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pHsensor
ThepHversustemperaturerelationofapHsensorisdescribed,accordingtoNernstequation,withthe
followingequation:
E=E0kTpH
Theslopefactoroftheequation,"kT",willchangewhentemperaturechanges.Andthatmeanthe
millivolt(mV)outputofthepHelectrodewillchangewithtemperature.
pHversustemperaturegraphs
Thefigureaboveshowstheeffectontheelectrodesignalatvarioustemperatures.Theisothermalpoint
ofapHelectrodeisdefinedastheintersectionpointofdifferenttemperaturelines,seethefigure.The
isopotentialpoint,orthezeropoint,isthenpointwhereelectrodeoutputis0.0mV.
ForanidealpHelectrode,thiswouldrepresentanisothermalintersectionatthezeropoint(0mVatpH
7)fordifferenttemperatures.
Importantpracticalsignificance
WhenperformingpHmeasurementsit'simportantthatthepHelectrodehasreachedthermal
equilibriumwiththemeasuredmediainordertoobtainastablemeasurementvalue.Andthisismore
importantthefartherthepHgetsawayfrom7.
WhenapHelectrodeistransferredbetweensolutionsofdifferenttemperatures,orthetemperatureof
themeasuredsolutionchangesrapidlyduringmeasurement,youwillnoticeaslowresponseordrift
fromthepHmeter.TheresultingdriftwillcontinueuntilthesampleandthepHelectrodehavereached
thermalequilibrium.
TemperatureCompensation
TobeabletogetaccuratepHvalues,youoratleastthepHmeterneedstoknowtheactual
temperatureandcompensateforthetemperatureeffectaccordingtoNernstequation.
TemperaturecompensationiscontainedwithinallpHmeters,and
itmaybeeithermanualorautomatic.Withmanual
compensation,youhavetomakeaseparatetemperature
measurementandmanualenterthetemperaturevalueinthepH
meter.
ModernpHmetershaveautomatictemperaturecompensation
(ATC).Thesignalfromaseparatetemperaturesensorisfedinto
thepHmeter,sothatitcanaccuratelydeterminethepHvalueat
thattemperature.
Uncompensatedtemperatureerror
IfanuncompensatedpHmeterissetto25Cbutismeasureasampleof
20Cand8.0pH,thepHmeterwouldmeasureavoltageof58.2mVbut
wouldexpect59.2mV.Thevalueonthedisplaywouldbe7.98pH.An
errorof0.02pH.
Forameasurementof4.00pHat75C(probablyclosetoatypicalworst
case),anuncompensatedpHmeterwouldreadabout4.50pH.Anerrorof
0.5pH.
Asyoucansee,whenworkingnear7.0pH,temperaturecompensationis
notasignificantfactor.However,thefartherthepHgetsawayfrom7,the
largertheerrorintroduced.
ConclusionofthepHversustemperaturerelationship:
TomakeanaccuratepHmeasurementyouneedtousetemperaturecompensation.Exceptionisifyou
measureapHofabout7.
27 April 2017 10:30
1. Alkali neutralization
Environmentally compatible
After a textile processing step that takes place in an alkaline medium,
textile processing with formic
formic acid neutralizes the excess of sodium hydroxide and adjusts the
acid from BASF
pH to neutral.
1 of 2 14/06/17, 5:39 AM
Textile processing with formic acid from BASF - BASF Intermediates http://www.intermediates.basf.com/chemicals/web/en/print/content/pr...
2 of 2 14/06/17, 5:39 AM