2012-QSC8.

3 & QSL9 CM850 Introduction

Term Definition
Actuator Control Valve The Actuator Control Valve controls the air pressure to the turbocharger
actuator.
Adjustable Parameters Selections made in the engine ECM from an INSITE imposed range.
Advanced Timing Injection that occurs earlier in the compression stroke when compared to
base timing. With advanced timing the start of injection occurs more
crank angle degrees before top dead center (BTDC).
Aftertreatment A method of controlling exhaust emissions with the use of a catalyst,
filter or trap installed in the exhaust system.
Algorithm Software stored in the ECM that is used to establish a step-by-step
procedure to determine a value based on inputs from engine sensors.
This value is used to provide output to various devices on the engine.
Ambient Air Pressure Sensor that tells the ECM the outside air pressure.
Sensor
Articulated Piston Two piece piston assembly consisting of a crown and a skirt. The piston
assembly is typically held together using the piston pin.
Barometric Pressure See Ambient Air Pressure Sensor
Sensor
Block Heater An electric resistance heater installed in the cooling system and used to
provide for easier starting in cold weather. Also called a coolant heater.
Block Stiffener Plate Device mounted to the bottom of the engine block to provide additional
strength and rigidity to the block casting. This plate is typically mounted
using shoulder bolts to provide optimum stiffening capability.
Breakout Harness Service tool used to check circuit voltage with electrical components
connected to the ECM.
CAC (Charge Air Air-to-air cooler mounted in front of the engine radiator used to lower the
Cooler) temperature of the intake air after it has passed through the
turbocharger.
Camshaft Position Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on the position of machined
Sensor surfaces in the camshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the
ECM to determine the camshaft position.
CAPS Cummins Accumulator Pumping System
CARB California Air Resources Board
Catalyst A device installed in the exhaust system that causes harmful emissions
to be converted into harmless ones.
CLS Coolant Level Sensor
CM554 An electronic control module used on Cummins engines with the CAPS
fuel system
CM850 An electronic control module used on Cummins engines with the HPCR
fuel system
Collar Valve Rotating valve on the water filter head used to seal off coolant flow when
changing the water filter.
Compression Brake See Engine Brake
Coolant Heater An electric resistance heater installed in the cooling system and used to
provide for easier starting in cold weather. Also called a block heater.
CPL (List) Control Parts List
Crankcase Breather Device used to allow excess pressure in the engine crankcase to exit
the engine. Crankcase pressure is typically a result of combustion gas
flowing past the piston rings (blowby).
Crossflow Cylinder Cylinder head design where the intake air flows into the cylinder, and the
Head exhaust gas flows from the cylinder from opposite sides of the engine.
Crosshead A device that allows one rocker arm to open two valves
CTS Coolant Temperature Sensor
Cummins Accumulator A Fuel system that stores fuel at pressures high enough for injection in
Pumping System an accumulator. The ECM signals a control valve to release the proper
amount of fuel from the accumulator and a rotary distributor directs the
fuel to the proper injector.
Datalink a) The electrical connection that allows an external electronic device,
such as INSITE, to be connected to the ECM. This connection is used
for communication and data transfer. b) Communication system that
allows the vehicle's control ECM to communicate with other devices.
Dataplate Identifying information for an engine or vehicle.
Dataplate - Electronic The information contained on the engine dataplate that is stored
electronically in the ECM.
Deaerating Cooling Cooling system utilized on many Cummins engines that aids in purging
System air from the cooling system during initial coolant fill and during operation.
This system also provides a positive flow of coolant at the water pump
during all engine operating condition.
Dedicated Oil Fill Boss Mounting location for Oil Dip Stick.
Diagnostic Lamp The light used to alert the operator of certain faults in the system as well
as flash out fault code information.
ECM (Electronic A computer portion of the electronic control system that is responsible
Control Module) for engine control, diagnostics, and user features. This component
receives signals from engine sensors and OEM switches. It contains
software based control algorithms and diagnostic algorithms. These
algorithms process the input signals and transmit signals to the
appropriate output devices.
ECM Cooling Plate Component used to dissipate the heat generated from the ECM
electronics.
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Engine Brake A optional component that enhances the engines ability to slow the
vehicle in coasting situations. It works by opening the exhaust valve
when the piston is at the top of the compression stroke. Any energy
stored in the compressed air is released into the exhaust system and not
returned to the piston on its next downward stroke.
Engine Speed Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on the
crankshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine
the engine speed and crankshaft position.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
Exhaust Emissions The various chemical compounds released into the atmosphere after
combustion has taken place.
Exhaust Gas Takes a portion of the exhaust gas, cools it, combines it with fresh air,
Recirculation and returns it to the combustion chamber.
Firing Order The order in which the cylinders, beginning with No. 1 cylinder, deliver
their power strokes.
Fleetguard Manufacturer of quality filtration and diesel engine related products.
(Customer Assistance Center 1-800-223-4583)
Fracture Split Manufacturing technique where the connecting rod and rod cap are
manufactured as a unit and then mechanically split apart.
Framatome Connector Electrical connector used for some sensors on the CM85 engines.
These connectors provide positive engagement with a double locking
system.
Full Floating Piston Pin A piston pin that is assembled with the rod, piston, and pin at room
temperature.
Grid Heater An electric resistance heater mounted in the intake air system to heat
the air for easier starting at low temperatures.
Hall-Effect Sensor A type of electronic sensor used to determine motion and proximity.
From this signal, the ECM calculates engine speed and position.
High Pressure A Cummins fuel system that uses a common rail as an accumulator to
Common Rail store fuel at pressures high enough for injection. The ECM controls the
electronic injectors, each of which is connected to the rail.
Horsepower A unit of power equal to 746 Watts
HPCR High Pressure Common Rail
Hydromechanical System using hydraulics, or fluid flow, and mechanical action to control
motion of a component.
IAT Sensor Intake Air Temperature Sensor
IMP Sensor Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
IMT Sensor Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
INLINE II J1587, J1708, and J1939 protocol communications tool used to connect
the ECM to a PC.
INSITE The PC based electronic service tool used to diagnose and calibrate
Cummins electronic engines.
J1587 An SAE communications protocol that uses J1708-style hardware.
J1708 An SAE standard that describes the datalink conversion hardware and
the lower layers of the communications protocol.
J1939 An SAE communication protocol that enables an engine to be controlled
by J1939 devices. This communication standard allows service tools
and some other vehicle controllers, such as transmission shifting,
braking system, and traction control systems, to communicate with the
ECM.
J1939 Backbone ECM J1939 Datalink connection in which service tools and other J1939
devices communicate with the ECM. This bus can be extended 150 feet
with minimal outside interference to communication data. The Main Bus
is constructed with twisted pair wires, shielding, and is terminated with a
120 ohm resistor at each end.
J1939 Node Any device sending signals over the J1939 communications datalink.
J-Jet Cooling Nozzles J-Jet Cooling Nozzles are used to deliver lubrication to the pistons
Keystone Profile Angled top and bottom surface of the piston ring and ring groove.
Lift Pump An electric pump controlled by the ECM through a relay. Each time the
key is turned on the ECM turns on this pump for thirty seconds to insure
easy starting and shorter cranking time.
Magnetic Pickup Speed sensing device utilizing a target passing through a magnetic field
to generate a signal that is sent to the ECM.
Manometer A device used to measure pressure or pressure differences.
Micron Unit of measurement equal to one thousandth of a millimeter.
Mid-stop Liner Style of cylinder liner where a ledge toward the middle of the liner seats
on a shoulder in the block. This seat establishes the amount of liner
protrusion above the surface of the engine block.
Multiplexing The use of one circuit to provide signals from multiple components to the
ECM.
Negative twist A notch or bevel on the inside bottom of a piston ring that causes the
ring to flex or twist.
NOx Various combinations of Nitrogen and Oxygen.
Nozzle Ring The sliding portion of the turbocharger that changes the size of the
volute exit area. Changing the exit area affects both boost pressure and
exhaust backpressure.
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer.
Oil Cooler Petcock A petcock is a device used to drain the coolant from the system.
Pass Through Wiring harness connection used to transition the harness from outside
Connector the engine through a casting to the interior of the engine.
PC Personal Computer
Piston Cooling Nozzle A devices that sprays oil onto the underside of the piston head. This oil
helps to cool the piston and may also provide some lubrication for the
piston pin.
Pneumatic Actuation A method of controlling the variable geometry turbocharger's exit volute
area by using a air pressure.
Poly-Vee Belt A drive belt with a multiple vee shaped inside surface that fits into a
mating pulley containing multiple grooves.
Positive Flow System using pressurized coolant flow to remove trapped air from the
Deaeration coolant.
Positive twist A notch or bevel on the inside top of a piston ring that causes the ring to
flex or twist.
Power Take Off A device mounted to the engine or transmission that provides power for
accessories such as hydraulic pumps.
PTO Power Take Off
Retarded Injection Injection that occurs later in the compression stroke when compared to
Timing base timing. With retarded timing the start of injection occurs less crank
angle degrees before top dead center (BTDC).
RTV Room Temperature Vulcanizing Compound - material used for form-in-
place gaskets.
Rubber Damper A vibration damper used to reduce vibration and noise.
SCA (Supplemental Additive package used in diesel engine cooling systems to prevent
Coolant Additive) scale, corrosion, and pitting of cooling system components.
Serpentine Belt Compound curve drive belt that uses both sides of the belt to drive
engine components.
Solder Bloom Corrosion of the soldered joints in a radiator or oil cooler caused by
antifreeze with depleted corrosion inhibitors. Solder bloom can cause
the tube-to-header joints to become weakened and corrosion can restrict
coolant flow.
STOR (Straight Thread Type of English fitting used to seal many of the access ports in the
O-Ring) block. This style fitting provides improved sealing capabilities when
compared with tapered pipe-thread fittings.
STORM (Straight Type of Metric fitting used to seal many of the access ports in the block.
Thread O-Ring - Metric) This style fitting provides improved sealing capabilities when compared
with tapered pipe-thread fittings.
StrataPore Filter Media Multi-layered filter media which provides improved durability and
filtration capability.
Stub The J1939 Datalink connection from service tools or other vehicle
controllers that attaches to the J1939 backbone. The stubs are restricted
to approximately 1 meter in length to minimize interference. The stub is
constructed with shielding and twisted pair wires.
Tensioner Pulley Spring loaded self adjusting pulley used to maintain a drive belt at the
desired belt tension.
Termination Resistor One of the two 120 ohm resistors connected in parallel in the J1939
backbone circuit.
Thermocouple A device that uses the electrical potential created by dis-similar metals
to measure temperature.
Thermostat An automatic temperature sensing device utilizing a mechanical valve to
regulate the flow path of a fluid.
Tone Wheel Notched ring, commonly installed on the crankshaft or camshaft. The
notches or protrusions are used as "targets" for a speed or position
sensor.
Torque Plus A tightening procedure that provides a more consistent clamping force
Angle/Torque Plus Turn than torque only. This is accomplished by torquing to a specification and
then rotating an additional specified number of degrees.
TPS (Throttle Position Part of the accelerator pedal assembly that sends a pedal position signal
Sensor) to the ECM. This device is a potentiometer that produces a varying
voltage as it is moved through the operating range.
Turbocharger Centrifugal air pump or blower driven by exhaust gas turbine. It fills the
engine cylinders with fresh air at a higher pressure than atmospheric.
Turbocharger Control The valve that controls the air flow to the variable geometry actuator.
Valve This valve receives a signal from the ECM.
Turbocharger Speed This sensor measures the rotational speed of the turbocharger shaft and
Sensor helps the ECM determine that the system is functioning and prevents
overspeeding of the turbo.
TVS (Trapped Volume Fuel passage that relieves fuel pressure in the injector cup after
Spill) Port injection. Fuel flow enters the TVS from the cup and returns to the fuel
tank through the drain line.
Valve Seats Create a seal between valves and the intake and exhaust ports.
Variable Geometry Air- A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby
Actuated Turbocharger increasing backpressure quickly, in the exhaust system.
Variable Geometry A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby
Electronically Actuated increasing backpressure quickly, in the exhaust system.
Turbocharger
Variable Geometry A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby
Turbocharger increasing backpressure quickly, in the exhaust system.
Venturi Nozzle Funnel shaped nozzle inside the oil filter which uses oil flow through the
full flow filtering media to pull oil through the bypass media.
Viscous Damper A vibration damper used to reduce vibration and noise.
Wastegate A mechanical device that allows exhaust to bypass the turbocharger
turbine, regulating boost.
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Sensor mounted in the bottom of the fuel filter/water separator that
(WIF) indicates if too much water is contained in the bottom of the filter.