,~
g ZGZ}
L i Z m,
C /
# X*
Vwg e Z @Y c* !*
gC & D ~ c*
~ kZX Hnz !|
F i Z : V dux ~B; [ {e{e6,V:z X D g0
\ +Z Z *
@Y {g Z
;W,
OwD Z)g Z 4Z Z yZXiZ }g X D_gzZ D Y
Zg ~n ^ : W o / k0*
k M X
yKZ 6,gzZ w ( y{ ZGZ}
.X 7ZgzZ
H
F i Z : V L L zyQg Z0
kZx Z&
D Yt Z { {zX +z
$ ZgzZ
}~@V yZy{ ,(gzZ d g**
c X DI
7Z ~
w (]y{X
zgZgzZX zz ~g7 g D{zX x **
jkZX yz y3F,
-Z~d
q $
}g
yZX 7Vc* -[ ZX Hszcz sg
c {z J
~ ]g c*+
3h yAZ ZhZh{z X @* ]gzp X C
o ~ x LZgzZ
X yZ L Lx ** )
g ZX we -Z VrZV
Zz]gZ Z g Zq -ZX @*
izgq '!* .X d
g \ ZGZ} $ Z (,Wi Z0
+Z kZX @*

~ ! ~C i jg tu a gg Z1 3g y{x * *t SE4GG
5G $ -Z~=~i Z0
q +ZgzF
%Nc*
M ~R,
k0*}r# Z (, -ZN L L
q
X g V
C # gzZy{X g7
gr 9 # kZ= ?j HX p~g vV Le **
r nm{
o
-ZC
X H Zg Zg , iKZ KZ q +ZgzZ
~i ~X KZ)WLGG
$ kZgzZ ]!* +ZgzkZY~'
~i Z0 ,] !*
-Z m r
q eg gzZ: 1 y{
# gzZ Za X ~ ezg uT # X V Y ~\ M ~;go
r o# c*
r [ ZV
i 5X ~ Za p yZa} e #
# i 5gzZ w X
Dvd N X H`nZg **
{
-E
j_X ] 5 yZ~g Zi !*
 -Z ~~Z
%q # yZgz Z zg @
]gzp wj Z ZV*@wY X g a
,
?g HV L L Y7 y{X { Z_y{) D Y wjlplpV( awYt k~ V-gz '
,8-gX 'Y V

P yZ Cc*
}g k\Z L LX Vxi 5~ ] YL L ~ g Y C zgt [Z''3Vzy zg6,Q
z gzZ
# .x ZgzZ x X
g
} z~ #
i 5 ~g u{zgzZ L LX *
@YZ~ Z Z @ kZX D Y wj~ V-uYX
7~gzX $
# .~#
} i 57L L Ugj_X c
e } cu L LX ~(, ZG Z}
wZ 6, } .~ = ^g ~ewZ
X , hgVc*
g !* d~ (silver)g|^g ~e
zg V gzZ \
~6,] !* M X I M c*
yZg y '!*
{z=Ny{[Z
T c* O~n~ ]gzp ZG Z}
g g ~g7 l .

40 39
 -Z kZ @*
T {#q YZzakZZX Lg Zz L Ly~~g q .X g (Z e #
-Z 6,} i Zzg yz ZG Z} i5 X H
Z_s X @* .~(, {z X Tg kZgzZ {z ~
}
# 4gzZq@ e
$.q
-Z {zX VZ m,
z M*,
kNgzZ ]gzp
g*t } #kZ X @*
y@* ] !*
~~ m, Z Z kZ {zX y Cq-Z ** $z L LZz Wk0*
2- e }g ZX k ,y{ zg^' ,
E
x kZgzZX gZg e~ c@yX G
54]ND'!* L Z -Z X gz]e~k
q ,y{X c*
Zz* .
^ ZG Z}
kZX **
^{zX 4z V Zz: { !*
YC ~ uR,
c{ y{X Zz ] w Kx y{X g Ngz x
,Z1X Fm kZ,zX m1 [p~ m,
s1 Z' ZX @*
z Z~%gzZui **
~i q -X e7: Z%x &Zp L LHnZ Z
f kZ {z ~^ ] fi kZ ZxX m1 _ ZX .X c
X cDgwkZyZ ZGZ} e xgw kZ
X : l=g f kZ# P Vzg ZgX I
i 5Z[ ZX V yT yY ~g yZX wZ L LZ
xyZgz Z
'!*
@*M K- eZ
# X kZgzZ y'X e~ 
{z: 7x B} yZ t t L LX c*
N 7Z y{ X
Z { 8 8 } Z ~ qz~ T yq X @*
-ZB: { /
gZ z L ce Z X ;gx ~ yZ L L{ izg 8@*
~~ y Z L
+ &
+Z CZ q # X B X Tg r
-Z ~ yk kZ Z! n yZ Z # H !*
/y X ~ wN*
] !* xX }
Z] kZ 6 Z
LZ { c*
i V ~ 1X V W yZ ~ gzZ C
d h1 X M ,
X g =gy{gzZ k $**
T yZ L LZ
x
ib) yZgzZ Sg sz^B 4Z ZX p V2%gzZ V%V gzZ~akZ @* -Z~V-u
: x ~yQgzZ{xZ q
X Lg\~[ Z%J h1X C + [ZX 3: {
$Y X Zz Y M: { ~ ZG Z}
.
Ha
Cg Cg gzZ g V Zz { B wj x kZ
gzZ : { +y
h ] c*
gzX y ya6,x **
g :yn,
z6,g L L~ f
$7c 6,
~q ]oZ ~ yZ XB V hZz ]
:{ X g gzZ p ZgZ0
g z kZx ** +z X D Y V;z Za
x ** \ M LZ {zgzZ X CV Zz
3X D H ehZz: { kZgzZ * Z {z 4z s: X 4z hZ ~(,~g kZX
@Y @*M: {
.X )f } **
ZGZ} Kzg g c*
lZgzZ **
ZX @* .Z
ZGZ} yZX yTyY V Zz M ~ ygzZ [ xZkZzz
BX yKZ [p H ZGZ}
C .X D 3 }'
gzZX @*
g # zX ],
r -}7
ggzZ J 7r
# *ZX 4z
$.1X @*
Vpx yZX { e ggzZgqX
)x C ,S ;gE- gzZ
sz^~ ;gE- x **
x ~ Z' z R ` M
[8,ZX yKZ y!* $.X c*
$gzZ $f e 0*
72~ *pLZ z!* Z }i 5r
y Z X D M : { # y{x Y {z yZX
g
X x{za}X Ywy X Hz+
$Y KZ : { yZ ( g )g^gzZ }ZX 4z

42 41
$F M X c*
%NV KZ g Z Wy C7 ~}g !*
a=Q
t ;'Z~: { [ c*
**
gzZz~[ xZ}g
# X q Z Za
* kZX e:g e @ M ~ yZ /ZX }g p C
VrZp {zX yZgzZ y{yZz
X _{ n # 6,Vz} (, Vz X 7g (Z e Vi 5
i 5gzZ F,
X ;g r Z" wqZ)** i 5yZgzx X lz
yZ~#
1992 @ g zX L)
L x : 1 yZ D ~ @ Z
:{ # yZ c*
yZz
X ;g~ 
~  .X ^ q
/x ZGZ} -Z ZgzZX { ~ 
~X @*

y{wgzZ ZX 3gg x **
*Z[8LZ ~x ** C^ Z
kZX g
] c* # *Z y!*
OZ%gz? sZ {zX g Z { Zi r
$
y!*
${ c* # g Z R,
i VzZz}g  r kVz XWz6,
w7Z ~g {zJ 7,X Sg%Z] !*
~g 7ZX
C
CZ~ 1949~ZX Y Ha}x **
gzZ~X Zg Z g 4 kZ
a,Z~c X ^qgzZ Zg \ ]gzpX lpu" ~~
X qgzZ yZ Vz ~ Vx @*
: VYX (^ : ) $ , ~
~ Y Y 'g~g 1X w5u" ~~e # i 5~
{g VZ yZ@Zi6,geg !* ,
yZk +Zz LZ ~~X
g >X\
Z%X % k0*
CZgzZ ~ ~X (]gzp X
g 7 ~uuq
-Z skS
.B q :Z= X VwV [ Z g Z
` wgzZ ]i YZ ZGZ}
izgg e &X^ w| l, H
e wX^ Z bwYX Z lpNa X
X
Z bxc* -eZX ;g @*
X Zg F^ 7  Y kZ[p
k0* X eu7{ c*
VgzZ: { i wX ]: c*
 gzZ Z
X c* gzZ Z hg~{z0
M ^: { +Zz~X n

X Y
'!*
{%izg Vc*
gFKgt ^ w

44 43
L ZX @* ,Y` Y D Y~]gkWv
y gzZ ^
X i Zz M kZgzgzZX @* Z{zX 7Dg
Y m1 F, /l{
X ;g M yZzg V- gkZgzZ Z
-Z X g M @*
q q ,Z y q
-Z M : { -Z
y{w ZxgX { Z_yZLgz X} F,# g !*
Zr
+Zy gzZ yZ| (, ZGZ}
X Mg0 .gzZ ~~g @*
Zy X

)O Z (, q
-Z {zX yZ Z (,gzZ { Z y{g N*
g `
+'
{zgzZX qg Zh O%~ kZ1X B ( Zz %
\
V G3BEXg M ~%{ Z_ LgyZgzZ y{wX q 3
E"
Y V;z y{ wX g ZaV;z V yQ E1Ey{g gZuX }iu 7
c* ,c*
Z e ~ kZ Z)g {' /y k0*
0! Zg7~OkZB[ ZX }g Z
E yZ
,
' ~k /
xw'g X Zy M x ZG Z}
.gz Z Z[ZX ^g ~eZ wZ Zz6,ezgK X +
M 7 ~ 0
+i {%izg [ Z
X @*
xV ** +(ZQ
3gzZ j Pz ZgzZ D:Zz ~x 
PzX D Y: y :Zz W: { gzZ D Y
X M W, *uKZ y{ w
O V-%{z X y .sq
~s~uzgzZ ZGZ} -Zd
$ #
} i ZzgZ C\ Z
, V- %gzZ
X zgzZ vg ) wV" c  ^ S 7Z gzZ DgZz g
/ X \gzZ V(
Zz ggzZ CZ(,Zuz y!*
^ +%~ w}
ic h -[ Z~VyZ : {
yVzg ZaZ Z {zgzZ : szcJ L LX
Ha
g Zy{w bkZX mF ZV-% X M y}g gzZ D M ^'ggzZ a Zg{Pz X D c*
x **
X c* q ~g X 1 { ^
` y{ wX
,Y ^g ~eZ wZ gzZ: { zz yTyY~gzZ**
y!* /
i}X Dxs Dg
-ZaX Z ~KZ [zjxi QgzZ ] 5
wjzzV$V- uJ ezg } {z ' Vc* -ZC
~ q ~ yZX k {z
x **
yZ X Z :Zz a Z{ y{ g g Zu X a ` X D a 8 - V0Zg M gzZ V7e 
E" .- )yZZ ~ kZ LX
y{ 1EY q [Z vZ e
x ** $Z@ gzZ ( d
W r
# y{g )x?Z E C**
R X g( ) R ~ yZ X D Y
# g Zu
D YT
X
r t ] ZX ~ {zX C:ZzgzZ CY B; kZ ` c*
( y{

46 45
X 3 ZguZzZg * !* +
 syZ0i izg
gzZ { ZB yZ ~X ;g_[pX izg z g zZ ZGZ}
: { .gzZ ~Q [ Z
y izg ZgzZ { !*
Z Vps yizg Z ;g| 7,F,
zg Z Quite Flows The Donwz** gsbL V
-Z~y
]g[ q M X @*
Zz6,Vzi6,] 6f KZ {z 5 Zg t X H x ** c*
g c L L ~ !*+
Mh -O!~zg ZF,
E -Z wz**
q kZX
X F,[ kZ ~ zg ZX g Z%~
M L L;~: { X {e{e~ Vzz [ p H_ kZ X By{ [
gzZ @*
Y ** +
Z ,j 0i '7,6,Vzk,z yZ
Z # gzZX`| 7,Z gzZ L L''F,Zuz kZ QX c*
M I u" wz** -Z s=gzZ
X Bq
J45
X n A G TD 6,
gzZug M s M y6, /e kZ
+
H 0 H~ wz**
i X kZ ' X , Vz ~ kZ X 5 ;g c yZ e
-ZX ;g{ ~g [ ZX CY y
q s !* ] Zg
sPC X x6,
gzZ
Y 1950X H qz +Z 6 w6 X Z*
8 i Z0 w +
X
g D7]g 0i {z q wt V' Z zg
gY C Kg[ Z 'Zg {(gzZ s u@X M 1951 gzZ Z* +
,0 yZ bZ !z Wz o yZ A
igzZ
D Z} (,wz**
HY ] ~g7 ;g (ZX gg D M%0
H qz k +i~yZX y ~ wz**
X
[ Z {z ~ y gzZ ~g X
D Yy
)u~
6 gzZX gg Z% w0
+ +@yZ }g X
i ~ y$ - ` MC
Xt V\ M J {
X c* y ~ewZ X H qz O~ }g !*
M w Z w P M c ZX g Z%~@{g !*
z eQ ~g Z
[ X
D Y wjx @~ ag
ZjZj{)z {)z V\ lz }g X g{gizg
YyZgzZ M ~p ~izgz
X
3 KZ zkZgzZ_~] ZgXg z {g !*
y LZ {zX D M ZgzZg z
g!*
zg Z gzZ 9zg ] 700 tu ^g ~eZ wZ X D Y [p[pX Dy **
{ i Zzg Z (,: { g

H ay~3 H~kZgzZ Hy M tukZX H qz y _ LZ6,l
gzZX *
@Y {i Zzg } #EuZz kZQX D { i Zzg
-z ~gz
gzZ +Z V V\ J ~ kZ  %Z ? 6,V1*
c 46,Vz_gzZ D wTg} 7,~q
-Z a
e6,
l Z
+y
X B=~wZ h
V ~(,aVwj,q mZ~X 8 sVzg e~} # VZu * e qu
# Xf
@Y~Z
y Zg7 X qz!*
~ Y M ~ ^g ~eZ wZ [Z s M y VrZ6,
zZmZX D M ** .'YJZ
s
g ZG Z}
+zt FgzZ j *Z JX Tg V;z
gzZ D~%~g M LLg Z0 ug M s M y X VZ m,
~ Zi MgzZz Z ,
z Mk $.ug M
]gzpe

X C BX Z HDq-Z~B; kZ~k ,kZX g M]gzpu" ~-
J45
H !*
7Z y{y # Z
X qz4z ~g7 r x A G
g Z- ~ ~w KZ {z X n  z Z|k
, -Z
gzZ q

48 47
 yZ L L[Z Z
xX[ x~ 
~g Z LZ
||[pD Y M ^g ~eZ wZ Q
'!* # 7ZXk
Z , yz
X D1mgzZ6,
LZ~cgzZ D

/~gX@gzX)x
1993~gz

8
$U*
g 7 ! Z gzZ i~ ~X Z " w g 7 1951
yQgzZ @*M y{wX Z Zg7wq V- X w
-Z M ~s}g: {
{ b ~gzZ { c*
kZX ; g {g~: { .X @*
i] ;g ZGZ} Y`
.c*
ZG Z} X 7 V Lg~ y [ V1; gY @*M y~ yZgz
-[ R y{g X ~ V!*
i 5J
~ # Z
{
Xq)z!*
~o: {

g U*M V[ Z ~ VVzd X M g X ~gz

$rgzZ ] )vx X
3 w.v Z V yZ ~@X M
T
X @*
Y c* pg pg 0
@X n
Z7 : ~ yC +iz!*

x Z !*

Zz@,z X M x Z !* M ~gz
~ y
ZgfX C3g `x Z !*
Zzz T C~(,~ UYV

50 49
wY X Z{ { V-u@X wjk0* /
k M VYX Dg t M ~uq
D Y % -ZQgzZX
Mx Z !* /

V +
t yZ/Z 0 +
igzZag {0iw! gzZ cuVgzZ a X C M ^D YD Y7g Z ~u@X

L
t X
i Z g {0
+iaw a X Dg Za F,
@a M ;g [ ZX Ig
y /Vc*
u M w[ Z
+
0 $z VgakZgzZ 1J J
igzZ d -[ Z V X c*
hgw zg LZ X !*
V-{
X g (Z .
}
w yZ X { x ZLZ 4 g uX #
~g Z 7
x Zux ]g \ : { X 7~q=t X ,4z] .a g Z
EG

~ V LZ Yc Z VrZX uLZ ~g Z)f
gz Z: { # [ Z X VV ?YvZ X Zz**
g i Z +
z 0i
X H YgQgzZG y]q: { L 3XZ +H
X {Z
k0* # ~g Z izg q
yZ gzZ L :Zz g r -Z 7
-eZ x kZ 5 Vz *Z w (gzZiZ J 7,  , z
-[Z t X [ c*
~g J gzZ N ~(,X `2 a}g
** . F,
~4z] gzZN { Zg F,
7Z,# .VLZ e
} $Z@
~g +Z6, ^g ~eZ wZ c* /7
Ct BgzZ X ~g X 8 wj Lg *
@YyL{z X Lg\~ ] 4Z y{ wX ,B yZ
1~zg Z F,
{ c*
i t X BZzr Y } wg \ M 7ZX N M ZGZ} y.6, r" gzZ "
.gzZ~X :Zz: { $
V LZ
)
Zg Zgo Zz V1yZX ~g ~ ~ m,
Z YZ wz**
V' Z Y: gP gX Tg"~ * V1'
X ZzrV1yZX gk ; %N{ c*
y{g O QX D YyZ F i~}g !* +
0igzZ _7, Vz
gzZ
Xg 7Z lpgzZ[ sV1 Ug \ D gzZ Z 7Z L L;@* i 5g !*
Iy{w Dga {e # g !*
[Z ~g ZX ;gY@*
YZX H qzgOZ " V1 !*
gzZ '
<g OZ
/YZ ~(Vz ykgzZy[Z
X g zZggzZX g~: { ;g Y @*
]gzp b@X M@gzZ d
$
F
%N3g ag
}g y ]gzyZX Z qz **
Y **
M [p V[ Z ~ y QgzZCL b ~!L Zg Z LX gg J \zg * cy}}uzC
X
+Z gzZ g \ ZGZ}
t yZ i Z0 .X } {z  :
Zz k0* -g] Y { C "
8 L gzZ !* -Z
pzh M } izgX cux q
X ; gY @* ,X ;g)
H) , +y
Vzg Zh +
X gw$
gzZKqg 0* .gzZ~X B} wgg y
Y} wg ZGZ} M igzZ VwY y!*
wjX @{ c* -eZQ
zp@7
X c*
=~ogV1yZwg 0*
~~eZwZ t ^g ~eZwZ wwV}g \ z @X xq
-Z

52 51
VzgzZ c* i 5X e Y c*
=g f]g~ # [p t ~ +Zy tzf L X3Z~V P
X H qz 5V1yZ4Zg0
,Y**
yZwZ e~kZx ZgzZ Vh^ ~g !*
zg Q c*
F,
g h x ZgzZ g 66,1 yZgzZ V1~ og Z
# ~ qz qz
+
g 0 /0
i hZ~ { yZX Y ~g Z + z ^
i ,Y **
s n ~}g gzZX qzhp V M M X D Y7 -a f
eNx **
XByKZ {g **
{zX # z
X ;g | Z Himg ~ ^g ~eZ wZ ~(,gzZ Z q
-Zt
P X c*
Vw FLZ ^g ~eZ wZ ~g Z +y
@~~ Vzg Zh
yZX F~ zg Z 6,[ Z zg ZB yZq
[ZX g0* -Zt`X M gzZq
gZ {izg8q -Za}gizg X + Z H
C {z{ E
g0*
X MggzZ gzX t X : @*
~ ZzrV+Z { Z Y Zy{w ~ e M y
H !*
@* -Z Vzgz'
t 2Zq
 z CZ L Lx**
~g& gZ Zx6,Y !*
[ Z c* y{ wgzZ
g~}g !* [ {
}g!* .VVzgz'
4z] gzZxZX `g '!*
hZ hZ ~(,~ kZX y ~g
X a ZzV ZzWY Z}g gzZ: {
x g0* +
X H gT
~ l0i +Z ~ a }g g **
{z X{ea "7,  ~: {
yZ| 7,Z @* -Z **
X Vqzig M`iZq ~ViZZX +{ g Z `  `z yKZ bgzZ { k
gzZ ! CZ f yZ0 H;N "
$U*
LG
&
$U*
X V" .0
gw~!4z] +ihZgzZVAj +
Vz 0i ~ < c* c*
~g _ V1 yZ'i M g
# V\ X @*
r Y !*
g Z kZ VgzZ : x= -Z t `z yKZ LX M bgzZ 0
q +igzZ ` gzZ '~ M
X Z sg yZ ~ kZ X R!* . gzZ
~ [ xZ LZ ZG Z} ] 5I = wP X H =gHI =& F, [
VyZ ZG Z}
P Zx~ X }YgzZ . : xt= #
g Z `  LX y L~zt Xg ~@izgP ;g {z Z
. w
Z gzZ ZGZ}
D H ~g ~V, Z gzZ yZgzZ l]1 c*
dt M x Z i M +{X HvZ& F,
ggzZ ! CZ f yZ0
+ LgLg~yZX
ugzZwjg Z0
X )
V1 yZX HH~jF,
Z
ztgzZ t X F,
zg Z [
+
M g [ Z 0i yEZ gzZ X kCp [ Z= +
~0igzZ
-[ Z H Za [ zZ (Z~f
k f t J
X gYC X c* !*
C d)~}g !*
w7Z n +
0igzZ]
-Z gzZ X ZZ~ Zz DX f(,p ~g 0
gzZ ]gzpq +i n
,Z /ag X@ g zX L)
1993s6 L x WVXX g Y DyZ6,y/ y ~ }g !*
wzg
}g !* +
0i hZg Xv {z
a LZ  v,Z c* K
:

54 53
y!*
ic X
?[ ZX
D y!* X
Y 3!*
iC i
$g/~
b)xg gzZ
qe ( {zX
~g iZ X
*Z
X
Bi
w=t X
** L L~gzX) yYvZ
: {
-[ Z Xx
{z ~ VP mZ X
_ J M kZ J
L
{z X , } ~X ;g 4 : { L c*
c*
g!* -Z ~X
`
| M q
{ Zg Zf% Z eZizg
X
DC
# Bizgq
p~X
4Z~whr
-ZX e:(Z1
3 Zg CZV} 9gzZ Z4Z~ 7{#eg Zz c~
Z @*
iZ VrZ k0*
B [6f JgzZ V\ M g \ ) yYvZ 9
't{z]
# L L
Zu'''M: { Z 0
+ - gzZg ZX
i wYZgzZy
i 7
H{g''': {
( Zg vL L ) +
0 +: {X C Z Zg Z Z~ ] **
i ]~}lz$ DgI
JdX [ `DzVc*
!*
yZ X zg^Y ^Y {zt ! 0*
X Y Z' +Z kF,
X L ~ i Z0 **
b ~g D
] !*
% [ X $ -Z
7 bhZ M q
X $ H < ~g !*,gzZD Cg )
' , ZpX CY 7~x *J
-V_g Z _Z
) Z 0* ZuX q r" Z X VZzg }g )N !* g (Z /{7]gi q
X C -Zx4,
Zq DX
D YKg] **
 Dg
Z L L Y7 yZ D{g Z s~ y{ E 5JG W } (, yZ
458Ed lp ~% Y '~\ ~% /Z (Z q -Z ~,Z
+AF E
kZ ) VZg E 1 M Z L L c*
[ Z D zg X ?
g yT - [ Y ! X i Z Z V 1G4$Y~ X
zZH=
X ( V}Tp - ) yYvZX YZ ~ ] zZ yZ Y y_
Vz Z e X
!%b6, / ) yY vZ u 0*
C +Z 4Z
] 6f z ] tX
yZ ~ Vz0
-Z VrZX 7 Zz6, L VrZ ~ ekZgzZ
Tg D Z `
q bVz(,VX
D yY V!* +Z C!*
~ i Z0 .)X

_ z CZ f
/
i>Zgz6,
} O Z c {z )X **
Y utg/ Z{ Z_z ! Z # ) X

F{z X
Mi LV' ZX
g Z Vgr

56 55
 t yZgzZg D M Y ~
Z 3g ~1B p rn i L L ^ ,] Z O Z

! ZgzZ
vg ) 6,
ucZ Z
$ Zt0*
d y!* # { 
i _r +{ 
Xb h $ +[ }g{z1X
$ ~ L LXN Z` b6, LZ~u{z { Zg Z yZX (
dZ
6,
u
pg7g 7akZgCX
yKZ bgzZ =gyYvZ

Xn $z0
qL!L gzg/~aXA[ Zp 2- e +i ~g7
# gzZn: uzgp{zX
u VvZ 
g h J Z ~ ~ e !*

uC%Z X ] = ~ }g !* $za kZ ;g @*
2- e
{C x ~
1 CY g E 5_N M M%~ yX g: # s M Q bzg +
N : h [ Z 1 H rZ 6, u[ Z X
H t 2- e
$z
K gzZ -" M d
~g FkZX Cy $ +
_yYvZh X Vj
/
zgyYvZ Ks KZgzZ ( **
% VzgzZg"VX M6, /
XbF :x Zz6,}g [xZ yZ ~g F yY vZ
# yQ g
X Y{gg -]) **
~ aJ -Z6, ,gzZY L L
g q
ggzZ Jy{ ZG Z}
.X Z {Z
+q
-Z ~g Fh
+r
# ] z {nVxZ[ Zg ! zZ szc Y !*
M V2z X Z

X
+
DhZ {zq X [ ^Y Z&
+ Y Z'
# X Y7I 1*
7Zp bV2zr $6,
*e
z!* zC
X
Tg~V ,
{z1
DhZ k +Z 3g
3ggzZ i Z0

` Z' { c* i egT ~Zpt yZ ZX ZC yYt
i { c*
S4z ~gz ` M X N Y ? ] !*
Y: C7,**
] !*
yZ " ] c* M V2z
Z@ ~g x Zg M VzZ e V- gzZ X B]5 ~y
C7, Z',4zB ZG Z} . x gzZ lgz6, 4z X k0*
V2z y Z X Z e  Z ~ i Zz M TX
g
*X Dg 7]F :N L L~ y!*
i y X D 7~{{z X {gIZgX c* /
M Z Zhz &Xg Y M {zVzq]oVzm,

yYvZV 1X: M6,}n kZ A
$HwZ  CZ yZ k'
, H
X ~:Vzg Z ~g FyZ~ pg yjgzZx Zg M 7ZqX
J g ~g X VZzg \ 6% M kZ} 9;u
Y Z' x **
V 1 V Zz M a ] V
wh<g M Zz yKZ g**
-ZgzZ k1 }i x ZP 6 9ZgzZ
q g ez ZX 7~'\ !*
yZ ** hY
[ xZyYvZX M
X ;gzgB[ xZ Z9~7{# X Z 7,
*
*uF,
~g [ xZyYvZ7Z
J (,

,j !%gzZ ~g Z g  O ; yZ ZG Z}
} .Z e ~ V2z r
# }~@
6C X yZ gzZ V wZ V x m, {zX g zg  !% # 7Z Z
bg m{n yZ ~ q :Z ~gF r # X

z
EB&
ah + ** zgX D qz q L t Q~ zZz M hC
M
C pyYvZN 7Z c* # ~X
wh7ZZ H7,
&
**x V .gBEL L9g9 V zz q -Z g }
t
/+
h Q ! ~gz z[8LZv~} #X
V|~gaN~r" kZ

58 57
~g Fh ZVgzZ 1Zg N ~[zj yZ
+ N X } F, h73Y{0
X M + +
i 0i gzZq
-Z ~: kZ [ ZX
& &
X N @*
@7ZgzZ Z{q :Z0 +
{0i +gBEq
-Z kZg \ V .gBE}g ~ V w LZ bkZgzZ
- **
q zg 1~)dZq
** -Z KZ ) yZgz kZ ~ o X Re ~ Zpg
X
D M g Z r" 
Zpg VZ5 N J (,
s: {z , X x q )x**
~ X 1" b[ yZ M
V;z V , { c*
i { c*i7Z ,:B yZB zg u ~S ~i !*
77gzZ e wZz X g / g X
E
~ ~g Zg  yZx F %NbkZX N U ~g FzyZgzZ N '!* 4**g I zg [ Z v ~ ): G gN*
G3g ~ c ~g l g zZ{}gz
X gzZ : ~eg V X F,
tX :  -~
Z~} h 3Z q
+Zz kZ
X TX
kZ x ** Z c*
-Z
X Zq
$
{z X
Dxe
] Z g zZ&
Y o Zz + YC wX Y c*
[zjy{ wg c*
yZ g ZZgzi6, yYvZ
qkZX
D'!*
~ ~}g !*
VgkZgzZ
!* -V9X Sk yZ Zy{
i 5X ~ q
#
-Z V Zz Ma] {z
~g FX
D Zzsg }uzq q
xzn -X ZggzZ !*
q Vz gzZ g q
-: { -Z
Xc*!h +'
Z c*y Z -Z] Z"4zgzZ V
X g Z2 Z J 7z1`x

E"
$gzZ bX
g Zu\ LZ E1E
guX
y KZ y!* y {g g Zu {z H c*
{ c* ,T w} 7,
i ~ ]zai
a X
R X V2z LZz!*
` {g ~: { g~qz z
N X
7 { (}~ [zj+Z _#X Zy{ wN
B 4ZvZ WZ H L L
L X
v z g c*
yZa kZ
q KZ{g~ y 4Z $g ~ m,
gC yZ X @*
**
Y **
M V; yZ
# y ~X
g c*
7Z Z # g ZuX
k
~yYvZr ,+;g
5 gzZ~ZX :y~kz7,kZ 7yk0*
_#1X ;g
+Z] q
g0 -ZX 3gvZ L L:h m yZ~p ZyZ c*
C~}g !* /6,
( Kg 0*
ZB{ Z _) Kg 0*
y{wN Zz6,ezg b ZGZ}
.Z e
Z s VrZ 6,_ c* C V Zz C gzZ whg0 +Z c* kZ~ id~X qZg
Y Kg 0*
E"
Ct \ E1E QgzZ
} \ M 7 z }\ M yYvZL L **
M Z~ lyZ c* # N ~X @*
ByZ
D Y M@Z

| (,yZ~ L) kZ yYvZ C
| m X zgg zg Zig Zug ;g7l~N ` M 1 M V ~ lN ` M X @*
*
@Y
y{ g ZuX KZKh
+ **
MwND zg}uz X c*
B z vg )
Pz kZgzZ g ~C~ X ;g Zp ,x HLZ

X D Y Dxe
$ D M wh: Zizg -Z?q
q -ZX d
$ -zD Kg 0*
. 8 z
X UoV

60 59
Wt X +
N CZ 0 Q V Y '[Z
i zXN `: { z {gHizg Z X Z9
? -wh: Zizg ZG Z}
J .Z e
@*
xnwZ(,
/ ]!*
yYvZgzZ
}y{wN X W k0*
7Z ~XC
!*
{z c* H` yyZh
{ i ZzgX e 7Z
'!* +Z N Z
yY vZ{z Z {iZ0 # X ' '!* ,~ [Z
]' +Z g Z Bu. LZ q
~ i Z0 -Z X M g0
+Z Zg f L L
LZ {z
g |? ]!*
ZyZgzZ
g 0*
7gzZ j Zz Lgt k~ Vz J ee Z Zg @*
Z gZz X ;g} 0*
VY
H7,
N ZX {gz c*
'!* ex VV; Zzg
yYv1 h the most {z a kZ A 6,gl 6, X Z y{ wN
bgm "
yYvZX B
 $ z yQX Z7,d
V2z R $
yZ w {z gzZ H ] i V2z a yZ X wa n t e d p e r s o n
` M X y {D~X gzZ~` M L L~]!*
.
_ .7ZX [zj ^ J
LZ {z } -w3 Z Z}
.~
z$
X +~gv ` MX
HM y{w Z akZ~ g80 +ZgzZ u **
D zggz X N 0*
7VJ -g Zh + ~y
M g c*
EE$ Z x M@7ZX !
D

M KZX 7~@{z1X
Z6,: { Z
~@D
{0 + .L }E
i Z}
~cZI ~gF?)KZ +ZZ ZeX ga` 3 Pz izg*{z c*
** .X : ~VZP[ Z Y whN
C ZGZ}
X Tgk0* zC
k M_ '
gzZ~Z,Wz6,%ZX +
0i yYvZa N* ,
y k ] Zg1 @*
7
w L LX n 37
"kZ7Z ZX
DJ 7,~ ;gE- y
Zzgy M
'
, K)'' VzR,Q aPz ~Q 0*
!*
C }
{ c*
i u {za Z X uZg ZgzZ kZ Z(,yYvZ~: X (
#
s
DV- lpByYvZy{wN {zX
+Z
g0 Zpg~ 5 ZgN Xwh{ Z_N wq
E"
L ByZX M E1E
vZWZ H y{g gZu~ zZ ZX
DkC V~ !*
!* L ~ y!*
: L i _y@*g LZ VrZX 7**
J zg
+~ ) zg
c y{wX CY w$ t bkZX
7 : { rgZpgzZ '" `Dq
-ZX A > z}g\ zX V zg
e
/~ kZ 1X 7S kZ ~ %11
B
Z -Z
kZ @{zJ# }uzXg6,kZ
z [8 kZ
]cB; X @*
|m Yc* /
N ZzgZw=V }gX7 VZ c* -Z Vz [ Z X : ~ * kZ
N}uz q z +F,m,

vZX '!* -ZX @*
9"gzZ^z %~)q g } Y Xb : M 1 g Z N X c* -Z zg X V
` gz q
cBx**
y_ ~} h 3ZVX
y{wy{w
8Vq g e 0*
qu Zz} z3 ])kZX x **
Zuz ko GG3J& D )
s7ZvZX
y{wN y_{z F
Xg# /Z( ) 0V; N X ( x **
1
]VZzg VZzg yZX 3gz ?
X Ma] y{5
} Z~%j[ Zy Z N L L yYvZX W\ 6y**
z VzX ;g7o

62 61
~ Z !*
X ~(, Zgz V Zz M a 6,` Z'
,} i Zzg X
No 6 H| (, lg VZ5 X

zZz yZ r
#
Z egzZ) ,Z Zz Zzg Zg Z .Y
~ s Z Z ] } X @* ,
7g~}%ivisitorspX } 7k visitors
Y
} Z +Z * Z) ,qgzZ} Z +Z * Z)
,y) , F
C ggX Mg !* /~i Zg yZ~X {D izg ZXMyYvZv

HE
x 7Z X M e!* Z[ J.G
24&
X ] r # ~ VC@* -Z }X c*
V2zgzZ q ~qq +y
h Uq
-Z Zzk
,
,
{ Z'uD O$Zz m,Zz {gt 3 F,
!*
ZZz '
` s~gzZ KZ,UgzZq
-ZX N*
U {D,z 70KZ#8
xp V zy {zX M k0* DgC
nZgz'
yZ vVzg ZD Zz~ ( V3, ) VKZ L gL 6,#
X c* .KZ r
} # & X

FX M o gzZ y x Z0 Vg " o X  Xt6, '
eg {D,Wz6,
Z + ] yyZ ~ cZa ` V2z
x X ~h Dearest Abdullah Jan Jamaldini

Z'
,]YZy
Z }g ? V;z gzZ Y c Z7Z xj% You gave so much of yourself to others,you gave your

time,your understanding and your warmth.It is no wonder so many

j[ ZX D ~} #y Z3 VY: Zizg'XK ] OZ
people think so much of you and it is no wonder that one of them is
X g @i ~q ~X M ] z!*
KZ ~%
me.
V-!a !*
!*
L LLZ ~g **
X 7 ef VzgZgzZ V' Z VA May you live long
z(,
ZZX a6,` Z'
yZg !*
Fy{z } (,}X ' \ to celebrate many brithdays more!

!*
Wz6,X M gz ] !*
. ]og !*
_ W LZgzZZ KZ
F{ Z_ d Z yZX [| (,{ YZ ~x c*
Z&z Zz~g F
: { IZ yZX D Y M {7 x 
C
:Zz c Z+ZZX N M kZ L LX c*$ Zy{wN Yt )gfeg M VrZ ] !*
,
z x ZWz6,Xg D M a ]
D MBH Z e KZ yYvZ t: 5 kZ6,y{ w X }
nz *
*
Hc*
X
C =6,mZ V;z {z c*
?N* z x ZXg
 a[ }n{zX DZb 0*
gug IyZX O$~ id
-Z yZ q
q
g b Z' -ZX
HV;z~e8
-g LZ ._` Z'
LZ # Xg D! Zp"gzZ
V$5 Zg[zjgz?sZ {zZ M Z!
-Z~}g !*
X @ V;z [ q +Z5X ~g ;uyZ[ **
-Z Zy{w
q zgzZSkyZ~ y{ Z {k
,e g M y6,
-ZX M }q
q -Z Vk gz X Zz  V &*7Z 7Z yYvZ~ c* Hc*
Zz kZ [ Z ZX yKZ L L V-gzZ
ZgzZ lpx G
Zz* 5E
"  * y!*i _q]ogzZ { Z yYvZg lZ F, . **
N X x Zu] } {g !*
z
C
x ~]g# qV 
sLgzZ~ L 
X =?mZ yZ X g p

64 63
 # X ~g x' HX
0[ Z1
~g F yZ Z Zz6Zgz sz } MZyXg D M Z=X D
yZX } y~V% LZ {z { ;g y Z y{ wN gzZ ~ ugzZ
CyZX i ~gpg }
yZ Z (, yZXg
J~X c* z yZw ~ e 8 zZ L Ly Z ]g
wq ~g F +Z g!*
iZ {z Z { i Z0 kZ 1
D 3U ~gZ yZ w!*
} (,} (,
VzX
0 Z e } (, Zz 3 Z Z}
.{z 7Z X
H nZg ** +Z4zX
Z 4N*
g0 # {zX
-

D M Z
c* ,
: VY ` kiyZyYvZz!*
kZ1 ` yZ {i -
@ J/1760 g
? V Sm
yZgzZ
D Yg1Z
Vz @*M 7? ]!* L T M c*
kZ= L ] !*$ Zg= X
d H C
Zz ~ yxgX k y M x  + ~g1 V\g x X
a ? 0
F~yZ ] !* VV{0
kZ=
D YVYk0* +Zp **
v .gzZ
4Z ~h ZGZ}
V '
,X Dg M izgy{g
_~X
D Y!%
]kZ~yZy h1!* 0 w izg}E +
~g ZyZgzZZWz6,X Sm yZz6,~
G
.- YE
G !
{ c*
i Zgf g !* +] !*
kZ ~ L L ~ w$ ~ X zg , V**
g 0Z WZg ** -u ZEg **
Z wzZ D7 Wz6,B 54h y{ X
Y
qz ** $U*
[Za" Z KZ ;; M ~X
g h1 ~%y{]g V5: ) F C Z eV!*
" KZ <g M m, L
X :
.Z}
Z} .X **
3 ] ] Y V {g LZ { c*
i 3 Z t X ~ a { ( Z @* ,
g KZ' C" KZ
j_gzZ Zp
k0*
lg V% LZ ~ : ZzgB}z kZ {{z!* /[ xZgzZ KZ ~g $ X D iz
~ m,
Z zg Z ~
! { M Vw *X Y gzZ?ZbZ y{vZ ~ V-%X qg!* . ~ i Z0
}
F~ # +Z
{z Xg DW sri kZ y{ wN gzZ yYvZ o ygzZ xj% yo x HX A y{ y;
,}uzq
>Z' -Z D 7, ? ~c( XZ
DD~i !* # g !* -Ze Zz ;gE- y X M a ] g g c*
z q #
kS r
! n VzLze z q
-Zg 4z Z6,KZ Y ~y
M !*
gzZ ,vZq~ VzZ e X M
Xu {z kZ X yZ gZ gzZ g Z )
-Z~ i Z0
}uz q +Z 9Z yZ !*
Z gzZ ^z c*
g!* e
kZ X : (Z ` M 1X f i Z e Z * Z whwX D Y M a  t GZ Z eZ
H LZ ~C
7Z X '!* g7 ]!* .gzZ .b Z'
_ X gW% h q zZ eX D Y M izgC
] OZwN yZgzZ ] yZ
YE
Z eXgg }(Slang) G 54]}g@{zX : { Zz6, X ] yZ - [ !* u Y M Z e Z 6,gzux Z
g ZgzZ i Z
YE
+ZX CY {i G i Zg f
Xy M Z
54]L{ c* # 6,,Z ZG Z}. Zz ~i W}{z L L VrZ
Tg D c*
7Z c*# g\[ !*
CZ gZ
]** 26,G
Dg Zzjg1 ~
CEaV
ggzZ ] !* X V Ygz~

A+
DV X : VCg" ~ Vg ) L .EZ kZ X @*
,E Y g D -ZX
_~MZ6,q
D~% ~~ iq
-Z: {

66 65
] zZ ZzxWVZ5V( X ~ 7,7Z ee ~(, +
s1 0 kZgzZ ;gi {z X
C .
gzZ J$ g '!*
G
Xg?# } . /
u ZyZ'Y Ma# }.Zz LZ wZ Z~gzZqX @*
ZC +VrgzZ V1 c6,S0
{E +
gzZ Yz y{ E
a !* 4J58EK
5G M n!*
W V yZ X 0
d +g m,
gzZ yY y{ Z e m<!* +Zvq
!0 -
IZx M L;
D g !*
g !*
q^t ~ yYvZX
D Y
gzZvZDX #
bV Z {  .yZ| (, KZ y{
} egzZZq
f -Z~e
$Zzg KZyYvZ yZgz~gFkZ
-Z ~ y { 
w q Z xDX ~ ~g Zg  yZ 6Z^ 3,
/ZgzZ
D qzoaB; VZz M a6,` Z'
{zX

x ** -Z **
V LZ {z ~ zgZ Z Qq w @* /ZVa X 
x D (ZX Dta kZwV M [ZQ
8xaB; yZ
~ yk Q Z Q **
w @* pg: wgzZ { 
Xn
H{g e" {  taB; yZX n
Z yZ c*
*
*1DYx **
Z {z
$D w LZ {z t vgzZ 
Zy{ w bT ;ge X z 
> Zt~ o !* H` Z yZ N X
!*
,
X
Du| - Zg Z' $DVLZ
ByZ
De X c* }[Z 1X
gg\ \ M
Y
c*
l{
: { IZ V ( [xZ VzZ e ) yY vZ X Z 7,{gz ~ m, -ZyYvZ "I Cannot resist it"
Zizgq
bZ !*
KZ Zzl X 1 ] ~ Zg Z ] KZ yQpgzZ # .
} ~ c  6,gx X g ~ m,
Z {z w9Z %6,gq
-
+
{zX {0 e Vzb~
i y Z1 `D X
f Q p Z + ~ m,
Z @*
g ZR,
C X CY Kzg xn ~ m,
Z
z ue ZP Vc*
Z wd1D7x zi !*
gzZc V c*
!*
yZ X
` Y y wh {z X
DwEZ ~ m, Z ~% ~ h N X}wEZ
D M
E
D r yZgzZ a
yY V2z LZ 3 Wcu X Z YgzZ X
* * HI
i L L L L q
s1 e !*
~ e L L eg ~ e !*
LL
c*
gh "L Lw y{ wN ~g F X ~ w X ,~ m,Z?a
7, Z yYvZ1X {)z {)z
+'
X 3:h .X
yZZ} y!* Z ~HH
ic KZgzZ D Yi{z
` F, * {z *
.F #
@YkZ7ZZ
{z wgzZ % Y!y Zy!* e we8
ic X f -g ~h {g \
1993y #X@ g zX L)
L x V ZLZ
huF,
X
M
X
]g~7 ~(, X J ~ ~g Zg H
$U*
y{ Zz]zgzZx" ~(,X n%) 7ZX
9%b6, p
@Y| (, xW V ZzY
~g * /ZX
C M ~ {zd Z
# X

V ZzY D ~ # .\ !*
} W X 'Y C
s: d !*
Sh1

68 67
 .G-E
5
~V3,G SgzZ s 6x whX 6,g F ~gzZ H ZX
yZ~X c*
yNu" g\ = bVKZgzZX 3gwu" Z V@
8Z , VrZ V yN @*
z' z Z e [ ~ bZ X V
w! c*
X ~ ~
i Zg gz } D 0* Z e [
q :Z [ xZ v }gzZ { 
xW VzZ eY X H I ~ g Z X ~g F ~V2z
/Z X ;g {!*
} # xW@* oa ~g F m~
X 7
-izg kgzZ@ Ug Zy{w[ X xWgzC
[ X g J !* +Z
7g0
.
P X D B 3 VY D p=izg [ xZ x }gzZ y{ ZG Z}
,Za6,gF~nX ~gz\a}izg V !*
$ 10
, e
V-x HgzZ vg ) $.@X 7}T~ D p=v
7 =
X p=gzZ n
gF ~ V {ogzZtC k,
kZ zz kZX {: { ~{g * gz X L LMg
yZX ]=V.g gzZg7 Kg 0*
X {)z{)z|zzy 6,
(C ,
Tk -Z ~%{
~ ]g: YZ sq Z e [ , yZ
yZ ~ X Zi Z gzZ ~g^ KZ= VgzZ &ZpX Vgz eu" Hx:
X L ** Mg
mkZ : {
C ;gE- X V Y [ yZVY V M gzZ V\ M 6,V
/ t ] Z}
.X Z 6, W k ]Zg 1993 #6
w yZ ~X ~ ] = V { c*
i w~nX ] = kZ6,}n 'X W,
O{ c*
i kZ c* +
: M ~: f Z: X :h
X } MX}Z kZ7Z Z}
.X VqyZgzZVyN -[ ZgzZX W,
X
J O{ c*
iV 0*
gzZB; Vc*
!*
m<!*
zVc*
!*
gzZ ;g W,
Z
Z , D 0*
z' u[ Z e y!*
q :Z ) y{ i Z $}
jn 1 j+ M X ~z) egZzcE6{#~gzZX
Hc*
vwhw=gzZX H qz `
yZgzVzgzggzZc Z ~g Z
]g \: { ,vZq[ r
gzZg Z ) # g Z [ VzZ e y!*
$gzZ . $.~ ( 8 X
e
F,
ggzZ c Z Vzgz yS yQ% X
x Zu[pZ ,
pz wh , z X ;g ` k # B 
i r g Z [ gzZ ~C
i [8[
IZ VzgZ ~gzZ ! Z X yT yY [p: {
: { ~ VI s=  gzZVzZ e x Hx {z r
# ~C $4
i [ .

70 69
 gyZXVg XG~g ~ V R
{  l]1
q 4EE
- EG 3{!I F, 1X
V yZ X ` 7 kZV Zz: { HHsg
V Vz X { 
t ZiZ ** W } (, r
gzZ d # {
g^ -(C
q
g  [p~ V! Zy 0*
X el 6
t ZiZ**
yZ {  1: lp VzIF,
# { 
r Z (,
g^X t ~ -kZ
@~ w}X g p ~q $ ZyZ gzZ
gzZ d
. ]Z|4Z ~g g c ~ w }X D e
t gzZ V Z] $ - VzgZ yZ wP ~
q
[ X c 
X
~Vz~g gp] Z| Z
YgXg {g~g V yQ 77~ VzgZ yZ l]1
-Zr
gzZq # { +xsi Zg=gV;zk0*
$ r# xs -kZ zz
{z V! Z {z V;z X q
p ~ Vgz'
.X 4Z eg1 ~ewZ L LX Dx r
ZGZ} # y!*
~ V! Z X ~ V R ,
Z agzZ *Z'
Z Zi%X g
q -Z V' ZI F,bkZ X z r
zg ZgzZ # ~g ZX W, # "gzZg( ~I;[
O r
EE{ !
43 I F,
+
h c
EG ZGZ}
~@V- X .gzZ ~~T -yZ] !*
VJ IZgzZ: {
: { ~@gzZ ]!*
D]5 yZ~g
.gzZ ~X {g !*
~)kZV' Z_gzZc  ZGZ} z X p G7Z kZgzZ _
[p~ V' Z y ] c*
kZgzZkZ Z (,{ Zg Z Zg X
ui Z ~@ c*
{gt VzgZI F,
ggzZ c Z Y:
XN; - ~g Z W,
q O yZQ c* -! ZI F,
q
Y c 
! Z [ Z X N Vc*
gzZ ! ~ yZy ! Z ]5z^~g Q b kZ izgq
x?Z ~g Z ~: { -ZO X V c 

$ ZgzZ
 D Yd i S N ]
g zg Zy{ X Z { c*
I kZ X { Z_ yZ y{ wgzZ ~ X Y V ( xs ) {
,
k y Z L LZ pg x ~ ezg uZz T
xgzZ n eg $
bkZXp=: {+{ +gzZi Zg=gxs{ Z_~g Z
$
! Z Z xgzZy{Z V;zX H cg T eg Z ~X X [sg Zg yZ
F, zg ZOE& X @*
Ct ,
Zk
Z  C&gq
L LOE -ZgV yZX CW ~g g c ]g c*
i Zz ~ [f Lg yZ ` M y xs
e p ~ kZgzZ Dh
[ Z c  ~X f +y Z V' ZI
Z t ZiZ **
ggzZ x ZK ~g gc {  $
Zz yZ X d
k0* X [ c*
}~ z kZ [ Z c X qzhp { c*
**
gzZ
i~ ~ #r
Z # Z [ X kg ~@wjZ ; sZ {z X +
X N ZVp~ >soPzs /
X ~ Vz gzZ iZ yZ D J 7,~ wjZ ; sZ
g Z 
c*
g yZ >zgZ yZ ZX }Y
F zg Zy{~ L g Z zz 4z xsgzZZ~w}
xsX :
D H_! Z {zX Z (, [ Z Z
xX _7,~g ZQ gyZ Zi R
Z sz^~ ~ Z e ~g V yQ { 

72 71
 y ZgzZ X y{= {z
kZX Za pu" ~ X p ~7Z [ ZgzZ ~ +]
zg Zh .gzZIF,
gzZ
g xc  yZ y{ D Y T
c_ G # Z
eg Z -Z
iZ Z zg Z \ M [ L L y{~ izg q


,j_] 5~g Z~T
o i- ;o ) eg X D c  ~ c* ~c y!*
[ Z VrZX D7~ i KZVY\ M
eg ~ y{X C lg*ZgzZzZpZ {zt X @*
7 e 7p va ~
Z ~a kZ f ~

X Zsg V.g (gzZ qi( a 9~T @ M ~NtX Bgz Z>Fc ~TX M nKZ
.gzZ ~
gzZ _ [ Z et X  ZGZ}
z kZ ~: { VrZ X N | 7,7Z \ MzZz L
L VZ ` pgzZ N zg
izgq
-ZgzZ U ZG Z}
.O X Y ^yZ Y q
-V' Z c  c VrZ b c*
X qz~ rt
I _ ZgzZ q
_ x ** -Z V' Z _
z x 
~: { ~q
-Z KZ y{ e !* .Z}
gzZ Vzg z} .%q
-Z L L
[x)t X Yc* ~
rz gzZ[ Z _bkZgzZ YHV' Z ~g7 V;zX }gzZ~X c*
{g e~uu/a
.~R,
ZGZ} + kZ 7 c*
w V }Y Z%Z yg Zh = [ Z X kZyZ~ @*
: { c* /ZX ~ _ Zzg
i ~ _p

c* M F,) Zg2 kZ VrZX ;gf4Zx x ^! Z kZX r
K # ~ Zc_= Q X I| 7, -V X Z W,
~ _x > J O
r .X C [
# ZGZ} 7 kZ lX c*
ZVgzZ c*
Zk0*
~ ZgzZ Z X 7g
z kZ ~ Hg ~ X V ~ x CZ V
g
gzZX}x Zux kZgz X{g Z Z ceX $ +'
Y x,h kZ O * H1 y gt ZX V yZgz
* ~g kZ [ Z = X
I _{] Mg
,kZ~}g!*
X }  g ~ 1X wZ H LZ LZ v x !Z kZ
c*
.LX Zqz{!*
LgzZ DB ZGZ} **
Y** eg Z Z
M ~T ~ y!*
X ~ i KZ= bT[ Z e ~X H cg }g )
( lg*Z ) 1!* xy{**
lggzZ Z V;z X @*
Y Z~ KZ ~ }g ) c* KZ ~ ~ y!*
gOX V ~ i KZ gzZ
kZgzZ Yc*
ZzJ (,b[ Zz y!*
ic Cc6,] !*
kZX ''!* .gzZ l ~ Z gzZ a  zZ L Lc  s
"_
-Z [ Zz y!*
gzZXce ^q H !*
ic  Zt y X Y HaF,
c ~bkZX W,
X ZZ ~ .}vX
O/_
~}g!* )g f ^kZ
* t x
kZ X Y H ~ X M V\ M ~X | 7,st y{Q
{z Z # VrZ b c* C ~}g !* Vz KZ y{ @* -Z6,D T
Zy{ kY q eg C X C
!* !*
C!*
.~
_
i 5~ Vv yZ(gzZ ~ #
$O g#
V G ]! c*
g X yZN6,
V\ M ~gzZ H xs=kZ
kZ X 17Z yZ c* *c  X VyZgzZ
> ~ BV\W6,4Z Td
c kZX Z: Zzg: {
~

74 73
 Y
H-E
# &{g !*
r z +Z [gzZxgzZ~izgZOX Hc_{P -^ ~uz q
VrZ ~ T , -Z {z n g Z LZ VrZ b
-Za}g r
wX 5q # [ Z~ [Z X ~ q :ZX 6,
@ ,
XKkg ZZ*
Z @*
X x e -Z 9zg ~ kZ
$. gt X ^q +
gzZ Vz0
gz V- g g x **
gX M ~ G +
Z*%~ 0i
X **
Y ,
Y:'*Z'Z 5gg 555~nkZ {zg Z
~%[Zj[ Zz6,ezg r
# lg*Zizg}uz F,
[ Zc )**
g Zuzt y{a}XK `gg Z
~gR, !*
k%Z6zZ KZ {zC @1X ]5 yZV;zX 6, @ +y *
y$
HlZ /kZQgzZ ~
*egkg[ Zt VZ c  KZ yZ X
X G y nZZ kZg zZ Z yZ lgX E" Z-gT gZ
5G X ;gxzngzZ ;g Y
$.X 57{P7 c*
e # [Z
~w}ZX 7p r , M } # y{ x 
V P ~ } M' -ZO
q
6,
@yZX A ) y{Qxj%X k ; ) izg}uzX - x **
yZ- [ Zz y!*
i c  L HHt gzZ X Z ( kZ ) yZ- V Z gzZ
L
Y9
ynZZZ[ Zz y!* 5) EVgZ
icgzZ ]5 yZX H gyZ-X ] !*
C NZaZkZ -Z
zkZX YZq
{P9zg&gzZ c*
,jgzZ HgZ p { c*
i VrZ Hc_ ZZgzZG $**
xgT
w Z X yg Z, kZ { c*
i yZgzZ Yy{
yYx~ izgZX pbzgyZ X c*
+Z [gzZ Z
[x [ Z 6gzZ lg*Z[ ~R,
6,X
HH= ~R,

kZ c* $ Z ZgzZ J h
9zgge Y: X . /r
# kZ w ~R, ~ Z= bkZX1g Z ~R, zZgzZ +Z


X Z6 # +Z [g VYX { c*
Z ~g ~ r i izg Z r
kZ~: { # Z xgzZ ~X Vz K M F,) Zg2

~ Lg ^z z [ ZgzZ y!*
@{z X yZ $.xj%r
$ 4 e # .X c*
) Zg2 yZ- ~g ZGZ}
X HZgzZ H  x Zux
-xy
J # x g2~z K Z
M {zXZzr / **
{X Dg!*
zg Z[ Z Zg yZXce ** 6, -Z Z ! Z m,
uq ? y{
Y
H-E
X v%VZ b Z +
x{z$Xg~}g X YakZr # &
HY&
-ZaZ x Zg [Z
OX , qzx ~ kZgzZ B q - E[Z ( ~gzZ1!* ,
lgx) ~ Z'uy{izgq -ZO
Hc*
ge &X -Z6,ezg b V@yY x
a y 5 {# q z kZX @
x Zg M {z W 11 y Z= Xgx Zg M {z
qZ YQ X c*
- Z Z X Bzg ktZX { q -Z ~ Vz# 0Z W | l, -k
e Z y gzZ
Tg ~ 'J, ] Zg {z ` X
g
EE
43{!I ,
EG F zg Zt X c*
Z yZ- [ Zz y!*
ic L Lx **
Z eg1 # [ ZX Z 7,**
y{ VrZX ] 5 r OX

MQx 
z ZGZ}
~ w} .gzZ Dx 6,
g c  X Hg Z p y!* ,
i c  gzZ wJ Z'uyZ- ! Z6,
Zpg

76 75
 # [ Za X H qzx qX c*
z kZr
: ( x ZZ Z (, Z6, +y
wh " q
-Za kZkZX c* +y
7Zh y X c*
Zj
z{ (g u[ Z
gzZy{C
XT e 7**
g u {z q Ht x X Dx gzZ kZ Z xgzZ~ izgC
X ~
Y
X gQ}g ~ e M gzZ`4Z~ F
C y{vZ e
$Vz yZX , qz ** Y q - >c  0 h +%
YE
-C #F Y

u **
{ c* # ~
ia ~ e M pgzZ ( y{ Z [ ZZ z yY x {z X p=@ g E Lg F
C y{
# [ Z,zX { Z~
r c  ~
g y{{zX 6," kZB}g gzZ p=}g y{gzZ y{vZ e
$X
gzZ
Y ~ }g !*
kZ {zX [ Z oc  +%; gzZ
P bkZXg 7ZyYxgzZg D gZh
~
uz i c  {z kZ X
 *S [ Z c  # >Fh
x N Z
Z +% ; X Xq yZ >sq
-Z
y!* pg ] ~ }g !*
igzZ [ Z kZ yZ X
DI ZgzZ
n - ` M $
J +X X
~z Zg Z LZ~X HF,yZ~zg Z
gzZ _{zc Ug VrZ # # zz 4z
yZ~"Z X m: ]gz! 7Z
ZZ~y!*
i ~g VVrZX c* ,
=g f ~wj~Z' y!* L i8 qzx ~ izg&z izgq
ic L gL2 E -Z
~ y!* -w& #
i ~g J yZ X H6,kZgzZ HtwZ W!*
~uz uv. 2 ~%` MgzZ ezg b Zz yZ- [ Zz
Vyz!* gM6,
ay ) Z ggzZg ~gY -eZX :gzZ Z
}g 7 yYxgzZ~~w}X+ $Y
Y
H-E
~ F,
Z6,wZq{Z
+kZ kZ OX
HHxz hkZyZ ~h yZX g M ~h &y { Z[ Z [
6,
u}g 6,} i Zzg
Hc*
X !*
Z CY X E" Z^g.T4gX ~%j[ Z~h +Z
5G
[ ZX D~ k]g- Z r # [ Z Vz yZ X $
Y gz u
1993mX@gzX)x
# [ Z lp Vz X z HG34MX6,
Z ! Z KZr #
u r
B yZ{ yZ X} F, # [ Z1 p=]
Z 7r
H` :Zz ~gzZ c*
X
gzZ xX g  -Z M
q
Z ~ ~ m, # [ Z~ kZX J 7,
Z#g Z r
X @*
7I46,
uZg " +Z~ZX g7x {zgzZ7hZ g
{zX c*
J-y{gLZZX yZ k
,kZ
# [ ZgzZ Zg*7 Z akZX yZ
}9zgs r

78 77
 Z c*
*X z qz r: { +e [ Z r
VZ Z & # ~%{
V ; z X
-[ Z1X Vz qzgz V ;g M ` @*
J {z~gzZ ;g M ` H w
X e7
H^gV ] !*
qz VgzZ t a }Q
~ m,/g p6,{z gz XQ {z a gz kZ X @*
Y c*

m~y
%F{z bkZX : { M ~~ kZgzZ r
#
M X &
~y + [ Z X ;g Z F,
ei Zuz {  ~1Xg
H
Z h Z Z D X
g Sd,SV [ Z X V
X 8 @* Y Z h Z X
gZgzZ D7X g Y
KZ X
[ Z vZ rgK { M 6,x mgzZ Z&
+e { 
1X V @*OF
7~ 11
-x !Zx tX ~ 7,^~h
X Vg q{zkZX H{ Zg Z J
qZX Vz7g OZ ! c*
aMg ~ h+'
[ Z { Zg Z '!* {g !*
PX Vg ~g Y qzy: { z~ kZ
Vg @* +
~ x ` 0 ,
i~ ]g~kX Vg @*
wg Z X V Le I
+
X g {0iX Z (,ra }X c* L ~g F KZ6,g6f ~
hg r:
H} Zz"7,gz XgzZ{ 
,s { k yZ= # pX ;g Z{ c*
Z /Z X x
iu" ~ f a p
/
X,g /
gZ gzZVc*
z ,
gz$~k~gzZ g **
t' rS,S g +
&e Vzq X * +{ Zg Z @*
@Y w$
# @*
Z g OZgzZ mZ e1 :x t *
@YZ_ Ug6Xge**
a}

i k Q~mX Z qzVZ 6 $
X ;gd M 1951
y $} qz bBB; Vc*
t wX Vz qz rA !*
gzZ V Y
~I F, X [ w$+@ [ZX 5~@~
kZgzZ: { wZ e~f @vZx H]!*
w}t X qzw Z ~g F
!*
Vz}uz oC +Z y X _ J
y gzZg0 -gz gz ,
xsZ~] Z Z ( ' Z c* # ~mw*X ~
mY: ) Z
# Zz pg Zz I F,
@Z !* -
M gzZ4c Zg ;J \ M w} c* q ~ r
C N # @vZ ~ !*
M
V yQ ZGZ} D M
z kZX D M gza Y V Zz: {
.gzZ ~ sw Zt pX w} Z Zz} V
;g @*

80 79
 -Z}g X Z~ x c*
gzZ uq Z wjsg : ~% LZ wg rLQ ~ X }~: {
g x ** .
ZG Z}
k,^ M Z /,r
# ~1938 # jZ}
.[ *Zx H g !*
y ~g mz6,~ VsZ ZGZ} @YY KZ @*
.1X * 6 V
wjw ggzZ k7,~ wwjw g~ X D Y yZ[xZyI D Y7yI{zX M **
LLX D M: {
-Z s V wj~y X _7,~ k Z h
q + ~ Zg k0*
}g gzZ D M v wX Tg k0*
}g gzZ D p= yZ
V9Pg~ VjZ r
# jZ}
.**
w@*

E C D Zyzz V1 ^g ~ewZ X DI
kkZ Zy{w~[zjX c* -Z X c*
Zsg }uz q ZZg g Z (: *6,x c*
pg [ Z c*
n pgwI F,
n
 ~ yZX D M: {
+
=gzZ t%h ~X w@*
wjt y X D
E y ZX @*  t ~zg: {
X D M: {
{z n
pg p
E
1E" Y
( vg!*
P ~ y , Kg 0*
( X C Hw@*
`
E E C
 g yZ  Zx9 0/Z ) vZ y Z vZ
F
$4m,
mZs M . -ZX ~gz'
Zq ,w@* /
Xsz^~V
E u $.ZX D M g 2
yZ lpgzZ $fgzZ ]gzp e ++'
,~
w@*
s kZ~y X ;e **
E Zz qz :~ Vj z  Zx9X
X g c*
-ZC
q ~ T X 7c*
B; ~ w@*
kZ V ( Y: X
E /~ li ~fzZg yZgzZr
Zw7ZXg # ;
| (,~w@*
Vzg7yfgzZX 1z| m kZ~wjLZ
E 6,iz%ZgzZZN*
7Z v V;zX Y H: ~ Y ~0* y 0*
X
gzZ Zzy{ i y@ Z y{/Zy{ }
~gx **
: { a "7,
z F yZ zz ~g Z [ X D Y M : {
a {z X c* $w@*
wy{/y{ X Zg CgzZ e wj
E pX tu" ~I F, # Z f q
7Z D Z r -Z ~ yZ X M
gx **
{z kZ X 5wk0*
}g Zzy{ i sz^ i kZX g yZ ~ e M Tg~ spkZ X o Ze
sp{ c* $.
$w@*
~%] 5 CZ f ~1X e gzZ H[ C ~
E $QY:X c*
X T 7ghZz: {J -k, 7Z
E"
+
X ~] z 1948h V LZ[zjy{wXg Za~E1Ey{g
X
$Z@Lgy{g { Z_yZX: {
yZgzZvZe
1995 @ g zX L)
L x Hc*
gzZ Zi R } X C
Z 4Z ~ wj~ 7Z X M x?Z g
B}g xZ
XD Y"7,wjgzZTg~: {
(widow Hut)? -Z {#1X g Y f(,~ !*
zezq c*
M : {
/] ZgnygZC
X Dg Z !* +ZX
Dg0

82 81
 $ Z:gzZ
d -[Z r
:J # Zi WX ] 5vZ yZ
gzZ yj
jZ Z6,y yZ X ~g !* -Z ~ V ~g !*
zg q zg F ~ ,
Ac ~~uukZ vt X D c*
W @* ,
Yt eH yZkZ
,
X D Y } gzZ D ] V gzZ D {ki gzZ Vc*
g gzZ
Q X D Y V~+a lla yZ gzZ a  F,Z yj
jZ
-k'
J ,F{zX q
-Z ~ V,ZvZX D Y|4Q c*
@ V
} wg {z V@X @)g fsg V;zQX ;g @* ~ ~ ,
~gz'
-eZQX ;g @*
V; z X Z 4Z ~@whwgzZ Zg F 7 x ~
g:VX g:yn,
z6, $7c 
g gzZf zgz'
[ c*

:
X Zz: {L 4ZgzZ ~(,vZz 12
7Z~gzZ p ~(,vZ =
H: {
B}g {zX
x "7,] ZgzZ YZ g Q gzZ xc X g N !*
$7c  ^ 6gz ~h : {
kZ CY ~ f
{z ~ ] *Z vZ X Z Za Vzgz'
g {' +
z Zz `ZX V [ ~h f T Zzg:yn,
z6,g +
$Y
+
yZgzZ 0 IZgzZ: {
i : { vZ X ~ V *Z V~ YZ VN F~g:kZX V [ C~}g !* 7 yZgzZ
*Z}
,
vZ i ~' ,KZ V X
Z' H Y kZgzZ c*
WIi @*
, V
' q IZgzZ: {
-Z X N Za V: { ~ yZgzZ N '5 ~g
yKZ Vzgz'
WWgzZ xi 5 ~g u ZZ X a hZz6,gx: { b_~ vZ, ZgzZ
yKZ X iz)/E 54X~ Zz x
/ yj
jZ mvZ X
1X ;g 7gzu L "7, vZ X
n
: { pgtzg: *z 5 .G
7kZt LvZ p _7,yZzg
Hc*
yR {z FvZ X
~h c  _^V Va ll
{z @*
X D x QX
7,
~: { z kZgzZ | 7, Vzg Z% Y a  Z kZp{zgzZ D !* .Z !*
7 Z] WkZX
X YZ wj tvZ
g Zg} ~ ZyZa X ZZ(,~gz'
z~ Vzy
IZ vZ t ZiZgzZ Zg _[Z
: { +
~ ,~ l0i4{ Z_VjyjZX pvZa kZ
 [Z bkZX
WvVi Zggzy ~: { sz^~g !* # Zi W }V;z X c*
zg Cg ~ ~ ,uV yZ r W

84 83
; X 1 W, +
Z 0i igzZ: { &E1EE
VrZX
f LE "
vZ zz Z y{ w [zjX W, +
O i5gzZ 0i 5gzZ X
-[ Z ; gzZ
D c*
X
b Zy{wJ -[ Z
y{wJ a {z{zY
D Y G c*
~i  Z+Z w[
kZgX ;g Yk(,m VzIF, zkZ SgzZc Z
g B ^ xsZ/_
k .v F y W y 0*
z X
~(, +
yZX{0 -
ig+Ziz9Z ZJ /V' ZIF,
zkZX | ~ i # y{wX q
r -Z ~ yZ r
# Z+Z wX 
~
gzZ ] c* w= yZ X C p
z L L[ yZX ~: { 7Z W,,
Zk pXDLL~e yZ
i5kZ{g~: {
G
F, yZX 7, yZ ~}g !*
V !* 34$~ y 0*
igzZ V G g (Z6, # +ZwX W | LZ
y  r
=X J 7,x?Zg2q -Z bZX W,Ou" ]: ZI Zy{wyZ Tlpe
$.gzZ]gzpgzZq
-ZX 
_gzZ
_7,g .z? { izg r 3_gzZiz%ZX ~V yQ;Z ;gzZI
# E X W,
O l!* L 3XZgzZ: {
z1i: { {zX YW: {
] X , g w:~X M"7,ZN*
y 0*
X yKZ e
$. @*
,
' $**
S V1 g ZaT
yZ Vzgz' ~ {z
zg ZX _7, t} (,YZ #W ` ZgogzZ kZ *Z'
,Z gP -Z~[ {z $
{zV}uz TX g DX qq +X : *z
+
Ii W/Zg ZuZ ~ w *0 zur
ZX # ;~Vz
X Z Z (,
V Zz: {
[ ZI F,
]Zg X  # {C o X _7, ~
zg Z r y{yPgzZ) yZ m,z} w
D W: {
X D c* # ] V yZ { Z_ Z
Wr yY xX C [p g ( Z6, ) X h
e W, +
Z 0 +]
i bgzZh .kZgzZX
>t /gzZ Z X _7, > ZyZ~ kggzZF,
Z gzZ W,O ZGZ}
hZz : {
.gzZ y{ wgzZ: {
z 7 Z LLgzZ kgX @* xX 'Y S7,
YZ [ NZ Z +
D y 0 zC
i *Z KZ - ` WXg
gzZ W7~p~ yZ J
-Z wD Z)&g g{C
}Bg q 7Z >
X D {zX
D c*
X4: {
Zj: {
kZgzZ D [pZ c*
X D p# **
~ )
ZC +zY L L~ w
h Z g c*
B }g gzZ D W: { r# R } bZ
D z} ZVz Hw } Z L Li W
XD [p Vz Hw yZz!*
9J (,X I yZ '!*
VgzZ V2z}g X Tg
-Z ;hZ hZ [ ZzgZX 7,wz**
zoq
g ~: { kZ gzZ D_ t [ ZI F,
z Df : { X yZ
{)z gm,
g ~w 'Zg y B~g hz:e yxj%g Zg}gzZ zgzZ z}g x 
X D6,Zz KZ
E"
VX [
DY ZX H cg : { 7 xtX {)z E1Ey{g X zg~g gzZ D W: { pgzZ )
E" E 5_
-F
Xg ;: ZIF,
KZ CpbkZX D:Zz| 7,
X 5gzZ E1E vnZ ~hg !*
; ~ yZX D W: { gzZ AEZzz

86 85
yj
_y{[- Z [ Zzy{QX B= ZG Z}
.gzZ y{w spX z{ c*
: {
i ~ e WX [p el
yj
V;zgzZX g Z jZBVy_v F W, -
O q I F,
X [px ZZ x4,
/: c*
 X C p O
4c*
g x 6, W /kZyZyZX ~Vzg7 Zyj
y{Qd _ X*
@Y H c* @Y { Z~ o V- V' Z
gzZX *
g ~ {~ x **
+/FgzZ X
$ HHg
/7Z X wi **
[ Z [ ZI F,
{ ] v D YX H Za : { ~ V Z
E
$U*
V6 ~ e WgzZg u/{zX " yZ ,j !* Z1X
gzZg z !* # lgX C ~ T
/Z E- r yZ e x 
: ZizgX
yZ~X Z W,O yZ kZ~Xg 2~
~ V Zz: { X @*
w! ngzZ ' '5 VAgzZ V.g (}g gzZ Zg
$
' yZX D Yd ezgy{x[ !*
g Zy8ZzyyZ ZX Zz VC X Za p~ VnC
Zz: { V Zz: {
$U*
X '" ) !*
x ]z
aV Zz: { e p~yZgzZ Dc
Xf
X 4z ~(,y{Q XD{ Z_Z r
# ~g Z[ X /Zz \gzN* k0*
zx
aZz T y Z e
yZgzZpZgzZ W, y{x9Lgy{Q
O: { .gzZ y{wX gzN*
# ZGZ}
yZX 4z yZ r a Zz!g CZ {z
,q
o[ vg ) -Z~ VB[ Z _X D Y gzZ D WyZ v Pzq 7ZX Z }uzgzZ Joex**
-ZX ~]~: { # q
r -Z~
E
iZc - o Zzh
D W: { i~ I! Z {zE
e p { c* HH7xgZh
[p yZgzZ [pByZ X +' V W7Z
zz p~
p : { (] Z|y_gzZ FbZX -_~gzZvZX 1{'
X c[py{wX q
~ e WkZgzZg uBB x4, [Z bkZX D W Za
: { $
yLZ d LLgzZ D Wk0*
: { -Z] Zg
}g Z yZ q
p { c* [ZX c*
i ~g ZV ZzgkZgzZ: { -yj
h q _ X p ~(, q
-I F, .gzZ~X D ? 3
yZX D Y ZGZ}
X Y~g gzZ X Zgx ** pgm yZ0
yZX n +{ *zy Z6,q
-Z !*
W~ y {z
?y{wX x !Z VZ 6
m, /[Z
gzZ Z : i V I F, -/ yZgzZ 4{z ~
g{z V;z X g 4z J
~~~ V-u 7
y
zgzZN Wy{g a X g x **
gzZ g7gz' [- Z E# Z {z ~ X g {Z_ ~ (
LE
X Ht~ hZ m,
?X Y`k0*
yZX
g +Zgp6,
X i
Vzgz'
X ay
7  ^g ~eZ wZ V yQ1
~: { yZ  Z]gzpgzZ/q
/Zz : { -Z~z Z Z
+g Zz ~gzZ Zge i Z6,z q
}g - i -ZX gz$
q  Z y{[-Z [ ,(gy{QX  Z y{QyZ t X
z }g x Z & X 3
g izg [ Z X H {g1 Zx W @{z k0* -Z~ Lg ~!izgq
X Z sg ~ y fh Wq -Z yZX
rg Z0
+
i

88 87
 &
yZX D c*
x ** 5.A m,
E yZ X Zg O Zxj% {zX # ZG Z}
VzZ e g- V;z~ whugzZ r .X Wa
E"
E1E
ZyY qgzZy{g izgC /': 9
{zX D{g Z C {z kZX H qz J 7,_ _ Za yTyY{hZ yZX
~ gzZ D g Z *c {zX }~ yZ y{wgzZ~X D Wy {z X9zg 30 : ; X H qz *
* J 7,~ m, -Z ~X D
Zy{q
tu Z (,g Zc k0*
ZX g Dx t izg FX @*
7Z X gweyYR }{zX : J -w VgzZ yLZX @*
: {
E 5_
A-EF
+Zg z !*
c ~ i Z0 gzZ y!* $.{zX .
i& e gzZ ~ DkZ LZ {z V-u =X D Z+ Kzg ZB {zCWxn Z Vy{g
,
~~k
~ 6x t,zX gZyZ=X D g Z ZX 7c*
ga Y {z 7 c*
~}g !* .[ ZX B
ZG Z}
Z c*
v1X ;g g Z gzZ y!*
i V FX ; g/ Hf hg@~x c*
Z~gzZ ~g Yy{wgzZ~ c*
~x B Z W7
X : =~x kSB  r # y{g V;z X {gvZ gzZ ZG Z} X
.~: {
E"
{ c* oc  ~
i gzZ H bkZtu { YZ ~ V;zE1E
X yZx OZ ZyY qXgByZ
i 5X g !*
# +
Zz 0i ~ ;g kC[ Z=X ;gkCp +
X 0ix Zg WgzZ **

3 YZXg~}'
X H YZhg -ZXyg c*
gzZy{g q +
0ia}yPu
* ~~~ wz kZ X g}g7 wz [Z: { y{g xZ r}V { c*
i kZ ~iZygzZVzm,
yZ
EE{ !
43 gzZ V' ZI F,
fX c*
EG +
gzZgP gX _w$ }gzZ]Zf ~mDkZX Z D~* ~gzZ6f ~{zH
*c  [ ZX c*
~ +
Zz 0i ,gzZ [ ZX c*
Wz # y{g X
X g {gV;z/gzZgZa~% r
c c* ZX g W~K btu y!* i KZgzZ Z z wg#
. Zg7fZ ~gu{zW,
} ,
Zki q
-: {
y G454Xy%g Zrgz ! eX gzZ ~~{ W Vz[ Z
5E
G ,zXgw=~VzzSgzZkZ {zXggZ /
/y!*
kZ 5 VZ i c  g Z [ {)z {)z a !*
i x x Z L j8NLZ
i5V zz tZ E
g lp yZvgyZgz#
,izg ~ gzZ ] ~~}g !*
iz' y!*
i c  X c*
W gzZ Z #
i5y{wX ;gwq y{wX gnZg** 6,
y Z
gzZy!*
ikZ1 ;gw1c y!*
i a ~ ]!*
X ;g Y @*
Z # r
i5 Z
~ hg# # y{g X [ Wf T~ hg
+
yZ0i~X 5 *Z YZ Z= [ZX ;g **
z AZz **
g kZ Xx c* W~gZagzZ#
Z ~y i5yZtgzZgZa
$.gzZZy!*
e
X *Z. /
ic  ZX V;gg Z ] ~ V  yZ Z (,
{z V Z F yZB}
: p p Z= }V X ;g q~gzZ ;g @*
y g Z c  Z [ Z oc a} +Z q
: Z6 -Z {z H VrZ

90 89
@*
Y Hg:~ kZaV gzZX @*
Y c*
Z c*
C ZX (Z%X 7 yZ D W
7 ~ p p Z 7Z @*
$.,g Z- X c*
X KggzZ K e WWzX bT{z TX
` gzZ D W7~ wEZ ` Wp Z FYX CW
Qt Vzg ZNa gzZ 3
/%6,Vzg Z- ~ s ZZ x g Z y{g X k0* e
y{g gzZ y{ wX D = f
E"
$Y [f.
+ !*
DX F, HHx OZ
gzZ
sC +
X
0g 9,gzZ
s1c {zX m1c z Z (, FE1E e
Y f
+%gzZ c*
q y zg t W{ qzh C e 7Z ZX yk ;g
BgzZ s1 3!* ,gzZ c  yzf vF}g7 Z
i Vz Z'
Zg KZh
7 c* +% ( e ._ y*Z ) e& ep y{wX bVw}g
X DKgzZ f
X B yY q ,k
,x yZ X c* C
C { ;g qZ Se g Z c  oY X c* /
x Zz6, e izg q
-Z
# Y q Z~ Vzk
} {" {zYr
g} x Z Z , gzZ (g e J : ~
x kZgzZ @* +
Wf kZgzZVz0 6~
ge ?
$;z hZ gzZ D Z Lgsg {" V yQgzZ N*
XV g{"X HHy~wj }iukZ]uZzx
X
E"
-gzgz ;M
! Xg y Vzh N J h! p/{g
/g Ze gzZkZ @*
Hx Z }" !*$ Zgi Z E1E
ZyY q
H~g Z c  X]g @*g e J egz
Zi R e ~g e J e # Y q : Zzg X N Y ,k
}g y{g r ,]Zg kZ
+
X HyCZ0gyZ [fX ~gzZ ( 7Z a  Z y{w) y{w Z *Z
3.t#gzZ Vx
ge J e X C ZZ V G Wypg  +
z0g g e J e g 0*
] ZgZ6,g} wg6,A } hgzZ +
$Y
#zz Z ** +
Vz0 +
ZggzZ0
g ~ hz Vzh ~g  g y %g ~ c  X c* z kZgzZ c*
C C ]Zggze Z
._TX ~ 7,
!$v WyZ ~g 
%fVzZ ~C C z6,Vz0
Z e +gkZ~ VF, 6~
yg Z gzZX
?
X c*
X W~{ CeC +
uVz0g k Q ) Vc* $. 4Z D{ i Zzg ZkZX
e
c*
w[ !* -Z g @*
Zq o Zc*
a  ~ ~ a} -Z WzgzZ e
~X k ; g: q $.sg0
+ZB !* z
kZX (
-~ LZ~ TX
X ; g7 ~%ZX V Y~,~}g !* `g U*
yDxkZ 7C W
Zg Zz ~ kZ ] ZgZ6,Z
# z D F,
Z -[ ZgzZ [ eXzz C!*
J .h
_+ Z W,
O kZ
FgzZ Z~ { n}uz q
-Z ~g  +
gzZ0 # c*
gZ C ZX W Zg c* # X CWVc*
) Z ~ yZ e Zg Z
B kZ
kZX H_C~ k
-Z~ e
~q $KZ e ` ( zZ gZ Hy Z& ( g:
kZgzZ kZ 6,
,Y ] mkZgzZ0
1{ ^ + M Z
ge~gzZ ~ O M Z V-g 
{ c* CkZnpX z%gzZ w{zX kK Ui Z0
i z +Z zZ

92 91
 "(,
WgzZ 6,gzZ w$
++M kZX c*
0* +
wJ&gzZgz$)Z
+
OX e { Vz0 $ eX V
g kZgzZ kZgzZ 1,
X H cg yM {Z

1995~ZX@ g zX L)
L x

13
6*gzZe t
ZZjgZ *c ?
-ZX Z H x CZ ~X ~gzZ * KZ :ZzX
~nq
H?x LZQq
X -ZC
gzZ H Z Zt] ZX gZ *yZ
z kZX V C LQMg~}g!*
s ?6gzZ ~
c *
6h
t ?+ X c*
W` @*
~gzZg!* 6 nZ
~?
g ~ uwC
/
kZgzZe 6,zX qze
gZ? $Zzgt
Y: X e
$Zzg *
%5gzZ
c*
ggU*
WZ6,
wgZD +
FgzVz0g
/$X qz V Ft C
| gzZ ] ~ }igzZ
$=zh d
F d $=|
/ Hc*
$ CtgzZ Z5gU*
W
$
d Hc*
kZX C **
Z6,wgZD $=|
d /$V- X d
$= Z6,wgZD

tZ ZXg x **
z Z5r ~g c*
Z6, -Z
gzZq

94 93
 E"
:6,1 kZX E1E ,x
5 s Z ` Z% ~ '
gZ' /
~~\z -ZVzMO Zc} aZa [ X Z
, Zq
-Z Zz kZ kZ X {z XF: ~ e
c ~ s q $gzZ gZu W~ Z xV;z X
lgU* Hc*
Y a Z 

~p ZkZ m1 y!* ,
igZu bkZX Hy ~zgZgzZ S4 Z' ,
gZg xdxkZgzZ sz^~x zp{Z'
uIZ
X H~zgZ {zc*
[Z j[ZkZgzZp ZY Y} ZgzZ ~ Zz bZX g Dy ]gzZ 6,~ ~h KZp{z X
Vzg Zu g !W kZgzZ # ,~ lZ 0*
~ ' x} (, kZ z kZ ~ Z5]!VJ!I ~Z ~ yZ(M
VrZ X g sz^
g +yg Z'
z kZ|4~mz /x {zX Hg$ 5~ # +KZ
Z0 $=zh gzZ
Z6, gU*
d WV;z c*
C W~ O Zc
X
zgzZ Z]
zg Z' /y{) !*
5X ;g~( | W +'
h H~KZD X ;gY`ngzZJ
-[ZX
Z6, F
wgZD
p lpt X Z 7x 6,Zz ]g @*
kZ k\Z -V#
X J $= KZgzZX Z
Zd
Vzg Zug ~g Y e
$Zzg #
~ ',J-w F W y 0* X X g Z
C ,J
' -[ Ze $ZzgkZgzZ?
$ZzgtX qz e 6]!*
f kZVzg Zu Y }[ ZX e
$Zzg i Z G7E7ZgzZg!*
ga Hc*
x **6 Z [ Z X g W CwEZa LZZ #
?
e t6,gV~gzZ x **
$Zzg ]g @* GL0E4Xq
-z? 6[ ZX B] Zg {z ~x c* Z ,ZgzZX HwEZa LZZ ` Z% m, ZX
Y
X !* w3, g ~ IZ E &^ Vzg Zu a  ~T c*
W7Zz ]g@*
Y
( gzZ Zzpg ] b b y x ~ x c*
Z yZ x kZVzg ZugzZ [ Z a gzZP gzZg Zu yZzZu~ TX Z[E&
$ Z X D Y V ZggzZ g Vkg 0*
d
V v nngzZgZ x **
wzZjg Zu~g @* -Z~yZX
a  @Waq Hc*
a
~kZx Zk0* 6X D Vzi !*
k WgzZ? {HgzZVd**
X D W ,X Hg Zy 
~ ' ,
Y Z%?f kZ{ Z'uF~%{z
D YY
6X Dg Z ]KZ k~ Vz6 gzZ D
~? lzy
l B Ly{[ Z J
gzZ k -V ]uZz x ~}g !*
y ` Z%
X @*
V ~x c*
ZyZ y_bZX Z hg !* ,
a}g kkZgzZ] uZz6,] !
Zu]g@* ggzZ W? 6V yZg gzZ Zg( a ,t GZZzZ h Z V
KZ kz' $ Z e y{y~ g Zu@W
E Y
y{ Ey{; yY ;o lg*Z zZpZoX}~ Zz E &1X Hy ,~ The Forward Policy [ g
{Z_ *Z{ ZP=g LZ y@X V ~ h
g7 ~C + y{/ -Z'Zz kZX 7f }~ Vzk
 @W a  x }uz q , ,
gz ~ '
X ~ -p~ ~
vB/BgZ yZ Va gzZ HvJ KZ

E"
gzZ E1Ey{ g y{wy{izgq
-Z c*
= TgzZ7q]P]P~%j[Zb@WatX H

96 95
 E"
# ] Zg q
_ZuZ -Z c*
= X x* aX W~ykE1E
kZ('!* y{ZyY qaY
g0*
k QuvC DZ Zu Y VyZgzZ j
!* z kZa
yk Z yY q nv ~ e WgzZ V (
Xvy 7 * +eX 6,}i Y
c t ]Zg 0 ~yZyw!*
[ Z= X a c v~g U*
WZ6,gzZ q
-Zh
+ ] Zgk0*
,j_X 7 c*
8I C!KZ) = y{w; }g c*
!* # lgh
= 1X V r + X y{ Z_ y{ 7 c*

q~ w}X gw1zX Z e6,V+^eq
-ZgzZ~ q~ >cX y{g gzZ~ Zy{w%ZX 7
# X l@!
r X Y H qz bV
/u ( L L o vyZgzZ *{ ZPgzZ y{zyZ y{/y{V yZX ~}g !*
/
)= X xu~ o}g M%ZX } 7, < a > I :gzZzZ:X ~~lZ 0*
)l]z {)zuZ ZG
X c* ( r
Z'X Y1O # ~ w}6,Vz z ZgzZ Kg 0*
DX wd Kg 0*
D] !
y{ wgzZ ~ X :Zz@ {g gzZ izg Y: kZ ,j_h
~ > w Ng yZgzZ) + gzZ y{ X ~0*
Y ^KZ :ZzyZgzZ ~ #
** -
i5J z kZ y{g Y X Z .a ( LZg (Z q
# X Y qz4z]
g
vZ ZGZ} *
. V: { c t %Z X @ 7 *
c t = X +
X 7{Z
X A }g  _~ /
>y{wX qzcx /~y{gzZ Zy{w

yj6, ( Wido Hut) I: { z ]ZgX ~u -[ Z ~g ,zX s m,
y{1X 7 Z ( J ?q~
v W~ kZ X mZ ~ t {iZzg X g kC{ xZgWgzZ H~ # ^
z^wa A : ~h a ~gZ WZ
.x cgz!*
t ZGZ} - ~ r
X ;g < - X g z { Wce wa gy{w ?{Z
= 'XN YVw2y +
6,
ugWs Wy z ]gzpgzZ g Z zZ mZ X g } xZ X c*
-Z BX D ~ ZiW~B; kZX gk
q ,3g ( Joan of Arc) } } >~Kq
-Z ~ +
$Y Zux 

Hc*
X 3 ( Dante) Z ,
g~ '~kZ ]gzpgzZ3ggzZ HHgH
V;z O z *Pz X ;g yZ kZX **
x *
" ( Beatrice)/8KZ Z96,> -Z6,
q zZ( Taber)E2H
.G" c*
g {z Aq
~ -Zt K)
,j_4P qz*X
k0* -Z kZgzZW{i q
Z q -Z k0*
uvX # c*
555 ~B; gzZ X g X 8 I C! r = X g Wg Z
$.1X
"e Hc* -Z [~B; X gg
3 wY q / A 9 ~X } F,
A e
D
Z $.{zX f
$r
/
(ZgzZX ggbz%skZgzZA a Z Z gzZ Hgr yZX[ s
X W~*

98 97
 +
X H Za t&e ;Le* $YKZ/8KZgzZ;g ;
*z+ 0tZyiZq Z ;g
$.q
e -Z= ( 7 Hf kZ Y: ) y{ / Z F, u { y**
W
~a"7,( The Popular Poetry of the Baloches) [ [c*
** , 0 1 c*
' W
[ kZX ;@* -( Orientalist) tg[ t X
@eBgz8 .gzZ B; y{ w VY: " e
ZGZ} $.t
-Z bZg ~~ Y 1907 [ t X 7D= kZ~}g !*
S Zz*
a=gzZ ]gzpgzZ 6,: { ,
Vzk
yZ
F,
~ ~ m,
Z g Zc  ~X ,z kZX 
s B gk
gs ,t X VZm, ,
zWk -Z6,
gzZq $YgzZq
zZmZ + -ZX Hx Z
g ZyZ @e~~uzX !: Z**
6,~
~c gzZ H @e $f Z~~w KZgDxiZ ~i**
~ {e A: X n
n A:
x g- v 6,c gzZ V' ZgzZ Z a  X H;@*Text Q~ zg " egg^LZ Z9d
{z kZ W{z $ +
VZ0iizg
igzZegX wV"gzZ e
cgzZ ky!* $.x t @e~ { V Zz ~ @*
TX Z H/** A: ~TY {i6,
izg CZn
x 6,c CZ@e M !*
:Z si kc g**
Zz x 6, X J 7, -Z
~]g~[q F,
ML L~: {
gKZ *~ wq~ ~zc ZgzZ W,
O @egzZ c*
sWa gzZX c*
~" /x
W Kzgx / lZ vZ
An Anthology of Classical And Modern [
 Zz  +Z i Z vZgzZ ZGZ}
X Viz0 .

M !*
:Z {e{eBkZX g x **
Balohchi Literature ]Z W,
@*
LZ0 ] 6LZ y{wgzZ ~~
)?
[ c*
** ,[ t @e X 
V' #
( ) ~ux kZ r X c*
C~}g !* ,j_y{y{g
WgzZ]5)
[ Zc  VrZ O Z c  } yZgzr
@ # a ZaX oc   i **
~ 6,wtu Z LZ { c* =
i
Dx 6,c  {zgzZ~ ~k
,$ yZ [ a Zg7 ZpkZ gt VZ
X HJ / Z~~]g
z
The Popular Poetry of The [ @e { .Z [ kZ -Z Zc*
gzZ q 6~ & ~
? o c  ~ Z
{g !*
X H  z Baloches Zx Zux kZ~izgPX H qz *
*v+u 0*
~n
z D!*
CW7 i }uz g Z H c*
] )KZ ~ HT
y ZX eg a3y{ zx HLZ~
c gzZ
= 7x kZkZgzZ[ @e H qz ** +Z x @eX
{i Z0 # X | 7,yZ ~g Z F~
ntgzZ lpu" r
X x{ c*
i *yZ ~X  a~ 8 ~
yZ 8 t ~ *KZ
yY x Z ~ } #y{
]5 { C ogzZ Z ~ ZgzZ
c ~x kZyQ X 1| 7, Y: {

100 99
 + Z
[ Z c  XgZh gzZy{ yZ- Zz y!*
ic a C
# {C o X { c*
gzZ b s[ Z c  r p ~g
i C
{ C ogzZy{X @*
w! n~}g !*
[ Zzg ZI F,
~ [ Z
yYxX { YZ_~}g!*
Za Z [ Zzg ZI F, #
r
pg p [ Z {zgzZX &{hZzg Z yZ 7,~ ;gE- |
n /
~ g Z ~
zgZ yZ X F zg ZgzZ c  yZ y{ X
V 4ZX D lp }gg Zu} ` Zg L L SX W,
OgzZ hZ
$.q
}yZ lpgzZ ]gzp e -Z ~ } # ZzBy{
6,e
$.{z X 4z
yZ X D Wk0*
r# Z {z X
14 ,c*
}YZ V' AZz, Z yZM yZ gzZ ,
@*
N*
N* +
gh yZX wD Z x **
{zX 4z ~ yZX
Z $ w*wt X
+gzZ Z p C H qzw * 1952 +Z V Zz ygzZc 7ZX W !*
W X Dg !*
zg
cZ x **
y zZ L L)x ~ g @* ic  w*X 
[ Z c  y!* X {gya {z
$ Z g**
[ g Y gzZ d y!* ,
i c k kZ X Z qz**
 #
D VrZ X ] } }g r
X H  -Z y!*
{q # ~z0
ic VrZr +**
{ izg VrZ X Zz yZ r
# a kZ X ZZ {i @* +
0 i
$U*
y{X Z" [ Zc w Y 1952p
Z ~g@* p{z1 1 r# Zi WZ
' $ e g Z kZX H qz : i
,[ cG
-!*
X 3g 8 L L VrZx **
[ X c* $ xc CZy
a" s !*
# X H Zjr
yr # wD Z g ZX v !*
W
#
r '
,X i Z
'
,[ lpg~@ $
z kZ " .yZ ~ zF,
] }
tX
g. [ Z z y!*
i c X H Za x **
Z (,~
sZ 6,zg Zg@y ZX D"
$ y Z ~]g)**
X ;g izg ` W: i {izg8
-!*
8 # - Y qxj% 6,
Xr X @* 6,
 /
X N qzVxu: 5~g BB [ Z bkZ
~(,~[ kZ ~X 
s yZ- [ Zz y!*
ic L L[ tgzZ X c* Wd
={z $ Z "
$
y{
# z
kZ1X Bzg 2 7 [ X Za | ZgzZ p 1995mX@ g zX L)
L x

102 101
X nZg ** ,6,e #
Zzy{w bZX N' i 5 ~ X Z 7,
*
*jZ6,e
$Z@y{g6y
WX : Zzh
+y6,7
~g Za IyZX VrZ
gzZ Hx izgP W: { } (,
~ y{  y!* -!*
i c  8
'wY gzZ ] lwDXV'
,] 5x }g hg )
~ Z [ kZX [ [ ZgzZ ~ c {z
E
/Yg ` gzZq
ZX ;g + -Z~ V~f}g 1X ~ w LZ {z ~ a yj jZgzZ yZk
,Z V\ F[ X 4 Z (, : {
L L L
.X x **
` q Zg wj ,Z ZGZ} ~ V@KZ {z ` WX yZ bkZ X I~
HHzs[ Zc VaCc*
,z p VrZ yigzZX }i:gzZgi: 6 ~gmz6,{zX z$
+ kZ VrZ
5% [ kZ d
$ Z a  jZ gzZ Zk
,ZF
D:aVyZgzZyZX
tg e'
, -[ ZgzZ Z H Zi W/x
J X
d
$ Zg c  [ Z F ~ yZ X H qz 7,r~ c 
{z zz gzZ lp{ c* {z p kZX ] l: b)
i $ Z Z
Z[ [gzZ d / **
[ Z c gzZ *Zg ;gE- . g**
,
'
X
ngg Z /Z ~gzZ Cc*
# -xy
KZJ W c  F~ yj
y{gzZ
~  jZ r ( X
wZ AXF
# wZ AXF (

x
D~: { z Z ~g Z gzZ { C o Z
x +]
a h .{z kZ X H 
7ZW Z F,_ ~
) Zi WgzZ
X k0*
y{@* eg ~X : I **
YT /
gZ zgzZ}7ZX 6,zF,
V !* ,
iv {z ga ~ yZk [ NZ g Z Z
ZX H 
X @*
Z -!*
) S8 QX @*
Y6,x ~ yZ L gL ZQ : gLZ V' Z F @*
X Z ~g g Nx t V;z Z g ~0*
x {z Ng ( yZgzZy{ ~ T
Z { C ogzZ Z eg ]&KZ b
X

$
eg d
x ~ T y{ Z D W@) # X X V;z
,j_Z g Zy{ V Z Cc*
h+]
.X Z { c*
i W, -!*
Z 8
g~Kg 0* z9gzZ D
Lpa{zX D{ .Z yZ +]
Zch . ~
y{X c gzZ J 7, tz tzf
X ZyZ V Zz: {
: { akZmZ VzIF,yZgzZ /
KZ ~! V(Z VuV!* X H W,O
kZgzZ: {
eg 1!*
T ZXBw CZ 7Z Zz
lgX D W: { gzZ c*
: { } Z~ y{g g Zuy
s !*
X H qz *
*zs
@ m1!* gzZ
lg ` ~ t X C ] 5: Zizg~: { hg#
{zgzZ
g~: { Z'
i 5 yZ e: ,h+'
y ZX W
/Z [ Z X ;g V5Z6,
{z1B V~ yLZ Tg {zp y W b Z Vi 5 OZ bkZgzZ ~gu V yZX
g ~ #
i5
XB!* pgzZ V4Z
: { ~ c* +
= X hZzgux Z0igzZJ e Y : ] !*
# y{
yr ax Y ~I_~] Zgq
-Z c*
= ,LZ ~(,
a ( gzZ Y  x ZLZ V Zz ygzZ Vg )
.~ ;Zz~ r !*
X ~g Z ZGZ} }aZ q
-Z yZ ~ {n CZ ~X Ht~}g!*
x a>Vhg#
i5

104 103
 !*
LZ V;z gzZ Lg ~ LZC
:{ z 9 y{ w | 7,wF x Z g VrZ X 1u ~SZ Zg
**
.gzZ~
ZGZ} $.kZ Vh
zkZ1X ;g ; igzZ ~g e h 7S
XM -(q
-Z 0*
[ jY g: !*
kZX H qz
~
~ e WsVzg e}g ZX ~: { /%y @ gzZ bZX H qz_ ,g !*
1XgLc ZL
-Z%Zy
}izg q WX BJ
-#
!*
^g7g ~g gzZ g sz^ X ;g0gzZuwW}g X g W_k
[ ZI F, ,i ,q
X c* .gzZ
WZz @ea ZG Z} V KZ gzZ x 4z yKZ ~'
, ,Y X c*
Z' +8 V~f }g
w$
+ZX~ e ~> Vz
X Y Y7 H { i Z0 V KZx X { k
H~ { ~g * Z~ V6,Vz
*i q C#gzZ I 4z
~ { g ugzZ ( ~g gzZ '}v P t ~ e Vz }g 9 x Z GZ]c* gzZ 'YZy!*
ZzggzZ[ Z Z
i <
$
~ ~g d kZ X ~ }g !*
: { /
V +I**
u {h tzg V bZX xia}g * /
* kZgzZ oD X ia
C
X Y H a Zz {!*
Vgizg" P Zzg~ zz : { ,: 5 ] gzZ] Z NZ}g 
XKZ' Hw$
+~}g !*
}g
X a C~~ e W{z5g izg z CZ gzZ
X { ] {zB
y.6,gu V
/u ~g lp kZ gu +
` X g Y D ZzW}g Cg Cg 0i
X !{ c* /
igzZ ~ Vu {%izg LZ X tw( ~g gzZ ,
x]; z ~' ,**
Z' b]43!*
Y X
D 0* +G <
i Z Z
vgzZXn  ~VyZ]!*
pg p gzZ: { '~g 6,g~ c*X HwJxci b)x yZ `  V~f X '
X _ZIF,
gzZgzZ H qz**
Y** p {c*
W: { iVZ X _}g t X
ZHimg zz kZgzZ [ ZI F,
}Z {z V yZX y - [ !* $7Zc  d
g Z Z e~ f $
}g $z zz kZ X ~ ~ wJtkZ _
gzZ 2- e
Z {zX yTyY ZGZ}
: { .yZX _7,~ pz~6,+Z X qVr(gzZ }uz
gzZ (a}g : {
kZ y ~ /e g bkZX h e p kZgzZD c* W ~ VgzZ V9 yZ ~ y }g X Hx {
M F,~
Y
FC vZ y Z V;z X D c* Z V;z uZz J
W: { -
z **
c*
gx ( v {zgzZ yZ+ (zz kZ X t : {
# X h
Z e p V yZ {z [ ZI F,SgzZ [ Z ( X zsV!*
pg p {z T e
kZgzZ: {
~ m,
Zzg Z k ; ~g Z Z qz ^g ~eZwZ L L ~ y c*
-Z: {
tq V! Z {zV Zz
X Hz: {
C Y
/
vZ y Z X Z
F z6,Zg }g  N gy.6, zzT;g sKZV b
~ e WkZgzZ#
xX Dg ~ V9g!*
yZ Z $.
gzZ {$f e X ;gZ~ .6,kZ yZiz' gzZ
,izg: {

106 105
 -ZgzZ[- Z/~g Z )vZy Z~X c 
` gzZq ^Cg VA yZ(gzZ a  m<!* C9 zz yZX ]: Zg Z' ,
~ . ^kZ c Z C ya ' yY:
gZ ! Zc  yZ- ZE
X c* E.cL LVrZx ** -Z
T~ ^! Zq
Y
zz vZ y ZgzZ ) vZ y Z ~g Z X a
: { FC x ** -[Z ~ y}g7 kZgzZ ;g ~ J
ZJ -t
-k
xi X g J
~ { Z_ Z , C Zz yZ d $ ZgzZ g**
gzZ Z c  bkZ X ;g*u V /u! Z
Y Y
X ''5e:gzZ @*
c*
Y9; F
C vZ Zi W&  * F
C vZ y Z pX Za V@
X Cyq
: { -Z V'
,~g Zi !*
1{ ezgg hZ
)vZy Z~%y{]g
X FgzZ Zi%y{C
g !*
-Z /5 g Z0
q + X D Y ~ y kZ ZGZ}
.gzZ ~ Z
z D :Zz | 7,X D Y a "7, gzZ D WZ D
**
[ x ** .{z X y_
yZ X ~ Vzg AZzgzZ V2z Z GZ} { c* ~ yZX D WDy_ bZX D YgzZQgzZ D:Zz
i
{z Z kZ X 
LZgzZ D W: { # yg @*
_ {z X r Z 
{z X  Z y{ x9  Z y{Q{z hZz : {
Te * )
* ) S yZ Zz"
ZgzZ $ yZ X D 3 r
# ZGZ}
.g Z zqZ~zzy{wgzZzzyZXDg!*
gzZ$f
-Z yZX 
8g y{/y{ ~ kZ q i Z { z X -Z~ yZ7 c*
lp gzZ}g \ q [ Zx **
XgzZ FgzZ y{{ Z
-Z y{/y{[ X Wg L L yZ kZX S7,~ w4Z L L{ izg
%q WBy{x9
X D c* /gyZ
# yg @*
~ X t r ~ pkZX p=@ ;g T 0*
X Z k\Z ] z ~g F/ g
b ~H: ix **
+{ Z_VvgzZ)
$ ,j_r
# yg @* X ( utu) OZzZgi L L x ** T ~[ ~ _~ y{x9
E
,{zX + wzggzZZ Wz e
gR' $.r
# yg @*
X 58 L L x **
p ) Zz F T ~ [ ~ _ zq Z bkZ
FX 7,BZ'z g @*
ygzZ,X Z rg -eY VztX ( ~g (Z
X 
# yg @* Z xi 5 c *Z ~ yeY ~ Z
eY r # w ZvZ ]g LgyZgzZ )vZ y Z
vZ y ZX D W: {
,xj%e ZzeYX gHx Zg$~Ky
W*B' vZ ]gX KF,
YZgP X Hx { YZ ~ [ Z c 
# yg @*
D7I r Z
vIqX D] yZ {  y ZpXK YZggzZiZPc y{C XK3 F,~c 
Y
# yg @*
i 5~ yeY r
]z yZgz # X 5 cu L7ZgzZ ) vZ y Z X @*
g ~ Vz gzZ Vzg L 0*
} (, c  vZ
FC
X!*
{zX 0* ~g Z
/gzZ V2zgzZ FB VrZX R
4z yZ X D c*
W: { z gzZ q
-Z x **
kZ ~ c Z X He: _e ~ C { Z_ [-Z

108 107
 EY

FgzZ W: { z yZ gzZ N e$.gzZ q
-Z r
# ZGZ}
. X E1 m yZgzZ x ** # ZG Z}
yZ X r .
E{!
yIh + W x **
X{ yZX myZXg~: { izg iZc bZX W, -yj
O q _{zX yKZpgzZ { e
$.
{z 7 *
sg: { c t[ ZXyZ x 6,gzZ l6,e
$.{zX myZ /
! Z _{zX ~V.g x -yj
uq _{zX-  Z
~ vg ) c*
, yZ X g ~ : { ` Y # gZ}
y ZX r .7 r
# gzZq
-Z bZX f
e p ~ I
+
{g~ {zX ~
z gzZ 0i Z yZX g Dg !*
zg gzZ 4z{hZ
pgp: {
Xn
/
gzZ % Kg 0* +Z V X W,
+& /
O Vu Kg 0* +Z
+& yPgzZ ) y{ w ) w}
~h ZzE@* ~zg Z c*
 )
ZZ ~ ikZYX y Z Z ) y {
( Z6,y{w gzZ X D Y D W: {
X @* +Z
?kZgi /
gzZ g xu z Z Kg 0* # X
(g yy{Z
E { !
PLZ {zOX W, -yj
O q W Wy
_{  gzZ w VrZ ~ V+F,
$
d y{/Zy{gzZg Z {
.7 { Z_yZX g
gzZgZ} /~g 0*
uu{ Z_V2z .gzZ l } (,z Z~ e I
z kZX H/_
kZ~ egzZ w
/
/~X b V X g # gx~{zy{~Vzg7 Z
py{w r
8 Iw6,ugzZ k~ k]g5Z X + Z6,{z X }Y kZX g gzZ F{z Zy{; g Zu !*
y{D )
Z X @* # y{/y{V yZX C g5
Z k] r Z;g yZX D YYy{T
eg Zy{w gzZa
g Z [Z xj% Zg Z6,q
-Zz ZX ghZz z gzZ W,O : {
{z X
yKZ 4 e
$.X C~: {
,
y{ {z X zg { kiz yj yj
_ V;z gzZ g Z jZ y{yPByZX ZhgW,Z Z6,yZ 0
hZz: { +i : {
Xy{/Z W, D YwZ
OZ {zX Dg e6,V ZzgyZgzZ: { # O
x ** Q kZ { 
z X g;g Z x ** -Z y{ yP gzZ ~ ) V LZ ~
kZ gzZ g:q
[ZX 0*
] z VrZ ~ gzZ xz} yi Z 6f ~ g Y 1952 X 3gg: ( x ** $gggzZ ]g @*
r e -Z V ) y@*
q L L
/ } (, z kZ g Z
yZ] z Zz yZ : [ Z /
X ,g Z Vx
~: { /x
kZX [ Zg Z ] zyZX [ Z\LZ y{ # %q
] Zg- iP B LZ W wZ -Z
/~ 4 /x VrZ
ZzgzZ ] z X ~g Z /
tayZg L LgzZ
gzZV~akZg ez yZd : {
yj
jZ : [ Z
z kZ g Z[ ZV 4Z X _g Zz ZGY # z Yg Zi !*
X ~ggzZ H| ZZX V c*

110 109
 /
@ 7ZX Kg gzZ Wy :Zz D y*zy
*Z{ ZPy 0* HHv
x {zX{uZ Z~X
/~ ]z y{
}{z X g ^ Zww] gzZ g
z Y
sZV` {gSky{g gzZy{w}X
/x **
[ g ( Z yuZ ZX g 0*
~gz?
*Z{ ZPbkZX ( {zzz yZX m,
+Z
/
@~X g6,W:Zz { Z_4Z~gzZ g 0*
uu{ Z_
z}gzZzq
} -ZyZ Z}
z kZX *
@Y ] 5 yZ Z

X [ ZyyZ~X : 6,wq Z
x
15 $
y{Zd y{ wg x RgzZ q
: { -ZuZ Z
z kZ Zd
Z {z X Tg? ezg
W yZ X X gzZ D W: {
.X}~: {
LZ y{wgzZvZy{g ZG Z} g2$
+ Z _7,~ wj
"7, ZX t _7ZX D W: {
( i[ Z ?Y H H L L[ Z M g agzZX M V
X gZ2Z Z%} kZzz uZ ZX D Y a
~[ Z ?Y H H L LkZ Y t kZXgw6,+
$Y ~ yZX y!*
$6, zzuZ Zm,
LZ {Zz Z
qY gzZ (gzZ@
zkZ~w}'? H H Y i X g V Zz: {
bC
{z X t a }g : {
X Y]!*
~}g !* J
-[ Z 7ZX t x Zux t {Zz ZD]
/Z Zz: {
$z V- w2g6,R@
gzZ [Lx *2- e
kZ p C -[ Z {z c*
X
C*V ZzgkZgzZ kZJ :{
gzZ y0*
Y ~g Zj kZgzZxi Z ~i ** B ~uzX gg7! ~
~xk
X  o x ~ !* ,X DZ
M gzZ Y Z% LZ 6' 1995cX@ g zW L)
L x
gLZgzZ`g Z%~ ]gVq Zi M z6,'* y 0*
gzZ y*zy
gzZ 1x x ** u6 wP uX F, /zg6,
X 1{ M a F, %NLZ ] )gzZ Y  Z LZ
x Zx F

112 111
O ZX g ~ !~(,B2 F, ) Zgi
w/ w~ pgzZ +Z 6 gzZ \zg 6 x Y Z% O%Z * x { i @*
x ~ i Z0 ,
O 6'
X g F,
o otg/8 g- Zi M yZgzZ X { M 6,C
s Zi M Zz
+? nZ%Z
0 x C !*
M gzZ ` Z%x Z Zi M x ZyZ LZV5yZxgzZ ;gVZ {Z
+ 0
+? bC
gzZ
z kZgzZ 2- e
~ Zi M yZX D Y $zg uZz ] X ;gg " awEZ~
$z zz ~(,
` a xcX kZgzZ2- e $ 2- e
e $z~Vzg gzZgzZ x Z~ *
M `  Dq
: Zg ZtuXtzgdJ (, -Z F,
M: M 6,x 0* $zX el
% J6~ 2- e gziF
%N
F, $z: Z% M gzZ
LZ D # gzZ 2- e O%ZgzZ CY , Z+F, z LZ ,6X Z H<
w=
X
g D{ .Z DkZ~ VF
x ~/~ F, z kZX ;g "bC
$z ` Z%
a Za , h Zg~2- e
X ZZg ~ Z Z)~ gzx* kZgzZ *IF, $~VzP Zzz ng Z {
gzZ; [#
,
` Z% ~ ' Cc*
!* ,
M R' * { Z_ kZ ` Z% O%Z yZ gzZ x { i @* -ZgzZ yKZ
gzZ sq
$ qz]g g(Z ]g Vqz y 0*
gzZ 2- e gzZ ]g X s~uz' ZgzZIgg Z% YI
kZ gzZ Y
+X x 4zgzZ Zz} P
wzZizgo Zg $ $ bC
e ,
kZgzZgkCpptki ] Y Z% CZ 5
A Z%h
+] .M%ZgzZx Cc*
!* +]
M h .6X} P}uz
.CgCggzZX Z 3E Xg
6,~ Zi M ~X "m
yZz6,F, e
Y gzZ K $g/~y*zy X x *X HW,
w2gkZ~oC Ou"KZ w2gkZ
yzz@~ F,
x ZKg 0*
BB Kg0*
yZxX 7 x ng Z {X ZP VzI ggzZ ZP VzI F,
X g } P z
n6,[ ZX ; g Zi M 6,X gfm
yZz6,agzZ ~ Zi M ~X g $za F,
2- e KZx Z Zi M Xg e z w2gkZ
+Zc*
~ ZgzZ wX g0 +Z J
& -V X :} X : ~0* +? Zi M yZ p C
X { M a x Z{0 $zX s
2- e
Vzg Z% Y V
9~ y 0*
@', kZX
J
-[ZgzZF +?gzZx *x xcx e
-Zax Z{0
{g*zgq $z
x ZLZ ~ x Cc*
~ Zi M nC !* +]
M h .gzZ Y Z%0*
$U*
`  1" -
J z kZ VzdgzZ x kZX s MgzZ
6,[ Z X N Vc*
0*
6,k
, ,
z kX c*
x6,X pg xz ~ / X x ciuZz ib)x
nnac
W ~ Zi M (gzZ ~X c* x7,Z
g Z u g 7gzZ F,
P X Hi Z +?x 2- e
x Z{0
bC $z
X c*
DBgzZ +zg xeA~ x Cc*
!* +]
M h .X 2Z ]g tg/ ZZ z I x xcgzZ[ zZ w

114 113
 Xb hg] Z W,
Z{ Zwx ZLZ s: ~ 4ZgzZ V 4Z Kg 0*
yZxZg
VrZV2z/ VP LZgzZ m,
? yZ V: { t g
~ ` Z% O%Z ~ {Zg g 7gzZ F,
~ c*
Xce *
*x ; CZ ~V LZ LZgzZ x Z c* {gt X g D
E" E-
F 5_
/
%D !* FLZgzZ AEZy{g X V w Y~w
gzZ~E1E ** +Z gzZ z kZ
gzZ @ M ~g ~ cgzZ g zg0
X ,x ~VzgZgzZV9yZ ~@{g~ ( X H qz
~g [ Z * T X i M ~ * Vz [ Z gzZ
aZ ~ yZ X D H epZ }g ~ wO ( Z { i Z0
 X t* +Z~= X
u
Zz] Z|z yZgzZXVc* -)
) gzZy{8 }uz ~TX @*
4z~ Z~ kZ [ ZzD=
X u/_ .zlh +'
[ ZX x Z ( { Z_V
~ *
V LZ Z H< YX ; gV
E 5_
-F
{u TX ~ wq-Z Y y{ wh gzZ y{g AEZ
+ (a kZ X ,4z]
gzZ . gz ] )y Z ,# .
}
E"
]oT E1E
: { ; ; x ** H1 x Z~R,
kZ X c*} t gzZ X Z HwJt xc a kZX
%Z ~gz^
: {
vZ5~x c*
: { Z 4ZX @*
[ Z6,kZgzZ g Z ,J
' -[ Z V Zz (gzZ ! Z Zg X D H{!*
_kZX t.t V

E"
vVz0
+g9,FE1EmkZX Hh
+ ~f kZX c*
M XhZztZVz_
,
yZX Zz y{g a kZX y{g{kez Z Z y{g g Zu yZX # y{ w
V;z/ VrZ :Zz V gzZ LZ Z
{zX ~~hg !*
VkZgzZ: { ~ Zz y1{g yZ c*
C ~}g !* /
yZ'5 V2z wXgzZ ZgZ
X ZW,
O Hx gp]q DgzZ I V;z {gzZ ` gzZ wj m
-Z V;zgzZ , {gz ~hg !*
wq yZ ~ ] kZ y{ wq D Vg  VzgZ P yZ X Y
g~gzZy{wy{g X G@*
gzi6, m,
?kZ y{g X YH qzx -ZB yZ VrZ Xg5gzZg {z H< B
wq
} F, $
Z 'd **
! ! ~ y1 X} 7,^~ 'izgq
-ZX ~i X * /
*i M ]q & Z CgzZ Y ~ kZ x Zz6, wkZgzZ
5 & J e X g }g y{g X } 7,^wa gzZ $**
y{ w g ZaT -ZX w yZ Z+ w
 yZ gzZ q
w!x **-Z X A VgzZ m,
q yZ V;z X V vZ yZ Zzpgg(gzZ Cc*
~[zjX w yZ {z Z
-ZX e
] {z X y yZ ]Zg z q $x **
}gzZ a !*
-Z
q hZz y QgzZ zqgzZ zqg }; W,
O y{w
gz 7ZgzZXx] )yZX W yZ y ] ZgX a  iZ LZ y{w~[zj c*
Xb Zy{wyZ zqgzZ F

116 115
 X CYyj
jZV;z{z 
] Zg Z -Z ~t m,
q ?X H{ M 7Z ] (gzZKZ XK y j
yZ ~g X AZz**
~g x OZ iz!* /
Vu ix yZ ,Y ~ kZ VY yZ) Y ~ w
yZgzZ Y 1 { ^
D g@*
y X Zz C!*
. LZ}g u V
_ /u
-Zizg ZX Ht Z VrZX YH{ M: {
V ~~ ;q
VYyZ (*x
z kZ~ y : X: AZz ]qgzZ g @* i{ X Zzza[ NZ~R,
q-ZgzZ}q
-ZgzZ c*
] Z|%
( y{ Z-g zZ m,
+Zy{/ZX Z ~ }g !*
~R, $gzZ } a !*
we c*
=J-V X Zg {7
X : ~}g !* .
V@gzZ4z] :Zz izg }X 0*
w}X : Zzg: { wbkZ X
Zx~ X 7g7m{ kZX V;z {gz ~y M Zg t ~
1997cX@ L Lu L E"
qzx i~ V gzZ D gzZ Z kZ ~g g ZugF E1E
6,y{g 1X iuy{g D7 LZ VrZgzZ `
,
'
X gg Z VLZgzZ: { Zz: yZX Z: W,Z kZ
/
]Vu: { L X3ZgzZ: {
V [ %F ~ 6
!*
C ogzZ !*
M 4c ZgX ~ V( SgzZ~ V
zs~g v sC ,
ZX ~ Va yZ@Zi ~ yZk
Z g J .
x nvKg 0*
D]! y**
Z zZX
gZgzZ ! Zz(
Xzs: {
$.{z X 7x= x **
e z kZ w yj
Zg7 X Zz6, jZ
i kZX ! ZX X V( Z {zXg ]g \u
Vig. ~(,~I! Z _X 6U*
gzZgz M x ** KV
/ ~
u! Z~ .
0*
g Z" s ZX C q C ~ g gzZ _X
=g f Zz6,] $ ZgzZ
g y Z X d gz M x ** Z M
FgzZ ZD
X CY ~VzgZgzZV' Z@
7xz ]zIikZ Zz6,: {
]zI yZ %Z X ;g
gzZ ! Z  ~ y Xg gz Zz : {

118 117
0 ~X : xiaVz ~,ZX
8} @*
rg 
,
j X yZ L Lg ZX yzky{X x ** ,; [
Z'

9pjX jgzZ jx Z jg yZg Z' i ~C

,~C i
( y Z X
0 ]gz yQg Z ]g 3 X ] Z f yZg"
+Z t ] !*
lg) lg*ZX Hy{ VrZi N X
,~C
e { C o X ( u ) ~ {g Z Z yZg Z' i V yZ ( 1!*
EZ e zkZ ZGZ} gzZ~v^gZR,
.Z eXD B{C1!*
E
45H4&
gG Z LgzZ D k LX C } i Z7

X D tua: {
, ~g ZyZg Z'
izgu' ,~C
i yz CZ y{= 16
N* -Z r
M 7 ~g ZuJ # y{g X Hg
{ Z 9 Zzg Z ~c* Z {z
y M xViKZX D Z{or]: { N p C +
0i ~ kZ X ;g w N a } 1952
/0
gg Z + -Z c*
iyq X CL{ c* .Q c*
iL { Z 9 ZGZ} 9zg +
~gzZ dX V7 0 X ]uZz
i {%izg ~g [ Z ~ : {
6,gi0
+ @*
i ~g ~: { +
n } 7^i0 /Z X
ixcp YX gg64z]
%Z gizg {zV** .{z4z]
.
7 yZz }g X gg
/, x ~gz * +i @*
*: ag {0 +
V3zg [ Z 0 /Z X
i ~g p
gzZ {ZzX 1 V LZ ZzyZ~X [ ~g F^Z -ZX 6q
X ~gz} h z q -Z yX
Zg k]; : {
: zZ KZ T R Lg} }
{zX g w0*
uD ~~ * -g kZgzZ @*
@Y gp& (Z8
Z k]l
] zX *^gF wZ Z y!* +X wZ
$~ $ ;c*
X ;g7!* Z ?gzZ L L~ [ ZXpZ DX @*
iq 7
z
X :~y~Vz ~ x
0*
-Z e!a {Zz @*
q t w Z(,
Z ~ yY x @
X #: e ngzZ%e!{ZzYX Z{ ,iZ +
h : @*
~v xv

120 119
6,} wg[ c*
u~5 ZggzZ@)g f+R,
: ZzgVZi Z  o 4^f r]
X k0* C
{  z q
gzZ -Z LZ Zwa V;zX} F,
Z mc* +
~Zh 6,1!*
z PBX: { -Z
lgizgq
Z Zx~ X {@ y gzZ {nKZQ V;z
lg l]1 : Z= X V @* Z = X
5 yZ gX
M@l]1
# ZG Z}
kZ r .X H qzx ~ g Kg 0*
**
,` ugzZ li **
' Zx Z 1!* F,
~ T Z  ,
Zk L L!gg VzI F, V 4Z X x **
+
h X
gzZ V Zz f@* z
@ gzZ X qz~g ^VrZ XB yZ ~ kZ X ~g t X  ZGzg @ EG 4EE
3{!I
Y x ** Z
( Zg(gzZ Z^ ) l]1 z kZ X 2- V1z { $zX
2- e V.g (gzZ Vz
V' ZI F,
y 0*
) ZgiYX D Y
sZ VrZX 3~:7 ZzZX u~ $ ZgzZ
d gy @*
-Z~yZX
q V' Z Z
/ **
&
$ Zgz x **
gzZ d y 0*
X @* $.gzZ Hu
g yZ~ C$f e a wj ,
X ~C, k VgzZ VzgZ gzZ V' Z yZ X { Zi y F,Zi%
# i ~ Z
r # ~ Xg *Zzg ZyZ r
# @i ~g Z1X
l]1
8I{ +
Z 0 K ZGZ}
.~k
, -Z
q
/
X i 5 Zgz wjsZyZZ c*
~# C VrZ Hf kZ w}X : yZ Z ' X yZ M ; Z Z e~ gzZ
*Z zg Z g$ m ~ wjsZ y 0* # i
zy r g ~ X V a k X:  ZG Z} . M lgZ
# z kZ ~
# @i h
ZzgkZ [ Zzg Z zz r + # ZX #
r i5 YE
gzZ 5E
45Zg e yt X 6,y q
G -Z Zz~z~y
Mg Zi !*
m `gX Z
# ~ X D }p! Z {zzz TX
V;z vgZ $ *Z zk
X # , g L L{ izg 8gzZg {g y
4EE
~gkZ EG 3{!IF,
gzZ g~VzgzKg 0*
gzZVzIF, -Z = ZG Z}
q .0
+Kk
, $
XyZ z d { i Zzg y
zg Zgy {
xs g *V yZX ygzZ gzZ c* %kZ c*
Zsg yZ lgX Vg# +g
X sz^B-i
+F,
$
d Z X w'~ w ~Z e ~3,
z~g Zi R X 5B; Vz
zk QyZ xsX ~VKg 0*
X 4z g4z + F,
$
d kZX ] 5 ~ l]1
Z t
g@y yZgzZ y i~ w}x ** Z
Zz l]1 X ~
y!*
i ~g yZX x ** zkZX ~ !*
kZ $
M xsZd ezgezg y 0* Z ` ~
V; z X cZ l7zg g l]1
e w1 gzZ Y 3!*
{g~gw&zZX
f ix y1X g ~ X A Vzg7 {u Kg 0*
~ ezgg Zz g Kg 0*

g M g+ Z iz9 X @* /
Zg % Kg 0*
gzZ VzI F,
z kZ X M
4h+
{g izg V;z X  f e x **
ZsgzZ**
li **
Zx Z
Vzg7 Kg 0*
gzZ Vzg7gz' FgzZ y!*
,
Z a*Z'Z Zi% aZ ;Z ; Z XA f e x **
~g E ,
5;X$*Z'Z~X Vzg7igz ~V;zX M

122 121
gzZ ! Z~ kZX _7,Z {zX { yk Q l]1
Z Z # ;~ V' ZX D Hf Vzgz 2- i
I ~I" r +R,
,
L LkZXk $ ZI F,
kZ"gzZ d gX D}p( ,
XD Hf gzZ FgzZovZg('!*
V' Z {z,(Z X ~gzc*
a"7,
VZ -ZgzZ z yZXg}IV {nKZ/ l]1
q Z
~giz%Z ZBxsX H qz**
X ' zg6,
R p g ~: {
Z X v: {
{@ ezg yY y
H !*
X

Diz%ZX ' g .z?gzZZN*
,[ zZ ~~ y 0*
H0* y 0*
iz%Z +'
~p~ c~ygzZ@Cg CggzZX M ~ph ~kZgzZ: {
]g Z Z >kZ X ;g q ~p~(,~ y 0*
p ~gzZ Z\Z /
~ V +'
udgzZ ! ZX ZZh zz yZX Za
~ : {
gzZ Z [-Z;Z ;}g *zg &
M~o ]r Zl [Z 
~ggzZ c Zzz ZX D H: { $ Z FX ZZ
gzZ d
# ;k
Xr , kZ X ZN*
y 0*
wq X HgV~fgzZ 0* H@,x Z
X /z6,
Z 4 (ZX { c*
iZz VKg 0*
gzZV' ZIF, ~o i
gzZI F, /z6, +Zg ZVx M g d
~ Xg~: { $ Z yZ q
-ZC -Z
%q
X q ~ szw~ g @* x Z~ y 0* -
{z ] q zi !*
N !*
g{z X D c* Z M@yLZ Z
M : { # **
,` u
'
E
G
Kf6, ,x **
zZ {' Y5%kZ 5g7 0*
Xce ** yZaY yZ {Z_Z~X
} (,y{` Zcg7gzZ g
,zz iy 0*
gzZg izgu' $ Zgz x **
gZgzZ d F{z] Z| y{` Zc} (, .X *
yZgzZ yZ ZGZ} @Yezg b Zz y
FgzZ **
,` u Zq ~I'
' ,!* +
IXg `g& $.
gzZ yEZe X
g  . ` = [ ZX 4z
)zg 7gzZ { Zg ~g ZG Z}
L 6,kZ v
X g[ Z t{z kZ X gx : zC
g~@J
: { -Z
# **
,` uX Zz
' z k Q yZ Z
gzZI F, 6,ggzZ ` Z% O%Z
x X Z f os { Z_ LZgzZ M{gz New ChinaeE / {zX Tg D M
J e ~y 0* # Vx g Kg 0*
X yzz@gzZ Z r gzZ g gk0* yZ {zkZ X ( egkgyZ /) eg kgz q
-Zu
tJ
Xgz -@gz? eg kg(Paul Rabson) EjE
: { $ Zgw0*
g x { (gzZO%Z
# Vx l]1
p {z gzZ X D p r Z X CW,
O= i Zz M OZ6,gzZ ~ EjE
)g !* $ Zg w0*
X D c*
~
DX gzZ Dk
Kg 0* ,~ ug 0*
-Z g~ c Z7Z X .
q Z[ ZIF, +'
~zgZX Mh [ ZIF,
gzZ@zzZ
# VxX 2Z ~gzZ V@ Kg 0*
*ZgzZ r # V x
gzZ r zz ZX H qz 7,q7ZCgCgX c*
C~}g!*
yZ Z
,
gzZ ~ i t yZg zZ g ZMZ x ZX Vzkl 6, 
**
~ iz%Z Z ~ X _7, !*
ZgzZ Sg)** [Z iz%Z)**
izg
s b ~g Ztu~g Z% YgzZ V26,g kZgzZ ` Z% O%Z qz Hgg.z?{izg8I F, # VZiZX g,(
gZ

124 123
 M [zZ { C" ~agzZ 0
X c* +i Zi MpX 3 F,
kZ~[ Z Z'
: , VyZg7x {zy
H !* ,
XgkgzZ Zz Z
X dl yZ V;zX D Y wg rL Zi MgzZ ~
~ ,
X Z M' ,
~]gg ' Z 1958x ZgzZ
~ ) Zi M y Zi M ya gz!*
y Zi M gzZ ( gz' /c*
) g7 yZ *
cJm kZ r
yZz6,~ V ZzgkZgzZ: { # Z
x^ X x z m{ i y!*
Z i ( V Zi M ~ Vz X ~ F,
gzZ
# X H Z^Z V;z ~g e
~ e M Z $.gzZ c*
ZV 6,sZ x a g !*
zg gzZ g izg ) Zi M } (,} V yQ
~(,
^1g a ~}g !*
g ?Y ^ kZ Z {z ` g !* MgzZ X g ;
zg ~ T e {z ) s=%Z y
Z%ZX [ 4E
X` M ~~ e M ) Zi MgzZ l]1 &e ~8 wZ e g ( V
-g }g ~ wj Z gzZ X V: {
/~ : M ~C
>X [ [Z {g Z i jgzZy{ ayZgzZ 1 CZ Ug Z gzZmZX H qz gVrZ
<c*
@ay{[ Z ZX e}: x {6,t X
H e**
**
x ~}6, X c* /YZ]kZ ZX d
$ ZgzZ
u **
{z X ~
G
g Z 4~gzZX Z N: ; 9zg=[ZX Z**
x ~ 5rV6& ~ Zi M xsgzZ { C o l]1
G Z [ Z
X 4** L : x
x gzZ CZ Y~w: gzZ ~  X g| (, ~!Zizg/izg ~
I F, Zi M X H qz *
*
-x 
~J gzZ D M V LZ LZ: Zizg~gzZy{~w ,
R' +
l ~Qg ZuZ ~I *0 _[ Z
w;Xgizgz
}g  X DN Z M k0*
}g g ZgzZ yZ v N X Tg }u6 ) Zi M ] & Vz gzZ V' Z @gzZ
E
-!*
-X y M yZ {z @*
Zg y{x Z y{ 8 ~ f ~V ~F @G } a Zr
# y{x Y~ d $ X c*
: {
~ e M XB}g gzZ FgzZ ) gzZ y{ yP) Zi MX Tg} hu ( V
/)xsgzZ Zi M Zy I_
} Z 8g7g ~g : Zizg X 8 0*
Z6,a yZ y{ X Sg6,( ,
X Z M'VzyZy
M X D-
$z ~yZ {zgzZg~
KZ
X Dwg Z 5' ,X 'Y ~ Z' 1H
,c@gzZ e ( Z G
45
G7) XF,
zg Z gZ yZ BgzZ ~ -Z VP
c  Zi M~ T^q
H g e6, xc s ` Z% O%Z s V Z gzZ Vzg Zu /
ZgzZ ZZ VZgzZ Vc* -Z~ ~
q Z~LF,
c  X H l]1
,
g Z' 6,
D ggzZ ~ M lpe } Z8  +xgzZg ZuX D T^t X H1x g7tI F, +]
gzZh .~ kZX H
G
45k! L L; x **
~ yZ X D Y k0*
} Z 8 g7g ^^{zgzZ s }g zg Z ~ HY C
Zi M ~ c Z g Z L LgzZ iz%Z L LX g Z G
~ m,
s VyZ ~ zgZgzZ c y{ X  LZ }g yZgzZ Zi M V- ~ [ ZI F,
~ X Z sg ~ X  W Z F,
E
X D gzZ D ~E
.~ 2- e
G $z J -V X F, ~ V !*
iv zg ZgZ 4Z

126 125
 Z gp ZgzZxnX J ~e IwZ
X Hg66,
wZ]qyZX wqy.6,vX
+Z r kZ X 
g zZi p6,{ izg8x **
g z{ L L@
~g ZX y{wzg {zX o*%HoVzg
p6,X y{
z x ZgzZ
z DX 8 - {z X **
Y **
M k0*
yZ
gzZ c*
] V Zz: { p6, ZgzZ I F,
Z X c*
4 ~g Z
,
c  X H qz r{g ~ w~O X g i M ~ X ~kz uZ Z
-Z ~ X ~ zg ZgzZ ~
~ kZX , yZ ; C e L Ly*q
+v gzZ e } Z 8 gzZ VzMgzZ +xke w
s@ VzfZ yZ$
17 ,Je} Z 8 X c*
bkZgzZX ;ZuZ I Zw1' 5
ZI#
Z,j~
X H<qb) ZgzZ ~gzZ Z
~ ) 0*
) Z
y Z L gL Z {izg8 ~C
i j
z { c*
~ w[ Z i ZX hZz xv LZ LZ ( y{ gzZ 1998~g@ L Lu L

k0* -Z {z ] **
yZX HyZgzZ q ZgzZ F6, y{X g
/
b~g7 ~ [ X ~ a "7,gzZ = VrZ [ [ c*
**
-Z
q
- tm,
8 Zg[ t X q/Zz kZNZ%Z e 7| 7,
+Zz[ kZX " (Long worth Dames) @eBgz
ci

- Z bZg (1);VzDZzX
sg wX (2)gzZS
$hzg Q ~
gzZ~ 2 c  ~X
,z [ X
XF,
~L~ m,
Z QkZ~~uz
}uzX ~ VzVz **
{eC -Z
q
z kZ X 
Out of [t y~ 1907[t X H 
{e

128 127
 Hc*
X uu" vX /v F
wZ e ~ 7Zgz Z ag [ t lp~ XC k, Vaz" [c*
!* **
gzZ Print
izg Z Xg Z=
yZ g6 # / : { :7 ] Zg
~ ] zZ Z y iZ y{ *Z M = ~ ]gVz{e{e
X @*
Y H c*
x **
wL%u L L~ g @*
( wZzt X H ;gVzg7 tu! Z kZgzZ ~ J (,ZzgzZ~ ~
c  [ kZX B
~ -ZZz kZ y{
yZX H ~]gc  sq X Z{ M b@e ~a Z
X  -!*
t~ 8 L
L .=[ ~
c  L L kZq [~ y ~%jZ}
~V# ) y{w ~gx ~y{ X c* F,
Zz ~zg Zx **
~
*
E
gzZ] Z|yZEy{vZy{
+
zkZ e} Z8 X[ rg2$ $g k0*
e k M V X OgzZ q k7,X lp ~{g~ V
+Z7Z : ~l gzZV**
X YHg0 vgzZy{V;zX ~gz**
Y**
MX 4WQ c*
@*
_6,r
~g Zi !* $. r
wgzZ ~[- X y > M e # ~ X W(gzZw! ngzZ M V2z
Zj ])VgzZ D W@ x VgzZ e} Z 8 D Y V a 3VX Z c*
M J ~ e I}g wk Q
~}g !*
NgyZgzZ ~gx ~+xgzZx ZX D gV V (gzZ|4v ~g!*
wze X D M w {g ** zg X : [
7
C" gzZ ^
Zo ,Y**
6,r
# ~X s z^~ ~/li # z
Dg6vX D|
n 6,7 P *
@Y zg e& n**
q-Z
X @*
7g 7Z ~g uX @*
~ }g !* e
] ) VgzZ W Zg y ~X f
,
gR' # ~O Q
gzZ y f mXr K h
}g ~ e M X D: +I ** 1H
zW~g e Z G
5
4G
7 m<!*
x
(gzZ $f e
yZpVrZXg $.X Z rg - ;gE- -e } Z 8 !*
gzZx ZX E Y J g7g ~g X
] lgzZ z{~}g !*
LZ VrZX 3g { M Vi gzZ ~/x | (,
D ~gYx  +x
}g x gzZ DtD ~g | m
X H qz** 3C
/ !*
x Z kZ VrZ ZX c* +Z ])
{ i Z0 X s
+
,ah
].x 5 L L{ izg8@~}g !*
] q4Z ~ x Z {zgzZ w=,(gzZ q
-Z {zy{ ~ w
+~e L Ly*q
kZX 5,yZ h -Z BgzZX Xqz ' IwP X ~g x **
[ x Z wK Y {z X D g
y I kZ  Zg y{/Zk
g Z g , { izg V~ ] )! c*
**
Zg ,Z V yZgzZy{gzZ VrZ
# Zg X `q q=gzZ ]{gk
y*Z r , w4Z L L +J
;g Zg2$ z kZ Z}6'
- ,` @*
X Z7y 0*
z kZX g

X nZg **
x V!*
x yZX 0*
YVc*
# ~XW M m,
yZgzZ y{w y{r -Z e} Z 8 X
Zq

130 129
R }gzZ y{zf ZgY qZz h1 aZ Zi R }gzZ -ZX U,/LZ r
izgq
{ ~  # gx ~
Hc*
}Z8 X !*
} 9C  y{xgzZ y{}g ZggzZz}g gzZ yZByZX 4Z~yj
jZkZge !* ,
~]g]Z' :
s~X Yc*
7Z Z"gzZ ]!*
X 7 k0*
X yj
jZ wz IZe ) }g gzZ {zV
# } Z8 { M Z
~ ?)ls }g vL L r -~~/kZ y{w ZiR}
V ]ZgZ {zXq
c*
VrZ kZ 'X qz ` M 1: L L Lc*
[ Z Ug $
Xd geg!* $zZ wzIZ LZ
yjZwZOLZ=gf.
X Yc*
Y k0*
} Z ~ Z /
~ V #
u~w ` ] uZz yZx gzZ e} Z 8 Z
gZZg .;gE- ygzZy!* $e$.} z k Q} Z~ Z # ] ZgX qz
: = yLZ ~ Z w )
2g Z[
K 7t yZ X yZGG
.2 y{*Z'
,ZY qZz yZ G.G X Z 7,v Y~X c*
{ i Zzg R } V Zz m,
C ]Zg S MOX Zz
# Y q Z7Z
8r # ~X
Hc*
: :7 V !*
X = X
MaY: m,
C R } Zz m, !*
C ` WC
=gzZ ;g Y Hg
z Vc* / /
zz Vu( ~= c*
} Z 7] !*
X ;g|~1 .6, X yZ ZzyX M gzi
HH Zj V3 :7 Y C
X !*
yZ = O X N Y # ~gzZ y{ w `
} Z 8 V r
) xZgzZ Vzm,
}k0* = VM
k M X , Vc* R Y: m,
C gzZm,
v}gzZ~ X c*
a7 e
X v Z
{ {fZ z kZ X v {zxZ ~ m, Z 0*
C ~ + xF}g Z g eX ~%Vzm,
vgzZ
, yZ X
ZgzZ pkCz \ M LZ ~ @'
kZ ? z}uzgzZ y{x Zy{V;z
7ZX M HX
,
X g~g7Zpk ~X HwLZ y{gzZ ~ ~g OZ~X g~y X D] uZz x yZ
z kZX [| 7, ~}g !*
L Z~ /(gzZ z{
V-g PBX c* ~g !*
} Z 8 yY aZ Zi R } X M
pgzZ O X ;gkCbsz0*
z V L Lwz**
gT \ M Ug ~O ;g \ M 6,@ 6, # c*
zZ r C =gzZ c*
M 3 m,
CyH !*
z

HH =X :7 = 3 D o
h1B}g V;z e} Z8 [ Z X6,~h N 6,
zZ~ ikZ Vz@gzZ } Z8 X Z: Zzg
Xy{xgzZy{}aZgzZZz y{z ZgY q
}Z8 ] Z|{'
,x *
* ` VV;z X
z ;g
$.yxz !*
X{fZe aZgzZy{z ZgY qZ V !*
) VXV w{z yZ X ~
6,wq ~g ( Zi e} ) )g Zu}g ] Zg !*
Dg OZC -k
J, X c*
} Z 8 a{gt+x} (,
gzZVzg Zu
/~ G pgzZ p~(,] ZgX **
z ZgY qX ~g 3gzZ c*
Z{_ X M a ~X ~g !* !*
~g [ ZX C M Xg
+xgzZ yxgZug y

132 131
 ziZgzZg=gyZgz#
Xg {zX i 5~g{zX Z 7,k'
,6,
yZ X ~ ZNVrZXyKZ b Z'
6, $.y{
gzZ8 e
# )
yY xgzZ r
@ Z * Z x
,j_x  # } Z 8 k
V Y7 } i ZzggzZ p=pr ,
x yS yQX y.6, ` ~g
/~yZ Z
# ~X M } Z 8 1 x ** # ~y
ZZ M gzZ Zrx **
V Zz ?
yy
{
-E
/
Z ZgzZ ~g Z y{~ VrZ]ZgX 7D] uZz #
X ~~ t{zX ^:ZzUg r
, yZ gzZ AZz Z yZ } Z 8 X k0*
}Z 8 M +xgzZPF}g gzZ R }~X !*
V- g Z
+I**
gzZ Hg Z h gzZ Z6,~g
/~ yZ r
# )
,X yZg HH~: m,
X C 7Z
{z c* /~] Zgq
[ Z } Z 8 X ~g Z -Z s ~X Y H ;g= # } Z8
r ~g OZ kZ gzZ ~g
/ ugzZ]]Zg
X/1, ;g= M F,
gzZ K ]Z} Z 8 pi Z~ w ~X Y c*
Y a 'k0*

X ;g} V1Z !zHsKZ
X@ L Lu L
1998~gz
$.{z
] ZgX Z qzw * 1953~gJX y ]gzp e
+!*
cX g ~0 +
Z0 # X gzZ lg !*
1 gY Zz :7 = Z
7 /ZX r e
z kZ p $ggzZ R
{z
X s z u 0*
}g kZ @gzZ e } Z 8 6,T ~h N t Y g M
X bq~
sN !*
e } Z 8 = w ZX} & -eZ
3 7
# g Zud
z kZX r
$
uv= {z1X N Y k0*
z } y{ w gzZ}g
yZ~ VV;z Xg Zu /Z yZ Zi%
y{xZgzZ ( } (, - Z
y{)y{8 yYxX Z
c{z yZ X gg OZ ZgzZ~ g Zu m,
} {z
yjZ X 6,K-e c p=~y{` @*
z kZ {z X  g Za
X g 0* va X gZa]5g eg !*
uuyjZ {z g Z
gzZ Z C!*
. D4Z~ ~X Zzz yZ
_ t Hn
~

134 133
y!* ~Z KZ 1953w *
i _wkZX : a: {
X qz
]z YgzZ Za Y kZ : { ) Z _L C
L g

[ x Z : { HHg
Zpg ZZ [ L C # X ;g
L c Z
Z ~}g !* L aX m,
kZ/ [ L ? Zpg g _q
-Z {gt
Zpg kZgzZ NcG
g $ e x **
V~: {
g7g ~ e M Y X Y ~
y{ wa X : hZ ~ h
x **
y{ wO X c* M ykZ ]i YZ x ** !*
yZ DC Z
: {
cG$ e )x _ L L { b 0*X ~ $ e
Zpg a cG
HHx Z 
X ZgzZX Zq
@*
O @*
kZ1X Z qz x ** /Z _ L L
Zy{wp 18
Z ZGZ}
.Xg x ** .Z e
Z ZGZ} .
zkZX ZG Z}
+Z ZGZ}
Z Zv gzZ }pa _ L LXi .X H qzx t mgzZ XZg6,
;g6,
$JgZD
- 0*
=6, # )
gZZr ,T
Z nC
7 gzZ <g M {zYX D = VhZgX D VZi **
6,~g
/kZ~ 0
+igzZ z ~ ] !* # [Z
t~Z
yX Z 
: { {g _ L L)x ~ 1953s6,
ZO X { M --
g ] Zx gzZ`4Z y{8 $JX @*
ZgV6, -
$JX
!*
 kZgzZX D YC .~
ak'Xgsz^~x Z ZGZ} ;gX
X yy{ HHZg=/X
p6,X J~ 6,
sZp6,
X ~6,h
+y
a _L LD -Z
8 ,j_y{X y ]gzp
yYx)
kZ\ M LZ ~1X @*
:. JB; yZ ~X _7, ZGZ}
.sz6, ,izg ZX ~g Z
) /
z ] ZgX ;g lpy ~ y{x ZgzZLy{
.X &
X N Y{g: V~}p_} Lg} # )
r ,Xg~wy{gzZ~X : Zzg@yYxgzZr
#
Z
z kZ ~* ! Z _m<!* )
~ y  Z )x _L L X H (Z OX N Y@{gizg
V Z SgzZV Zz"7,_X ]!*
M lpgzZ/* zzg X H!*
z: { M@
wqx V2zgzZ : {
.X h
pgzZ /Zz/ [ Z _ ZG Z} + M lp _ L L)x V;zX D Yk0*
r# )
, eg Z~Xg .z?
gzZy{T
$ Z ~uu/gzZd
ZgzZd  ~ yj
$ Zg** jZgzZuu/gzZ g Xgx ~ 2Z)** +xX XyYxgzZr
izgg2$ # { C o

136 135
 * ~g7 gzZ VzI F, ,yizg Z g p6,
]Zw} h v' _ L ) +Zy ZOX AZz
L x 7Zqgi yZ ZGZ}
.Z e
]g Z Z _ L LX ~ ]Zw ~ 7Z X c*
a X e
$.gzZ Ug g syZX H qz '
d6,bkZX  O%Z6,
t# Mgp6,
~y 'g Z LZ w AXG
(gz? 2l
c*
=J-V
1954X g: { c* -Z/kZX ;g d~ Vz#
i wq _L )
L x g**
~u Zg gz?X
[gzZ
{ # lXK qz
_r
gzZ ZG Z}
X ZC! Z "t: { .Z egzZ _)x ~ 1 Myg @* /
Z,Z~ c*
' +
wg ~g Z Z%~h
 ,
M gzZ'[-Z
5x 5 ) Hwy~ 1953 wZ
,j_= V;zX ,
ggzZ VzgZ Fuu bZX C _L L, k
 gzZgZ LZ
aY yZ ezguZz T # Z
r # M@X V M `@~ ~ yj
jZ~ V 4ZX C,k
, $ Z
gzZgZ LZ qg[gzZ d
 a
z Z L
L ~ ~p r # ~ [xZ V;z H yZX M y 0*
g 0* gZ yjZP!*
uug Z # 

7Z ]i YZ ) $ e
xa cG
Z kZ 1 Z Zpg -ZPgzZ gz?XtZWz6,[ [ d
q $ Z cgg Z
/g
h7[ Z x t
i

T e {z X M +Z iE 2Z L)
L **
izga p {z X .Z ex H r
X yTyY ZG Z} # X M@
$zyZ~ yZgzZ ,y{]g Z Z z Z L L
gzZxX Vz- V;z ~gz?g D M@gzZg iZ Vz yjZ~ m{z Z
#
X ZlpgzZ ~Xy{ # ZGZ}
uZ Z ] r .yZX Tg ~ x sZg/ Lp
L 6,~g uq
-Z
z kZy{ ~ T {# T
;g z
z Z L L Xg ,k
,KZa _L)
L x gzZ wJ] VrZX ~
T D ~ X c*
~gz y Z L L bTg2 0* g
gZ kZX p6,_I F,
~ w} _ L LC
z X @*
[xZ Y 6,sZ Za
) Z X @*M k0*
r# ~ VzI F,
x **
yZXDp6,gz?Y @'
,5 x **
Z L L
# { CoX C]5 yZ~T
r yZ e c*
~6,
:gzX D M V;zZ X ] !*
5!*
~ Va6,
,
k_ ~ yX * $.
@Y 1 x Z GZ z ] e
!*
gzZ Z
: { #
x] ZggzZ X D M V;z D rg Z /
X ~g>_yg @*
Z**
~w4Z L%Z

X D~: { I F,
~gz kZgzZ p6,I F,
a X H Za x **
Z (, _ L L)x
@~]gZ Z y{{g
 zZ L L~1953y $ Z
3n x : Zg ZtugzZ ` Z% O%Z ]gzZgzZ d
0* ,
g ZX k yz ( ~gz y Z L +yZ~X Z
L 6 )g2$ @+Z #
iz%ZQ X sz^~ 0 V yZ ~ y 0*
SX
EI E
4&
4h5kG
V H w Zi M ~zc ]c*
gzZ Kg 0*
DZ ]!X Zi M [Z VZ L LkZgzZg .z?ZN*
B V26,` Z%gzZVzIF,
~k y 0*
$ Z {zy{QyDg+
gzZd
~g ZX $Y zi !*
N !*
0* ~ {g X @*
7I xg _ L L)x C
X 77

138 137
 ,LZ {z X @*
gzZ X B @' Z 7,Zg 0*
k0* e Z
; u X Tg g X 0 b)x ZX Zp6,
X ',gzZ Z! Z
pg w V}uz
: n% ~ ft gzZ L L {z X n p=~g!* ,
*Z' +% 4~ qz y c*
Zi ~yM #
-ZX Hwq Z'
a] Zg: X : x Zg M q , yZ 3 X Y +
Z LZ~ 0 ) igz ~~ ~E
i qzX g ( Vzgz' zg {zX
e yY ~ fL LD Z (,
x Zg MX { Zg Z h (,X D D ~g F]ZgX M
h /
gx -2- i
u~ q +R,
gzZ Kg 0* ~g !*
Za ~ Z ygz' gzZ
3gy.6,
X VgzZV2z}X 7 /
X Hx -Z~y 0*
u~q ,
gzZ|47Z R'[ ZX
-ZO, Zz4Z ~ *gIB
q 67Z M *Z'
, +%%kZ
Zi X g XC} gzZ {( Z *Z'
G gzZ E w!* ,Z
ikZX akZwhw ~f@* ZgzZ~izg
yZl]1 CBMCX zggzZg Z u" @ M X C Z -
$Z X
X x
8Z~whXy{ZZe `gZ*gIB
6~ XDZ e bg e V}g DC6,
+gzZ)Y0*
gzZX: [
7 Zeg^b ` M X ZVzZe~ i kZ ,
*Z' +%X i z ~~g *Z'
Zi ,
+%~: {
Zi
67Z >XDYA7hZ v
X MYZ~*gIB c Z c* # X yTyY r
Dc Zg{z Z # Z
( z ~gzZ X AZzp
{ M /Z r
# { Z e ,
x ~g *Z' +%gk0*
Zi yZ~4 D M@
Vzgz'
Ha3yZ!% (Z~ Hg Z WZg **
7YZX VrZX nspz[ M@yZ V2z4X g ! KyZXD
X H X 5
Tg U3{z X C x yZ Z @*M  ~: {
~ fN*
~(, 7ZZgzZ~X k- y
M Z X D { M ]!* +
0 A ] !*
i KZ { zX ~g yZ X

X : { X D]~(,yZr
XD #
-ZXT e **
QX { Ma Yxq +%izg Z
Y4:Zzi *Z',Zi+%t
h7x zz ~g F[ Z {zX M ~: {
M
e X } wg~ ]q ~(,7ZZgzZ ZGZ}
. Z e ~ X Tg ~ y { 
{ +Z Vz S4g
z kZ ~4X
X ggzZ c* L ayZ~k
t~~h 7ZX Za -I F,
Zz q r# {
pX DwN bC #
y Z r
X ;g Zzt V\ M ~/{g t :Zz4{g| l, ,
eY: *Z' +%X ]~(, ~k
Zi ,$ yZ X
q~gF~c Z{zX C
~ A ] !* zC
~ ,
*Z' +%
Zi {g !*
%kZ1X p=: { z {zw kZ c*
wz7 c*
[ ZX
+%gzZ Zsi
i +% li ** +%V;zX g~~ M Kg 0*
Zx Zi Zz6,ezgg -ZX _FZ
X Tg U3] ZgyX : ChgZ3q qyZ
X Zu|x Z GZz] yZXDwNu" yZ**
X c* /
_ yZ (
, Lg: {
Y ) ~} M'

140 139
 LZ {zX D M c*
[g Z z m, q ~g F kZ [ Z*Z'
gzZ z y CZ ~ , +%
Zi
VgzZ}VzVgzZx M sg **
nX D c* X DZ
c* +
gzZ Vz0
4z gzZ ]z% VgzZ Df ? 6,]gzp n
X N 0*
] z
z Y~gzZVLZ {z t~(,
yZX D

1998ag L Lu L

19
gP = u i
z kZ X H y ZPgzZ g !* +%
wq
S7,~: { -Z ~ [ t X M c*
k, C L L[
q ~g F *Z'
y ~ ,Z >XE4/ Hyg zZu]gzp X
-G
c*
C V2z Y7 ~}g !*
i+%Z
# ~~ c Z~ Xg
X c*
g !*
)g fi 7Z Vzgz' M yZ
~X ~g7 ~y
X] {z V
z gzZ
[ ZgzZ Z ~ X Z W, Ou" ~ ,*Z' ,Z i
+%
-Z SE
q 4GG
5G j4b-
$ wj X $ M F,
gzZ V KZ V
M F,
gzZBgzZ @*
Z Zg Z Z { c* akZ K(Z
i
w ~ w}{zX : 7,{ c* ,
i*Z' +%X
Dyzz@
Zi
gzZ 7, rX AZz Three R's._{gz ~ m,
KZgzZX 2 Z

142 141
! n yZ X gx gg$ ~ yZ( n # i 5 uu/ MX : { c*
i /yZX F, Z0
~ kZ wyZgz +i
YE
yV VLZ V;z gz?{z Z C-#F
# gzZX Zyg E $ZgzZgz'
Y X Za ~ Z yd {z X : { c*
i V ]
V ~ yZa kZ X Z (,~ / Zx **
}X B ~}g !* +
0 $ Y wj
i yZ yZ ~ X 7 x7Z "
c ZzyZ M 7!* c  ZgzZ?ZX Tg {e ,~}g !* +
0i CZ fgzZ~}g !*
LZ VrZ: X : Y7 ,
YE
g yZX D]!*
~~ ~ _ {zX ( zz g~g E
C-#F) X s1 47DyV**
kZp~X g gzZ Z (,
gzZ] Z f KZ vZX Hy
+'
%14h ZgzZ X -_ ~ bkZ X ~L ~gz? H qz 1 _ ,
V F{z X x M pgzZ y*Z' +%: X 7Z
Zi
+'
` a q h k0* #
w~ Z z kZ w 7Z
QZ
+ ZzyZ c* # v,ZY )
# kZ X 4 _ ~ bkZ X
~ g i Z y{ wgzZ~ Z H {z g CtV
_ZgzZB; *Z'
, +%Xg( C%Z
Zi
+'
~ X ;g m1 _ wg e V;z X a h gz? gzZ y
X ( Dx igz~~)
g D Vc*
.gzZX gB p #
ZGZ} i 5QgzZ yZgz#
i 5y{wgzZ zg g !*,+
' e$.*Z'
, +%z!*
Zi VzgzZ V **
x yZ
X [ Z _ ~yZgz ~gz?XgB
~~yZ:XyKZu 0*
V7 MgzZVU M x {zXyKZ [vgzZw
( x Y yp ) x Yez L Lx **
kZX Z yYvZ{z @ ~[  I #VnC
gzZ ~{z X i: M M z Z
Z ) : c*
X ( gwZX wY L gLzZ }g !* VzgzZ {z X u 0*
V5gzZ V KZ xzm<!* ogzZ ~
]
gz?sZX
g *Q [ Zz y!*
i _}y{w bkZ D'!*
~}g !* Y gzZ KZ {z X D'!*
F, gzZ !~
V' Zgz M x **
_~VzxX D{ Z_y{w~VE! Z _~ gzZ K*Z'
, +%X = c*
Zi M 7~ F,
,kZ c*
' ~kZ n~ yZX
gy{gX /Zz ( ~} :e ) ~ i kZ Vz
gzZ -ZyZw
~ n%~ fq /ZX x M q
z kZp -Z p ~
~ V yZ ) Z ha}gZ{ ( k }g  ) y<sZ X2
X Zz~ [ Z _{zy!*
i _[ Z c*
( _7, sz^~g Z kZzz ]gZ Z
z Z L L
V gzZ yZ { Z_ y{wZ #
) Z
zztz tzf ! Z [ Zzy!*
i _X ~
_L)
L x p ~[Z {z
@\N V _w {V X wj y_ 5 wj (Z V;z
_F H7 ` @*
y!*
i _ ~X S(,Zz{ c*
igzZ[ ZX hZz~
kZX aiz Za Y ~ w}gzZ Zy{X CY 1 -Z Zz6,uu Zk
q , z F z}X wJ M ] ~X ;g M
Z ) y
kZ C
X Za gzZ [ Z _gzZy_ y!*
i _= b # yZzt ZiZgzZ?ZVz yZgzZX Tg~ (
r 7

144 143
 gzZ% _ L)
 [Z X Zz x Zy_
L x ~: {
$. ZGZ}
_ L L u ZgzZ Cgzpe .X lpa }g
0*
} (, _X **
JB; ._o KZByZ ~X\~]g Z Z
# Xgxg ZgzZ}p
Vpsy{/y{}pr
/
V $.~ e M X Zk
ux yZ e ,+ _L )
5 L x
X {@x
6,} i Zzg
z y!* -Z
$z :7 }g ( PB ) Pz i Z izg q
? H{Z_yZ~X c*
uv~X !*
C Z=gzZ g Z%
Vzg 
X (q-Z
Y
H&
20 - E@xxj%gzZ ( $Z Z y ~)g (Zy!*$zt
X
$. X g g uZ e _ L
e L c*
C VrZ
(yZt X Yc*
p6,
: (ZXce **
nz kZ ~g ,ZX@ L Lu L
1998s6

, VrZ /_
z'
O X H { M { . Zg V
/u! ZgzZ
$7Zc g:yn,
f z6,g y d
$ Hc*
uZ e ~g [ ZX +gi
w$ +Z _L L
z!* $Vzt X Y c@
W M :7 y!*
kZX :7 5Z
D y q
yZ e g2 -Z ` V- kZ X { M w$
+zg kZ ~ e M
zgzZq
M ~ ~ e M W M :7 .gzZ~ ;~ T
-ZX ZG Z}
X gw x **
gzZ [ Z uZ e \ M ; gzZ
>2l c*
CkZ2X cyn,
z6,g gzZ x **
xZ c*
CgzZ
wz{i @*
l x ** g ]!*
Z X t ?VB\ M=gf~Zg
Xt ZW M yZ gzZ]gzptX

146 145
*Z{ ZP}X Lg ~g Y C
Z' & **
,LE /Z X @*
,( Z -Z ~
X a _ , yZ [ Z _L Ly*q
V-{x~{ Z ~ F.C.RX ;g ~g Y w Ft ~ R y{ M @*
V ( 5Z )Z ggzZ - +~ _X c*
zPE .
ZV~ _ b & Z ZG Z}
X CY q k B # /ZQ X @*
C % Y 3g ~ k CB y*Z M X C ]gz b & Za kZX Niu }g
B~l Z ~g Z bkZX CY ~ k B q zZ~ l Z X ~ _ L ) Z,j~6,kZgzZ 1| 7,
L x tX Z
|4OX ;g @*
YH $g" wEZ l Z6 kZ~y 0*
!*H3g~k
X yg?N* -ZgzZX Hg ZGZ}
t X q .p?N* -Z
} g q
X g C,l Z Z ZVc* /V- {(~[ gzZ
g !*
gzZI bZ= ~ !* ]gzp X o !*
-ZX ?N*
ygX ~q !*
g m, /, l Z kZ Z
g L L VrZ g # *Z'
,ZO 1X 7 { c* /Z ) { 
i yZ~p _g Zz ~i Zq"{
bT ~g \
+Z ]gzp VrZ ~ TX ~ Zz 
~ i Z0 -Z x **
[ q t !*
!*
ygX
I ^gzZ ( V yZ bkZgzZ D ~
 X b] q c ZwWn V- {( cZi b Z' F
%N -Z o !*
X
bq yggzZ og+X bg+B**
!* o
gZg!*
$ ZIF,
XgZzd 9 izggzZg .z ?Z X Lg\~ x LZ q
iz%Z)** -ZC
~: {
# X g Zz ,q
gzZ y{ w~ ) Z -Z%q-Z ~: { ~ zg Z c  g Z ) Zi M g7gag
F,
E"
} #}g q -Z7 -Z _7,~gz?sZ ( E1E
-eZizgq y{g eg ~X gq B c*
>i Zg =ggzZ xsQ c*
D: Zzg
,
X M uk $. LgX 7L kZ ZX c*
ie M~ 2Z)** xX @*
izg Z x a z Zg Zy{ Y T

wC c*
{:z kZgzZX ] ! .x **
gmkZgzZ jZ} kZ ` X D Y: Zzg v^gZR, { CoX @*
eQ M: { x ya
Y V ; z Z X
Dy V @* _y*zy {z~ V-u # X sz^~ M ~ e M gzZ ~g Z
` Z eyZr
ZX @*
7,gzZ }Qx izg &z k0*
yZX _7,~ ;gE- c*
H !*
}7Z Zz :7 ` gzZ X Z ~g ? ~ e M y X D Y }
ag izg v y V @*
Y V;zQ c* /
X [ Y% F{z | /
g /,l Z
V-{(V yZX` wg
/M {z bkZX V TggzZV
{zZX [VFgzZ { Vzm,
Z ~ y kZ X l Z y 0*
L L; y *
E
zz Vz!*
]y ~ i kZY X ;g yV; Vz!* X C Z Vc* /nkZ , F.C.RcgZZJG
g .2H
4&
y Z6,
^x jZ}.X ~h y H)&!* / **
Z Fy X g @* +t a VE ~ y 6 0*
Y 7xV-{( {Z kZ
X @*
j)g f+ R, /
{ b l Z gzZ w& F.C.RQX )zg Vu (
c*
] ! g V yZ X ;g y y{ wgzZ Zizg & c* .
z j Z} +'
{ b h ~ kZ { b Q C: t# /Z kZ X @*
a

148 147
 YG!
.X
D c*
jZ} .Zzpg p~
z} ( gz kZgzZ V] !J
- Z E
 Z 4Eg E
5H -Z ~ yZ X _7,~gz? D
54h q
.X | 7,yR!*
X Z~g ZTwZ jZ} +
}g {zzz Zh X FZ .pX
mjZ} ) ) }g
-Z 9; q
Vz {za kZX Tg~ {#q -Za y{wgzZ~X c*
M k0*
1998#X@ L Lu L
X Za p yZ a kZX N /ugzZ '!*
y Z X ; g y
. y{w~@izgq
jZ} -ZXDIV,Zy{w S
1 z}
.Xg x ** Zz y0* .Z jZ}
z} .{zX ]5
YE
~ VzgZg egzZ VzR, 5G
gZR, 4h!]! S~ Vx {zX : m{
/X igizg kZX Lg k0*
V V4Z Z ZX w=
z kZX @*
z kZ ua yZ` M X ~@{z ;g~ ] !gzZ@Z {z~
y0* +y
MpgZh
X Dg )yZgzZy0* gzZ ~!
~Vg
&
X @*
LB k0*
zg c* .X g~}R,
}pz} b gzZ D Y
izg kZ X c* Z {zgzZ X 5 7
M : { -e Z {zy{ w~
q Z
,
k -Z kZ X @*
q
Z 0*
y{ wgzZ @*M: {  Z { z
;g Z By{w{z ~ T !*
n dgZ: { -[ Z
J
Hn%
gzZX ( ( jZ}
.)z} X
. t y{wgzZ: {
X (u" {z
e p vh
{zX h +' [Z~V!* .
kZX VxmjZ}
X@* ,
Wu5' gzZ@*
# {v"~}g!*
])yZgzZb)Z
. Zt
MgzZX ZIxZ(,~Vz~ e M z}
,F.C.Rg y
-xy
J M gzZ c* -ZZ X {z}g7 w&h
q + Hc*
X
g !*
zg LZ Zz y0*.V;zX ;g *
z} @Y g ZTgzZ ]! {zQX 7U kZ
/z}
[ ZX M ~ ~ ] ! ~g ( g !*
.X Lg\~ zg6 {z

150 149
 /
iz6,+ Zg ZVx z0*
g ZX _ g$]
$x Zx#x?aZgzZ u O%Ze
gzZe $u X
,
X gzigzZ ~k Z X **
l]1 .a t x ZgzZ Vx
4z]
.x kZ X ~ ] !
4z] c*
g Sq ] yZ @%i
/,l Z l]1
{bgzZ g Z Zt q
/,l Z {z M @*
g p6,@%iX a
g D 
X ~gzZ

3x , L L p q c*
-ZgzZ l{zZ Vz: { M~Y
{z ~ w}X V ` ,Zg f ~}g !*
Z : { .Z e
ZGZ}
zVa% ZGZ}
Zl . ZZ 0
+ Z
i: {# X
,~y
MgzZwzZ
21
Zy.6,p: Hy.6,: ~ hg#
i 5% c* ,
wZ e {ke~kZ
p6,t X H qz *
*  -Z V2z wZ
L L{ izg86 q
.X c*
wj Z y ~ qz 6 ZGZ} x ZZ : c*
ZIx ZZg: YG!
-Z V2z : {
mt X Zg zy yZ q X @* E
Z  54h
B @ ~uz X C~%W g M k0*
{z X k ua YN
yZX Zwjx **
yZ X Z Za Vzi +% zy !* M
, VrZ yZgz kZX xi 5~%Zg W
z kZ~R'
y*zy Y
H-E
XNq -Z &{k ,
egzZ ~m
,Yg zZ V'=gzZ VY <
{^ Z V !*
i V KZ ZX VZ
E 7ZX @*
**
Y ** . l]1
M ZgzZ ZGZ} Z { C o k0* /
w j
~x c* Mk
Z ~y B {zX Z V KZw G5BZZgzZ{ZyZgz kZX 1
yZ ! gzZ q
4z -Z V 4Z X xH ~g
X VZyZk
, ,
ZgzZ yZkZ
@%igzZwj /X Z Zg b yZ Y:X @%i x **yZX
~ Z * Z ~ w}yZ ~V gzZ Z x !Z k
BZ# YE
Z ~ w}X ~ 5G
l]1 Z
4h! y @%i X Tg D M : {
-y
i 5 DgzZg~ ZJ
X ~ hg# M {zX
Hc* $ Z ~T Z
r~ .

)
p{zaX q ~g Z L L{izg8 w j
/ }gt
Y V;zY yQy{wgzZ~X @*
c* 7 w yZ
Z~ ~ M
)
Z Y gzZ ~ 7,h ]!
c*g ~ga kZ X {!* c*
]! g
$7<Z1ZcB V wjLZ {z ~ w}X D
~ f YG!
l]1 ZX@%igzZ l]1 +Z
Zi L LX c*
0* ] !
gZ g E
c* 54h
-ZX TgByZ c*
yQ%| M q = +F,
zg ZuX Tg~ yk
152 151
 X V; zaY
KZ {zY /Zz & / gzZ 0
+ Z + # Z e
i ZZ r
{zX
s z u 0*
V7 M yZ {zX s17L~}g!*
VYyZgzZ] Z f
}uzggzZZg yZ Lz ZgzZ X LzZ Z (, yZ gzZ X
yKZ q
-Z
X ;g @*
V KZ
a
pgmFg7 Z oV _{z Zx Z%q
yZgzZX
n -Z
.Z
x ~ gizg lgzZ X
g q{ gzZ& b V _ x Z]
~q{X c* ,
wZ e {keDgzZXyIDD k bV KZ
+{ y{/Zy{ m<!*
yZ0 gzZ 2Zp yIX g Dz
22 ZgzZXD HgyZ {zX g 4zgzZyZ
yZ: {
y{x9 yZ y{Qy{Z d
W y{/ZpX D M Y
g rL Z } (,r
yIY : { # ZG Z}
. z}g \
zz  Zy{" gzZ yZx ** pX D M: {
: {
+
4Zh X yKZ+ $.X C] 5
e yZX D M H7,
X [ Mf TX
-u
wgzZyZt X qJ a ZGZ}
. pgzZz Y ZGZ}
.V( ]gzpz ~ ~eZ wZ %q
-Z c*
=
-Zr
gzZq # ZGZ}
.X 0* gzZ$fbkZ
lgz6,yKZ. V(t Y7 ~ X I{z Z
# X c* # Z eX M
g \ 7Z r
{gt g Z}
M: { . c* -ZX D c*
%q .
M g Z} yZ c*
C gzZ 1x ** $. VrZ ?y
 Z Z xj% x Z GZgzZ e
Hg66,
3 ya g izg yZ kZ "
$gzZ ~g izg "X yZ {z Z Z VrZ {zyZ 7 c*
= [ZX V(
.} (,
z X M a{gt ZGZ}
{gt gzZ7, LZ {zX y{/X r -[ Z Zz kZX 7c*
# Z e J 1x **
yY WZ
.g Xa
X |4i g Z} Y r
# ZG Z}
.Z eX
D M yIZ
# [ Z y{ i * y{'
i 5 ~guX 7g izg" L ~ ZGZ}
hg# .p X
D Y1yZ
! Z {z p q
: { -ZX C7 $Z6, ZGZ}
~ qx f .z!*
pg/[p x .
m `g/ X n $ Z {zX
) !*
M x 1998y X@ L Lu L

154 153
yZ {Z_ yZ k0* W y{ *Zr
iZ yYvZ M d # M $ Z 7Z~ w6,
kZX 5x .
x -EL LyzgV1gzZ Vzg Z~g Zi !*
yk6,f
$7+Z ( 7gz { c* ) VrZ V yZX yk
i: { Y V;z Z
# ZGZ}
.X uZ ZY qgzZ/ZY q z
y ZgzZ yY yG M Lg yZ yYvZ M X V;z 3g6,tZ z }g DX D 0*
/Z R sz^gzZ ~ V37Z D Y
HngzZX A g BZd
X WLgZ
[ ZV X !*
]! I[ Zg/Z R X !*
FmyZX ] 5 ~g
.Z e V gzZ yZgzZyYvZ MkZ
m(Z ZGZ} gq ~} Z ! gzZ D ,Y q
z kZ /Z yZg Z'
4 7Dpr
yYvZX # Z e ]J
-Z
# yYvZ Z X D
z yKZ e
yZ {+gzZ $.X ~ w$
+ ZGZ}
.Z e ] ~ .Y:
yZ X VzZ e | whu ZG Z}
X Dg \ Z eX
X D Y a_gzZ D Y D M: { # Z e {z X Bq
r -Z ~ VJZ 7Z {z 4z Z yZ
+p VziZ q
Z zz $ -Z {zX Dh
+y
{gt2 # Z e a I _ VrZ X Dx Z GZ gzZ ]
Z e X 3g *Q CZ r
+
X ]~0i CQgzZ .X VZzggzZ % yZ ~ m,
: Zizg ZGZ} #
Z *Q _ r
jZ}.i
+% x ** yZ q
y Z X : { -Z c Z~ x c*
Z 4Z -Z X Z e ~y gzZ 8g- O%Z ~ yZ X D Y J 7,7Z
 X y{ W%q
E
X V 1G4$i  | ezmyZX}~cZ/ { zX # Z eX y{y!*
r $gzZi Z @e
$.X @? ~Sh C
.X
~ Vzg Z g R
j Z} y{vZ {z Z x~ gzZ zg QgzZ ~ m,
Z _X
g F, $.r
iZ e # Z eX 4z yZ
yZ X **
Z c %~ c Zy 0*+g {z X M 6,r
-i # hv~}uzq
X
M -Z~p Zx gzZ M
X **
c Z%~ g @* /
Z x Zz6,c  {z t S yZ X Dx k {z X R,
k. # Z e
gzZiZ r
ci Zz M ~ y!* +
i kZgzZ ~ 1952h X Z qz ** /
x Zz6,~ y!*
i c D zg QgzZ b [ ~ m,
Z  }pm{z X D v
6,yZ
/
/
~ VzgZgzZ V' Zz6,~ c Z{z X r
# j Z}
.{z ~ /
bgzZ D M F,~gzZ 6f Vz
yZX D / {z J 7,7Z
/
g [ X AZz V' Zz6, S4gzZzgQ Z FX 0Q
/ ** ep ~
Xf
#
yQ~ yr Hc Z~ Z
# ~ X D 1 x **
j =gzZ c* izgq
M y{Z V y{ *Z{ ZP~: { -Z
VyZ {z X * MgzZ ^g M {z [ ZyZ X ]5 { ZP }Z Zi R y{ZXceR, -ZaVr
k YZ q # { ZP
X yZ g!*
gzZ$f X!* yZX @*
c* {zzz yZDx yy{x YlbN
M: {
# Zgezg6,V yQ
kZX v L L*zyg~ ms # ZG Z}
gzZX Zg {zX r
.Ug ~X ]o: {

156 155
r Play landy~i!*
# X c* # ~ w
a V -I r X hZ X my Z Kg 0* +ZX
+& /z6,$ ` Zg.
z
gZgzZ gy 0*
( ) y{` ugzZ ( } (,) y{` Zcd
WVz X
gXDx ~kZ $ ` Zg.
V Zz: { gzZ@
# ` ZuY:X
` ZcX 7
] r z yZ **
,` uI F,
' zk0*

gz' k MgzZ ZGZ} Z ~X %&Z
.gzZ l]1 ) ) !*
# ZG Z}
r .7-e Z ezg b X Lg
z kZ y{ # X w Zg t X M g C47Z kZ @*
LZ X H { Z_ V Z
+Z q
} 9X \ 5 gzZ Wi Z0 -Z CZ Xy{ ` ZuV;z X ~ ~i !* # Zg Z Z X D gz`hZ C g k0*
L L~ ms }g
G
X D "%gzZ y8g Zp m,
nn~ V n%t X ' '!*
}9 5( L L
# BX B `hZgzZg gzZ F ML L L L H
Z
a (Z =gzZ D qz ** } (,r
3 VZ ea}' # ZG Z}
. X
Bx Z DlpgzZ 6,
ViZX @*M {'
Z (,

# ` ZugzZ a yZ t 4 (Z X D{g 
: X wa r Z x **
gzZ [ Z m*6,Zz6,ezg~ ~uZ
/e
$.%q
-Z
X )Z
ta}X wo
X?
H:gzZ M { CogzZ ZGZ}
~y .Z~X g 0*
c*
+L L~g
0
6,Zezgl
g MgzZgZi !*
1~ zg Zi !*
1 bZ
6,3ZzX
, ~u: {
@~ mZ v M L LX Z wq Z'
z *zy q
-Z yZ X Zz yz ~(, ] c* /
z Z %6, 46,X
I ,q ]gzpx * 7ZX
<g MgzZg 2p ZGZ}
.X
@*
g x 
/ V;z D Y: { X 7 c*
[Z = x **
}g \ X H*
{k ***
`yZX I yZ*gzZ !* pg ? CZ~
X
n
/
yZX %LO .X D YIV;z ZG Z}
%Z~t Z ZG Z} . X B
.
X CZ ZG Z} ~kZgzZyzt 4X "gzZW~i Z0
+Z Z y r
yZ~c ZX c Z:Zz{g~: { # jZ}
.
-Z
q
zz yZX {g ZD z [8gzZgz6, e
$.q
-Z r
# Z e bZ +X X yZ {z D M c ZZ
$ # ZG Z}
.gzZZX
g ' '5
+~ [ Z x **
Vi{z X V [ w $ yZ X y!*
$}g {z q ~gF ~| ez V LZ~9J (,r
~ ~ # jZ}
.
nn~TX @*
Z & ~N*
gq-Z CZ yZX Dx VzgzZ X c* 7Z X
`D b~{zX
gg Z*
{g ** z
g Zi !* # t LX D B ~g 8
~g Jr -g 8
-ggzZ /m{zX Z3,
4z KZFgzZ {z # ZGZ}
4zgzZr .
k0*
c* yZ X k0*
!** M ezg b LX X ? B0*
~y yKZ}g\ gzZNgzZZ~}%ikZ4z yZXD70*
g
$. X D '!*~ g gZD
g\ e # ZGZ}
yZ r .} 9 } 9 +Zzi**
yZ Z~aX NgzZ}g\ iZ0 . yZX

gzZ" ZGZ}
t@*M {'
XN Xe gzZ Z X gSkS yQ ~ @*
y{`u
];C {Z_
1998 X@ L Lu L -Z\5ezg b gzZ ezg!*
}V` MX?q ?ezg b

158 157
 +I 0*
Zi%V [Z X gN 7 { h ,}g
V Z+ ( vg )
# z4h
;s + wkZ}g Zg t
"
Zg gi M M M ! g3+ } Z m,
zx !*
,+ r
: lp Vg ) # M
,
:F

!1Z } Z
{ s M M gi M Z #
/zg + Vg )
Z , kZ ZE
L 8 
$h
gzZ Z e+].TX 7 c* # Y: [Z
r
,}g X ;gZi a~g
` V FwtgzZg avg )
Z Zz kZgzZ ;g Zi M q
gzigEZ m,
D 1. -Zy ;g M 23
gzZ ] KZ m,
g6]!2Zpzz Z6,X=g f Vz@q
-ZPgzZ
,{z[ ZX` Zz\
{T hg Ug6R' X ]%Z ~}g Zz Z ~ 0
:{ +i ~g ~ 1953
y 0*
c* c*
g ] !y{ a  Zz ~ g SgzZ ~ !*
M a ~ Z6,KZw c* z vg )
gzZ ,}g ( /e
zk Q )X ;g Y| $h
+].
.pX ._ %yZgzZ oz[ Z i Z q~
}]g Z}
gzZ W,
O { i @*
{ i @*
I F,
gzZ xcX T e ** .(
` 4z]
( X K
bkZ ,z ~ s Z Vt 0*
4c*
g ] ,[ X 3 Z Z}
) . xc: s e
$h
+].: vg )
,}g X
y
, zX N Yat ~g/V ^
,Y gzZ ZZ" ) Kg 0* ,F r
~c Z jg k' #
B ] !*
k +
tQX ] gzZfg {0 +
i~T Y{g z {0i ]g # )
(r ,y{zzyZXghZz ( i
zkZg ZZ KZX ^
X 7x ,Y
~gzZ D~ -[ ZgzZX
~zg ZJ $ Z {z=gk
gzZd ,gzZ w
 X ~ VP M : kZ X x 4c*-Z ] !
gq c*
g 6,yZ[ZX W,O V' ZgzZ[ ZIF,
{ zX M
E"
A dZ yZfZ 2
sZe ~ $ b y 0*
` M Z @*
Y Zg L V ,izg yZ E1E
iz' xl]1
y{g Z Z { C o ~ ;: {
W y 0*
}g Z L zgzZ ZGY KZX

X DZ~ bkZ X g Y q s0*
W n2gzZ ** yZgzZ ] !y{
Y
+> Zg 4zxsZ KZ ] !y{yZgz
z kZ b ZZ
gzZw}g w yZgzZ F
C vZy Z }gZgzZ Ca W, Ox

160 159
v F~Zz kZgzZ X ZL{g ) K]!y{t ~g {Z_ b x H{nyZyZ 7g x ** +
WZZ
W  H~ y 0*
# Zi%g\x x t X }g
~g/ 6 r $ bC
e -yZgzZ >gzZX c*
q ZIy~ LZ~ ] !| l,
e
I F,-gz'
q }g Z Z ~g/X ;g| (,se
$g/gzZ F,
~! ~(, +e 7Z y{g c*
t gzZ ~ ~0 z kZ ] !y{
X Hg Z
Z
g ]!aX # ` Z%gzZwZgzZ #M%Z -Z X S7,~!g O%Z ~ ]!*
q -yZ ~0
t ,z X ~a q +e
} Z7g { eZg{eX c* +Zi%g\X H Z
M:B; h$ B` i Z # rq
r -Zy{f Zzh
+ 0kZX HwP{gz ] ! y{
Hc*
y{ [- Z w gzZ ` X +o 5 Zg @X lzz | q
g$ -/ X Hy{kZ
kZX sZrt X
HQ 0*
6,Vz Zg Z ~g/WZZ
+X we#
, ZZz
gzZ R' z kZ LZ Vzm,
Z
) !*
7Z m{ H~ y 0*
dKZ ~ kZ ~ X 6, c*
/Z
g Trucial{z t ] !y{ n
LZ
X Y kZ b yg Z {  h {g {z ~ D Vzm,
X
M Z e xg ~ ]g
+g c*
-i +Z w M~ zg Vz@ 4c*
& gyZ
X Y ~ F, c*
g
,
Zk ,
yz yZ ~gzZ ZZk z Z
z kZy{
$ e g Z HHyZ ~ Zi M ] !~Z {g
Zg V ]! y{1X H
-Z~f r
ZxJ # y{X Hq Z
xcG
+LZgzZ ~g m,
~zgz b ZWZZ ?t Vzm,
Z~
,
D `g Zk w !* +
gzZg&y{ VrZ X g j g} Q
X [ Zh!*
DZvZzX c* -yZgzZ b Z,/_
B q .4zxsZgzZ
y{X H z o M y{]!* ,j_ yZQgzZX
)
C
g yZ( *Z M y{ t
{eyZ( 3,
y{ i Kg 0*
DZ ]! X ; e **
wEZ a LZ g Z
X H qz *
* ZHgzZ c* yjZ X H ` Z s
H6,g eg !* c*
g
!*
Vzm,
Z6,yZJ
-Z
# Xg D"
$U*
6,x LZ ] !

/O z X
g Z- :a wg Hc*
7Z=g f y{~
% ] 1 ~%Xg D]q &Z~x 4c*
g ]! :
g6,] !y{ c* -Z~XBNgyZ ;
zq
M (Z HH{yZ0
+i
v ~ YgzZ `za dZCX H V^
,Y**
VrZ ~
ZX
wV- zZg~T  gzZi%g\
HH6,] !~#
Cc*
Zzpg(gzZ . c*
dZ q H Zv y g6,
Vz Z
+egzZ
% ~ ~0 H3gya/{n)HyZgzZ WZZ
+._
!*
Vzm, ,6,
Z1X" ~fyZX H^ Vz Z Vo
$ #
Y He y 0*
t ~ y{) X ]!*
Zz
]!gzZ c* yZ VrZ D:
{e VzpVo Z'
,
yZ 7Z} ^2- ] !gzZI yZg { yZ(V2c*
gg e ] !
X c* +
g$ c*
gVzg7Kg 0* Zz)g fVzg Zu?Kg 0*
gzZ c* DZ
6,
X
HHg
/ Z (
Hc* ,
{Z'ux ** , V2c*
Z'
g
z R
y~yZgzZ` {g ,
y{ )gzZy{
162 161
 g Z X H qz bB yZQX M ~ yZ Tg!*
h+ F,
gzZ
Hc*
7 sX +~ y{Z g ^ b  0*
w$
Xg '!* LZ {z
x t V2z R
# y{c Z%Cy{gzZ)
r , -Z
Zxy q
c*
XM]! g L L0* -Z V;zgzZX ?Z
Y( )^q
+x ! zZ 6 6 ` kZ Z
w$ # X 7 c*
x **
L L~ zg
W6,yZ ]% ] !*
yZgzZ%Kg OZ yZ X 0*
X Zz
X 0 #yZgzZ

24 1998~ZX@ L Lu L

+ Z kZ V2z vg )
{z lX Z gh ,gzZ x H}g
X DQnx] ;zkZ c*
X D (Z ~ OZ
+
h 7Z X qz **/ z6,kZ Z : /X yZ
g
~]g>6, yZ D: wJ6, g6f X :/{ c*
i
$ ~ i
# y{1 L F
Zr L .7x kZ Zx~X 1tx
G
+ a H V ~g e J e X ~/ y{g c*
n
e B; 6,
: xX f Zy{ pX
gzZ ] y{g c*
z ` Z'
Xa|0 } _XaH+x X
DVY {z (Z @*
+!*
6,y yZ {fZ r
# y{gzZ)
,j_ c*
=
5Z Z Y@ Zz+ @* - b xgzZ ~ X g agzZ
g 8
# y{ b 1X D
yZX 1 B; VrZgzZ r

164 163
g ZX g ZX[ ZX c*$_e j ~ ~ m,
Cf ZZ xX ( x Z_(, X : @*
L k0* $D X: y{
y{gzZ OX CY e
**
` p :Zzg Z {z X kZ ! hc*
X x ** $e
x cG
Z T
{ Z_}g yY ;oX : Zzg@g e J e y t x 
+
]g nX , 7(Z / h y{ X T e g (Zi Z gzZ+X
{za5Z ZgzZ Zz ~h x
gzZ ~ Zbr VrZX@r # X ~ w~ X ;gg (Z
# Z # X yKZ lZ p e
s ~uz Z $. {z X : Zzg
X c* x ]g Z Z y{ zZ L L
!Zj Z / V;z qu qgzZ V: {q @*
t Z X D Yg D
z Z L L 1954y J X c*
yZ {g Z w= x -ZPz6,
X DkZ}uzq
z3Zz: {
ezg }
M zZ#31X Z qzH~]g Z Z
~]gy{Z- p6,~y [ZgzZ X _Cy{g c* # y{~n
Zr kZgzZg Z
-ZgzZX|tgZ Zg$g M z ~ TX Z 
x ,q -Z
~ ^Cq +Vg)
X$ ,LZ
X y{ Zg L L;3g x ** ,
kZ gzZ g k -Z ~ g yZ ~
q
Z
Vc* xgzZ ~ ~0*
6,
z Z L L : #
~ kZ X
T e y b
HHC
t ~ kZ X y
X c*
w +R, 7e~~h { c z
~gzZ@ ~ T / Zg7 q
{gzZ ~g/
# -Z X : x 4c*
ggzZ ~g Zu
# ~ [Z
gzZkZ( ?7 Vz[Z Y: ) 4gzZ Z Z ,c*
y' 4c* .a
g: X Vg |: ~kZX,4z]
X Cg)=y{X @* ?gz
k\Zu"VmZe {& -ZX i q
X x ~g/gzZ Zq Z
L6,y{ ( ^
,Y**
~ w} IWZY ) N~g T~gzZ Z
~ ezg b z x { C o l]1
Zx 

F6, $
F +{z 6,] r - CZ f
# y{yZ X CY VJ X S7,k
IZ ,KZ ~X~Fq
-Z6,w26,
zZ~kZX A
,j_X y{#
X :) 5s@Zg QgzZX /ZgzZ iZ Z
~| x "7,X 56,
gkZgzZ H
7ZX ]gzpgzZ yZ X ,@*
VjZgzZ ] !*
.;
_ y{ 6,gzZ Vg Z~gzZ k
, h zg Z&zz "7,
{z X M
XZp by],
!* gzZ YZ
eg {z ] zZ X 4 YZ k] x **
LZgzZ}gzZ c* +Z ]gzpe
ZV~ i Z0 $.Z VrZOX V ZV
C c l70*
gzZ^1 nm{ {zX D~zc kZ yZ gzZ D )
X Z kZ
%q -Z c*
bhZ= X D ZzZ m,
e V\ IgzZ gZzgzZ 1X D Zzg Zg L LX g } zg F x Z gzZ g
z k Q S
]g @*
gt X ~ yZ k0* e Z G 1H
45
G7 ~ w'yZ Z# kZ Zt kZ X `g Vc*
nZ6,tgzu y
V;zy{X Zz6,gL x ** o6,
]!_ gZzg ~h N Qu gZ L LH m,
M ) ? ~x **
kZgzZX,Kg 0*
._g

166 165
 X M:~~%0* ,]ZgzZx yZX N
'
yZX g Z g OZ6,lC
!* Hc*
( { Z_yZ yY:gzZ y{xZ ~ ) gzZ
-{ b { Z_ V FgzZ)
~ HJ ,~ w}y{ c zz Vg !* !*
~ ww kZ X } 9C H
B}g y{ X
~g kZ1X 7 e**
{ 6,fX e~
tY: V;zX g $.y{X ]gzpgzZ s zz ~!u
~ k]]gzpgzZ lpe
Z{ egkg {z bgzZ X xgzZ Z X x **
eg kg 0 YV\ Inm{gzZgZz)  nm{nm{k
gz kZVE*
X c* He
~pZ V2z ~{X f}u{zXK { se
$ggzw
/g Z lp( n
~y{X ~
n5!* H
y{~ -[ Z~}"
X J
XTg D>s~(,X
gzZ
ig Hn Y: y{
yZ gzZ 'yZQX V~ e ~
-Z {z V yQX :Zz B
q Z VrZgsq
1998mX@ L Lu L Vgz kZ yQ 8L L~w}{zX ~y
E
X Zzg Y ~V 1G4$mXX
g ZigtX 
~
Hc*
@X Zg { Z'
Y :7 w , Hy{
z kQ
X ~9]g q!2z c(kZ[ ZX Zz6,uayZ` M { e Z'~
-Z Zu T~~B; q
:7 q -ZyZX
Hc* $f Z ~Ty{
{ e Z { e
o X yyB}Y: X aY7Z X Zz
z Yy{ )xj%{ C
ZgzZ (
wy{XVgzl]1
X ( Y q c*
( x[ !*
g Z ) 'z X nz Y )gf '
# yZY )X D M aY)
C M@Z , #
@Z
CaY yZ
/ZX D~gzZy{x Z L( D[
@y{
: k0*
}g  @*
9zg&ztZ 'X D M y{x ZgzZ~ D~
X @*
Z{y{gzZ=c*
pX @*MBn
w LZy{x ZX @*

$.{zX ~
X gz$gzZ ~e q kZy{ Z
# 6,'
'!* -g!*
yZ X q -g !*
gzZ zz ~gz$X q ,z yQi Zz M

168 167
 X Le7{e Y yZ
+
y1]Zgh {z_7,X YY 7Lg " y{
~], $. yZ X Tg {z Z
Z e ]gzpgzZ hZ 7Z X ]gzpgzZ s e
Vzq yZ [ xZ Z 7Z X I RgpgzZ w!*
gzZ dZgzZ ]gzp
yZgzZ jg iug !*
Z]gzpq -ZX c Z'
-Z %q
gZ LZgzZ D lpNZ ba {z X c*
c Z V
+
7Zh pgV \ { c*
Xn -Z g Z LZ Z {z X D `g ~ ~],
i q Ze
{ YZ yZgzZ V-g
V KZx gzZ V'7ZX @* /y M
7Z y{ xx **
TyKZ d
$Zz J0
+Zq
-ZX C
( c*
) yZUFyZ {z~w}X *Z CZ 7ZgzZ x Z GZgzZ] 25
>s*F y{ yZX c*
3*ZgzZF c  7ZX ;g
+
Xb 4Zh ,
g ZO g~w}X k ~ ^w7ZkZXg { ~ wY: y{
gzZ y!*
g zg ZX tu" %~ i KZgzZI~ y{ H3g
X
~ m,
c : gz{z D Y V X H { .Z VrZ ~ Z  $
kzg ~ X @ d +
~ 0i y{
+L g y!*
n F VrZX Sg r$ i yZ bkZX D g Z "7,
yZX J 7, ~}g !* +
0igzZ ~ +Z
7 g&
c X ]g! 7ZgzZX ~ ~
* bkZ ,i 7ZX C M t/= ~ 7 gzZ y{
yZgz v'
x Y X
x Vz +Z yZ !* y ~
i Vz ig ~
-Zx 
_ q {z%Z : % Y k0* HH ~% Y
y{ X
: ~}g !* -
ug x YJ z kZX y{ ~%x **
ug ` LZ c* 0gzZX D ZQ~ V **
D H 7 + VX
~0 R
/g Z
ug c*
X  y*~g Z c*
)x c  :gzZ [ V LZ ( ) Zi M ~ ) X D c* +
" %$
/
gzZ Zg ~C
 +Z yZ c*
igzZ!{z { i Z0 z kZ y{
C y{ x Z Pz X k0*
] n yZ z| l,
e ^wa
c*
Ct y {X @*M Z~G
g V;zx *
*t X
vFx YV; z c*
C X ] @HX F D y{gzZ
g D'!* W e! D
X x **
Zzugx Y X B}g J
-gz y{X D: ZzgV LZ3 Z !*
zx 
Q

170 169
 @e ? wXK V~- i +gg Zt Za a -% y{= ]!*
~ [ {z @eBgz 8 Z
a  VrZ ZV- a ZX ] Y {k , eG1H
45
G7 {zX H ,Vz [ ~ T
gkZ @e ~ w }X 
Y
F
Y: y{gZ1  C -X H ~X H y{x X H ~ VzD z Popular Poetry of the BalochesL LX [
H 
$.a y!*
~gze i c t gzZ X ,{ M vgzZ X H VzgzZ [ X f Z bZg Zuz gzZ wX s M g x ** 9X
-Z X 7 c*
q
. ZgzZ
}
X # .Z]
=tX Z] .q
-ZC
1X
~Vz k0* ~ 1907 y
}X 
# MgzZ
e
7 y{ Zy{ r $Hy{ *Z M
, ZX@ L Lu L
1998' \ LZg Z KZx **
r# M VrZ~ _6,X
$6,s M ^ M/[ tX 7r
P1X g. # M [ [c*
*
*tB
Z k0* +Z z r
y{  ci # a Za [ w
# a
r [
z kZ X c* 7Za @ $6,~gZ b
@e.
wa [- ZgzZ}O Zc 
X ~R,
s Mgx H L L= yQ )
~gzmYX N 
H a} 9 gzZ @V1X ;g 7.
q~  X zz
-
X ( }ga}J
t]g X6, Z c*

D 1. V
VrZgzZ ] 5Zax H c* # %q
M c Z~ Z -Z
~ c*
Y: { "7,h
+ X c*
3= T e * {z [ {z CZ
* 
kZgzZX HIgzZ {z y{ c*
Ct VrZ= X ;g 8
LZ[ {z a Za~ X Z
\ Y ay Z,j~~x
[ X
6,x ~ ]g
) Z O Z c 
,
z kZgzZ[ X `g `ZyZgzZk
Za6,l7
/]gzp
$i {h
X [ d + ~ Zz 
~\ ZD]gzp} (,
[
Z lz ~(,k Z Za V' Z x H IwP

172 171
 gzZ V' Z * ~y{~
Vz nkZX ~
+Z y {
LZ { z gzZ z{ b y{VM Vc*
~ L
+F,
x **
+yZk
$ , g{zVz'**
Z Zz3,
0*
X ax Z
~[zZx **
;g { Z_V-{nZVzg ZD /wM~+- Z
g Z
Zi M gzZy{ bZ X ; g M 7~ f [ Z k\Z x **
yZ X
X W, ! zZ Zk
g CZ1Z
O ~ ,ZgVz )
c* yZ~c  Vz Zi MgzZ
= X KBc w^Z ~
$z yZ- ]gzp C ( jg ) i
e +%a y{
g l]1
hZ Fa: { Z [ bZX Z 
~ 2-
-ZX CZ1Z z ~ yZX ~ ~ m,
q ZgzZ~ g 26
[ ~uzgzZXay{  ci +Z zX yZ- C[
I$
kzg EhFg hZ ~ g
C Z1Z[ NZ x gz LZ {z V @*
]Z } gzit ~}g !* y{
x ** T g ~ ~ m, -Z X HF,~ g
Z [ hZ q x Z)

yiZ L Lsq 4){ c*
H5H
-Z KZ VrZ X  G
i
u" = T [ c*
**
[ Z X [ t X Articles and Pamphlets; ,ZpD
{zX  4E
0G Z~ ( 
$ y{X
y]:S VgzZ
# Z 'tX w5
XD a}g r VZzl V9 Vzgz'
c* V > VrZ X D~
ax ZLZ
H**
~ F,
 x z~c q - 4,
}y{ V-g F ] ) {%izg g D 46,e
$ZzggzZ
&ZpgzZ%{i 0gzZ D"
"Z;~zg ZgzZ C~g X Zz3,
X ; " ~~c*
5F
E ax ZLZ 6,V KZ 2~ k#ZgzZ
] )gzZ] M yZgzZ ~
x yZ U* T )i c*
"{  x S4
Z  .a gz
 VrZX Hy gzZ Zz 3 Zg 4z]
" Z ; zg Z " 1Z _ ( p
y{ c  gzZ ; X 7 X 5'
X YyZ @* ,gzZ Zz
E
[ ZIF,
~4Z V@r # yZ egzZ Z EB+
5F Hi
+% gzZi q
t kZ6,gZz y{~p 0
Z~ +/L L

kZgzZ !* C Z ! Z ZL LZ q
~ c Z[ Z ZtX ~g -Z {zgzZX @*
 z GgzZ 46,y zg Hy~}g !*
~
+
0g jm<!*
V@4ZX
{g g[ Z_g Zz X @* .Z~
C 3 Zg gzZ4z] ax Z{g 0gzZ wq { nLZ

174 173
 ,
KZgzZ k+;g~ T
5 -Z M@{z X 2~ n%J
q g
z kZ {z $Y ZkZ~}g !*
z +
X  y{
c* )
Xgnz Z kZgzZg~uz?gzZ Z g @* +
zg ZgzZ c  y{ V LZ 0
~ g j
izg/izgy{ !* +Z
gzZqgzZ]gzps& /Xg F/{z x ,Z GgzZ t 0E.'X H k0*
!_ yZ X Zzg - e M &z
ygzZ #
# g {# # X g Y Cgz$
@ {z Z X CZz
w 0* /y ~ yZgz R !*
yZgz Z X gg Z M g { 6,0
+ -Z { Zg Z Z6,y{
i yZ~ TX [ q
y{X c*
/V1]g @* +'
h
gzZdFgzZ ~ y{~ yZgzZ CY] !*
q6,Vz! ZdyZgzZX *
@YH{ MV ,
LZ~ VzZg?7ZgzZ H~ ]g] ~
9 KZ~(, +
yZt ] q 0i6,X *
@Y Hg Z ] LZ ~}g !*
~
-Z yZ~ V2z yZgz ZX c*
q M F,Z_s e
K $. ]gzp '[ZX ~sp~~yZ **
X V;gX VY Zj: {
+
I Z V@0 z R
gj ,
gzZ YyZ~X k]gzp
@ Hn ~
Vz yZ LZ ~yZgz #
X c* $R,
f $.<g McZs Z
g7]gzpe /
# X H c*
yZZ
# ,j_gzZy{
VrZ: : ] 5)
O](gzZ ~yZ J e 0zz ! zZgzZ Zi M yZ6,y{gzZ
1998X@ L Lu L
:kZX x **
+7Z /8
$ -g$
+ q
-Za
,Vzg ZugzZ V1ZgzZ  x Z c h$
~' +gzZ VZ ` Z%1
( a r
 ~ # )
,=g +F,
$
d y{X  M
g+
rVzgZu0*
p{z V ~ Za w2g+Z  yZz6,6,
>yZ g| m
X c* +yZ
x Z@yZy{gzZX g 2
z kZ Z V# ~lL kZ y{
C~^g
vZ5+F,
4}g X k0* -ZX
{ Co~yZgz'q
Hc*
yZ~OX ^ga' y{ c* i
C M ~C
yZ k0* H^ga Y
yZ X ~gOZ 'y{ X
kZX Z Kg / **
Z gzZ u !* ,gzZ
" Z' z
+Z g0
X ;g Y 3vzg g0 +Zy{X ] 5 ~g V Fb
176 175
6,~ # )
yZgzZy{ r ,~y
M X gk
, ] ZgYXn
6,y{ !*
i ( y{g gzZ ~ ) Vz X }'!*
~g \ gzZ hZ
X Hg Z
~ d
X $skZ ~ Z~(, V ~g 1
tx Z GZgzZ
X
=gzZ =6,n f
Hc* $R,
g7!* x !Zd
{gy{~6, $
$R,
f +I kZ KZ 0
g7 t yZ Hg Z kZgzZ h +g jX c*
MI
pe $6,  jX Y He
$.%kZ
gy!* $=
V z yZ}g BV }uz j ~ X H Zj}Z

X H  27
g Z gzZ T
J LZ { Z_ y{g gzZ c* $R,
VZ f g7 ~
~ X c*
=Z ~: { yLZ ~ ;gE-V gzZ X c*
@~ ' V yZg zZ Zi M jg g j~ } 80
#
V LZ {yk Zz ;gE- gzZ Z rg ;gE- ~ Z ${6,e
X Hx Z d $.q
-Z~ c*
y{~~g 1~~g 1 { h ZY e
$R,
X H~{yy6 f g7{zy{ Zv~y + F,
$
d ,j_aSygzZ]g Zd
y{) $kZ
VZ m, ,
z M k agzZq
u! -ZgzZa}{zy{~: {ykZ C HH[ NZ gq
X -~VGz{~4z]
.(gzZ
z
]@y!* $R,
i Xf 5E
-Z I kZX G
g7 q ,
"]|k{zX ;gE- y zg y{g Wz6,gzZ= X
oz Vzi p
J e a }Yz X g+B** /
gZg-z Cc*
x Z . ] x H e
$.gzZ F~ d
$kZX
HHa "7,!6,y{
1X QQC (  & _ ) !*
x Z GZ LE !*
yg ]|^g+X KZVc yZ c*
~~ 7,
6,yZ c*
Hg Z6,y{VM
~ Vl
f
$R,
g7 g+ Vg** #
v~ y6 Z F, ,~ ] Z
gzZ Zzg Z xj%; {z) /gzZx HyZX H7x
X c*
wZ e $f Z Hy{VM jZg Z
s ~ { e I
,
gzZ ~ k ,
t X I =kt y{ $ ZgoX N HF,
g jZZ e d x~zg Z V
~ V+a  y
~(,6,} F,
kZ y{ | 7,7 LZ r
# y{g gzZ~ 0
+g j[ Zi M jg

178 177
 X
~ >sfzgqy{ m ^g7a n KZg6,V 0*
}uz V 0*
-Z y{X
D
q
x Z)
(  : iZ -1
 Xg MDg Z !~]gzpgzZ ]gzpLZ~i Z0 +Z
( y  ) 'y -2 # [-Z ~ Vz k
X Zj r , 5E
G ,
" gzZ kt ~
( ~ Zi M)H ) -!*-3
C Zi M 7 V+Z~w}YOg~m,
Sys M ^3Z6 LZ {z @*
( m1 ) $g w -4
e X N vyZggzZ7ZVN Yg~Vzg Z Z ,Z,g c*
( Vc*
g {n[ c) \zzg ; ( -5 -Z Z Z'
Z Z q , 1993~Z ~ w}
$zZ )
(. Z -6 b g x HX } Z +Z b &[ X Hx Z g Z0
+
( N ]g^ ) 5;XG
y E (?yZ0
( -7
~ k ; ;gE- bg X ~ ] a
( c*
) Z-e -8 X J 7,!YZ Z (,
6,~
yZgzZy{~ ~ m, Hc*
Z VrZX ZI
Y
( ) E &N -9
5F wZ ~X , ~q6,{ y{ Y w C
Zp bg ~
( V !*
g) ,g e -10 X N Y wVz \ M gzZ = Yz ~ X Z 2~ ~g F
Y
( V !*
g) G
5G &g e-11
4E A Yz Vz O
y{JgzZwPz X : Zzg ~
V xg X zgzZ Qxz wzZz+z Z -12 F,
gzX : .
Z ~X ~ ~q VV;zX : Zzgsg Z'
XB X GYzgzZ bgX J 7,B
/u" X 1@ kZ bg gzZ k0*
yg ~ LZ y{ 9 ~g Z yZ ,
:g F~ygwy{ ' + y.6,
yi abg~
Z KYKIKZ ~X
g ;gE- = M !*
yZ~ ~ m, 5ZaF, -ZX Y
{gz kZ LZ bg X :Zz izgZ{g~ V }g ] Zgq
Mgy{~ 1978 VrZp X7ZgzZ HF,
;g !* X NtgzZ lpgzZ c*
C!*
XZzF,
4Zpeg kg !*
iyZ Y yyZ~@ An Anthology of [ gKZ M !*
5Z si Z e [
~ *~ 1990  Classical and Modern Balochi Literature
1998cX@ L Lu L { c*
{g !* y{[ NZ xZc h
i +].v
X
b3 F,
~ m, >s
ZyZgzZZ~kZX

X ~[ {f Lc 

180 179
Z e m,
q-Z yZ gzZ r
# V;z ~ r #p
# ~Z
t X MY y0
+g m, z}g \ gzZq
wZ -Z}g gzZ
M g Y :Zz yy TQ X yZ
^g7 *Z c Z VrZ% ~y
M ~g t X : Zzg ygzZ q Z Z ]!*
~y 6,y
W yZ { P kZX
~ q :Z= y d A ] !*
gzZ ] 5
# jg
cZ p~X
g c ZyZgzZX Z wZ r
$c Zk0*
X 5ae dWyZYz d
WLZ%ZX eY 7
 c*
~^kZ ~ ~}g !*
r# jg
~}g!*
X H  +
]5z^(gzZ 0 H{
i ZP y Z e
yZ ~O Y c* #
Z 7 ^ kZ g ZZ r 28
-Z i
Bq +%gzZi
+%] 5~a X c*
7~[ Z
-Z
'5 gzZ ;gB yZ ~ g izgP ~ y J# {zgzZ m jg xj%
M m yZ ZgzZ X ;g : {
xy
}g!*
r# ~a kZX
k
,~ kZ |4gzZ c Z {z M Y [ xZ v LZ gzZ @ {z Z # % ~y M X ;g J
-
kZ [ ZX c*
Z1X @7hZg Z ~ 7^ k Q~ c*
b]z E L _ yZ= X { P ] z KZ X w 1995h +

a kZX !*
r ZX
g g gzZ > ;gm/ { c* zgzZ x **
i wz { gzZ gzZ ] q X = ~g F ~X 7
or
X
t!Zj: { #d
rW}= (1995)wkZX 7(Z F,
$
d X
D M c*
4
x **
~ w}X y{~ jg # X Y c*
r B ~c Z Z @*
Z\ Z s +
X V 0g m,
Z}
/
X sz^~ V # X w 1953
u (gzZ ~ wVz Z Z YzgzZYz g
m, C@*
Z yZByZX M@ kZ
Y jg \ M L L Y7 6,g: Zg Z i Zg Y ~ e= r
# )HN Znz yZBYzgzZ Z h
[8gzZ}g\ }) Z {C z
/
z6,gzZ ,(g {z c*
C VrZQX c*
[ Z ~ ~ ?
j{ 
yZgzZ ( H~g  Z e ) i x /
KgyZgzZ ( H g !* z
Z
{z c* z Z6, )
C y{ X
g gzZ ,j_gzZ
yZ YzgzZ c* {C
ZI~ yLZ yZ$gzZi x X MByZ$^
gzZ N M y
~ 1954 kZ X , ^( z m,
X ZI~9; } Z8 * Z ZyZgzZZz

182 181
 S~ kZ r
a X xcgzZ xg 3 Zg uZz x ZgzZ F, # X ] Z|z yZ% ~gzZyZzgzZ
= x **
.^6,{ Zg Z **
gzZ , qz4z] /ZV Z
Zi M wZV LZ ,w**
) gzZ X c* Hc*
Z Zg/Zxj%sg = yZX C*7
X i_xg akZ }gziVrZ y{V;z X ]!X 1B VrZ= X T e **
Y k0*
r#
$z ygzZ yZ{g V;z izgP {z c*
g D" C ,w**
) /
B7Z x Zz6,
XD ;gk0*
j} (,LZ
{z 7 c*
[ Z = X ( )gf o )X
g Dw! n (gzZ
Z{z X M } h M 8ui ** yur
gzZ Y Z' # 1X N Y k0*

-{
.l]1
x y{g g Zu ZGZ}
Z Z }uz}{z} Y@:Zz Z< c*], L r !*
Z e X !% 3 j EZ
V yQ Zy{ wX 7 7,
kZ { C o X : ~: { /x 
q-Z V X@ByZ r
# gzZ ~O X a
X 7 c*
7c*
~}g !* ~ w }X ~ }g !*
Kg 0*
B yZ ~ m!@
cZizg*h
+
{zX M: { -eZizgq
z7 -Zr
# ( 7 c*
)y{ 1!* ( 7 c*
lgi ugi y{C ) Zg /Z
$z~2- e
2- e $zX ZwZ 6w
/c*
wZX M ~ yKg0*
t ] !* ~kZ~gzZ
X
X WJ6,6~ kZ X , Z Kg 0*
X :Zzc Z gzZ [ xZgzZ FkZX *
*
~uz {z Xg-6,kZ *~ 0
+i 6X zZz v%i Z X*
c J(,
M nkZ :gzZ : ) +ZQ ~g VZiZ
z kZ W6,6 X Y 6,R@ ~ ]g z k
B @ # ZbkZX 7DkZ=1 *
X ZZamr c J(,
VzgzZ e
-Z
X Y7
yZgz c (~@ezg b izg q Z'
, # )
gzZ r ,( ~}g!* )~}g!*
: { }g~w}
'!*
t yZ lg *Z1!* ,Z Ws: 6,6
X Z' X X'!* p1X c*
.X M: {
yZXA y{wZ ZGZ} C
X Zg }6, Z'
kZ VrZgzZN: , +
XT egZgsh # 1X cy{wgzZyZ
r
X g -6, yZ ~ * X J
-u -6,q=6 r
B=QgzZX A X p=: {# Q{ F
g7 {q
-ZgzZX HC w ~q]okZ V56,, Z
!* 6,~h N gzZ s h N g Z%X wa C
kZ X _m !*

I
Kg 0*
6X B\zy
rn~s IgzZ2j G3F ~T c*
;g L~g MVJ
Z^1 a1X @* -y
KC
Hc*
Z7ZgzZX x **
W@  Kg 0*
-*
q !  ~ g @*
{z c*
g7 ~C
Y {gZD 6,~ h N
C VrZX :Zz X g Zay Z m
HHC
ZGzg kZ X : wt ~ * X !*
w { ZPVrZ X M ] 5 ~ y@g zZ y{ *Z{ ZP
X c*
| 7,~ w ~R,
Kg 0*
$z
e
z kZ  zy M X J 7, ~ X x **
V Z a   c* -Z Z B; *Z
q

184 183
$ ZI F,
d +]
: ig [ Z g h .{z X ~ g  ~ "7,= [ Xg7Vkg 0*
* ~ Kg 0* $zC
2- e
I
c* ,X ( @ M k Q ) )g8Fwz**
w kZ Y: ~Evg ) ,
g ~Evg ) J -x7zgszwP 6,{ i6,q -Z !%ZX H7nZ Z6,kZ
I
X ZwZ~mz~*~/w 85w* +
gl{VY {z~ 0i6Z HHwZ G3F B\zy
~kZX
I
X : { c* +]
i gh .~
zkZ1X MI= [ bZ ~ c* B\zy
[ Z | 7,t G3F X 7VYW VrZgzZ
+ ~ [ t X c ZB {zQX | 7,
)H~ ;gE- s\ Z ~ yi % \ M [ Z bTg (Z { sp
- { i6,t gzZ C x **
J
[ kZ yQ ~ w*X g| 7,{z X @~ k bg X c*

I
| 7, ~[X ~ = Zz8 I kZzx Zgi Z VrZ Hc_ ug c*
E)** B\zy
M%ZQ^g7g ~g7 kZ G3F
izgg
~T "7,wz** vyZ[ ZX @*
Y "7,QX MI X {g t ZN*
gzZX : { ug c*
Er ~ZN*
# jg gzZX Z 
* Zpg bg a kZ X ( R^) yZ *9FL Lwz**
* -Z
ggzZ q +
[ xZ}uzh X Z e| 7,Zg} (,~~X c*
a"7,=
zg 7[
X , rz 7 +Z~yZk
,Z[ ZYX } 7, X J 7,
V\ F kZ X 5 c Z g z6,q
-Z/ jg $zV yZ r
] :Z : {]g \ 2- e # jg
:Zz yZ \ Vx z m{ ~@6,yZ t e
$Z@ ~ kZ X gzZX V; z V\ }g ZN*
ug c*
E ~ w}X xi 5~
; g  Z/Zy{gzZV yZgzZ *Z{ ZP~ g z6,X , Z{ X gt AyZfZg Z)f
6,gzZ e
$g/ >V{zqX ~/s X Hc*
g ZzkZX %N46,,~ Vkg 0*
ZE
g Z kZ
X M D a~ Zi M q gz{z X 7 c*
-Z X M : { # j
z r
]5
Z egzZ ~Xbg Z Z0 kZ~
z Z L L Z
x $ Zszczc V yZV; zXgx {z~T
X}Id
H e  K qz
8\ 6,kZ V g z6,t ZG Z}
. HY yZ X ~Z/ZgzZ ; {
#
] 5 r g{z
X ( 7 c* kZ )Xb cZ:Zzh
=, + gzZ X ! zZ ~ yZk
, ,
Z V yZ X gY yZkZ yZ{z c*
C VrZ X
( y g Z jg
X ;g qz~ ,
yZk ,
Z gyZkZ { ] x Z Kg 0*
t]Z e gzZ Kg 0*
{
` {g ~R,
Kg 0*
y|4 jg ` ] { c*$!*
i" # X xzghgo {zgzZ Hg66,hg
kZ r
k B kZgzZX Hs %Z 0*
B Zk Kg 0* B @X
yZgzxz k X c*
C7
,z X c* 9A Z Kg0*
gZ ~
X c*
7B 0*
Kg 0* {z 6,3Zz yZk,Z ~ w }
-Z VrZ X M : {
q

186 185
XVzZ Z7=g f gz M ~ ikZX  a .B V.ggz ZV g (  Zj y
4z]
$zZ~Vz ( gzZ ! f) yD Ykzg
X H^)g f. j_~gzZ y@ Z Z y{/Zy{ Z- Xg D
/
Z wzg ~ V ,
u DgzZg Z Z~ c ZX AB yZ )
Y 1999~gX@ L Lu L Kg0* ,gzZ VrZ ,z X ;g
~ 1934Xg )
k0* ,
~Gj *yZkZ D w*
* M @ {z lg \gzZ ]i YZ
D yj
F,
g 0* ,
uuyZk +
Z 5 Zg luh V;zgzZ Zg
O Z c*
wjKg 0*
$
d j/{ c*
i c* -Z Y: V;zgzZX j
wq
+
( V ;gh
gZ )V &~ ~ pXg _7,~
yu{zX 7
,wX` Z'
X Vzg 7LZX D YZ'
,@*M ~ Y jg
7B +Z yZ v}g X 5'
{ M 6,x q
-ZgzZ $f e
$.X DI :gzZ C M 7Z: M lpXn }
X D Y
-Z Zzy{i ~@ g Y kzg Z
q # ] !*
N
# X N Y w*
M@ yV Z 6,kZ
* | m
`]Z [ xZ Z6,yZX Y V2z 6 gzZ Z6,}g
/
Vz gzZg yZgzZ m, -Z X
y{/y{ X A  Z y{ Z q
V6,~ !*
,gzZ Zk
' ,z kZgzZ ~B Y} y{ Z- X ~
Z6,y{Z-gzZ y{/y{gzZyQ Zzy{i X Hz
X Y7 ~}g !* +~ >~ 1 g
B WZZ
z kZX
D Y yZg { Z~ V-u{zX Hx~}g !*
: yZ ~
VrZX c*
C~}g !* # ~X yZg {gzZ
jg ~A {zZ
YyZz c*
CgzZb |QX m7]5 Hk\Z

188 187
 yj
Hc*
kZX |4:Zz CX jZBGo Z *
# X
7J
Z -[ Z X k
,~ VZ c*
KZ uZ Z,
d
1C $
]!7ZX v!*
: !*
H: :Zz gzZGo
/V; Go DkZgeg !*
g H1g
X /k0*
Vzh N
gzZ g Z ( - ) 6,gGo
z ] ZgX
# X|4
:gzZX e^: jg `)l]z Z
gzZ Z )lZ
X g Z% N N Zw # X MB;
z kZ {z
HHg
t ZX g~ 4{ P X /7Z wY: c*
6,
Xg^ Zw~Z Go
6f ~VrZ X
g *Z Cc* -Z jg
} p q 29
~}g !* # )
LZr ,j_[ '!* M F,
X ~
XD H Zj , jg ~ TZ[k
gzZ) , -Z ~: i Z ~ c Z
q
gzZ g g**
y {z ` V!*
r# -k
J ,t ~ yyZXBV ( Y q~) ~Gj*
m,
y{ Z- [ Z !* Va gzZ y
~g ^( X gVZ m,
zM
X C p C
g ( a  & yZX
g
~ Vg ZZ iC .(y~gzC
1X 1zg7~4z] jg
i M kZ~ Va ,zX
gzZ
Dtt g X gZyZ g(Z {g)s:yZV g(y
YG!
gzZ 7, ( ~ E VrZ X H m,
54h +Z[ c*
{e ] ! gyZ( , y{ *Z{ ZP
z R'
# VZi Z X Hx x **
y{Z- Z - {7 ~ }i 5
Ve 2Zq gzZ yj
~H6,uuy 0* jZg 0*
uuhgy 0*
gzZ ]z 6,
Zw ~gZu6,
) Z y c* -Z ~)**
L L! q
 izg g CvZ m,
** / **
[ , Z -Z Kg 0*
q ~g ; |4 gzZ jg
YE
H3g~ { ~ 5G
V X 4h! 7Z X: 9zg g ZD
kg zZ { w q-Z X ~ Z6, yZ y@X ~ H *{ ZP{zgzZ {Z_ yZ
X ZZg yZ VyZgzZ lg*ZgzZ;o NgyZm,
+Z - x ** +x **
X b w$ +%
LZ Vz yZ X yZ i
V gyZ {!*
VrZ ;g m, # g Z
- Z /] ZwO +
{ ZPgzZaz B gyjZ 7Z X gh # CgzZ
r

190 189
 GLI E
$zQgzZ yj
]2- e jZ ygzZq
-QX Bq
-Z ( ~ y '
i 8 , @* -( { Z_
x bZ X Hi M q
e yZ kyj
$zV y V!*
jZ V } Zg Z yZQX gLy{/Zx HwzZ
X Z\ 5~: M
y{vZ y Z Vr!* C b Z [ zZ q
~ X c* -!*
gzZ 2- ( zi !*
Tg ~|4 N !*
yZ jg 4
# vX Zj w ]~ Vx LZgzZX [=w
Z y@gzZ ~g ^( y{ Z- X ` M ~Zg
X D Hy} !Zj ' w +' c*
'L L D c*
Zz # ~gzZ r
g Z ~ c Zr # y @*
xX A !*
~ c Z
-ZP V gzZF}g
X]q g Z X x 7,g Z g Z ~ y X n%
# z
yZ F yZ ` yZgzW r ag Z r # y X @* &,F.C.R 7,
Z Zw LE
# gzZX ;g x wzZC
t |4Z ( Vzgj@*
~ ] ~j# )|4 eY &gzZ b k0*
r# lgO X ~ c Z
.Z jg X ~ 7,**
zSX ~ V4 Z Z] VZ ui 7Z #
[ @* +y
1h # @gZ[ay 0*
r /
_%y
$Zzg c  X
g Z Z yZ y{h
yZ ._ e + X V yQ X}gq -ZP]Zg Z Z~ b kZX { .Z kZ] Z|
[ Z d
Tg ~ y W xX y{[ Z x ** -Z
Zq 5Zt X D Zg Z { izg {gG c*
y a E z kZ C
{ izg 8x
M {zxX xk
~y B ; x ** -Z~|4 jg X

T ^q X {)z{)za j Ve 2Z
~y
M VE gzZ Vzgj@*
Vzm, 7e !*
Z V ( ~ Mg ) { xig X W, ( zi !*
O N !*
W,,
Zk # yV 4Z
i r
B x **
xk gc | 7,^kZX ~
Z w Z%xj% ~ Kg 0*
z kZX 
|4gzZX /|4 -ZgzZ
bq
~ g ;0*
 +
L ~ yZh
L -Z ~ c  yZ
 X sq zz ( gzZ y ) ] Z|z yZ {],
Z kZQgzZX Kg 0*
/Z Kg 0*

yZ wZX
Dg~ VE Zm{g7X !*
M gzZ Kg 0* #  Z ZX
Z r HJ
-y
Zgj@*
X ~  jZ]z jg gzZ
g Zg /0
X ~g Z +i~
**
{zgzZX yKZg Zg e
$.ZzyZ ` jg +Z'!*
X ` ZX x tgzZV;g} i Z0 t T

S4vZDX W, - fyZgzZ S4vZD
O gzZ ]ZuF,
q ( zi !*
jg ~ ;~ y N !* -V
w ZJ
vZe gzZX ~qi+'~ iy{vZy Z~yj
$ ** jZ ; g4 kZ6,~k
,+W,
5 Z Vy 2- e $zgzZX ;gB;Z (,

v [ gzZX M 2- e
$z e
$ZzggzZ Ng {)z a yj F, X NgyZgzZyZGG
.2 y{ ~^ZZ kZ,zX
fyZvZD ** X`]5 {Z_ V g *zy

Y ~!*
x Z Z gzZ 1920 { Z_ yZ y{^gzZ y{ * qi

192 191
 $.xc{z ~I F,
~ VjZ oe s: ~
X
$Yzi !*
~gzZ Hb + N !* +
jg wj Zh
$zgzZ q
VgzZ q 2- e -q
-!* ~ V yZ {z
 
y{Z- xj%p ~XX D HZgsxg
VrZgzZ 

o|yZ~S G3E 4D Z L L X SB}Z
X Zx
, VE gzZ Vzgj@*
~ ' -Z X yZ jg
~ |4 sq
6,x e
X a  $. {z X c* . jg k
/_ B s g EZ
30 kZ ~ y|4gzZ S4vZD ** ( zi !*
 N !*
s~uz
yZgzZ y{ Z- {zzz ` ZZ kZ X HZg sxc7Z ] Z W,
Z
Vz yZ 4X N c y c*
a  z ~ !*
M gg zZ !*
M -yZgzZA YNg
~q
X 
{ Z_ Vv y@gzZ jg ~V
sX 
: 
$Z e[ X f
e ~Gq
-Z~kZX ;gwzg Z yZ 1999ag @ L Lu L

~ }g !*
V yZ ~ g @*
RgzZ ]gzpKZ a  vZ
$ Z eX ,
The Problem of Greater [ t vZ e

# Z e  x **
r (X y F,x ) Balochistan
x VrZ "7, [ X ! f
$Z e
kZ ~ *;gE- v_ a [t X g a
X
fgzZ *ZB kZ X q ]~ * x gzZ x **
;gE-
~ V yZ t X yB ZjgzZ Z ]!*
~ [
C
~Gq
jg ~Gt ~ w}X f -Z yZk
,Z

194 193
 # ~~ wj}g bZX Ve2Z L Lc*
,Z {zX M r ,~ X =g yZ ~ ] q yZ  X
M
) h j *
z
Xa ,
g ' V kg c*q
-Z yZ X 
~ #
g yZ r
tXr
# y ~ bZ X g x **
+ gx # '' I \z
y r /q-Z '' j_gzZ j*''j
+?gzZ d
{0 $m<!*
gzZVX yKZ { Zp F,
gzZI ~ Zi MgzZ ` Z% w** $z jg Z
@{z Hx Y2- e # X SgVZ m,
z M Z~
.a V y
S ~g 1 c Z~ i kZXg4z] +
5 Zg luh ,
QgzZ yZk $zZ V;zQ ( k0*
ZZg=g f. j_ )
jg y@X
/ /
% Vu( V.g ( a AgzZ { h Zz e Xj Dyj
F,
/ZgzZ V ]Zg Z Z6,X sz^~ V
/u +Z ~gzZ V.g (gzZVlz( ~}}~kZc Z
]5 ]Zg ZgzZ 6, z V!*
yZ o xj%y{ t ~c Z1X c* ( CZ VzfZ ~ '
z ,X Z
/%
X D{gt)g fo ~gzZjg y''~ ~ m, 6C
Z fX g  yZz6,[p
~ kZ X g| m (
-k
Xg ~g YJ, $.] gzZ y
e
 X}gzZ R ~' 'y@'v ~g !*
zg gzZ''yZ 7,
$ Zc  r
gzZX d # y, zX g Z%~ ]g> a  ~gzZ  Z/ZgzZm, -kZ fgzZgZ~g 1{z
+ZgzZ Z-  q
-Z jg VrZ g @*
O Z c  q $Z e
vZ e # y~ g~g1XgW,
yZgzZr O CYT x **

X c* /
x Zz6,
J 7,
~y!*
i c gzZX ~ x ** +]Z|gzZ}g ) ~i !*
yZ= $ u/Z'[ xZ fv
+
$ 7~g** .gzZyZ' k\Z kZ= 'g M 7 c*
] }
$ Zg**
x HZz ~Z/Z[gzZ d # ~z0
c  r + ~ ( '
# + gx g (~g 1gzZ
r 6,x c ggzZ'fFgzZ
-kZ
XgVZzg zgq
# X ] !*
Z +
h Y 1932X ;g| 7,~k~uz~Z
# c*
=
# y~~ wjw ],
r Hc*
}g ~ w ~ wj ** ~
+
yZ= X M & +y
egZh
ag Z LZw{zX p= c Z
Sh Z KggzZ]gzpyZXD  91~w&~gz? ~
5Z L L~w}x **
a E g ZyZXnk' ,:
:eX c*

196 195
 ~ g Z xtg Z Z
Zg L L kZ ~ g Z B X H 
X 0*
Y{g !* yZ y
z''H 
# ~Z/Z[ gzZ ; { 
p=@r gxj%V 4Z
/
{gz c Za x , x Zz6,LZ a y!*
i c  { z X
x **
uc  L L VrZX gzZA y{{zXg
# jg [ X ~ c ZZ ! Z
yZgzZ M@r
z,ZgzZX ;gg a [ zZ yZk
Z ~ , /
Z X x Zz6, yZ Y
}gz ! zZr
X D Yu" {zXD Y7, #
P y{g X : Zzga !I &y{g ~
Te*
*{gz ygzZXp}~g Za/ 31
! l {q zZ yZ v V;zgzZ gg Za~ y{g X
\ M /''Vg L Lx Z E4J&g

Zu g Z L L[ ZXgw=~Vg V #
i 5 Zgz {zX{ M LG
g: ~g Yt gzZ X Vc*rg ~ g OZ~ }g !*
M
: {
Xg~ e !*
.gzZ g
X Vj{ (],P VZ 3g7.
kZ 6fX e
yZgzZ ~ }g !*
~ ^X t/
g6?g !*
g !* -ZpX gg2$
VKZ,Zq +[Z
yZgzZX [ s zZ
Cgzp}iuyZgzZ V-%= ~ Z e [ yKZ {zX H qz rQ
u" yZX
~%{
X A Vzg Zg VyZX yy~X c* +z
{h / , X @*
x !Z LZ: { 7 HyKZaX
X @ ^
V y{]gX ] VrZX V ~%` @* -
Xn{g ~gYJ

$Zzg c 
Vz e D V yZ1X 0 yZ0
+{ q
-ZgzZ {zX
z om^q ]f
y{g vtTX e**
gzZWZg ** $gzZ 4,
~ i " +{
{ ~V Z0
-Zs %Z Vvg )
Kg 0*
q ,gzZx HLZX w 1954
,
X' ,Vzay{g ayZX
Z' z
x ** zZ u gZ L LKg 0*
t X 0*
YgkZgzZ c* /
yZ kZ x Zz6,
 Hnz 3gzZ Y 6,{ x Zg M ^ ~%
x ]g Z Z y{''@
z Z L L{ izg8V yQX
~g Z} hX 6,, 20 ^
Zg ~ X **
g$g H3gk
Z u g Z L LX , $**
T +=gzZ X c*
g2$
M ~ ]g Z Z Z
198 197
 ,
{k + Z yZX DIV yZgzZ D M Y { E
em { E + Z}~ wj V;zgzZ W,
O]g c* /
i ^X Z kZgzZ ~g Z @*
Z Zh
Xa{zgzZ py{ ~i ^0 X ] **
K ~q]oyiz% ~%((

LZ
g6,x **
w ** # g Z )
[ Z r ,y{[ X A
zg U*M
yKZ y!* $.{z X #
$gzZ 4e .gzZ A ~(,X c*
} ZI~ g Z 5 ZgX : Zzgy3g!*5 Zguv6,Vzh ( {gizg&z ) y
-[Zh
X
] J + X
QXyyZG.G 2yYg Zg ZuX k0* +Y~
k MkZgzZyZg0
,
{ke ! ,
z kZ X ]5 V F~ y{ ~i {ke bg
t X
z!v z^g X )g f'z^g D D
Hba kZ 7Z bkZgzZ Y c*
5 y Vc gzZ Va c lg !*
X @e
$.{g V XZz6,c  M y
! ~y
Cc*
F, [ c* -Z X Z x **
C s BVz yZ q At 1X Y X
k0*
}g akZX V +?yVYhg/
~ {0 y{ wgZg m, # g c*
C gzZ r -ZgzZgq
7 q -Z ~ z^g
X : [ Z m yZ X a h {z X yV ; yZ X w }g
bg''gzu M:Zz{g ~ y{ ~i {k
hg''D ,e y *
X c  c @F~g
Hw~X w$
Zg +c ZgX : Zzg Zg 5 Zg p X ] 5 ~g y{g ZuV;z izg Z
-Z izgz q
~ X Hx V xi 5 ( ) y_q -Z V;zgzZX ~gzZ^1 {gzZ yZ Sh Z ~(,X 7Z (,~ yZX yKZ {gzZ
+Zy ZX g ZIk0*
i Z0 LZg6{ z[ ZgzZ Hy.6,7Z ~ e M XR~g tzg gZu{zZxX
gzZ@Q{g]Zgzq
X: { -ZV;zX Zz ,
X : Zzg y{ ~i {ke ' 5 Zg ]gc*
i gzu Mizg Z
!* /
M bDy_gzZ ay X NgzZ ]gzp zt y
D Y [zj y{  Z {k
,e { Z_ Zy{wzZz y_X

V; z X H{g [p Zy {g yZy{w{ q -ZQX
EG
gzZ [Z  z!ue$. h N gz!*
gzZxkZz {zX @*M [pyGL B+
X ]gzp
+
w L L{ izg8 {zXg D & ,y{7 y{ ~i {k
eg Z ) ,e
# X AZz: idwj yZ~Xi
{zZ +Zy{ ~i {k
,e

200 199
X { Zz6," Sg ~ e M ] Zg y X c* K g u
:
X HW,
OV Z 5kZ~y 0*
ygzZ: { L 3XZ V X :gzZ ~g Z **
X Z
4: V
{ {gi M: /uygzZ^zXq X : w g !*
u gzZ!*
Xg  x 6,
'D
-ZC
g ZgzZ!g [ hZ : V lpq
~: {
a 7, gzZ Cy X @*
gzZ D Y D M : { sz^~ "7,
yZ izg/izgX D Y gzZQ D:Zz | 7,
X Tg lpgzZ D Y
.gzZ .~
X C Za ]]
C4 ` Z%gzZ gEZ Vr ~ Zi M V1zZ X gz gz t 32
.
~g yZgzZ ~g^ yZ Ds zv}V Xgz 4z]
X D Z Z
l]1 x ] Zg X g2 E
L i8 izg z
:{
/
Vz6,X M ]~4z]
.gzZ V
/u! zZ~ yZk
, $
Z d /Z ZG Z}
{zD M V LZ LZ y{g Z y{ w .
VyZX 5{ ` X @*MZ
/z6, yZk
,ZX g Z~ t ZiZ Zz ZX D Y M 1LZ _~vZ X D 

,
yZk $g/x
Z Be gzZ Kg 0*
{ t]Z e X OZ {zgzZ c* +oZ
g$ t k0* /ZgzZ ]V Z
k M yYx] zZ gzZ Zg
kWVgzZ Kg 0*
t]Z egzZ { [ xXgg VyZ X @*
X V- lp X 'R[pgzZ D M C p
w! n nC
X zg {k
,iz~]g Zt]Z e @Z eX c* !*
C
{  w}TX D Zh Zt Zwj gzZ] qgzZ X DlpgzZ lp
X N B V~ '
, z ~(,
% yZk
,Z ;e **
tx CZ gyKZ + F,
lpgzZlph lp{ c* LZ~@
i z kZ~
~VyZgzZ ` Z%%X v MV~gEZX e6,
vg {  Z (,@ /Z X D
y D gzZ D Zh Z t Z Zg v}g p
,
N [ Zpx ZyZk rg w
Z V X YB; VYZX a V Tg~ # H0
i 5X
~{ nV+i KZ V Z 7,P
+Zp **
gzZ nZ%ZgzZ 0
V* bC $X g
X [ Zp }g " X Dx
X 6,Vzgzik
B C
ZgzZyZ m,X [ Zp] zZg/C

202 201
 { B+G
5
DLG V;zY ) ;gE- yZ{zzz **
{ [ xgzZ t] X { MgzZa{n] q,Z } Z M O%Z
X @{Zg yZ@Zi ( 0 c 
C { [ xgzZg ,
xzg Ug{ Z' ${ 
uuegzZ o} Z M  eX y M ae Ug
X ` 7ZkZXA }g zZ7Z k0*
CV;z { n[ zZ,ZX
B}g v% L LgB; 6,0
+{ 
gzZ
{Zg yj
jZq>Zg U
$N*
-Z {z x Z
q /z6, i ug !*
vZ y Z ,
gzZ ~g7 ~@Zi w yZkZ X H (Z } Z M O X
,
KZ~\g- C
~ kZ LZ1X A Y Vg[ x !*
}g 0*
uu C Z gzZ XZj kZ VZ e {z Vzg
+Vz c*
V$
g VagzZ@7Z~1Xn yZ:gzZn: [ x {z
x O} e gzZ Z e ~ Vzg Zi !*
yZV e x **
+ V;zgzZ V
$
x ~ ) Zi M ; vc Z Z # X M kZg wj : { gzZ c*
A z x ZgzZ
6,zgzZ
z yKZ I F,}V gzZ zx
/g Zi !*
I Y
wg ~ ) ayZ { Z_~g hy{g Zu ) Z
Z g @* !*
X zwC
P M kZ}Z'
)x Cg ) Zi M {z X C ]5 Z vZ y Z V;z X ( ~@ZiwX Vc*
+yp~ Vz} (,
0 ,
yZkZX Z (ZO
sg yZ y{g ZuX DuZ Z N~ kZgzZ D M ~ c  { n[zZ t]gzZ { e
ZpZ @ X c*
$ Zq~
,
X Z a y{-g7! zZ a g ,V1 M(Firing Squad)yZg !*
X H ' Hc*
Vzg7{ X g
,
F yZk
a # # /
Z X x ,
u ZQs yZk V yZ
Z { X ] {z M @*
c* +
wZ eVZ0 Hc*
i:t]Z eX d6,MVzg7Kg 0*
\
~Gj*Y qgzZvZ y Z gy{ ~~ XX ZQ qi ,
k{  ,
~!g Zk .Z e
b Zzg Z Xn: gzZ ZGZ}
Z 
w2gkZ c* /
x Zz6,vvZy ZgzZy{-y{g ZuOXg Zg R
X c*
VZ m,
z M6, -Z : {
g Z- q oR
gzZ c*
/
D Y D Y
{ g !*
vZy ZX V ZQhgc Zy{-X YH{ .Z ,
z' -Z~x c*
pt X z ZgzZ g Z%~@yZ q Z 4Z
gzZX Ntf Z ~(,vZ y ZX g
/V; uZz ZvyZk
,Z $.{z X( iyZg !*
"gzZ$f e
` =XyZ g Z /
) g !*
vZy ZyZ
vZ y Z ~ [zZ x ZX c*
g Z hg * uZz,yZ i yZg !* zgZu,g q
( y{iz ) y{ -Z g @*
a  {z
yZ # ,
{ yZk H !*
Zy g ~ c Z/ X M c Z -Z {z s {ZzgzZ y{[ x **
ggzZ q Zz yZX
D7
,5 Zg@X ZM
{gzZ
V;z[ ZX yZzZuyLZQgzZyZk ,j_gzZ jg f ~GX
'~Gj*,a 
)
/0
X
gg Z +i f yZZ Zj Z- bZ X c*
@* M g !*
g !*
Zj
Zz: Zg^gzZ: { E
: { + Zx Hz [f q(gzZg!*
{zzz Vg yZgzZ c*
Z 7Z Z yZ X
# ~g@a x H *Zq
~Oa {z t )X r -ZX Vl kZgzZ gzZzZ7Z Y:X
X B: {

204 203
 Z ~ 9; @k0*
:{ ua wj; 8
- / **
Y~X~h g ; gzZ Z #
wj^ : r
X D Za wLZ~CgzZ _7,
Y X D M *Z~@{zX'OY[ r
# ~OatX ( I],
Ze
X ; g t -Z k0*
X Z ^Z yk z~ q $
ezg } d 7Z X
: {
ZgzZX Hk0*
-bZ d
8 Wq-Z r
# ~Oa Zx~ Hc*
yk kZX yk }g c* /x Zg Hyk
zy|
-Z yZ ~ Z $
X q q +X J
-}} (, kZ gzZ zZ ~ e sz6,!i !i~@ y Y X !*
,g Z- g e &
# ~Oa)h
X Zr + kZX ZwZ~ X *
g e & b: { $N*
@Y ykU ] c*
b X y] **
k
,6,}iZ  Z yZ .
^ g kZ X ~(, M Zq
gzZ~yZgzZCY ~ ,g eQ ,g Z- -Z VAZ 5
YE_
# ~Oa VrZXwq { M X !*
xsZBr M xsZ 5 VJ6,
b ~ Yt X Cg eQgzZ 5G $
zZX CY ~f
+y
}h
d # ~Oa pOg~ !*
W bZ LZ Y c ZgzZ H: Zg Z r M # ~Oa X b^Z+'d
(Z~{r ${z X !*
gzZX
-Z~ kZX Z 7, { g~^ kZwD Z+
g ~ ;q X c*
M y k
Xgsz^~ZgzZX c*
/( ~u3, -Z~ kZ X
): {w.q Zgi Z r
Kzg wZX D]aV: { # ~Oa
# ~},
~ k\Z )X g ~@ M c ZQ ~ Z -Z yZX D 3 Y V;zZgzZ ZGZ}
{z& ` ]gzpq .~X wzegzZ
# ~Oa Z 7D= ;g/ A ~ c Z
~ ` yZ: X

z r # ~Oa X _7, zh
Z r + yZ X Dg \ gzZ Dg
gzZ = Z xt ~ X @* $
;g ~ z d yZ ~ c Z
$ { z X D M : {
X 4 ` [ Z X ` {g !% t B
X ( Y77~}g !*
yZ~@ ~ q X]** e X Za gzZ ~Vz
KD6,}nX f

VrZ Z ** Z v^gZR,
Y Y l]1 -Z
e izg q -! nyZQX n
{zX Z~ wj; 8 pg Sh Z KgXC{ (w!*
VrZ6,{ i6, LgkZ X c*
"7,# ~Oa x H{ i6,q
r -Z /
yZX D Hv~ V~fVz LZg(gzZ ~BB
X , 6, +Z b} 7Pa~u3,
gi Zp
yZ C /
yZX Za yZ $fgzZg . F~ Vz yZX D Hu| 6V LZ
# Z ~ x Z
0/ZgzZ r /z6,O X6,
V\ MuyQ Z e yZgzZ /Zg (gq -Z ~ yZ X 0* z zg ~
6,gi
+Z b yZ Ug q}7 / Y: { w.
) ZgiY LZ# XNyYg7( Z / **
y bZX
0"
YG!
Xb Z{ gzZ Y: {
Vz / D M E
wzg LZgzZ D M gz: { 54h
+ZX H<Yc Z 0/Zx HgzZ~izgP
X 1Bgi #
Z / yZ X D HS { .Z y Z gzZ Y V Zz: {

206 205
 .zz TX 6,gzZ z'
ZG Z} , #
pgzZ yZ X r xs ~ V2z +F,
m,
}V;zX }IV yYvZ Yc Z
#
X Dg O7Zr #
{z rg x XDx ~: {g v} {zX ] 5 r
# X y 0*
r +{ r
]yZ0 # ua 6,V
$ d
$
: {g yZ {z X D c*
Y k0*
yYvZZ
y 0* $. {z X d
~ ~/ e $
m yZ I +Zr
yZ ._gi # ~Oa lg Z
/ # xsX k0*
r
yZX@{z yZgz kZX gzZ ~ y 0*
+
Dh X [ Z ^ X c* # xsX N Y aY
V;zl~(, r
{zizgq
X M: { -ZX ] 5 Z ~V Zz: {
x $r~y0*
yZX Zp Zz f -Zt kZ
q Hc* +~ ~u3,
w$
7Z ~X [q
: { -Z~B; yZX Z zgzZ^1 VrZ X 3 ** k0*
3~ T # ~Oa ZxX Y7
z kZ r
VrZ6,Vz_}g g6,}uzq
-Z V;zX c* zez
Y ~ ? # ~Oa k
p=r , z ]Zg Xg DgOZ yZ V;z
~hX
C 8Y N VZ ~ [ X gzZ c*
g &N* e } v P Vz pu" gzZ X yZN X
gzZ a
# S7,
*Z~;gE- ~Z z kZ ~ [t X CZ bZ L L[ -Z Y kvV;zX ~q Z~u3,
q X lpu" Xg Ra
~YZ&N*
X 7, X MIu" X # xsX h
wqXBr e ea}gpgzZX ~ ~ ;
+
}pvh gzZ [ ZIF, #
gzZ[ Zr ` X c*
** # ~Oa X e ]i YZ Y wZjZ
3 r
#
~] !wj; Z w Fr Zx~XD J 7,~ m,
Z {z +
X g" eZZ ez&
 7 k k~ ~ ; k0*
V;zX c*
M
H Za x ** /
~ VM /
,Z F~ Vz yZgzZX
g D J 7, 1 {Z (ZpZ X ]gm X YBt
aVz ?t
gZ
X
zg y{g Wz6,
zu ~ yZ X ^
,6,
Vz} (,gzZ # ~Oa " e LZ LZ Ug6y
r M X Vr
# ~Oa 1X c*

$x H4e
d $.r
# y{g X eZ ;gE- y ~ $.Q VrZ X  ]i YZ
'gzZ X \ 6X Hg g \ e
@* z yKZgzZg Z c*
~ Vz *Z +4g yZ~ ;gE- X
g *Z gz6, $~
Y7gzZX yZN" e{zXVyYvZV
!*
gzZ 7Z~gzZX g "
A & !* $
{ c*
i yZ ~X ;g KtX V; Y ? Y@tH
X gzZid}g
X V;g @*
0*
y!*
$zx HgzZ Mt~~Oa'
t :Xn 7kZX ]5~y
,[ {z ;g q s ~
) / Z & ,~uz /
X }g Z VrZx c* +
Z0i ex
/ yZX
yKZ
z yKZgzZ y!* $.{z X
$[v 4e yZ : x # Z ,x H~uz
z k Q )X r
#
XV r / gzZ F,ZX c*
* -Z 7ZgzZ ; gm
0 q X ( ` [ Z tX Z Bx **

208 207
 X ;g7mZ
z yKZ y!*
gzZ 6 V Z LZ $.r
$ 4e #
/
{z X
K v~ Vz LZ VrZ s zZ gzZ X
yKZg Z c*$.
e
r Z " kzux yZ X ],
g V} wjs M I],
Z e y 
X ~g ZgzZ ZzJ (,
{g~YVrZX g
+~V5 L LX
g2$ g V2z LZ [Z yZ
-~]g Z Z>kZgzZ

X
q
dZg$ m *Zx HgzZq
+[ *Zx H{zX ;g: { -Z
+% zy V;z {z X ~|4 !*
B Vzi M ] 5 yZ X

33 1
vy*zy [ Z X ;gZg yZgzZ D YD M: {
Z X

D p= y 0*
Z# X Zg J
-[ Z yZ
{0
+i ~ yZ
YX y*Z
GLZ1X V Y 0 yYvZ yZ g x X
D M Y V M
h XX V Zz: {
g1yZgzZV ;g @* z Mg X V Le **
J-8{y*Z kZ { i @* gzZ 4z] grL X
Tg XxsgzZx 5g \ **
c*
e: u= ]B}1V @*
h ~ X H
hgiC X
D
e x HhZz f q
Z e ,{z X 7h
yZ X ~%{  -Za z yKZ
gzZZz gzZ z D[v+
e # dZg$
$.r +
X a}g Z # {zX
g D VZuLZ4V2z Z X %y%
y!*
Z $
I
+'
h GG3{EE
B\yZX Vz4] ,gzZP~}g !*
yYvZ gzZ ZG Z}
{zX ;g 7Z ~@
.SD p=: {
XZz /~cZ~ V- uX
yKZg Z c*
X
D@~ V gzZ(
X q Z Z6,} z jg ( xj% ) x H~r ~!c Z : eY k0* # a kZX
!%
yZ~: p=@~ w qZ
yZYayogzZa}$ $U*
" z ~r~!q
~r Xn M k0*
}{z
Hg66,x t= V- g6V gzZ] ) ~gzZ6,}gtgzZ m,
?
z @*
VY /ZX{ Max kZwz:gzZ~::gzX
(Z 1999X@ L Lu L

210 209
 /
Ba}g vgzZ
Dg k0*
G~gvizg c*
C 6,y i ugi {z X Dg (Z 0
+i t 6,+zg gzZ D hg#
i 5 ~g u
{%wV~gzZ ]g (Z Z]
. yZ ~X
_7, -[ Z
Vzg F TgJ /ZX :
/ $U*
g ~" z ~r~!
~r
Xn : S ~ pX
-yvZ py{C g J
-u ]!*
X +
gzZ ~rX g Z 0ikZ ~1X D JgzZVC
Wg Zu(y{ Zzg Zu7Z6, y{ZzZg W M q
-Zg uZ
# .(
ezg ;gE- Z] z Zz ~g 1g LZ ) LZ rg x
Mt g ZugzZg uX ~ {zgzZ nZg **
V yZg u y{ Zz X ~ ] x **
wD Z+ ` M(t X @*
zg6,0
+i kZ KZgzZ Y kZ Z6,Vg 0*
kZ
kZX # H{gV~ TX C M ~
5 ;X zC
V1 /
g ZgzZx H}` M DX ~ 7,KZ hsggzZzg0
+i
$wq
y " -Z@gzZ q Z ZygzZ {g yYvZ ~ b ~g zgzZx HKZ% zZ~  gzZ Zz yk Zg Z
V1X y~~r~!6,}gtyog Z
/ /0
X
gg Z +iB
X : Y $~ yYvZ
{g LZ= X H ZzZ gzZ "
gzZ y{ [-Z y 0* +
a }h X [ Z E .

E4h! Z} -ZX e:S
X : Y"Vzf Zzq -V; z~1X H
$zy{[-ZX biZ ] zn[ !*
e $z
g Z2- e gzZy{~cj/ ~
vZ g Zu{Z_iugiy{C
qL LCq z g Z 6,e
-Z {g !* $z c*
0*
t ~}gz2- -Z~cjy{vZ ~ i kZX Lg~: {yy{
~ ZGY zq
# gzZ v g Z 6,ZX [t X Y H 
r x ** -Z
Hq ZzyZ yt X D ;g {Z_Zz LZ~ ykzy q
XT e **
Yax Q {g !*
z= X Tg~: {yyZ V; z @ X ~ y{vZ X
C=gzZ M ~( Iwq)q
\ M c* -Z ) K~g q
-Zr
# -Z
yZ J# X a 4zB yZgzZapg w Zz h1 yZ
X Hg Z M6, +
YUg ~gzZ Z{0iX I@ M ~X ;g Yc*
D ] !*
Q )X DgzZ Zg yZ Y k0*
vZ m,
 ;g^)l
+
]g2$ H6,
yYvZX x~ qL ~
L rg~r~! X ( g
XyKZ[8gzZ4Z yYvZX&CZ7Z~XV a yZX LgB yZ~ yZ~: {g yYvZ~
XD c* aY=gzZDYk0*
M 6, yZjgzZ Xg Z)f J 7,yQ {zgzZ Tg~ y yo~@

-Z X
zggzZ sq ( " gzZ N
( gz k Q ( Zg f [ Z =gzZ M k0*
Zz LZ= {zUg
# X H c*
Z x **
} (, # %q
gzZ Lg r -Z7ZX X X Z S N V2z Z ZX 3kF,
6,V LZ gzZ 6,\ M LZ gzZ z
X
M Y V } (, Lg D M ~ M }g -ZX M I : ] !*
= y jg izg q
y{C +
t ~h V2z

212 211
 y 0* - Z'
X ZZ q ~ y Zz ~gzH { c*
i N*
gX Z ZgzZ 6,( _Z) ZGY yxg} (,gzZ Lgy H !*
X H{ Ma`V16,x ZLZV3IYgzZyZ **
Y V Zx zg ~ VpaNgzZ X c*
x **
` Z% } (,gzZ Z c
gzV6~ bDy Z **
( : Zi MZ p~ ) X ZgzZ
,DZ \z
bkZ e g Z' /yZ yX Z i M -Z k0*
[ q yYvZX 6,Vzgzi k
B ~ Zi M x **
$zO Q
e
;~ox Z[ x~yX
g i ] qa[zZ: c*
c*  X | 7,[tX \
HwPeoples War Peoples ArmyX @
;xi Z ~ bD~%gzZX HZgB VrZOX Y ,
Zk M ~zg$o ! zZgzZ Zi M o _ !*
dgzZz, X c* YO Z
X ,[ zZ ~ H x Zk
0*
' , B ! zZ
d ~ gzZ ~k
HZg {!* }g
VrZXV: { /= X W,O yZ ! zZ yZ X ;g{gz *gzZ c*
Z /
yYvZX yYvZgzZ= Tg XoyZX gj@*
jZ X @*
J 7,}p} ha Ez7X D5~d6,(Granma)
**
M k0* (Va {zyKZ 4
yZ qi a gzZXg B zz ~ Y: X B"7,X 
~], ,
Z e Zkd y
yZ r# "1Zuu bkZX D- $Z ]gzE
L i8X Lg **
Y - Zk
 gzZ zg CZ f yZ q ,d = ~ X c*
M 7{'
X e:Z
X OZ Zg6,yogzZ6,7ZX D bZ VyZX D M k0* 6,!* ,xcJ
'
Y kZx ZgzZ 3gg Z -[ Z z7ByZX x
X Z {z c*
D sgzZ wq lpz!*
q ~ kZX
# A g Y O%Z
D M ! zZ yZ k0*
yZX (Base)6,Vzh N LZ " X c* Z~g
y ~ / kZ bX J 7,^ z7
Q c*
. kZ yYvZX a] ]_CZ f LZ {zX D Y .1KgX S7,[ t VyogzZ yYvZ ~X 1 {'
/_ u
dZ _ q  {z X h +y,q ]gzyZ ._
zyZ jZ }pY } i QX }s = g @*
L L; Mg a

~{ (Rolex) G # M [p%q
5zg VrZ Z -Z X yZ+ 4gzZ X g Z ! zZ~ j -! zZ ~c*
ZX g^q D*ZX 7,
-[Z jZgzZ yYvZX 
~ Vzh N H7wEZZ pJ Hc*
X D HgzZ D M:~l yZ ~wj ,ZX O I
C~{{z 9 N*
yZ[ ZX $ sX C]gzHkZ c*
Dk,
Z ~ y 0*
c* -Z M ~ l \z
/q /q
-Z~y
TX D ZQ~ V~ x ** $z E!Lc Z
e # [zZ t : = x Zx 0* [ zZ Vzg7gzZ VD6,i
X Y c*
X M ~V!*
yZgzZ c*
M: l $- yz s ~uz X " ~ y :
. L V0* gzZ
+
(h -Z
zVrZ Z (Z **
)~c niZhaMq .Q
Z} Hc*
X g Zi"uugzZ|4y

214 213
 # z ~ Xv,Z v
D M V yYvZtg t s M X VF,
kZ X H (Z ~ g y H= gzZ c*
~ zg Z kZ~
gzZy!* z kZ )m,
( yZ tg t ] !*
NXg H { c*
i {z TX ~ kZ Zjg X '!*
$ e
d $.~
gzZ 1~# yZ I YX D k0*
V 0*
Z ( 7 c*
Zi M g ZD -V ~ kZ X Z x
[ Z Y: ) J
D n ( g Zu ) F yZ @' Zzg D ~%gzZ M
, ] c* h 7n X
b
+'
y Zh .lp X 7~%V;z1X
wq ]gt XgZ q4z] $
LZ d -/ gzZ V ;g 
tJ p~ ~ T R
p kZ
X Ha $t
wgzZ Cx| 7d z kZXg VgzZ V Z
,
X : ^Y6,g( * .~(, yYvZ
}
*6zZVB+Za X# {z **
C ~}g !*
m yZgzZ yYvZ ZX (Z
XD7Vq[zZc*
VzZL
1gzZDeXDH# .pyYvZ
} X`hZzV Zz: {
w 7Z X gF yYvZ/ ~ X yYvZt ,
2ZpgzZVzgZugzZV1ZVzk # )Z
Z Z
ez# #
# z
X v@| -N*
~1wP X 1 ~8 gzZX g F ) q { M V} (,gzZX Z ^
, z~ #
gzZ ~ yZ ( C Z
Vzg7 ( X @*
Y k0*
yZ ~ V X Tg ~ yk LZ 6,ezg ugzZ # Zx7
)r -eZ X wb( !*
,
'g!*
yyZ Zz%V'
Y
H-E
g7a{z1X @*
Z}X`k- **
Y**
M k0*
yZ VzgzgzZ ZgiZszw &y{ Z[Z~w}~
[Z1X c*
N !*
z!*
5 {zvZ 5 Z (( ) @*
Y 7k0*
yZ a  Vzh N ( [0z x**
yZ szw~Vm{x
lpgzZX [ hgcZ~ V yZX D Y k0* ( zi!*
~
yZ  -Z k
q ,\R, -Z ~ yZ X ~ ,k
g q , {Z_ oLZ
**
Y **
M Zz!*
kZ1X [xi5 w *Z~ ;gE- +
X CKzg ayZh -ZgzZ ()&
 ]g~%l7Cq +Z
/A} (,
Hc*
X /ZX ~gYg2$
~ p + /
x Zz6, .yZYX @*
4z] k0*
# Y:X ~ ,k
gzZ Z Z9JZ ZgZMZy{ ZgzZyZZ ,t
( yYvZ~@
y{w~X ~ hgp ,
X =~ ]ZgZ ,kt X 3,
ggzZ ZyggzZ Kg0*
y{ Z
X SghZyZX D YD M k0*
yZyogzZ ,
X VZ ~%gZ' +Z
tzPgzZ& /R,
g ~w}
# r
Z # Zi M X TgB}~ ;gE- R } , z
yY vZVz X c ZVz jgzZ ^
# gzZ X vD g F
gF yYvZg F gzZ ]Vz Z -Z c*
X{q izgY:X}I~yZ~q Z{g yZV;
X MaBw yogzZ yZX M yaBgzZ 6, zi !*
N !*
)
Z kZ~zg Z HF,
ni  ~
'
g 1Z =gzZ c* CN*
M y )GZg yYvZx 
g -Z
q ` M Z # X q4z] .~Eu yZ SX ~ V Zz

216 215
 '
H` ~ ~h B yZ ~ X6,3

Z ~ ;gE- V yZ )GZX
CZg \ gzZ]gzp[ Xg} Z * Z~
~ ;gE- X yYvZ g
yj
jZyZ V yZ X D M Y= ~ }D rg Z
#
y{ a !*
W z }X D Ya "7, v c*
d $z 5 Zg
2- e
'
)GZ -ZX YzgzZ
t X ~tg , BZuzgzZ ~j q
'
VYd W\ M c*C= )GZXgN Z~c Z~gzZ z
X _7, hYM%ZgzZ\g- J 7,
D:gzD YM HV;zX
"7,
j
w~: { y yZX c*
0* #
~g OZyYvZ y yZ Z
y{ w yYvZX y{vZZ e =g ( yZgzZ Zy{
34 X c*
=H **
'
3a
CZ VrZX C yYvZ]!*
+Z ` M g )GZ ~
;g a
-x !Z by*Z skZ : {
x ,ZX V J HHZ Y: @*
X '!*

+
gzZ FY X { kZ1Y{ CZ Zh c*
wZ eB; ~ -Z X7Z c*
q C VzZ eX g F ~ yYvZ
Zj: yZX ;gg66,;~}g !*
: { X

+
X j {zX vgzZh e {P yZ izg
yoy{Qg x X h
E
43E
{!
+Z @* -[ Z
Y1X Zf yZ}: }J z, zX ;gm q -Z~c Za ~  y EG IF,X 8 yZ
Y
I4
W'!* z gzZX Y ,{ c*
+Z i ~}g!*
X

MB ? 17 @* CVrZXg Y EjG
c* ~e Z~(,
e: p @* # X W6,yZ b
CY
Ww~V Z -D
J z Dgz!*
~g F gzZ X c*B g ZD
s -Z X Vg6
q
~}g !*
yYvZ[ ZX VqTX C c*
i **
W6,yZ c*
[ Z VrZ X N Y c Za ` yZ ~ X MB
},x y{/Q X 47YZ = r:~ }g !*
yo X V t~x iZgzZ X Vz VYb **
% `
+
0i KZ TV ~}g !* - 4,
kZ q
yZ , ~gzgzZ . x **
yZ X ` ] yYvZ c* H\g- ~ Z
M :ZzgzZ #
PgzZX ~y!*
6,x Z}g gzZ V ;g {g~6,T a}iukZ
ziZI -[Z Z] U*
X J q%~whw
"gzZ ZZ"u Zu r: ~}g !* + V; kp
yZX yY yZh$ 2000~gX@ L Lu L

218 217
 gzZ X V U~ }g !*
0: { q-Z PgzZ X 7~ }g !*
jByZ bZX V ;g W`q~}g !*
bkZX Z
X Vz{ekZ Conclusionc*
Epliogue -Z $
}uz q +~ gzZ
ghZz ~ wqC -Z ~%
}uz q
] V{z @*
Xce r ZzC
w Z,z _bZX
Zg Vz~}g !* kZYX b Z] .c* . g$
Z] +
E"
Z xZ X }g c*
wJZg ~gWX ~gzt a F,
X -ZgzZ ) Zi WuZ Z E1E
Zjq ,j
x)
y{g Z
+
X nq&e }{z7gzZ7]gz"7, Zi W~ 1 V _7, p
z :{
~ wj /Z  i ug !*
Z
+
mDX ~gza}ag {0i Xce 7,= [Z ,j_ ~%j Z
gzZghZz {)zy{) x)
/
z bgzZ X Y7~Q^YX ag Z
zgzZagz @ {zZ gzZ]z: {
# V Zz: {  g zyZ
gzZ X Yg {W= gzZ sz^f } 7,X 7ea}R Y Y ~I F, /Z ) X 6,
Z /e: ZI F,
gzZ zi !*
N !*
46,x zz
Xce **
= 7Z ] q1X T e 6,5 Zg kZ gzZ w LZ {z T X (
[xZ}g } H qza kZ r6, : {
L L ~ Wx @*
1X gB}g y 7
-ZvZ bkZX c*

,+Z q
~I F,
~ y/~ w yZYX ce r~}g !*
: { N !*
gzZ} (,
:g Zu:X yZ : ,( ~(, Wd
$gzZ Lga
6,kZV2z ~X g @*
-Zt F,
q [ ZI F,SgzZ VE!*
._o LZgzZ 46,x c*
4z x ZyZ1gZ 7,zi !*
p ~X 4ax kZ p C
{z~w}gzZX a +Z y@gzZ *Z{ ZPbkZX Y7i Z0
X YYH7i Z0 +Z~ i Z
:X `D
z {z1X l]1 X p ~k
Z 4 ,gzZ X hg * kZx **
gzZzg~1{ ZP{z
X 0* '!*
]z ~g ZX .
: g . ~ , gkZ ] qkZgzZ{~ 7=
V{z TX
Bp{zZX T e 7 **
x (Z y{ wN ~}g !* ZX Vj~}g !*
V ~ZgzZ ZZ: { yZ
ZB { Z _ Kg 0* C7R,
yZO X Le L L n~ I yZ X
gz WZ kZX c* ,
~VyZ b~'\ WLZ ~gzZX e: ,
h 0 bZX : {z **
g ZX M Z9~ $Z 7Z Kg 0* ] P a } i [ Z
7]gz ~}g !* 3
X D 7I {z Z R,
L Lq +Z x t [ Z X H
-Z t i ,yZVzg%F~}g !*
V1! ZZgzZV' yZ VYX
# ZGZ}
X H7g Z WaZ r .Z e x }X [Y ,~ Va
_ ) Zi Wy{ Z
# li **
r X
Zx Z Ha =O yZ V;z
 ~}g !*
] Z|Piug !* # y )
Z r ,j
i ug !* z m,
Z gzZ }QX Z yZgzZ X V ~}g !*
yZ [ ZX ~ Vzc*
V*g V1~}g !*

220 219
t yLg]gZ Z gz X~%{

z kZX ~ wh~ [ g Z) Zi W ~X KZ c* #
KZ\ W = r
z ]gZ Z T X Cg c*
lg *Z1!* z xZi**
xj% gZ VXgzZ XX Z c*
V ! Z ~ c Z~ kZ p yjg L L
$.{zz!*
D Hx uZe k#ZgzZ ~gZ **
XD H) ZiW i ug !*
Z ~Q X c  u L L LCc  ) Zi Wm
/Z: q^tqX c*
;VzwEZV~Z ]!*
lgX VZ c* GE
X 6,iZ p ? 3pzg L L ~ c
+
0i: Z- x **
/ w ,Yg! ZgzZd ~
VrZX Z:I7Z e: { ^ yZX ~]g
ha H{g~Widow's HutI{gzZ (,
gzZ M kZ +I*
t T e {zX Hg Z h pKZZ by{ w
*} g Z
-ZC
X y*Z {ztX Hq ~~ h {z ZzgzZ X M
1X M
\WLZ xj%  h 4xj% 
x
#
. .x ZZuW"gzZ d
} $ xLZ t7}g h g Z + 4s{z X c*
~g6a x ,Z X M !Zj [ Z
Za W~ V Z gzZ X , Za g( Y ~ yZ X N ZVzgzZgzZ F X Hx t ayZ VzgzZX n7g Zc LZ {zX g Dg Z
,
k -Z KZ~ L L{ 
q &wkZgzZz w wZ uDkZ ,
X| g Zc yZV'gzZ
$& 1 V-gz$ KZ x

DQ VZ x Zd Hy ~ +
a kZh X wJ~g Z)ft VY Y:6,\ WLZ ~
@*
Y Zg @* $J
Z 7S u x Zd -Z
# X ( e7y 6,
g Z ) 'Y ~%{ 
 B; yKZ , Z e bkZ gzZ X Y 7gzZ ~
X 7eF,
~V Z gzZ ~ x Z y wt yKZ q r~:'!*
!*
:'
6,grZx ** +Z
1'
DgzZ
i
Z b~
:X :~i q z kZX N [ xkZ;gzZg z:gzZ V | ]: X yKZ d
X $gzZ **
-Z ~'i
q +Z: V
Zz I yZ }g ' z y!* z<
i:  : z {zX @*

b {  * zX $
* z
WB; u { H~ kZ
+|C
: { !*-V ! {g ZD
J a  y_ y|zy Thankless z {z L 1
t 'X
g } h ay
L X
M a
gzZ 4z yKZ ~g D | V 7a kZ X D c*
Yc*
W gzZ w= yZ p6,
X H ZgZ6,
g g!* Job
V Z X g**
( c* X h+I/_
=)~: { . # .a V'
} 4 7v CCX @*
1X I yg1 ;g}gX YZ
. WZ Hk0*
gzZ ZGZ} )7Z~3Pz
}g C X
D YnZg** #
v }qzIsZ
pgW
gzZ] }g yZ y{ wgzZ ( n gzZyZ Z +
( LZ ) 60i xKZ 6,V\Wu V2z
z yKZ,Z
X DW"gzZ Dg Z gzZV{ W6,( Zz
~OX Vga o ])nC
-~g t akZgzZ ByKZC
z zK Zz ~g g Zg t gzZH6,
Z# H
zkZiWxkZz!*
~gFgzZ iZ **
KZ

222 221
 /
)x _gzZ z ZVxu! ZgzZ_g e6,~z ~]5z^~g '
)
X Z
D ;g v Cc*
Zw~ ]z )l y{ *Z{ ZP~ x c*
Z 4Z
 }i 5 7,%ZX 7/Zz ~g V {0
+Zp **
Cc*
ZwX
# gX gy{{z ;g ~yZ
~ Z r
$**
T c*
~]! $
gkZgzZ f /{zX W, -( kZ
O q
B VZ_ yZgzZ *Z { ZP VrZ yZgz Z X g Za
nX Kg
wW /{z g
/Z
# gzZ X c* yj
H Ygeg !* jZ
7Z ZwX aw& Zw7Z `)l~
: {
35 z }g  uZ Z~ ~}g !*
yZ gzZ
.6,ZX _[ Zy
q yyZyZX Nq]

~gz r1X ;g Z< Z ~}g !*
Y zz yo X D HgzZ D: y.6, ~
g izgzZ kyZ X : { q
~}g !*
VzgzZ FByZ kZ X Z 7,g 7Z~y
M
Zpga#
7Z VrZX ~ i 57ZXZ { Zi[ Z@
~+~<!* ,izg1X r!Z c*
x kZ iz' <!*
kZ H{ Zg Z X g D+~ gzZ m {z V- X ~ ]i YZ +
V Zz: {
+W-
Xg i Zh $Y Ua:YX
gxg U*MgzZ 'agzZ {Zz yZ~~gzZ Zy{wX ~g^ yZ Y
'
1X , bh +].h + t X V cz U [ Z ~ 1 Xb Z{=g f
E4]
YMq ?-G
-Z ~ F z!*: ] qiZ 0 + ivV }g
X
X@ L Lu L
2000~gz

cZX ggzi yy~c ZX  ~z1954

X Z 7,^ 5 ZgsgByZ0
+{LZ~X H q Z Z [ xZ6,S
M kZgzZUgzZ **
X ;g M ]gzpu" zz lg !*
tZ}vP y{[-ZQgzZ y{ X ;g U ~zg !*

224 223
: X i !* $f Z Y ~ y
Z yZgzZ X ~ H{ e $zX ~ n
~ ;gx ~ V ~ ] :Z%: { ]g \e
g yZgzZX VrZ Za ]~ ~g Zi M x%gzZ 9 c* ,Y
JB' 6,iz6,ezgtg zd
$
Bezgg Zz k0*
k ; ~ )
I
{zX b{ Z_g Zq -Z egzZ ]}g a gzZ $z L L: ; ]:Z e
 2- e
 $zw1 X3 ~ e M gzZ:7 ~
&
~ ~g u) ~uzt [Z hg ~ ~g u= X ]LE /VY= Y: X VZ
H7g HHg aY [
]i YZ X ZyZ )y V2z sX 7 HTX ~ 7,hg H$~ TX B
q zzz # +
i 5~: {]g \h H
X
# yo c*
r M@uZ ZX D c*
H( ~ i !*
Z ~ e M QgzZ X *
zC
~ ~: gzZ Y ZgX Sg @Y H F,
Z
X~VzfZ ~g up{zX 3] yZX ]5
yZ: { y.6,v C t X c* C Zi M e CZ gzZ Kg
Zj V ~ & g
z yKZgzZI F,
vZgzZ hZ ~g" ~yZ X X ;g Z c* $ 7Z = (
@ e z 0 } ) r
# xs1X D Y
X H qz **
/VrZyY X V }
.Z e X [ **
[ Z ZGZ}
Z6, Y : { ` [p HX c* .kZ g h $
g[Z ZGZ} +kZ
yZ( ~ X4k0*
yYvZXD YT x **
KZgzZ]zW,
IZ Z T Zz]g @*
g Zp ** ,X ;g| (,
u"R' M
Zi M } (, c )x c Z D Z F,c*
~ gzZ X k0* Vzi !* z V Zz g ZE
Vz {zV{ YgzZ V Zz q
-
X Y{g@Jy
M X Zxi 5~ ]:Z e
$z jg X
g| (,+
z VCq { nnC $Y "
$y/ y [ Z Vz X Z yc*
i
V2z@g rLgzZ c*
@*M a q ] ~}g !* V V ht {zX
M
`g
M h H } 7|kZ
/ZX
g e
yZgz 1960~gJ~ 5x 5 yo= ~c1959X @*
Y +kZ wP swP ~ ZZ%ZX Y7
o g $
x **
Tg:pzq H@~OX V Y@Y
-Z VrZ `X yyZ LX g MF,
~` X ;g^YZ
bkZX ~gZi !*
: { ~g ; 3g g :pz L L VrZ $z L
c Z[Z ;X Zg " ~ ~ , e
(g:pzt Zz qz? x **
0 { e Z g !*
zg % ~uz ~ y yeX @* 7 ~g izg"gzZuX ! zZX p" xg~
Z<
H
Xyo %kZX ~g ZgzZZX
} 7,~
g {z
w ~
{ w; pzX ] Zg]gzp H] Zg {z 1960~gJ # )
5 y{ r ,X 0*]z ~ 1958m 2Z xX H5
E" E"
JX : Zzg R6,uv { ezg b ao y E1E
gzZ FyZgzZ iugiy{C ZyY qE1Ey{g vZ
TlpgzZ w ( yZgzZ yo %X `g Zi !*
X ] Zg ~u ~ X VrZ4{ c*
YX 1:g7g**
i 

226 225
 # X M 7]gz =gzZ%g:pz
4Z ~ y Z LgZg/Z ) yYg *{zyogzZ}X xV2z
g:X c* # ox Zg `
{ Z_V2z}uzgzZp r +
yo ) yY Zh gzZ ( H 5]~Y} wg )uZz IyYvZ (
.G
$YC
+ p Zvg e 16,Vzi Zzg eg1 w; pz zgz8
-g V-g Z # osg ZX r
r # { Z_yZgzZ ( Sk@
Zx M gzZ }g kZ X Z
z Z6,: { Zg/Z yYg *XAZz x **
}Z ~yZX c*
Z yZ
+g
[ Z ~ m `gy y uZ X Lg Zz-i /V Z Tlpu" X M V'
t ZgzZ X \z ,zz
,
X N Y ~ Z ]gz ) H7ZX Y{C
k ~ y 1 + Z # oXezgP Zz ykyo DD
Zz ygzZ ar
3g a yox **
X M g f zgg:pz @* 1 4V LZ yYvZVLZgzZ 7Z~ V-uX:@
K
ZXDgy y _a gzZBh N Z y{zX } (,} (, ~0
g Z ! l +X ] ~0
+br
# o Y:X
,~ TI 3ggzZ ]gzpq
qe Va kZ s' -Z h N VrZ /#
kZY ): X g Z .^ N*
} # o X ;6,yZp,
g r
-Z &
X 3g~R} i Zzgsq +e } u ** -
gzZ y D 4Z~} #X ;g V ( : nz ~@J z
L = Zz qzg !*
= X zg yo w; pz .izg Z X 3g **
Z kZ c*
3[p ** /
3X x
/Z ) ! Vz y
o ( : gZz !~ Vz p J c*
tX ~g ZD M7 c*
~g ZD # oX
[ZX ?~ytr
Z  KZ ~ @* qz l yk a } y -Z6,ezg {z kZgzZg: yt X ; gg:w y
X@ { YZ q
Zz~ {@ezgyY c*
`ykm,
q-Z LZ { PlX VjZj Z yoX Zy!* L j8yoQgzZ %e
$gzZNt Z E $.y
E. \ E.\
!*
yX
V[ !*
g Z{@gzZ` @*
[ !*
gZ x **
g Zg kZgzZ o V 1 m ]!* gzZZg Z ykZX ~ 1 y
wEZ 6,g g: V, LZ ` @*
[!*
g Z Z X yk kZ o VYugzZ
D Y [ !*
g Z @ X D YK c*

-
J z kZ X * # z
*g OZ= | L tJ
-Z# c*
0*
t X H X
D Y
E. \
', YB= r # oX 3gB LZ~ yLZ= r # o gzZ Zg1 V yZ x **
4ZgzZ Z Z VyZ
) ' " Z  gzZ Zz ~ Lg B@ k ; *z
5G
,a }i 5 ~g u E a yZ X x **
kZ# Z PAFgzZ ^g7 *Z ~@[ Z
# oX @*
} iZr # z
| gzZ @* /
Zja^} x ( gzZ^g7 *ZV @*
]gzqZg Z yZX
9
Z]gzpa^}XyKZtzf !* gzZ t
p C Zg Zg u Ztz/X YHy*Z pZ } Z8
k0* /8
VzZB=gzZ Z x -g}agzZ 1 Z s
B x
/ -Z7ZgzZ B g }i {|
q # z # o Z (ZgzZX Y |
yZr # z

228 227
 @gzZ {(gzZ ( Crule) wXg H a } w!*
24X.
J.G ZQgzZ X c* $7c   & X
a Z|7Z ^ Zzgg f
-Z r
] kZ {z C ~ugT] q # oX D c*
Z [ Z [ c*
( Z yG Y ~ ygzZ ~ iZ
u )z4
pgw[p V !*
Xn X D: Zizggzw!* ,
X D:gZ' D c* # ogzZ !
/LZ z 4Z [ xZ kZgzZ r
Z|^gzZ} x
-Z r
q # o J
-
z kZ X qz M g0*
]c* M
z Z y +y
~ y Zgz kZ X ~h N* -ZgzZ ^1 a }{z kZ X
]gzpq
}Z bkZ X c* # I} +
~ y ( *zy )r gZ$.
e +ZVg] c*
XKqgi z Z ig:pzgzZVzpzZ
# - ZeCc*
M~y Zg$r 4q-ZpzZc+Z $
y Z d ezgg c* z}g \ gzZ m,
{gt yY Z yZQ
# I g0*
sD M r # oy
{Z_ r X Vx  Cooper6,={z V yZgzZV Yk0*
yYZ
T)]z g Z~ y}~ z Z ZX D=~ V-gZ7ZgzZ DY $.~OX , bC
ogzZgze ~{z X } ZC AZz
`@*
-
J 5J4G
z kZX Z Za y{ E CZuz ( H
58Eg ~f
z : { ,N*
c Z tz tzf } (, Inspire^ C g \ gzZ u| r
? #
wa LZ~ @* HHg8 -ggzZ **
aZX Z {yk c*
C V ~(,~(,x ~ q
-Z X Hx ~ T
g Z% YZz6,ezgg V;z X Z: Zzg
5JG
E 458EKZ ~ pe
$.gzZ
Hw~6, r # oO X V M @ # o ~ }g !*
r ]c*
z Z Z XK 7geg M ]c* +
z Z ZgzZ &e
Q{g V;z izg X c* # ogzZX c*
y r M {ZzgzZ ~(,yZ y{ ,
g ~i ZggzZ w; pz'!*
w; pz@w; pzX , ]
3}g` @*
[!*
gZVX c* # o
{@ezgyY~gKZr $.yKZC
e gzZ(C # o X D Z
r {gt nC # o M p
r
~(, # oQX gZ
KZr ,
'{!*
pV,@~ykX HxOZ X @*
] x Z GZ
kZ ~ X c* /si w ]b `
Zz4Z ~ g 0*
 y LZ= gzZ c*
ZC yY Z Cooper6,

vZgzZ ~ c* /gX ]gz Hpy
C : {z1X 4 {@ g $.gzZ h1XCooper6,~wjg 0*
/e X ~
dZgzZX 7,D`\ M
f7,~si wjZV(yY c* ZC VVX KZ= ~ yX M
C gzZ c* z yKZ e
$.gzZg
X ~gzgzZVQX V~1p eX ~gz Cooper6, h1 nX
m,
p C z x H}
yY Z
zX
VzZ e L ( ~ S )
L [py 4Z Z~yg 0* +
2gi ~ 0 ~gzZb}gt=
iX bC
# )B6,a] c*
gzZ qz M ( i z ZgzZ ~zSs~g z yKZ[vg gg 0*
X ! !
v MgzZ
X Zz~y
X g !* $.
zg e -t0*
yo X Z :Zz@ J $.~
x CZ yEZ e
2000 X@ L Lu L #
yZX ~~h KZ = y1p{z X~g OZ}r

230 229
 M@y{ ` Zc@C +c Z [ xZP
 wD Z ~ yZ g$
X 6, ~
/eg TgVr
# g ZZzx HLZ C
 X
-ZgzZ y{Z[c*
q wD Z X Tg~ y ZX ~@ y y{` Zc
~ @ r
 ~ gzZ Tg ~ E yZ
# 
yoX c* HF,
ZIV;z 7ZgzZ l( a yZ Z f x **
[Z
yZgzZ ]Zg Z| m
{z X bC $ Z
| (, gzZ !*
Dy!* $ ZIF,bkZX |4gzZcZ:Zz{g/
id
V !* {zX '
i , ,3!*
Z' # o X D M Y Vz
a r
i
X DV' ZyZgzZ D
Z ( yZ ) yKZgzZ ,F -Z
%NgzZ [8 gzZ q 36
gzZ [} (, / *
[ Z _ Z *tX yZ Vz X D M w; pz
O Z , r
X 6,gzZ W, # 0*
X 0* $ Z
y d ( ~ w; pz Z X
( yo
gzZ} bZgzZ D (,
g gzZ ^ yZ Z X yKZ ( gzZ ]Z|a ~BX Lg **
I F, Y **
M V.g gzZ Vzg7
gzZ [ Z _ {z X C Z 8I
q X D ;g"~ x 6,g @* ** # o ZZz9 V2z
M ~@V2z yZ(LZ
W y{Zg ZugzZ D7 y{[ ;z Y qg y{xj%g ZuF20*
d x
$g
z,ZO X D Y Vw; pzD &
+ +
e D &e= @*

x {z nZg ** , gzZZz yZ X Tgg$
yZ vg ) + yX = }X D M Yw; pzgz{z DV] c*
c* z Z
X sz^~GLZ {z1D~g ZabZz } X D7
7~  Lgk , 2 .J2Z
+i Z Z Z e xj%bg E
G z }g \ }
-Z VrZ z!*
gzZ yo ]Zg q .6,gzZ 4 Z X v%VZ gzZ -Z7 c*
q bkZX D Mg:pzY gzD M@Z
x ** #

. c*
gzZ yZt X Zz ~ ezg ZGZ} +a }
yLZ ~ ] ~0 +
X
] h [ Z ( hZz x ** z y!*
yZ j) j $gzZ
Z _L LZ }p0*
~C yXyKZ W 0*
X wV {zX Zi M x **
g Z XD H  g Z~ S4 c* [Z~
zgZ {  z
,
X lp CkZ k+yKZ xgzZ x HgzZ q
2 -Z gzZ X D 
/Zzzz k ,2 .J2Z~g7 X*Z'
+i Z ZgzZ E
G ,Z bZX D MY
-Z V;zX c Z~ X D"
7Z y}izgq $ _ ]gzp -C }[ xZ FvX D c*
q {z
M {z { x

232 231
 ,~ Y@~ yg2$
'
X
D YKg DVf Z kZ vgzZg Z + x, ZgzZ yKZxpyo t }X M ~g Z
KZ X B7]J
-[ Z H1 q ]  
XD HgV KZ
X
CY ~ g@*
Z B3 V KZ {0
+i X @*
7 H yKZ a gZ MZ Z~ w; pz
zx 
 z Z6,yZgzZq
-Z
yKZ Y: X
CY ~ wZ e sQgzZ cu~V\ M
FyKZ  B V LZ ~@[Z gzZ } (, Vz ~ /{z X D
Xyo ; o gzZ u" 7Z yo pX D ;g u~ f
$
Vc*
: VY
? 0*
6,@ c*
M w Y: yo /g{zX yZg !*
x **
yZ X D] ~(,yZ r
#
X ,wb{g !*
zZ ]~(,~ V lpgzZ D Ht Z ~ : M r
# ogzZ {z X
kZgzZy 0* $- yz y 0*
{g X ZJ ~ Vzz zz . z kZ
# oX Q
gzZ {z LgzZ~gzZ j[Z {z LX t mr
Hc*
gzZ y 0* -Z X
Tg Dge z ] M ttyKZ x
q X D Y ZtgyZg !*

YE.G
-4X
V1Z V g ZMZ X 7 x Zx y 0*
? c* -Z
X ! fq } 5 d $ Zgg gzZ M Jh1L Lgr # o%q-Z
# yX Vkg 0*
kZ r ,
(4ZgzZVzV-OagzZVzkezVzg Zu Hc*
X NgzZ hZ X 3 Gwz**
~ Z y 0*
 c* , VrZ 0*
5' ag ZMZg qz?3 H c* # ogzZ c*
Zh ZtZr ugZgN yZg!*
X N Y~ h 4N*
kZ Ya -~ O~ hZ~zZLx ** -y
gzZh1J
kZ ~ kZ Z ug M
yn, -Z ; yn,
ze@q zez V QgzZX ~ y 0*
! f T XyKZu0*
gzZwu 0* -Zr
,Zq # oX ce**
gzZ
{zX Y Hwb@~yn, # oX yn,
ze@ e r ze] !ZuzgzZ V yZ X ;g Y @* ,i zg ~ Vw ( r
Z iz' # o
-Z~w26,
X 1 q $
zZ~g V Zzt d X 6 7e~ ~H{ e
$f Z Y : ix **
+
$ z ( }g
{z t x 6,gzZ ( ]gzpyZ Lt xj%
z kZ # ygzZ y{ *ZgzZ y{/ZX Z{ wW
Ir nQgzZ@
@~yn, /
ze@ x Zz6,[ ZByZ
zgzZ m,
yoX +
zkZh
~ # )
BV LZr ,X~g7~C
{g ZD

~%jO X wb @ ~ o !*
~ w}X , wb e LZ $ZgzZX VZ Vc*
ZK 0*
( / #
X
HZg6,]!*
kZ j ygzZ t X 0* -Z~
)q
gZ !* CX
gzZ i ZZgzZ y{vZ gzZ ( j) K.B~ TVg/ ~
{uZ Z{z t gzZ y j~ )X Y Hwb@ X ~ ,f XX ~ Z !*
gzZ Z x ** ,a 
Z'
E
+
gzZ~h c*
H X~gzZ Eoy{x ZVz
/ $f Z h$
{ e +t X %z a l
g N*
V (~ H

234 233
~(, q
-Z ~ kZ X N qzVx
/u@ kZgzZ X Z* # 4xj%Vz yz @gzZg@~ ~h yZ yo
yZgzZ r
+
0 +
i ( gzZ0 xygzZ ~  y{/Zy{ t t
i ~ Kg 0*
 # y~  7 c*
r [ Zx ** -Z =g
XVzgzZq
X g g yn,
ze@gzZ X ~ V Zz qz # ygzZ
~ ) 7Z HgH Q r y 7Z r
] 
X ~ { Z_V2zgzZ F{zX y{ *Z{ ZPgyn,
ze ] ! t o X q~ )gzZ :Zz X 7wJ] VrZ1X ~
- ;g V LZ ~Z V Zz yn,
: wb @ J ze ] ! Hc*
oX gjgzZ H yo X c* /
V- x Zz6, yogzZ
X H -Z ZtgzZX c*
q
Z 6=gzZ ~R, /y{{gT
wVz $**
t
@ xZ y VM 7
- } ~i!*
kZ @QX Y ~ ] qVzg7V1}uz~T Y H*
XV7lp{zkZ GX Hg66,
Kg0*
{ey{/ZgzZh Hc*
gzZg7 Z yZ X } ] Vzg7 yn,
ze ]!~ 6
#
VzgZuLy{ kZX ( gzy{ ) $ZZ X bz~ ^wy{ X {)z j_ ~
YG!
# )
y{/Zy{ Vzg7 a vgzZy{gzZ r ,w Kg 0* X M E
54h zyYgzZ ]!j ( c*
=J-V ) s
,}'
/gzZX M' , } pkZX c* +Z
~%jggzZ Hi Z0 -
7wb J z kZ@ ~ yn,
ze LZ H c*
C M VrZ
{ Z _@ ` Zgzi6,y{
LZyYvZygzZt oX c* -Z
gz~H \ M 1X D 7;g v }g J# ,
$Z~ Xg Z sVzg7 a Vzt X 5B
X,
T Xg 7yz Kg 0*
/{ c*
i {zX c*
hgB yYvZ # 
~*~@g @ r y 0*
O
He
gzZX $ZuJ
- C c* ( kZ
Z9Xy_ a ~x Zy ~g]ZgzZ 7Z ~R,
w @  /Z X ~ ] q
+?gzZ x ( Vzg7 ) { YgzZ
X ~ n~ x Z{0 (: pkZ h M 7@zz sz^{z ~ q :Z r
XM # 
X c*
[
$X Z7 Vzg7 ~ kZX qz~
x Zd /]g z OQ J
-V # ~g]gzZr
X ~ q :Z qr # %Z
E
X yYV.g iZPgzZ }g ZzSl,
ggzZgz' Ey{Y qo Zt ~ )gzZ q -Z ~ y t o
;~ !*
,x Zy 46,x : ZgzZ 46,bkZ
' *t ~ ~g Zz6,ezg y{c d
$
y yQ ~ ^ } (,q
-Z
X c*
Z96, X p Vzg Z- sVzg e^ tX
6,fyoX HW, ,6,
Z Z' gzZ yo wq]gkZ ~0*
~ V gzZ ~gZ-g e s s# z kQ
t
M0
gzZX xz yi Z 6f ~ V ~y +i {z H W,
Z (Z gkZ hYKH
X M

236 235
 yZX xz V>yKZ( q
-Z bkZ X M
h7J
-] !*
wq ]g KgzZ 6f { ~ X YY V ,
/Z6,
X 7ea
pzX Z: Z Z h t hX V @*
rZ6,Z X e '
t~w} HakZf w;
X Zz: {

2000~ZX@ L Lu L

37
z kZ Hi M w; py yo Z
X gz ( #
$.Vz X3,
JgzZ% Je g y 0*
! f r !*
[ ZgzZ gy{ [-Z
[-ZgX x ZgzZgz6,
a { c*
i**
[ Z r !*
1X yKZO
w r !* z {z 0{ 
1X @* !*
` @*
"o g q
X
i!*
~gZ' -Z r
gZu~w}X C%q # q
-Z]!*

+
oX{Z_yZ~NDPyoXg{zh # XZj
gzZNDPZ
gZu r !*
y~gZ' -Z
Xb Z } (,
%q i!*
r#

7,Z
{ZpV{z pVzgZugzZ V1Z
w #
p~ X
D]!*
H V1Z\ M [ L Lc*
[Z r !*
X
}g 9 X N Y:6,
V!* !*
~gX B:C \WX 7[ZN*
g

238 237
Z S7,k
,~ ~ m, # ~% j
Z VrZ X ~ Z Z u|H Zgc*
X gKZgzZ
HBgzZX N M~
yZ Z ~g7 X hZ yZ ~ w V y X C!*
.
_ X ~ ]gy 0* z kZ
! fgzZ X ~ Vz o
X {\ Zg e6~Z
gzZ W, ,
Ok ,] q 4ZX ygzZ|4uu[ ~ [fX X gzZ wX Zg7
| (, kZ {zX S7,k
yX | m ,~zg Z vZ ~ }g J kRgzZ DR V26,x i
- ` M X Kg 0* /z6,
X [p h0*
'x ZX ,z
e X M g7yZgzZ VZ m,
7;gx Z z M~
~ h +
y{/X gC !*
Y a  gzZ y_ y ,D (
,Z Z )/Z
~g Z' # gzZX
yZ bVz
gzZ w u 0* %NZ (, M }} @:Zz Z
yoX ZwLZ l F # X ~V~g Z% YgzZ
ZVzz yZ c* /
x Zz6,x q
-Z gzZ lpu" {z X yKZ C!*.
_ k0*
}g X M (TY@ ( yogzZ~) Vz
Y
H-E I $
[x &[ ZZ [ ~ $Z !* HwV; X , ( ] ) EjF
X 4hGg kZ7Z X g7g Zu6 gzZ Z6,LZ}g X Z qz**
Y ** (
M V Z
X a !*
yZ(gzZ yZ {zgzZ D ) M ~g7KZ X @*
[ Zyg !*
zg X @*
nH
I
5_ g Z S7,k
,
X J~ qi kG ,~ ~ m,
Z i ZZ RX D7{ Zz6, yo SX D Y g ( g&
yV[ +gzZ
~ uyZk,ZgzZy 0*
X[x W, ZIj_ a !* X (gzZ>~
( ]g )z yZk, Z yZfZ gzZ Z^ 0* ,
I y Z X k %N6,
gzi F $g/iY X g , q +_e y{[-Z
Xe
X w wz ( S)] *n ~ Zr}iu{zyq gzZ ~g!*
X Z !*
gzZ Z DX k ; z~ yZ
# yo
~%j~ y c@{ Z_ [ xZ LZ r -
X ( :J zkZ !*
M xsZ Y: )~~ H
I Y
$ H-E

py # oX c*
x p ~gzZ mgkZr g &i ZZgzZ
EjF4hG [ xM LZ X Z$Z V Zz @ X $Z B.D
Z T z}g V ZzT
tzzyogzZ t Xg [ x } }g ~ kZ X $Z Z DQ b Zz
HHx Z DLZV;z X
kZ )gjgzZ Sy ) y{QX ] !gzZ ~%j@X ]!gzZ@ ; yn,
ze z ~ yX
Y
H&
) )
X ( b m> 2Z >{zsZ z VrZX
bZ - Ey{ Z[ Z~n$ZX [ xvZ
$kZ A LZ~ ~h KZ p r
yZ X e a d # o V 5y_QgzZX V 5X B; yZ~ ! x yZgzZX Hx
$Z@
t gzZX B vZ e
Vl VZ VZp| VY x T j7Z y{ Z QX W,
Z Z(,6,V~fx Z
z kZ X
/
Xg ) Xg Ysg!*
zg Xlp X c* ~
ZC

240 239
 ` @*
ZIvZ Z~ T )T /! zZ 6 kZ izg q
{z -Z X
H3g|0
+!*
~ kZ {z ZX ~@ a  !*
:gzZ:~@vZ a
+y
@: gzZ X wyZ h z kZ X D
@ : @ yZ ~@: i Z Zt 7Z Y: XyKZ d
$a !* -~DLZ
,zX: q
# tXT
kZr ;gaV} (,
. i eg c* ~
ZT D~@ !*
/Z !7bkZ yKZ,Zq
-Z yo1?: c*
Y
q g KZ q {z ZxgZg eyZ%Z:qzg
-Z g OL~ c* ,
X i Z Z ' ,
Z' 7Zyo

)kZ @* 7, c*
=J-V t ] !*N ( M n }g  }i 5~g ugzZg gzZ g ( Z~y ~g V 4Z
4){ c*
H5H
G  )1!*
i lggzZX~gzZ iug !*
ZjvZ ~ z cu ) +F, z x 
/ZX Tg t y Z {z X g^ gzZ w
y{zyat c*
yoX @*
7,7 c*
gzZ {zkZ ( yKZ Zw ~g gzZ ~g^ gkZ yZ X D M~ y Z ( k~ k] m,
Z C
Va) c* ( ! zZ Va }g X M
y_ Z~ h7 ,J yZgzZ K g
u| Z' /~ cZX ~X B~7Z
)\ LZg7 \ kZ @*
 # gzZX @*
\nZ Y H Exclude H3g Zzg
X
X @*
7 z + F,d
o w z g gzZ $ }g gzZ r
# o
! zZ ~ qz Z g c*
^gzZXce Kg 0* Z /( nYZ
{z /Z ) (kZ yogzZ~~%j ( L) t
kZ Z X Z j 6,]!*kZ yZXg gzi6,~g  zz yo {z X !* $.t o y!*
%Ne
gzZ mF
+Z{7 h
g ZN syZ~ i Z0 + gzZ yZ~ Serious y~%jgzZ LZX Tggzgz {z1 uZ ZX
Vk0*
}g X ]gz H ~g ^ c* # [ ZX c*
[ Z r {n Xg ~i !*
yYa
XBZ e{z} yQ X
x ZVX( | 7,yR IY0
+Z )~ Z $.{z q
e -Z X B
bg ] Fa }g
z k Q , j
( {z kZ 'X W,
 qz ,
Zk +
i Dg LZ h H{g yZ Z
X # i X ggzZx3,
yZ~D M ~y {zZ +Z WyZX]gzp
i Z0
# )
;gr ,j_Z
# ~X g ._%yZgzZgzZ W,,
ZkiVzg Zu $
g ZgzZ dZ= V d ,+Z ' @* $
;gkC(Z d
7 ~ y % Vzg Zu gzZ Xg 0*
Z {z X X ;g W, /E
Ou" yZ ~ G# Y X g Y s ~ gzZ ]
pg\} (,} (, g Zu{z SX Y
z kZgzZ V n
zz ]5 CZ f LZ yo q
t TX : w2g+Z15 yZ%F~: {
,
gzZX 0zwV" ~ogzZ'( D MgzZ nZg **
g u X u 0*
gzZm
,j_ tX g~ * wyZ ~ Vlg~
) ,X ZZz q
Hy{ X ~ @ ) -Z yZgz Z
 ( j_))
*Z ,X W,,
ZkiyZp {zgzZ wy{ zu ^w7Z { P X
Hc*
w {Z_ Vzi } Zg

242 241
. ~ ~ygzZ } i Zzg } #
$g Zz gzZ MW M Z , Zz ~
kZ x Z yZ X ) (yZ
gzZ D Y
V;z~ e M X VZ yxg}g vZ 3 ~g / Hw$
X +~Zx Z Zge}g
Y
i hI.g Z0
+ *Zz D q vZ gzZ vZ $ vZ Z w 7Z X
z X ~ c Zzz ~ Y:
Hc*
y{vZ 1X Hc*
~gzZg ZTVz yZX /
a'g : VY c*
DLZi ZZgzZ j yo ~@X
~ c ZDvZ
,
gzZovZ zzk + Z
gzZ& /~'X
Hc*
wcZ Z]yZ}DL bkZvZ ~c ZV
X ,Z
X g~VzuzgzZVa6,
R@Q ZDL ZkZ
X,{znz] YZy
X [ Z 6,Zz q
-Z = ~ x c*
Z pz~@ .BV2z vgzZ= izg q
ZV;z X ZGZ} -ZO
(( Va ) Hy X ~ y X Hk ?VY
z W {g $.VrZ X V nZZ r
e # VV;z X Zz _gj@*
Z
z lp} (,a  ]Z sq
} i Zzg y g M xy -Z X
/% a izg z q
w7 z
T -ZO X 1)f Z
gaDL Z p
M ~g KZ ( @*
YH c* $
K.BVyQ&) j #d gzZ k
X lp , Hc*
VrZX DL ZvZ ~
Xg X ~c Z: c*
M~@: w DLZ bkZ a !*
1
a 5B; yZ x Z GZ | (, a  !*
} F,
Z ~h gzZ D Va ~g1) Va ( ~@
z kZ ~ ) kZ
c*
= ! QgzZX c*
57B; yZ Zg**
! X J (,
B; Vz gzZ Z yZq
VJZ  7w {z ~ x KZ a ~g Zu
+Z !*
Zz u \Z kZ ~ fZ g zZ M g0 X V ; z7 x Z ~(, q
-Z~i Z ZvZ g Zu ( { c*HF yZ ] }
ik .
~Z kZ~T c*
ys # +$
3 {z {h +M X Hy  Zs VzZ V ~ ug0*
> M C ]g @*
kZ {zgzZ X H
;H ` ZH!ZjVEZk
, -Z}iu
Z{q X ~ ZwgzZ c*
( ]z ) 124Ai6,yZgzZX k
,: #!*
s Vzm,
Z
4E"
5E
( q ) /@*
{ Zgz EG yZ  X > M bZ vZ ~ kZ
$z L L~ 1958-1957~ Z
e #
z k Q M ~ !* M v { C " zz > M yZ X ]gzp gzZ l6,
@* L x {gk0*
JB; yZ~ c L) ~Lg gzZX @* x ~ , Hc*
V2z F~ V yZ X 124Ai z 6,vZ a kZXV
I Y
xXTg~T g Z% Y{ Z_~g hy{g Zu Z
xV yZ X +@{ Z_
c Zy{ Z X 1X Z c Zzz ~g$
u" !* yZt ZgzZ [pX t Z: Z Zi MgzZ 4z !*
X @* yY Excellsior g { z X~ c Z { Z_ [ xZ x !*
jX ~
XyKZ$fgzZ ( x {( )zg[p ` Z'
lp zx 
j X ;g {gByZ~} #4Z ~X}~ T

244 243
 $X Tg~ k ; _r
X Tg VgzZ M d # x Y {z
$;f yZ '
V;z yZ ] 5 ~X C ] yZ zz gzZ -
g**
X
 $ ZiZ {z/gzZ -
zg ZgzZ d $;f {z ` V;zX
$gzZ a )
gzZd / +
Z t V;zgzZ~ pZh X q~g
VrZ bkZ X g V LZ 7Z ( **
a  $f
yZ Zx= !*
i !*
X g~ YgzZV' Z ggzZ q
7XYyZ(~eg izggzZ S4
~ M 9|4 !* M Zz
G
+
0 F.'h
y{ a VrZ~
i Y Zzi Z kZgzZ ~  + gzZXxi 5~
Wgz M x **
c Z ) a ZXugzZ a ]Z; Za d zyZ~
gzZ.
38 ( ~Vugwh b
-[Z ] !*
gL ZG Y {Zz X
J ~ug a~ yZ(
$- yz ) !*
X MZ ( p . y 0*
! fa  !* X ]{ZzZzXn| 7, +
atX}ih # g
gzZ|
,
kZ X k+x ~g Z a  !*
5 /
X ~ % Z z DIZg X C] 5 D M@g rLX Sg C] 5 S~ !*
E
I4 Y
X D ; g~ T
x } G {zX 79; {eaVzMZh +

z X Dt Z[p kZXyKZ$fVzX : Zg c* C
yZ FvZy Z
Z G !* Z VW yZ~ k ; KZg2 VzgZg
X @* +
h X 0g7 a gz M x **
gzZ } (, a  ]Z
c*
= x ** -Z~yZX D
X q /g ZyZ XD~R ) !*
X Z wZzia ]Z
]** zgzZ {h
yZX +z
/u"!* +
{zh # j7
r
X Ds r !*
3, $- yz D Zz 
ggzZ g gzZ. 2000~ZX@ L Lu L

T r !*
{zX ~ ]# r !*
V2z Vz yZ bkZ
+ V!*
$ LgyZY  z x ZgzZ Z g o

W LZ r !*
d Zz6,yZ
X $1 M ~i } qY lpX c*
Z r !*
X y{[-Z bZX g Y OV;

246 245
D7I ~ y 0*
7Z y{ [-Z gzZ r !*
X : ~ y 0*
#
r
z M ~i VC {g X c*
Zz6,
zyZgzZ a !*
g Zz b
!*
gzZ C o c VY y 0*
~gzO X ,
{g ` k + M~ i q
i ~ whizg F X i h -Z !*
Z ]
kZgzZX I o yz {Zz yZZyZX 0*
]z~ ( ya ) ]z Z (,~o 6,Zzg : \ kZ r !* X g {0
# + gH
igzZ
H !*
X yYkZy kZ1X Z{ G!*
b X Z` Z
X ~Vac ZgzZVam<!*
~ X Z ~ ] gzZ H qz kZgzZ : Z- ~ GkZ !* -Z V KZa wLZ yZ {g p=g&
kW q +c Z !*
#
Z
#
wD Z+gzZ ZryY ] kZ Z kZ nKZZ Z ~ a  !*
kZX g ~ Vzg7} (, y 0*
!*
[ ZX 
$iV Z e m,
D ` Vd +F,
$
d }V~ whZz ~ X g (Z]g~'
,{ c*
i ~ F,
,
'kZ
q) !*
,
VrZ X y~ y yZ ~ X g ` ki yZ a !* L@ > Z g . gzZ gu " y 0*
z kZ !*


X Z Z (,X y yZ gzZ yH yZ V X Y M cZ k ; k0* ~gz
-~ ]g Z Z q~ Z
q # M ~ !*
z k Q ]5 ~y { yZ ] 5 ( g V**
Vz ) ! " c*
e ]gzp
 6,~7&
+Z hZ i sgZz z Y izg q
+R, -Z {z w Y: X ~ P @ y t ZX C ]gZ
; gzZ i ugi y{C
 E
sz^~x ~X W J qL)
L x VgzZ H+ Z b & ~i % ~y M gzZ ~ 0 + i X k ; Y r
# ~gzxj% Ey{
# ~ X
g C
DZ !*
# q
r -Z\ M c* -Z D
C M M q OZz {zX ~~gz
z kZ ]qyyZX ,W,

-Z6, 7Z X Z lp Z (,X c*
q M {n @*
ZgzZ ]gzp a !*
6, ( Kg 0* Zzz Zzg Y
yZgzZ yZ2 { M [Zy
Z !* gzZg
Xg D'!* W V;zX
H~ .
$g`gq
-Z s ~g^gzZ['!* $. r
~g ge # ~gzX q e
$
$D qi(gzZVLZgzZ c*
X 7: *ztzg yZ yZ e X Hg Z
M ~g '
X ] 5~y ,
{z ZxX k -Zt !*
{z&q yZ~} #yZ
KgzZ yZX
Tg k0*
XuLZ !*
~ X`ZV|iZ !* ,
X keyHgzZ ZyZ
X_ N gzZD c*
Y~V]g c*
igzZVzg !* g
g ZX 7 H G }uz q
V~ X -ZVz ` ~
~ y*Gg { H wZ yZ izg q
{7ZgzZ -Z u" Gt x C41X ~ 
g Z ** ~g c*
C !*

Hc*
X +ax Zg M !*
r !*
V yZ'', ~ m,
z6,VgzZ ; /
VX Zg
Hc*
z Zz kZ X
~gz +
wZ e ~ yZ0i !*
^g7gX
nZg **

248 247