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Wa b Fd q0 Ed
Positive work since force is parallel to the net
displacement of the test charge.
qq0 1 1
Wa b
4 0 ra rb
rb rb 1 qq0
Wa b F cos dl cos dl
ra ra 4 0 r 2
The electric potential energy of two point charges q and
q0 separated at any distance r:
qq01
U
4 0 r
EXAMPLE 1
U
1 20Q
2
4 0 R
EXAMPLE 2
U 0
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY WITH SEVERAL
POINT CHARGES
qi q0
U
4 0 i ri
EXAMPLE: EXTERNAL FORCE
1 3 2 3
Potential energy at initial location: = + =0
Potential energy at final location:
1 3 2 3 + 2 1 + 2
= + = +1 =
2 2 2
Consider two point charges on the x-axis:
1 = at x = 0 , 2 = + at x = .
(a) What is the work that must be done by an external
force to bring a third point charge 3 = + from
infinity to x = 2?
+ 2
= =
2
INDEX CARD EXERCISE
`
, =
and
, =
OBJECTIVE =
Calculate the potential = ( )
energy of a point charge
in a uniform external
electric field
Calculate the potential
Wab Fd q0 Ed
energy of a system of
point charges
q0 qi
Calculate the minimum
work needed to assemble
a system of point charges
U
4 0 i ri
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL Sec 23-2
OBJECTIVE
Vab Va Vb
GENERAL RULE VALID FOR ANY ELECTRIC FIELD
U 1 qi
V
q0 4 0
i r
Moving WITH the direction of i
the electric field means moving
in the direction of decreasing
V.